CN112543043A - Beam space distributed power distribution method based on non-orthogonal multiple access technology - Google Patents

Beam space distributed power distribution method based on non-orthogonal multiple access technology Download PDF

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CN112543043A
CN112543043A CN202011340423.XA CN202011340423A CN112543043A CN 112543043 A CN112543043 A CN 112543043A CN 202011340423 A CN202011340423 A CN 202011340423A CN 112543043 A CN112543043 A CN 112543043A
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users
matrix
channel
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张文彬
王德昊
吴少川
李壮
刘玲芝
朱秋玥
张立妍
苏佳琪
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Beijing Mechanical And Electrical Engineering General Design Department
Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection

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Abstract

A distributed power distribution method under a beam space based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technology belongs to the field of wireless communication and aims to solve the problems that interference among users is difficult to suppress and spectrum efficiency is obviously reduced due to the fact that the number of user terminals is often larger than the number of radio frequency links. The invention randomly generates an original channel matrix; converting the original channel matrix to a beam space according to the discrete lens array characteristics; selecting a wave beam by adopting a maximum amplitude wave beam selection algorithm, determining a wave beam set to be used by a transmitting end of a base station, and obtaining an actual channel matrix between a transmitter and a receiver from the wave beam set; adopting a zero-breaking pre-coding algorithm to inhibit the interference among different beams; forming a user cluster, and introducing a non-orthogonal multiple access technology among users of the same user cluster; and performing inter-cluster and intra-cluster distributed power distribution on a plurality of users of the downlink to obtain a power distribution result. The beneficial effect is that obviously promote system spectral efficiency.

Description

Beam space distributed power distribution method based on non-orthogonal multiple access technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a user power distribution technology in a beam space.
Background
With the widespread use of mobile devices and the rapid growth of wireless data services, the demands of people on the access quantity and the communication rate of wireless network terminals are increasing; in 5G communication, the millimeter wave massive MIMO beam forming technology has great advantages in the aspects of improving the frequency spectrum utilization rate, controlling the interference among users and the like.
After the large-scale MIMO beam forming technology is combined with the beam space concept, an analog-digital mixed structure combining digital pre-coding and a beam selection algorithm is adopted at a transmitting end, so that the number of radio frequency links can be obviously reduced, and the purposes of reducing hardware complexity and power consumption are achieved; converting a physical space MIMO channel to a beam space using a Discrete Lens Array (DLA), replacing the physical space MIMO with a beam space MIMO (Beamspace MIMO, B-MIMO); at this time, each radio frequency link is not corresponding to a transmitting terminal antenna any more, but corresponds to a wave beam in a certain direction; taking downlink as an example, different single-antenna mobile users meet their own communication requirements by selecting beams in specific directions; therefore, by utilizing the sparse characteristic of the millimeter wave channel in the beam space, the transmitting end can select the beam with larger effect on the user through the beam selection algorithm to carry out communication, and the purpose of reducing the number of radio frequency links is achieved.
A key problem also exists in the practical process of B-MIMO: the number of users of the system cannot exceed the number of radio frequency links; this is because the degree of freedom provided by the radio frequency link at the transmitting end must be greater than or equal to the degree of freedom required by the user, otherwise the inter-user interference will be difficult to suppress, resulting in a significant reduction in spectral efficiency; however, in practical situations, the number of the ues is often random and often greater than the number of the radio frequency links, especially in a 5G mtc service scenario.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the interference among users is difficult to suppress and the spectrum efficiency is obviously reduced because the number of user terminals is often larger than the number of radio frequency links, and provides a beam space distributed power distribution method based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technology.
The invention relates to a distributed power distribution method under a beam space based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technology, which comprises the following steps:
step one, according to a millimeter wave channel model, randomly generating a physical space downlink original channel matrix between a base station and a plurality of single-antenna mobile users;
step two, according to the characteristics of the discrete lens array, converting the original channel matrix randomly generated in the step one into a beam space to obtain a beam space channel matrix;
thirdly, selecting a wave beam by adopting a maximum amplitude wave beam selection algorithm according to the wave beam space channel matrix obtained in the second step, determining a wave beam set to be used by a transmitting end of the base station, and obtaining an actual channel matrix between the transmitter and the receiver from the wave beam set;
step four, according to the result of the wave beam selection in the step three, adopting a zero-breaking pre-coding algorithm to inhibit the interference among different wave beams; pairing two users selecting the same wave beam to form a user cluster, and introducing a non-orthogonal multiple access technology between the users of the same user cluster to enable a plurality of users in the same wave beam to share time-frequency resources;
and step five, performing inter-cluster and intra-cluster distributed power distribution on a plurality of users of the downlink according to the channel information in the beam space to obtain a power distribution result.
The invention has the advantages that the number of radio frequency links is reduced and the number of users is increased based on the beam selection algorithm in the beam space model and the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology, and the invention provides a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology-based beam space distributed power distribution scheme, thereby further improving the system spectrum efficiency; the invention provides a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology-based distributed power distribution scheme under a beam space, which solves the problem that the number of users accessed in the existing model cannot be larger than the number of radio frequency links by introducing the NOMA technology on the basis of a beam selection algorithm; the invention adopts a distributed power distribution scheme after introducing a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology, which can ensure fairness among users to a certain extent and obviously improve the spectrum efficiency of the system.
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Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for distributed power allocation in beam space based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technology according to a first embodiment;
fig. 2 is a graph comparing spectral efficiencies of an average power allocation scheme without introducing a non-orthogonal multiple access technology and a distributed power allocation scheme in a beam space based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology under the condition that a signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB and each user selects one beam in the first embodiment, the graph varying with the number of users;
fig. 3 is a graph comparing spectral efficiencies of an average power allocation scheme without introducing the non-orthogonal multiple access technology and a distributed power allocation scheme in a beam space based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology with a variation of an emission signal-to-noise ratio under the condition that an access amount of a system user is 30 and each user selects one beam in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to fig. 3, and the method for allocating distributed power in beam space based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology in the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, according to a millimeter wave channel model, randomly generating a physical space downlink original channel matrix between a base station and a plurality of single-antenna mobile users;
step two, according to the characteristics of the discrete lens array, converting the original channel matrix randomly generated in the step one into a beam space to obtain a beam space channel matrix;
thirdly, selecting a wave beam by adopting a maximum amplitude wave beam selection algorithm according to the wave beam space channel matrix obtained in the second step, determining a wave beam set to be used by a transmitting end of the base station, and obtaining an actual channel matrix between the transmitter and the receiver from the wave beam set;
step four, according to the result of the wave beam selection in the step three, adopting a zero-breaking pre-coding algorithm to inhibit the interference among different wave beams; pairing two users selecting the same wave beam to form a user cluster, and introducing a non-orthogonal multiple access technology between the users of the same user cluster to enable a plurality of users in the same wave beam to share time-frequency resources;
and step five, performing inter-cluster and intra-cluster distributed power distribution on a plurality of users of the downlink according to the channel information in the beam space to obtain a power distribution result.
In this embodiment, in the first step, according to the millimeter wave channel model, a specific method for randomly generating a physical space downlink original channel matrix between a base station and a plurality of single-antenna mobile users is as follows:
step one, determining a received signal vector; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the number of antennas at the transmitting end of the MIMO system model is N, and N is a positive integer; the receiving end has K single-antenna users, and K is a positive integer; received signal vector y ═ y1,y2,…,yK]TIs shown as
y＝HHGs+n (1)
Wherein s ═ s1,s2,…,sK]TIs a transmitted signal vector of K x 1 dimension and satisfies E (ss)H)＝IK，sHRepresenting the transmitted signal vector s ═ s1,s2,…,sK]TThe E () is mean coincidence, IKRepresenting a K-dimensional identity matrix; precoding matrix G ═ G1,g2,…,gK]The dimension of (a) is NxK; n represents noise, namely circularly symmetric Gaussian noise with the mean value of zero and the variance of 1; h ═ H1,h2,…,hK]Is a physical channel matrix of dimension NxK, where each column hkRepresenting a channel vector between a base station end and a mobile user k, and the dimension is Nx 1;
determining an original channel matrix according to the millimeter wave channel model; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: according to the millimeter wave channel model, the following results are obtained: the original channel matrix comprises a base station end and a user k;
the channel vector between the base station and user k is represented as:
Figure BDA0002798445900000041
where β is the path loss, θ is the path angle, θ is the path lossk,iRepresenting the complex path angle, theta, corresponding to the different paths of the kth userk,0Represents the line-of-sight path angle, beta, corresponding to different paths of the kth userk,iRepresenting the complex path loss, beta, corresponding to the different paths of the kth userk,0Represents the line-of-sight path loss, the amplitude of multipath component | β corresponding to different paths of the kth userk,iThe | than line-of-sight (LoS) component | βk,0L is 5 to 10dB less; n is a radical ofpRepresenting the number of multipaths, aNIs an N × 1 dimensional control vector, represented as:
aN＝[e-j2πθi]i∈Γ(N)
wherein Γ (N) { l- (N-1)/2: l ═ 0, 1.., N-1} is a symmetric set centered at 0, l representing a variable set for each element in the symmetric set;
the path angle θ is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002798445900000042
wherein λ represents a signal wavelength and d represents an antenna pitch; and d ═ λ/2 is the antenna aperture domain sample spacing, and the direction angle in physical space, φ ∈ π/2, π/2], is θ ∈ [ -1/2,1/2 ].
In this embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the beam space channel matrix in step two is as follows: transforming the physical space channel matrix to a beam space to obtain a specific expression of a matrix U; according to the characteristics of the discrete lens array, the column vectors of the matrix U correspond to n control vectors with fixed spatial frequency/angle, and each vector has a fixed distance
Figure BDA0002798445900000043
The matrix U can thus be represented as
Figure BDA0002798445900000044
Transforming the physical channel to the beam space to obtain the MIMO system expression in the beam space as
Figure BDA0002798445900000051
Wherein HbIs a channel matrix in a beam space and satisfies Hb＝UHH；GbIs a precoding matrix in a beam space and satisfies GbUG; p ═ diag { P } is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements
Figure BDA0002798445900000052
Representing the transmission power of K users, satisfying
Figure BDA0002798445900000053
I.e. the sum of the transmission power cannot exceed the maximum transmission of the base stationAnd (4) power.
In this embodiment, the specific method for selecting a beam by using the maximum amplitude beam selection algorithm in step three is as follows:
selecting a number of beams of which the amplitude is larger, defining a set in order to mathematically describe the algorithm
Figure BDA0002798445900000054
Figure BDA0002798445900000055
Wherein,
Figure BDA0002798445900000056
is HbRow i and column k elements of (1); m(k)Is a set of selections for the kth user; xi(k)∈[0,1]To select the threshold, a different number of primary beams can be selected by adjusting the value, ξ being the minimum beam selected by each user(k)Must be independently valued for each user.
In this embodiment, the actual beam space channel matrix is obtained according to the result of beam selection, and as can be known from the MMS beam selection algorithm, there may be a single user or multiple users in the same beam. If the beam is a single user, the vector of the user in the beam space is a vector representing the actual beam space channel matrix; if there are several users in a beam, we need to determine the form of this beam in the actual beam space channel matrix by other methods.
The specific method for obtaining the actual channel matrix between the transmitter and the receiver from the beam set in the step three is as follows:
if there are multiple users in the same beam and the NOMA technology is used among the multiple users, the corresponding vector of the beam in the actual beam channel matrix is obtained according to the singular value decomposition method, and the specific process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002798445900000061
wherein HmA channel matrix composed of channel vectors of all users in the mth wave beam and having a dimension of NRF×|Sm|，|SmL is the number of users in the beam; hmFrom | SmL column vectors, hi,mChannel vectors for the ith user in the mth beam; to pair
Figure BDA0002798445900000062
Singular value decomposition is carried out to obtain:
Figure BDA0002798445900000063
wherein, UmIs | Sm|×|SmLeft singular value decomposition matrix of | dimension, ΣmIs a diagonal matrix, VmIs NRF×NRFA right singular value decomposition matrix of the dimension;
the equivalent channel vector of the mth beam can be obtained by the following equation:
Figure BDA0002798445900000064
wherein,
Figure BDA0002798445900000065
is composed of
Figure BDA0002798445900000066
The column vectors of the left singular decomposition matrix corresponding to the largest singular values,
Figure BDA0002798445900000067
then represents the channel matrix
Figure BDA0002798445900000068
One beam vector of;
according to the zero-breaking precoding principle, the precoding matrix
Figure BDA0002798445900000069
Can be expressed as:
Figure BDA00027984459000000610
wherein,
Figure BDA00027984459000000611
representing a precoding matrix
Figure BDA00027984459000000612
The nth column vector of (a) is,
Figure BDA00027984459000000613
represents the channel matrix after the beam selection,
Figure BDA00027984459000000614
then represent
Figure BDA00027984459000000615
The conjugate transpose of (c).
In this embodiment, the specific process of performing inter-cluster and intra-cluster distributed power allocation on multiple downlink users in step five is as follows:
fifthly, carrying out power distribution among user clusters by taking the user clusters as units;
and step two, carrying out user intra-cluster power distribution by taking a user as a unit.
In this embodiment, the specific standard for performing inter-user cluster power allocation in the fifth step with the user cluster as a unit is as follows:
the total power of the single user cluster is P/K, and the total power of the double user clusters is (2P)/K; wherein K is the total number of single-antenna users in the downlink, and P is the total transmitting power of the base station.
In this embodiment, the specific standard for performing the power allocation in the user cluster by using the user as a unit in the step two is as follows: the total power of the user cluster is P/K; the dual-user cluster uses a fractional power allocation scheme, and at this time, the transmission power of the ith dual-user cluster can be respectively expressed as:
Figure BDA0002798445900000071
Figure BDA0002798445900000072
wherein alpha isftpa∈[0,1]For the power allocation factor, gi(j) For equivalent channel gain, ni(j) Noise and interference.
In the embodiment, according to the power distribution result of the step five, a method of spectrum efficiency performance comparison is adopted for verification, the system performance adopting an average power distribution scheme is compared, and the beneficial effect of a distributed power distribution scheme under a beam space based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technology is verified; the specific process of the preparation in this example is as follows:
the simulation conditions are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a millimeter wave channel model (S-V channel model) is provided, noise is circularly symmetric Gaussian noise with zero mean and variance of 1, the number of antennas at a transmitting end of a base station is 81, a user receiving end is provided with a single receiving antenna, and the number of users in the same wave beam is at most two; the millimeter wave channel model only considers time-invariant channels, the number of multipath is 2, the Rice factor is set to be 5, and the parameters are matched with the real channel condition;
on the basis of the above conditions, the system performance of the distributed power allocation scheme under the beam space based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology under different conditions is verified through simulation.
As can be seen from fig. 2: when the transmission signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB and each user selects one wave beam, when the number of users is increased to 30 and an average power distribution scheme without introducing a non-orthogonal multiple access technology is adopted, the frequency spectrum efficiency of the system is obviously reduced due to the increase of the number of the users; when the distributed power allocation scheme in the beam space based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology is adopted, the spectrum efficiency increases with the increase of the number of users and is always the former.
As can be seen from fig. 2, under the same snr condition, the user access amount of the large-scale MIMO system can be increased and the spectrum efficiency of the system can be improved by the non-orthogonal multiple access technology based distributed power allocation scheme in the beam space.
As can be seen from fig. 3, in the case that the access amount of the system user is 30 and each user selects one beam, the spectrum efficiency of the distributed power allocation scheme in the beam space based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology and the average power allocation scheme without the introduction of the non-orthogonal multiple access technology is improved as the transmission signal-to-noise ratio increases, and the performance of the latter is always better than that of the former.
Fig. 3 further verifies that, under the condition of the same system user access amount, the spectrum efficiency of the system can be improved by the non-orthogonal multiple access technology-based beam space distributed power allocation scheme.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A distributed power distribution method under a beam space based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, according to a millimeter wave channel model, randomly generating a physical space downlink original channel matrix between a base station and a plurality of single-antenna mobile users;
step two, according to the characteristics of the discrete lens array, converting the original channel matrix randomly generated in the step one into a beam space to obtain a beam space channel matrix;
thirdly, selecting a wave beam by adopting a maximum amplitude wave beam selection algorithm according to the wave beam space channel matrix obtained in the second step, determining a wave beam set to be used by a transmitting end of the base station, and obtaining an actual channel matrix between the transmitter and the receiver from the wave beam set;
step four, according to the result of the wave beam selection in the step three, adopting a zero-breaking pre-coding algorithm to inhibit the interference among different wave beams; pairing two users selecting the same wave beam to form a user cluster, and introducing a non-orthogonal multiple access technology between the users of the same user cluster to enable a plurality of users in the same wave beam to share time-frequency resources;
and step five, performing inter-cluster and intra-cluster distributed power distribution on a plurality of users of the downlink according to the channel information in the beam space to obtain a power distribution result.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for randomly generating the physical space downlink original channel matrix between the base station and the multiple single-antenna mobile users according to the millimeter wave channel model in the step one is as follows:
step one, determining a received signal vector; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the number of antennas at the transmitting end of the MIMO system model is N, and N is a positive integer; the receiving end has K single-antenna users, and K is a positive integer; received signal vector y ═ y1,y2,…,yK]TIs shown as
y＝HHGs+n (1)
Wherein s ═ s1,s2,…,sK]TIs a transmitted signal vector of K x 1 dimension and satisfies E (ss)H)＝IK，sHRepresenting the transmitted signal vector s ═ s1,s2,…,sK]TThe E () is mean coincidence, IKRepresenting a K-dimensional identity matrix; precoding matrix G ═ G1,g2,…,gK]The dimension of (a) is NxK; n represents noise, namely circularly symmetric Gaussian noise with the mean value of zero and the variance of 1; h ═ H1,h2,…,hK]Is a physical channel matrix of dimension NxK, where each column hkRepresenting a channel vector between a base station end and a mobile user k, and the dimension is Nx 1;
determining an original channel matrix according to the millimeter wave channel model; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: according to the millimeter wave channel model, the following results are obtained: the original channel matrix comprises a base station end and a user k;
the channel vector between the base station and user k is represented as:
Figure FDA0002798445890000021
where β is the path loss, θ is the path angle, θ is the path lossk,iRepresenting the complex path angle, theta, corresponding to the different paths of the kth userk,0Represents the line-of-sight path angle beta corresponding to different paths of the kth userk,iRepresenting the complex path loss, beta, corresponding to the different paths of the kth userk,0Represents the line-of-sight path loss, the amplitude of multipath component | β corresponding to different paths of the kth userk,iThe | than line-of-sight (LoS) component | βk,0L is 5 to 10dB less; n is a radical ofpRepresenting the number of multipaths, aNIs an N × 1 dimensional control vector, represented as:
aN＝[e-j2πθi]i∈Γ(N)
wherein Γ (N) { l- (N-1)/2: l ═ 0, 1.., N-1} is a symmetric set centered at 0, l representing a variable set for each element in the symmetric set;
the path angle θ is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002798445890000026
wherein λ represents a signal wavelength and d represents an antenna pitch; and d ═ λ/2 is the antenna aperture domain sample spacing, and the direction angle in physical space, φ ∈ π/2, π/2], is θ ∈ [ -1/2,1/2 ].
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the beam space is based on a non-orthogonal multiple access technologyThe method for distributing the distributed power under the intervehicular mode is characterized in that the specific method for obtaining the wave beam space channel matrix in the step two is as follows: transforming the physical space channel matrix to a beam space to obtain a specific expression of a matrix U; according to the characteristics of the discrete lens array, the column vectors of the matrix U correspond to n control vectors with fixed spatial frequency/angle, and each vector has a fixed distance
Figure FDA0002798445890000022
The matrix U can thus be represented as
Figure FDA0002798445890000023
Transforming the physical channel to the beam space to obtain the MIMO system expression in the beam space as
Figure FDA0002798445890000024
Wherein HbIs a channel matrix in a beam space and satisfies Hb＝UHH；GbIs a precoding matrix in a beam space and satisfies GbUG; p ═ diag { P } is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements
Figure FDA0002798445890000025
Representing the transmission power of K users, satisfying
Figure FDA0002798445890000031
I.e. the sum of the transmit powers cannot exceed the maximum transmit power at the base station.
4. The method for distributing distributed power in beam space based on the non-orthogonal multiple access technology according to claim 3, wherein the specific method for selecting beams by using the maximum amplitude beam selection algorithm in the third step is as follows:
selecting a number of beams of which the amplitude is larger, defining a set in order to mathematically describe the algorithm
Figure FDA0002798445890000032
Figure FDA0002798445890000033
Wherein,
Figure FDA0002798445890000034
is HbRow i and column k elements of (1); m(k)Is a set of selections for the kth user; xi(k)∈[0,1]To select the threshold, a different number of primary beams can be selected by adjusting the value, ξ being the minimum beam selected by each user(k)Must be independently valued for each user.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the specific method for obtaining the actual channel matrix between the transmitter and the receiver from the beam set in the third step is as follows:
if there are multiple users in the same beam and the NOMA technology is used among the multiple users, the corresponding vector of the beam in the actual beam channel matrix is obtained according to the singular value decomposition method, and the specific process is as follows:
Figure FDA0002798445890000035
wherein HmA channel matrix composed of channel vectors of all users in the mth wave beam and having a dimension of NRF×|Sm|，|SmL is the number of users in the beam; hmFrom | SmL columnsVector formation, hi,mChannel vectors for the ith user in the mth beam; to pair
Figure FDA0002798445890000036
Singular value decomposition is carried out to obtain:
Figure FDA0002798445890000037
wherein, UmIs | Sm|×|SmLeft singular value decomposition matrix of | dimension, ΣmIs a diagonal matrix, VmIs NRF×NRFA right singular value decomposition matrix of the dimension;
the equivalent channel vector of the mth beam can be obtained by the following equation:
Figure FDA0002798445890000038
wherein,
Figure FDA0002798445890000041
is composed of
Figure FDA0002798445890000042
The column vectors of the left singular decomposition matrix corresponding to the largest singular values,
Figure FDA0002798445890000043
then represents the channel matrix
Figure FDA0002798445890000044
One beam vector of;
according to the zero-breaking precoding principle, the precoding matrix
Figure FDA0002798445890000045
Can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002798445890000046
wherein,
Figure FDA0002798445890000047
representing a precoding matrix
Figure FDA0002798445890000048
The nth column vector of (a) is,
Figure FDA0002798445890000049
represents the channel matrix after the beam selection,
Figure FDA00027984458900000410
to represent
Figure FDA00027984458900000411
The conjugate transpose of (c).
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the specific process of inter-cluster and intra-cluster distributed power allocation for the downlink multiple users in step five is as follows:
fifthly, carrying out power distribution among user clusters by taking the user clusters as units;
and step two, carrying out user intra-cluster power distribution by taking a user as a unit.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the specific standard for performing inter-user cluster power allocation in the fifth step using the user cluster as a unit is as follows:
the total power of the single user cluster is P/K, and the total power of the double user clusters is (2P)/K; wherein K is the total number of single-antenna users in the downlink, and P is the total transmitting power of the base station.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the specific criteria for performing intra-user cluster power allocation in the second step using users as units are as follows: the total power of the user cluster is P/K; the dual-user cluster uses a fractional power allocation scheme, and at this time, the transmission power of the ith dual-user cluster can be respectively expressed as:
Figure FDA00027984458900000412
Figure FDA00027984458900000413
wherein alpha isftpa∈[0,1]For the power allocation factor, gi(j) For equivalent channel gain, ni(j) Noise and interference.
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