CN114757585A - Method and system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns - Google Patents

Method and system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns Download PDF

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CN114757585A
CN114757585A CN202210556957.9A CN202210556957A CN114757585A CN 114757585 A CN114757585 A CN 114757585A CN 202210556957 A CN202210556957 A CN 202210556957A CN 114757585 A CN114757585 A CN 114757585A
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刘涛
彭荣熙
肖雯
曹广忠
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns. The method comprises the following steps: drawing an ecological floor map of the to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the town community ecological land of the to-be-evaluated area based on the characteristics of the town community; establishing an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and a distance matrix of a to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and an ecological land base map; respectively drawing an ecological neighborhood effect graph, an ecological vulnerability evaluation graph, an ecological function importance evaluation graph, an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph and an ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function, and determining a suitable area of at least one type of function according to the ecological suitability evaluation graph. The ecological protection area and various functional areas can be divided, the ecological sensitivity and suitability evaluation efficiency, accuracy and operability are improved, popularization and implementation are facilitated, and the zoning requirements of coordinated development of ecological, living and production spaces in village and town areas can be better met.

Description

Method and system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a method and a system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns.
Background
Ecological sensitivity and suitability evaluation are important basic works for ecological protection and planning. The ecological sensitivity refers to the degree of the ecological system reflecting the interference of human activities and the change of natural environment, and indicates the difficulty and possibility of the occurrence of regional ecological environment problems, namely the probability of the occurrence of regional ecological environment problems in each ecological system under the same influence of human activities or external force. Ecological suitability refers to the suitability degree of each region in a given land utilization mode under the guidance of emphasizing the ecological protection priority principle on the basis of the ecological sensitivity evaluation result. The village and town area, as an important population and function bearing space, faces serious problems of disordered space development, ecological environment destruction and the like under the impact of rapid industrialization and urbanization.
The current evaluation method for ecological sensitivity and suitability of the village and town areas is mostly limited to case research, is difficult to carry out generally applicable quantitative and qualitative evaluation on the interaction of ecological, living and production spaces of the village and town areas, and has low popularization; most of related data needs manual collection, which wastes time and labor and has lower efficiency. Meanwhile, the existing research generally lacks attention to the scale characteristics of the villages and towns, and an evaluation method is less proposed from the actual characteristics of the scale evaluation of the villages and towns, so that the applicability of relevant evaluation in the villages and the towns is poor, the direction and the area of optimization of the ecological space pattern of the villages and the towns are difficult to judge in practice, and technical support cannot be provided for the establishment and implementation of the national spatial planning in the villages and the towns.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the existing evaluation method for ecological sensitivity and suitability of village and town areas is difficult to universally apply, low in efficiency, lack of pertinence and the like, the inventor makes the invention and provides an evaluation method and an evaluation system for ecological suitability of functional areas of villages and towns through a specific implementation mode in order to at least partially solve the technical problems in the prior art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of a village and a town, including the following steps:
according to a classification standard of town community ecological land based on characteristics of a to-be-assessed region, drawing an ecological land base map of the to-be-assessed region, wherein the ecological land base map divides the to-be-assessed region into a plurality of grids;
establishing an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and a distance matrix of the to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land use base map;
drawing an ecological neighborhood action map according to the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and the distance matrix based on the grids in each ecological land base map;
constructing an ecological vulnerability evaluation index system, and drawing an ecological vulnerability evaluation graph according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation index;
constructing an ecological function importance evaluation index system, adjusting the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood effect graph, and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph;
superposing the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of a to-be-evaluated area, and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph;
and constructing a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing an ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function.
Specifically, the establishing of the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land base map comprises the following steps:
according to the classification standard of the ecological land used in the village and town communities in the area to be assessed, at least one type of land used under the ecological function land used in the ecological land base map is recorded as an ecological risk receptor and an ecological influence main body, and at least one type of land used in the ecological interference land used under the ecological land base map is selected and recorded as an ecological influence main body;
and evaluating the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor to obtain the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the to-be-evaluated area.
Specifically, the method for evaluating the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor to obtain the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the area to be evaluated comprises the following steps:
respectively setting the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance index of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor;
obtaining the score of each neighborhood action intensity index and neighborhood action distance index through a scoring system based on the village and town community characteristics of the area to be scored;
determining a correction score of each neighborhood action intensity index or neighborhood action distance index through the following expression;
Figure BDA0003652585600000021
wherein j is the index number, f is the number of fractional dimensionality, k is the number of fractional dimensionality, vkjTo be the score of the index j in the score dimension k,
Figure BDA0003652585600000031
is the average of the scores of the index j, zkjA first intermediate quantity of index j in fractional dimension k;
Figure BDA0003652585600000032
in the formula, PkjA second intermediate quantity of the index j in the fractional dimension k;
Figure BDA0003652585600000033
in the formula, wkjIn the fractional dimension for the index jA third intermediate amount at k;
Figure BDA0003652585600000034
in the formula, VjIs the correction score of the index j;
determining an ecological land space neighborhood action distance matrix of a to-be-evaluated area according to the correction score of each ecological influence main body on the ecological land space neighborhood action distance index of each ecological risk receptor;
and determining an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity matrix of the area to be evaluated according to the correction score of each ecological influence main body on the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity index of each ecological risk receptor.
Specifically, the method for drawing the ecological neighborhood effect map based on the grids in each ecological land use base map and according to the ecological land use space neighborhood effect strength and distance matrix comprises the following steps:
respectively determining neighborhood land types with neighborhood effects on each grid in the to-be-evaluated area according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect distance matrix, and respectively determining the neighborhood effect strength of each neighborhood land type on each grid according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect strength matrix;
recording the neighborhood land types without neighborhood effects as 1 for the neighborhood effect strength of the grid;
multiplying neighborhood action intensity generated by the land type of each neighborhood in each grid respectively to obtain an ecological neighborhood action coefficient corresponding to each grid;
and determining an ecological neighborhood effect map according to the ecological neighborhood effect coefficient of each grid.
Specifically, the constructing of an ecological vulnerability assessment index system and the drawing of an ecological vulnerability assessment chart according to the ecological vulnerability assessment index comprise the following steps:
classifying the ecological risks of the area to be evaluated;
establishing a hierarchical assignment relationship of ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to each ecological risk category, and determining the ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to each ecological risk category of each grid;
determining the maximum value of the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk classification in each grid as the ecological vulnerability evaluation index of the corresponding grid;
and drawing an ecological vulnerability evaluation graph according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation index of each grid in the area to be evaluated.
Specifically, the establishing of a hierarchical assignment relationship of the ecological vulnerability indicators corresponding to each ecological risk category and the determining of the ecological vulnerability indicators corresponding to each ecological risk category of each grid include the following steps:
setting at least one grading index under the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk category;
establishing a hierarchical assignment relationship for assigning according to the hierarchical indexes;
determining an ecological vulnerability indicator for each of said ecological risk categories for each grid using the following formula,
Figure BDA0003652585600000041
in the formula, VULdEcological vulnerability index, VUL, corresponding to each grid d ecological risk classificationdBy MdD is the ecological risk number, MdThe number of grading indexes under d ecological risk classification, SmdAnd d, grading assignment scores of the mth grading index under the ecological risk classification, wherein m is a grading index number.
Specifically, the establishing of the ecological function importance evaluation index system, the adjusting of the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood effect graph, and the drawing of the ecological function importance evaluation graph include the following steps:
calculating each ecological function importance primary index corresponding to each grid according to each ecological function calculation formula;
according to the ecological neighborhood effect graph, carrying out numerical correction and normalization operation on the ecological function importance primary index;
calculating the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid in the area to be evaluated by using the following formula,
Figure BDA0003652585600000042
in the formula, IMPiSIMP as an evaluation index of ecological function importance of grid inNormalizing each ecological function importance value corresponding to the grid n and adding the normalized values to obtain a numerical value, SIMPn≥SIMPn+1I and N are grid numbers, and N is the number of all grids in the area to be evaluated;
and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph according to the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid in the to-be-evaluated area.
Specifically, the step of superposing the ecological vulnerability assessment chart and the ecological function importance assessment chart, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the area to be assessed, and drawing the ecological sensitivity assessment chart comprises the following steps:
inputting the numerical values of the ecological vulnerability evaluation index and the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid of the to-be-evaluated area into the following formula according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, and determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the corresponding grid;
Figure BDA0003652585600000051
in the formula, SENiThe ecological vulnerability evaluation index VUL of the grid i is the ecological sensitivity degree of the grid i, i is the grid numberiEvaluation index IMP of ecological function importanceiComparing the values, taking the larger value as the ecological sensitivity evaluation score of the grid i, and according to the ecological sensitivity evaluation score, obtaining the ecological sensitivity evaluation scoreThe ecological sensitivity degree is divided into three categories, namely, the ecological sensitivity degree is extremely high, high and general;
and determining an ecological protection area and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph according to the ecological sensitivity degree of each grid of the area to be evaluated.
Specifically, a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system is constructed, ecological suitability of each type of function is determined by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and the ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function is drawn, and the method comprises the following steps:
constructing a rural functional area suitability evaluation index system, wherein the rural functional area comprises a planting production area, an animal husbandry production area, a fishery production area, an industrial production area, a service industry production area and a residential living area;
determining the region formed by the grids with extremely high ecological sensitivity degree as an ecological protection region according to the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph of the region to be evaluated;
ecological suitability evaluation of each type of function is carried out in an area with high ecological sensitivity or formed by a common grid;
and drawing an ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function according to the ecological suitability evaluation of each type of function.
Specifically, still include:
and determining a suitable area of at least one type of function according to the ecological suitability evaluation graph.
Specifically, the method for establishing the classification standard of the ecological land for the village community based on the characteristics of the village community in the area to be evaluated comprises the following steps:
carrying out large-class division on land used in the area to be evaluated, wherein the large classes comprise ecological functional land used and ecological interference land used;
performing middle-class division on the large classes, wherein the underground middle classes for the ecological functions comprise forest lands, grasslands, garden lands, cultivated lands, water beaches and bare lands, and the underground middle classes for the ecological interference comprise roads and construction lands;
and classifying the medium classes into subclasses, wherein the subclasses under the roads comprise rural roads, urban internal roads, county roads and roads below, provincial roads, national roads, expressways and railway track traffic, and the subclasses under the construction sites comprise industrial and mining sites, residential sites, public management and public service sites, traffic site sites, commercial service facility sites, logistics storage sites and facility agricultural sites.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability in villages and towns, including:
the ecological land classification standard establishing module is used for classifying land used in the to-be-evaluated area based on the characteristics of village and town communities in the to-be-evaluated area, and specifically comprises the following steps: dividing the land used in the area to be evaluated into a large class, wherein the large class comprises an ecological function land and an ecological interference land, dividing the large class into a middle class, wherein the middle class under the ecological function land comprises a forest land, a grassland, a garden land, a cultivated land, a water area beach and a bare land desert, the middle class under the ecological interference land comprises a road and a construction land, and dividing the middle class into a small class, wherein the small class under the road comprises a rural road, an inside road of a town and country, a road below, a provincial road, a national road, a highway and railway track traffic, and the small class under the construction land comprises an industrial and mining land, a residential land, a public management and public service land, a traffic yard station land, a commercial service facility land, a logistics storage land and a facility agricultural land;
the ecological land base map drawing module is used for drawing an ecological land base map of the to-be-evaluated area according to a classification standard of the town community based on the characteristics of the to-be-evaluated area, and the ecological land base map divides the to-be-evaluated area into a plurality of grids;
the neighborhood action matrix determining module is used for establishing a neighborhood action intensity and a distance matrix of the ecological land space of the area to be evaluated according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land base map;
the ecological neighborhood effect map drawing module is used for drawing an ecological neighborhood effect map according to ecological land space neighborhood effect strength and a distance matrix based on the grids in each ecological land base map;
the ecological vulnerability assessment graph drawing module is used for constructing an ecological vulnerability assessment index system and drawing an ecological vulnerability assessment graph according to the ecological vulnerability assessment index;
the ecological function importance evaluation graph drawing module is used for constructing an ecological function importance evaluation index system, adjusting the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood action graph and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph;
the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph drawing module is used for superposing the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of a to-be-evaluated area and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph;
the ecological suitability evaluation graph drawing module is used for constructing a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing the ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function;
and the function suitable region determining module is used for determining a suitable region of at least one type of functions according to the ecological suitability evaluation graph.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
by establishing classification standards of the village and town community ecological land, evaluation can be provided according to actual characteristics of the villages and towns, the land types are conveniently combined with grid management by drawing ecological land base maps, the evaluation accuracy and applicability are improved, the neighborhood effects of various land types are further quantized by establishing neighborhood effect strength and distance matrixes, the evaluation accuracy and operability are improved, the quantitative indexes are converted into character evaluation, the popularization and implementation of the technical scheme are facilitated, ecological protection areas and various functional areas can be divided by drawing ecological neighborhood effect maps, ecological vulnerability evaluation maps, ecological function importance evaluation maps, ecological sensitivity evaluation maps and ecological suitability evaluation maps, the evaluation efficiency, accuracy and objectivity are improved, and various ecological risks, various ecological functions and village and town production and living functions can be comprehensively analyzed in a hierarchical manner, can better meet the zoning requirements of coordinated development of ecological, living and production spaces in villages and small towns.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of a method for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of a village and a town in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the ecological neighborhood of the Longting town in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the evaluation of ecological vulnerability of the Longting town in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the evaluation of ecological function importance of Longting town in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the ecological sensitivity evaluation of the Longting town in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the evaluation of ecological suitability of the production of the Longting suppression service in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns.
Example one
In this embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to fig. 1-7 by taking the imperial town of Shandong province as an example, and the overall flow is shown in fig. 1.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns, the flow of which is shown in figure 2, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the classification standard of the ecological land of the village and town community based on the characteristics of the village and town community of the area to be assessed, an ecological land base map of the area to be assessed is drawn, and the ecological land base map divides the area to be assessed into a plurality of grids.
Specifically, the method for establishing the classification standard of the ecological land for the village community based on the characteristics of the village community in the area to be evaluated comprises the following steps:
classifying the land used in the to-be-evaluated area based on the characteristics of village and town communities in the to-be-evaluated area, and specifically comprising the following steps:
dividing land utilization in an area to be assessed into a large category, wherein the large category comprises ecological functional land utilization and ecological interference land utilization;
performing middle-class division on the large classes, wherein the underground middle classes for the ecological functions comprise forest lands, grasslands, garden lands, cultivated lands, water beaches and bare lands, and the underground middle classes for the ecological interference comprise roads and construction lands;
and classifying the medium classes into subclasses, wherein the subclasses under the roads comprise rural roads, urban internal roads, county roads and roads below, provincial roads, national roads, expressways and railway track traffic, and the subclasses under the construction sites comprise industrial and mining sites, residential sites, public management and public service sites, traffic site sites, commercial service facility sites, logistics storage sites and facility agricultural sites.
For example, in the Shandong province Longting town, classification standards of ecological land of village and town communities are determined, and an ecological land base map of an area to be evaluated is formed according to the standards. Specifically, as shown in table 1 below, the major, middle and minor categories of the ecological land classification criteria are shown. The classification is performed according to the correspondence shown in table 1. For convenience of explanation, in the present embodiment, only the categories are distinguished; because the neighborhood effect difference of rural roads and other roads is large, the rural roads and other roads are also considered as a class independently. Based on the classification method, the ecological map of the Shandong province, the Longting town is drawn.
TABLE 1 classification standard of village and town community ecological utilization
Figure BDA0003652585600000081
Figure BDA0003652585600000091
Step S2: and establishing an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and a distance matrix of the to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land use base map.
The neighborhood action intensity refers to the degree of influence of various land types on the ecological functions of other land types in a certain range around; the neighborhood action distance refers to the farthest distance when various land types generate neighborhood action on other land types in a certain range of the periphery, and after the distance is exceeded, the neighborhood action is not generated between the two land types; furthermore, the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix is a specific numerical value used for determining the intensity and range of the space neighborhood action among various ecological lands.
Specifically, the establishing of the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land of the to-be-evaluated area and the ecological land base map comprises the following steps:
according to the classification standard of the ecological land used in the village and town communities in the area to be assessed, at least one type of land used under the ecological function land used in the ecological land base map is recorded as an ecological risk receptor and an ecological influence main body, and at least one type of land used in the ecological interference land used under the ecological land base map is selected and recorded as an ecological influence main body;
and evaluating the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor to obtain an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the area to be evaluated.
Specifically, the method for evaluating the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor to obtain the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the area to be evaluated comprises the following steps:
respectively setting the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance index of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor;
obtaining the score of each neighborhood action intensity index and neighborhood action distance index through a scoring system based on the village and town community characteristics of the area to be scored;
determining a correction score of each neighborhood action strength index or neighborhood action distance index through the following expression;
Figure BDA0003652585600000101
wherein j is the index number, f is the number of fractional dimensionality, k is the number of fractional dimensionality, vkjTo be the score of the index j in the score dimension k,
Figure BDA0003652585600000102
is the average of the scores of the index j, zkjA first intermediate quantity of index j in fractional dimension k;
Figure BDA0003652585600000103
in the formula, PkjA second intermediate quantity of the index j in the fractional dimension k;
Figure BDA0003652585600000104
in the formula, wkjA third intermediate quantity of the index j in the fractional dimension k;
Figure BDA0003652585600000105
in the formula, VjIs the correction score of the index j;
and determining an ecological land space neighborhood action distance matrix of the area to be evaluated according to the correction score of each ecological influence main body on the ecological land space neighborhood action distance index of each ecological risk receptor. As shown in table 2, the first row is an ecological risk receptor, the first column is an ecological impact subject, and the number in the table is the farthest distance that the corresponding ecological impact subject in the first column can exert a neighborhood effect on the corresponding ecological risk receptor in the first row.
TABLE 2 village and town community ecological land space neighborhood range matrix (unit: meter)
Figure BDA0003652585600000106
Figure BDA0003652585600000111
And determining an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity matrix of the to-be-evaluated area according to the correction score of each ecological influence main body on the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity index of each ecological risk receptor. As shown in table 3, the first row is an ecological risk receptor, the first column is an ecological influencing subject, and the number in the table is the neighborhood action strength of the corresponding ecological influencing subject in the first column on the corresponding ecological risk receptor in the first row.
TABLE 3 village and town Community ecological land space neighborhood action intensity matrix
Risk receptor Woodlands Grass land Cultivation of land Garden ground Waters/mudflats Bare land/desert
Woodlands 1.000 1.267 1.267 1.167 1.433 1.600
Grass land 0.867 1.000 0.933 0.933 1.267 1.367
Cultivation of land 0.767 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.933 1.100
Garden ground 0.833 1.000 1.267 1.000 1.233 1.200
Waters/mudflats 1.433 1.433 1.333 1.367 1.000 1.533
Bare land/desert 0.700 0.833 0.767 0.733 0.733 1.000
Road 0.867 0.933 0.833 0.900 0.933 0.967
Land for construction 0.633 0.700 0.767 0.700 0.633 0.900
Rural road 0.960 0.980 0.950 0.970 0.980 0.990
Step S3: and drawing an ecological neighborhood effect map according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect strength and the distance matrix based on the grids in each ecological land base map.
Specifically, the method for drawing the ecological neighborhood effect map based on the grids in each ecological land use base map and according to the ecological land use space neighborhood effect strength and distance matrix comprises the following steps:
respectively determining neighborhood land types with neighborhood effects on each grid in the to-be-evaluated area according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect distance matrix, and respectively determining the neighborhood effect strength of each neighborhood land type on each grid according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect strength matrix;
recording the neighborhood land types without neighborhood effects and the neighborhood effect strength of the grids as 1;
multiplying the neighborhood action strength generated by the land type of each neighborhood in each grid respectively to obtain an ecological neighborhood action coefficient corresponding to each grid;
and determining an ecological neighborhood effect map according to the ecological neighborhood effect coefficient of each grid.
In this embodiment, the calculation performed in the ArcGIS 10.4 software is taken as an example to explain the calculation steps and the method thereof, and specifically:
according to the neighborhood action distance of various land types in the village and town community ecological land space neighborhood action distance matrix in the table 2 to the surrounding land, a buffer area module under a geographic processing menu in ArcGIS is applied, the input element is set as an influence main body layer, the distance is set as the neighborhood action distance of the influence main body layer to a target risk receptor layer, and a plurality of influence main body-risk receptor influence range layers are generated.
Applying an intersection module under a geographic processing menu in ArcGIS, setting an input element as an influence main body-risk receptor influence range layer and a target risk receptor layer, and generating a plurality of neighborhood action layers; and adding an 'impact' column in the attribute table of each neighborhood action layer, and carrying out corresponding assignment according to the village and town community ecological land space neighborhood action intensity matrix.
Applying a combination module under a geographic processing menu in ArcGIS, setting input elements as various neighborhood action layers and a Longting town blank base map (an 'impact' column in an attribute table is set to be 1), and generating an output layer; and changing the value of 0 of the impact in each row into 1 in the output layer, and multiplying the impact of each row to obtain the final ecological neighborhood effect coefficient and ecological neighborhood effect layer. The ecological neighborhood effect map is shown in fig. 3, wherein the ecological neighborhood effect coefficient is larger in a region with lighter color, the ecological neighborhood effect coefficient is smaller in a region with darker color, the highest ecological neighborhood effect coefficient is 4.02, and the lowest ecological neighborhood effect coefficient is 0.24.
Step S4: and constructing an ecological vulnerability evaluation index system, and drawing an ecological vulnerability evaluation chart according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation index.
Specifically, the constructing of an ecological vulnerability assessment index system and the drawing of an ecological vulnerability assessment chart according to the ecological vulnerability assessment index comprise the following steps:
classifying the ecological risks of the area to be evaluated;
establishing a hierarchical assignment relationship of ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to each ecological risk category, and determining the ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to each ecological risk category of each grid;
determining the maximum value of the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk classification in each grid as the ecological vulnerability evaluation index of the corresponding grid;
and drawing an ecological vulnerability evaluation graph according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation index of each grid in the area to be evaluated.
Specifically, the establishing of a hierarchical assignment relationship of the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk category and the determining of the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk category of each grid includes the following steps:
setting at least one grading index under the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk category;
establishing a hierarchical assignment relationship for assigning according to the hierarchical indexes;
determining an ecological vulnerability indicator for each of said ecological risk classifications for each grid using the following formula,
Figure BDA0003652585600000131
in the formula, VULdEcological vulnerability index, VUL, corresponding to each grid d ecological risk classificationdBy MdD is the ecological risk number, MdThe number of classification indexes under d ecological risk classification, SmdGrading assignment score of the mth grading index under d ecological risk classification, wherein m is grading index number。
For example, the ecological risks of the Longting town of Shandong province are classified into water loss, soil erosion, stony desertification, desertification and salinization. STLS, SMH, SH and YZH respectively represent the ecological risk numbers of water and soil loss, stony desertification, desertification and salinization.
Taking the calculation of water and soil loss vulnerability as an example, the water and soil loss vulnerability is determined by rainfall erosion force, soil erodibility, terrain factors and vegetation coverage factors, and the specific equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003652585600000132
in the formula, VULSTLS,iThe ecological vulnerability index corresponding to the water and soil loss ecological risk of the grid i; i is the grid number, Ri、Ki、TiAnd CiIs 4 grading indexes R under the ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to the water and soil loss ecological risks of the grid iiThe rainfall erosion force fraction of the ecological risk of water and soil loss of the grid i is represented by annual average rainfall; k isiThe soil erodibility fraction of the ecological risk of water and soil loss of the grid i is related to soil physicochemical properties such as soil texture, soil organic matter content, soil body structure and permeability, and is characterized by soil type; t isiThe grade of the topographic relief of the ecological risk of water and soil loss of the grid i, namely the maximum height difference within a certain distance range of the ground (set to 100 meters in the embodiment); ciThe fraction of vegetation coverage, which is the ecological risk of water and soil loss of grid i, is related to the vegetation type and coverage and is characterized by vegetation coverage. The grading assignment mode of 4 ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to the water and soil loss ecological risk is shown in table 4. For example, if the rainfall erosion force of the ecological risk of water and soil loss of grid i is 200, which belongs to the interval of the first column 100-600 in Table 4, R isiIs 3, if the soil type of the grid i is silt, which belongs to the interval of the second row of silt and silt in the table 4, then KiIs 5, similarly, T is determined according to Table 4iAnd Ci. Unifying each index into raster data with 5m resolution, and obtaining each raster index according to grading assignmentAnd (4) performing target scoring, namely multiplying the scores of rainfall erosion force, soil erodibility, terrain relief degree and vegetation coverage degree by an ArcGIS grid calculator, and then performing quadratic power division to obtain an ecological vulnerability index corresponding to the water and soil loss ecological risk of the unit grid.
Table 4 grading assignment table of grading index under ecological vulnerability index corresponding to water and soil loss ecological risk
Figure BDA0003652585600000133
Figure BDA0003652585600000141
Similarly, the grade indices under ecological vulnerability indices corresponding to ecological risks of stony desertification, desertification and salinization were determined according to table 5.
TABLE 5 hierarchical assignment table of hierarchical indexes under ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to ecological risks of stony desertification, desertification and salinization
Figure BDA0003652585600000142
And performing spatial superposition analysis on the four types of vulnerability calculation results, wherein the ecological vulnerability index of each grid is calculated according to the following formula:
VUL＝max(VULSTLS,VULSMH,VULSH,VULYZH)
in the formula, VUL is a grid ecological vulnerability evaluation indexSTLS,VULSMH,VULSH,VULYZHRespectively corresponding to the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to the water and soil loss ecological risk of the grid, the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to the stony desertification ecological risk, the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to the desertification ecological risk and the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to the salinization ecological risk. VUL samplingSTLS,VULSMH,VULSH,VULYZHAnd recording the medium maximum value as an ecological vulnerability evaluation index of the corresponding grid.
And drawing an ecological vulnerability evaluation graph according to the ecological vulnerability indexes of each grid. Fig. 4 shows an ecological vulnerability assessment diagram, in which black indicates that the area is ecologically vulnerable, and white indicates that the area is not ecologically vulnerable.
Step S5: and constructing an ecological function importance evaluation index system, adjusting the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood action graph, and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph.
Specifically, the establishing of the ecological function importance evaluation index system, the adjusting of the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood effect graph, and the drawing of the ecological function importance evaluation graph include the following steps:
calculating each ecological function importance primary index corresponding to each grid according to each ecological function calculation formula;
according to the ecological neighborhood effect graph, carrying out numerical correction and normalization operation on the ecological function importance primary index;
calculating the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid in the area to be evaluated by using the following formula,
Figure BDA0003652585600000151
in the formula, IMPiSIMP, an evaluation index of ecological function importance of grid inNormalizing each ecological function importance value corresponding to the grid n and adding the normalized values to obtain a numerical value SIMPn≥SIMPn+1I and N are grid numbers, and N is the number of all grids in the area to be evaluated;
and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph according to the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid in the area to be evaluated.
For example, the importance of three ecological functions of water conservation, water and soil conservation and wind and sand prevention is taken as an example for evaluation, and a value grid diagram of each ecological function is calculated according to the calculation formulas of each function of water conservation, water and soil conservation and wind and sand prevention.
Taking the importance of the water source conservation function as an example, the water source conservation quantity is the precipitation minus the evaporation quantity and the surface runoff, and the calculation formula of the conservation quantity of each grid water source is a water balance formula:
TQi＝(Pi-Ri-ETi)*Ai*103
wherein, TQiConservation of Water source for grid i (m)3)，PiRainfall (mm), R for grid iiSurface runoff (mm), ET for grid iiThe evapotranspiration (mm) of grid i, AiIs the grid area (m) of grid i2Here 25m2) And i is the grid number. The calculation mode of the surface runoff is the product of rainfall and the surface runoff coefficient, and the surface runoff coefficient has larger difference according to different vegetation types in different ecological systems. The average surface runoff coefficients corresponding to the types of ecological land are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 surface runoff coefficient table of types of ecological land
Type of land used Average surface runoff coefficient (%)
Woodlands 1.33
Grass land 15.00
Garden ground 4.17
Cultivation of land 9.37
In waters or beaches 0
Others are 100
And unifying rainfall, surface runoff and evapotranspiration into grid data with the resolution of 5 meters, and calculating the water source conservation quantity of each grid in an ArcGIS grid calculator according to a water balance equation.
And performing numerical correction on various ecological function value grids according to the map layer of the ecological neighborhood effect of the space for the village and town community to obtain a corrected value grid map of various ecological functions.
In ArcGIS, a grid calculator is used to input a formula 'Int (([ grid data of a certain function ] - [ minimum value of certain function grid data ])/([ maximum value of certain function grid data ] - [ minimum value of certain function grid data ]) 100)', and a value grid map after each ecological function is normalized is obtained;
and respectively sequencing all grids in the normalized value of each type of ecological functions from high to low, calculating the accumulated value, sequentially dividing all the grids into five levels of high, medium, low and low by taking the accumulated value reaching 30%, 50%, 70% and 85% as boundary points, forming evaluation results of the importance levels of various types of ecological service functions, and respectively assigning the evaluation results to 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1. Similarly, for the ecological function importance comprehensive grade, adding grid values in various values after the ecological functions are normalized, then sequencing and calculating the accumulated values from high to low, taking the accumulated values up to 30%, 50%, 70% and 85% as demarcation points, sequentially dividing all grids into five grades of high, medium, low and low to form ecological function importance evaluation results, respectively assigning values to 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1, and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph. Fig. 5 shows an ecological function importance evaluation graph in which the lighter the color of the region, the higher the ecological function importance, and the darker the color of the region, the lower the ecological function importance.
Step S6: and superposing the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the area to be evaluated, and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph.
Specifically, the step of superposing the ecological vulnerability assessment chart and the ecological function importance assessment chart, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the area to be assessed, and drawing the ecological sensitivity assessment chart comprises the following steps:
inputting the numerical values of the ecological vulnerability evaluation index and the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid of the to-be-evaluated area into the following formula according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, and determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the corresponding grid;
Figure BDA0003652585600000161
in the formula, SENiThe ecological vulnerability evaluation index VUL of the grid i is the ecological susceptibility degree of the grid i, i is the grid numberiEvaluation index IMP of ecological function importanceiAnd (4) carrying out numerical comparison, taking a larger numerical value as an ecological sensitivity evaluation score of the grid i, and dividing the ecological sensitivity into three categories according to the ecological sensitivity evaluation score, wherein the three categories are respectively extremely high, high and general in ecological sensitivity.
And determining an ecological protection area and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph according to the ecological sensitivity degree of each grid of the area to be evaluated. The ecological sensitivity evaluation chart is shown in fig. 6, in which the ecological sensitivity degree in the black area is general, the ecological sensitivity degree in the light area is high, and the ecological sensitivity degree in the white area is extremely high. And determining the area formed by the grids with extremely high ecological sensitivity as an ecological protection area.
Step S7: and constructing a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing an ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps of constructing a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing the ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function, wherein the ecological suitability evaluation graph comprises the following steps:
constructing a rural functional area suitability evaluation index system, wherein the rural functional area comprises a planting production area, an animal husbandry production area, a fishery production area, an industrial production area, a service industry production area and a residential living area;
determining the region formed by the grids with extremely high ecological sensitivity degree as an ecological protection region according to the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph of the region to be evaluated;
ecological suitability evaluation of each type of function is carried out in an area with high ecological sensitivity or formed by a common grid;
and drawing an ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function according to the ecological suitability evaluation of each type of function.
Taking the service industry production as an example, the initial judgment of the ecological suitability of the service industry production is carried out according to the ecological sensitivity evaluation result and the plaque distance from the nearest residential point, and the initial judgment of the suitability grade is carried out according to the rule of the table 7.
TABLE 7 initial judgment matrix for ecological suitability partition for service industry production
Figure BDA0003652585600000171
Further, the initial judgment level is adjusted and corrected according to the occupied area ratio of the residential land within 1 kilometer radius at each point, the correction rule is shown in table 8, and the ecological suitability evaluation graph of the service industry production is generated without further correction of the less suitable level.
TABLE 8 ecological suitability reference discrimination matrix for service industry production
Figure BDA0003652585600000172
Fig. 7 shows an ecological suitability evaluation chart of service industry production, in which the ecological suitability of service industry production is lower in a region with lighter color and the ecological suitability of service industry production is higher in a region with darker color.
Step S8: and determining a suitable area of at least one type of function according to the ecological suitability evaluation graph.
In the method, by establishing the classification standard of the ecological land of the village and town community, evaluation can be provided according to the actual characteristics of the village and town, the land type is conveniently combined with rasterization management by drawing an ecological land base map, the accuracy and the applicability of the evaluation are improved, the neighborhood effects of various land types are further quantized by establishing a neighborhood effect strength and a distance matrix, the evaluation accuracy and the operability are improved, the quantitative indexes are converted into character evaluation, the popularization and the implementation of the technical scheme are facilitated, the ecological protection area and various functional areas can be divided by drawing an ecological neighborhood effect map, an ecological vulnerability evaluation map, an ecological function importance evaluation map, an ecological sensitivity evaluation map and an ecological suitability evaluation map, the evaluation efficiency, the accuracy and the objectivity of the evaluation are improved, and various ecological risks, the ecological risks and the like can be detected, The comprehensive analysis of various ecological functions and production and living functions of villages and small towns is carried out hierarchically, and the zoning requirements of coordinated development of ecological, living and production spaces in villages and small towns can be better met.
One skilled in the art can vary the order described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
Example two
The second embodiment of the present invention provides a system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns, the structure of which is shown in fig. 8, and the system comprises:
the ecological land classification standard establishing module 100 is used for classifying land used in the to-be-evaluated area based on the characteristics of village and town communities in the to-be-evaluated area, and specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of dividing land used in an area to be evaluated into a large class including an ecological function land and an ecological interference land, dividing the large class into a middle class, wherein the middle class under the ecological function land includes a forest land, a grassland, a garden land, a cultivated land, a water beach and a bare land desert, the middle class under the ecological interference land includes a road and a construction land, and dividing the middle class into a small class, wherein the small class under the road includes a rural road, an inside road of a town and country, a road below, a provincial road, a national road, a highway and railway track traffic, and the small class under the construction land includes an industrial and mining land, a residential land, a public management and public service land, a traffic yard and station land, a commercial service facility land, a logistics storage land and a facility agricultural land.
The ecological land base map drawing module 101 is used for drawing an ecological land base map of the to-be-evaluated area according to a classification standard of town community ecological land based on characteristics of the to-be-evaluated area, and the ecological land base map divides the to-be-evaluated area into a plurality of grids;
a neighborhood action matrix determining module 102, configured to establish a neighborhood action intensity and a distance matrix of an ecological land space of the to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land base map;
the ecological neighborhood action map drawing module 103 is used for drawing an ecological neighborhood action map according to the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and the distance matrix based on the grids in each ecological land base map;
the ecological vulnerability assessment graph drawing module 104 is used for constructing an ecological vulnerability assessment index system and drawing an ecological vulnerability assessment graph according to the ecological vulnerability assessment index;
an ecological function importance evaluation graph drawing module 105, configured to construct an ecological function importance evaluation index system, adjust the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood action graph, and draw an ecological function importance evaluation graph;
an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph drawing module 106, configured to superimpose the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, determine an ecological sensitivity degree of the area to be evaluated, and draw an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph;
the ecological suitability evaluation graph drawing module 107 is used for constructing a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing the ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function;
and a function suitable region determining module 108, configured to determine a suitable region for at least one type of function according to the ecological suitability evaluation map.
With regard to the system in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs the operation has been described in detail in the embodiment related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.
In the method, by establishing the classification standard of the ecological land of the village and town community, evaluation can be provided according to the actual characteristics of the village and town, the land type is conveniently combined with rasterization management by drawing an ecological land base map, the accuracy and the applicability of the evaluation are improved, the neighborhood effects of various land types are further quantized by establishing a neighborhood effect strength and a distance matrix, the evaluation accuracy and the operability are improved, the quantitative indexes are converted into character evaluation, the popularization and the implementation of the technical scheme are facilitated, the ecological protection area and various functional areas can be divided by drawing an ecological neighborhood effect map, an ecological vulnerability evaluation map, an ecological function importance evaluation map, an ecological sensitivity evaluation map and an ecological suitability evaluation map, the evaluation efficiency, the accuracy and the objectivity of the evaluation are improved, and various ecological risks, the ecological risks and the like can be detected, A plurality of ecological functions and production and living functions of villages and small towns are comprehensively analyzed hierarchically, and the zoning requirements of coordinated development of ecological, living and production spaces of village and small towns can be better met.
Any modifications, additions, and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the invention should fall within the scope of the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims (12)

1. A method for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to a classification standard of the town community characteristics of the to-be-evaluated region, drawing an ecological land base map of the to-be-evaluated region, wherein the ecological land base map divides the to-be-evaluated region into a plurality of grids;
establishing an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and a distance matrix of the to-be-evaluated area according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land use base map;
drawing an ecological neighborhood effect map according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect strength and the distance matrix based on the grids in each ecological land base map;
constructing an ecological vulnerability evaluation index system, and drawing an ecological vulnerability evaluation graph according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation index;
constructing an ecological function importance evaluation index system, adjusting the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood effect graph, and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph;
superposing the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the area to be evaluated, and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph;
and constructing a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing an ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the establishing of the ecological land space neighborhood action strength and distance matrix of the area to be assessed according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land base map comprises the following steps:
according to the classification standard of the ecological land of the village and town community in the area to be assessed, at least one type of underground medium-class land used for the ecological function in the ecological land base map is recorded as an ecological risk receptor and an ecological influence main body, and at least one type of land used from the underground medium-class and subclass used for the ecological interference in the ecological land base map is selected as the ecological influence main body;
and evaluating the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor to obtain an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the area to be evaluated.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said evaluating the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance of each said ecological influencing agent to each said ecological risk receptor to obtain the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance matrix of the area to be evaluated comprises the steps of:
respectively setting the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity and distance index of each ecological influence main body to each ecological risk receptor;
obtaining the score of each neighborhood action intensity index and neighborhood action distance index through a scoring system based on the village and town community characteristics of the area to be scored;
determining a correction score of each neighborhood action intensity index or neighborhood action distance index through the following expression;
Figure FDA0003652585590000021
wherein j is the index number, f is the number of fractional dimensionality, k is the number of fractional dimensionality, vkjTo be the score of the index j in the score dimension k,
Figure FDA0003652585590000022
is the average of the scores of the index j, zkjA first intermediate quantity of the index j in a fractional dimension k;
Figure FDA0003652585590000023
in the formula, PkjA second intermediate quantity of the index j in the fractional dimension k;
Figure FDA0003652585590000024
in the formula, wkjA third intermediate quantity of the index j in the fractional dimension k;
Figure FDA0003652585590000025
in the formula, VjIs the correction score of the index j;
determining an ecological land use space neighborhood action distance matrix of a to-be-evaluated area according to the correction score of each ecological influence main body on the ecological land use space neighborhood action distance index of each ecological risk receptor;
and determining an ecological land space neighborhood action intensity matrix of the area to be evaluated according to the correction score of each ecological influence main body on the ecological land space neighborhood action intensity index of each ecological risk receptor.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said drawing an ecological neighborhood effect map based on grids in each of said ecological groundmap according to ecological groundspace neighborhood effect strength and distance matrix, comprises the steps of:
respectively determining neighborhood land types with neighborhood effects on each grid in the to-be-evaluated area according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect distance matrix, and respectively determining the neighborhood effect strength of each neighborhood land type on each grid according to the ecological land space neighborhood effect strength matrix;
recording the neighborhood land types without neighborhood effects as 1 for the neighborhood effect strength of the grid;
multiplying neighborhood action intensity generated by the land type of each neighborhood in each grid respectively to obtain an ecological neighborhood action coefficient corresponding to each grid;
and determining an ecological neighborhood action map according to the ecological neighborhood action coefficient of each grid.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of constructing an ecological vulnerability assessment index system and drawing an ecological vulnerability assessment chart according to the ecological vulnerability assessment index comprises the following steps:
classifying the ecological risks of the area to be evaluated;
establishing a hierarchical assignment relationship of ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to each ecological risk category, and determining the ecological vulnerability indexes corresponding to each ecological risk category of each grid;
determining the maximum value of the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk classification in each grid as the ecological vulnerability evaluation index of the corresponding grid;
and drawing an ecological vulnerability evaluation graph according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation index of each grid in the area to be evaluated.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the establishing of the hierarchical assignment relationship of the ecological vulnerability indicators corresponding to each of the ecological risk categories and the determining of the ecological vulnerability indicators corresponding to each of the ecological risk categories of each grid comprises the steps of:
setting at least one grading index under the ecological vulnerability index corresponding to each ecological risk category;
establishing a hierarchical assignment relationship for assigning according to the hierarchical indexes;
determining an ecological vulnerability indicator for each of said ecological risk categories for each grid using the following formula,
Figure FDA0003652585590000031
in the formula, VULdEcological vulnerability index, VUL, corresponding to each grid d ecological risk classificationdFrom MdD is the ecological risk number, MdThe number of classification indexes under d ecological risk classification, SmdFor the classification of the m-th grading index under the d ecological risk classificationAnd (5) grading value score, wherein m is grading index number.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing an ecological function importance evaluation index system, adjusting the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood effect map, and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation map comprises the following steps:
calculating each ecological function importance primary index corresponding to each grid according to each ecological function calculation formula;
according to the ecological neighborhood effect graph, carrying out numerical correction and normalization operation on the ecological function importance primary index;
calculating the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid in the area to be evaluated by using the following formula,
Figure FDA0003652585590000041
in the formula, IMPiSIMP as an evaluation index of ecological function importance of grid inNormalizing each ecological function importance value corresponding to the grid n and adding the normalized values to obtain a numerical value SIMPn≥SIMPn+1I and N are grid numbers, and N is the number of all grids in the area to be evaluated;
and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph according to the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid in the to-be-evaluated area.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of superposing the ecological vulnerability assessment chart and the ecological function importance assessment chart, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the area to be assessed and drawing the ecological sensitivity assessment chart comprise the following steps:
inputting the numerical values of the ecological vulnerability evaluation index and the ecological function importance evaluation index of each grid of the to-be-evaluated area into the following formula according to the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, and determining the ecological sensitivity degree of the corresponding grid;
Figure FDA0003652585590000042
in the formula, SENiThe ecological vulnerability evaluation index VUL of the grid i is the ecological sensitivity degree of the grid i, i is the grid numberiEvaluation index IMP of ecological function importanceiComparing numerical values, taking a larger numerical value as an ecological sensitivity evaluation score of the grid i, and dividing the ecological sensitivity into three categories according to the ecological sensitivity evaluation score, wherein the three categories are respectively extremely high, high and general in ecological sensitivity;
and determining an ecological protection area and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph according to the ecological sensitivity degree of each grid of the area to be evaluated.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the constructing a village and town functional region suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing the ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function comprises the following steps:
constructing a rural functional area suitability evaluation index system, wherein the rural functional area comprises a planting production area, an animal husbandry production area, a fishery production area, an industrial production area, a service industry production area and a residential living area;
determining a region formed by grids with extremely high ecological sensitivity degree as an ecological protection region according to the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph of the region to be evaluated;
ecological suitability evaluation of each type of function is carried out in an area with high ecological sensitivity or formed by a common grid;
and drawing an ecological suitability evaluation graph of each function according to the ecological suitability evaluation of each function.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and determining a suitable area of at least one type of function according to the ecological suitability evaluation graph.
11. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the step of establishing the classification standard of the ecological land of the village community based on the characteristics of the village community of the area to be assessed comprises the following steps:
classifying the land used in the to-be-evaluated area based on the characteristics of village and town communities in the to-be-evaluated area, and specifically comprising the following steps:
carrying out large-class division on land used in the area to be evaluated, wherein the large classes comprise ecological functional land used and ecological interference land used;
performing middle-class division on the large classes, wherein the underground middle classes for the ecological functions comprise forest lands, grasslands, garden lands, cultivated lands, water beaches and bare lands, and the underground middle classes for the ecological interference comprise roads and construction lands;
and classifying the medium classes into subclasses, wherein the subclasses under the roads comprise rural roads, urban internal roads, county roads and roads below, provincial roads, national roads, expressways and railway track traffic, and the subclasses under the construction sites comprise industrial and mining sites, residential sites, public management and public service sites, traffic site sites, commercial service facility sites, logistics storage sites and facility agricultural sites.
12. A system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns is characterized by comprising:
the ecological land classification standard building module is used for classifying the land used in the to-be-evaluated area based on the characteristics of village and town communities in the to-be-evaluated area, and specifically comprises the following steps: dividing the land used in the area to be evaluated into a large class, wherein the large class comprises an ecological function land and an ecological interference land, dividing the large class into a middle class, wherein the middle class under the ecological function land comprises a forest land, a grassland, a garden land, a cultivated land, a water area beach and a bare land desert, the middle class under the ecological interference land comprises a road and a construction land, and dividing the middle class into a small class, wherein the small class under the road comprises a rural road, an inside road of a town and country, a road below, a provincial road, a national road, a highway and railway track traffic, and the small class under the construction land comprises an industrial and mining land, a residential land, a public management and public service land, a traffic yard station land, a commercial service facility land, a logistics storage land and a facility agricultural land;
the ecological land base map drawing module is used for drawing an ecological land base map of the to-be-evaluated area according to a classification standard of town community ecological land based on characteristics of the to-be-evaluated area, and the ecological land base map divides the to-be-evaluated area into a plurality of grids;
the neighborhood action matrix determining module is used for establishing a neighborhood action intensity and a distance matrix of the ecological land space of the area to be evaluated according to the classification standard of the village and town community ecological land and the ecological land base map;
the ecological neighborhood effect map drawing module is used for drawing an ecological neighborhood effect map according to ecological land space neighborhood effect strength and a distance matrix based on the grids in each ecological land base map;
the ecological vulnerability assessment graph drawing module is used for constructing an ecological vulnerability assessment index system and drawing an ecological vulnerability assessment graph according to the ecological vulnerability assessment index;
the ecological function importance evaluation graph drawing module is used for constructing an ecological function importance evaluation index system, adjusting the ecological function importance evaluation index according to the ecological neighborhood action graph and drawing an ecological function importance evaluation graph;
the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph drawing module is used for superposing the ecological vulnerability evaluation graph and the ecological function importance evaluation graph, determining the ecological sensitivity degree of a to-be-evaluated area and drawing an ecological sensitivity evaluation graph;
the ecological suitability evaluation graph drawing module is used for constructing a village and town functional area suitability evaluation index system, determining the ecological suitability of each type of function by combining the ecological sensitivity evaluation graph, and drawing the ecological suitability evaluation graph of each type of function;
and the function suitable region determining module is used for determining a suitable region of at least one type of functions according to the ecological suitability evaluation graph.
CN202210556957.9A 2022-05-19 2022-05-19 Method and system for evaluating ecological sensitivity and functional area suitability of villages and towns Pending CN114757585A (en)

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