CN114755714A - Dynamic measuring device and measuring method for fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake - Google Patents

Dynamic measuring device and measuring method for fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake Download PDF

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CN114755714A
CN114755714A CN202210430951.7A CN202210430951A CN114755714A CN 114755714 A CN114755714 A CN 114755714A CN 202210430951 A CN202210430951 A CN 202210430951A CN 114755714 A CN114755714 A CN 114755714A
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monitoring
monitoring device
calibration
fluid diffusion
induced
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CN114755714B (en
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夏开文
周奕硕
姚伟
王璞
徐颖
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Tianjin University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/133Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/282Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30Analysis

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic measurement device and a measurement method for a fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake, which are characterized in that a PVDF pressure sensor is subjected to waterproof packaging by using PMMA material, the packaged PVDF pressure sensor is subjected to dynamic calibration by using a calibration device, the calibrated measurement device is embedded in a laboratory fault model, the pressure field change and the fluid diffusion displacement field change in the fluid diffusion process in a water injection induced earthquake experiment are directly measured, the decoupling measurement of the fluid pressure diffusion field and the fault displacement field is realized, the action relationship of fluid diffusion and fracture propagation under different water injection conditions in the induced earthquake process can be further researched, and a new way is provided for controlling the induced earthquake method research.

Description

Dynamic measuring device and measuring method for fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical tectonic physics, in particular to a dynamic measuring device and a dynamic measuring method for a fluid diffusion field in an induced earthquake.
Background
Along with the frequent development of industrial activities, water injection-induced seismic phenomena are receiving more and more attention from researchers. It has been observed that most induced seismic events are similar in time and space to the injection events, but there are also areas where the injection events have ceased for a long time while nearby seismic events continue (Keranen at, 2013); and also some induced seismic source depths are far from the injection depth (Eaton et al, 2018; Mahani at al, 2019). For this reason, many conceptual models are proposed to explain the complex phenomena of seismic activity migration and delayed activation, which can be mainly classified into three categories: the water injection causes the pore water pressure of the fault surrounding rock to change, the injection pressure directly acts on the fault surface, and the injection causes the earthquake to be induced after the fault slowly slips. The diffusion process of the visible fluid directly controls the origin of the induced earthquake, but at present, further research is still needed on the action mechanism of the induced earthquake fluid.
The method is characterized in that the occurrence mechanism of the induced earthquake needs to be determined, the relation between fluid diffusion and fracture propagation needs to be researched, the diffusion process and the influence of injected fluid are difficult to deeply analyze in the in-situ observation research of the induced earthquake due to the immigibility of the earth, and compared with the observation and in-situ observation research, the water injection induced earthquake experiment in a laboratory has higher controllability. The existing experiments at present mainly comprise direct shear water injection experiments, double-shaft water injection experiments and triaxial water injection experiments. In the prior art, a direct injection experiment is carried out by using a double-shaft direct shear loading device, and the direct injection experiment proves how the increase of the fluid pressure induces the stick-slip event. Compared with the test method, the biaxial/triaxial test is more consistent with the on-site construction loading condition. Therefore, biaxial/triaxial injection experiments are widely used in induced seismic research. At present, the diffusion process of the fluid inducing earthquake still stays at the layer of single-hole monitoring, model inversion and indirect monitoring, for example, in a double-shaft induced earthquake experiment in the prior art, a method of a contrast test is adopted, a contact pressure sensor is utilized to measure the diffusion condition of the fluid after being injected under the condition of normal stress loading, and the problem of inducing earthquake after being injected at the same flow speed under the condition of simultaneous loading of shear stress and normal stress is analyzed; in addition, in a triaxial injection experiment, the diffusion process of the fluid on a fault plane is inverted by adopting a Markov-Monte Carlo method through the pressure change of a single injection hole and a multipoint distributed monitoring hole; and a four-parameter diffusion model is established by utilizing the change condition of the injection pressure to calculate the diffusion process of the fluid in the French LSBB in-situ injection experiment, and the slip of the fault is found to be far beyond the diffusion range of the fluid by comparing the activation condition of the fault. No matter which experimental mode is adopted, the method cannot directly measure the fluid diffusion while inducing the earthquake fracture process, realize the real decoupling analysis of the fluid diffusion field and the earthquake fracture, and further research the mechanism of inducing the action of the earthquake fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for dynamically monitoring fluid diffusion pressure and displacement field, aiming at solving the key problems that the traditional earthquake experiment method cannot directly measure the fluid diffusion stress field and further cannot decouple and analyze the induced earthquake rupture stress field and the fluid diffusion stress field, and the direct measurement of the fluid diffusion stress field in the experiment of inducing the earthquake by injecting water in a laboratory is realized. The method is mainly applied to induced seismic experiment research, and is used for analyzing the influence of fluid pressure field change on an induced seismic fault activation mode, quantitatively analyzing a fluid diffusion position and a seismic fracture position and making up for the technical blank of directly measuring the fluid diffusion field in the induced seismic experiment.
The dynamic measuring device for the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake comprises a monitoring device and a calibration device, wherein the monitoring device comprises a PVDF film pressure sensor wrapped and fixed by a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) packaging shell, and a sealing ring is fixed on a communication hole in the PMMA packaging shell;
the calibration device comprises a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator, a groove is arranged in the right middle position of the surface of the PMMA calibrator, the monitoring device and the cushion block are arranged in the groove, the front end of the groove is connected with the joint hole, and the rear end of the groove is connected with the adjusting screw; the communication hole of the PMMA packaging shell faces the connector hole.
The invention also provides a dynamic measurement method of the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake, which adopts the dynamic measurement device of the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing a fault model with a monitoring cavity and a multipoint distributed monitoring hole, and manufacturing a monitoring device and a calibration device;
step two: installing a calibration device;
step three: calibrating the monitoring device;
step four: installing a monitoring device and carrying out an induced earthquake experiment;
step five: and processing the data to obtain the fluid diffusion process.
The processing and manufacturing method in the first step is as follows: processing multipoint distributed monitoring holes on a fault plane of a fault model upper disc, and processing monitoring cavities at positions 20mm away from the fault plane on the fault model upper disc for placing monitoring devices to ensure that communication holes on each monitoring device correspond to the multipoint distributed monitoring holes; the intercommunicating pore corresponds to the PVDF film pressure sensor, and the sealing ring is fixed on the intercommunicating pore to prevent water leakage during experiment and calibration; a groove is formed in the middle of one surface of a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator of the calibration device, a monitoring device and a cushion block are placed in the groove, the rear end of the groove is connected with an adjusting screw, the adjusting screw plays a role of a counterforce wall, fixes and bears jacking force, and the front end of the adjusting screw is connected with a joint hole.
The installation calibration device and the calibration method in the second and third steps are as follows: placing the monitoring device in a groove in a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator, enabling one surface with a sealing ring to face a joint hole, connecting the other surface with an adjusting screw through a cushion block, screwing the adjusting screw to assist in fixing and clamping the monitoring device, connecting a water injection pump and a high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor with the joint hole, and connecting an amplifying circuit and a display instrument with the monitoring device; the injection pump is set to gradually inject water into the joint hole, the output quantity of the injection pump pressure source and the output quantity of the monitoring device are recorded in real time, the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device are processed and compared to obtain a corresponding relation curve of the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device, a calibration coefficient in a dynamic measurement range is determined, and calibration is completed.
The process of arranging, carrying out water injection induced seismic experiment and processing data in the fourth step and the fifth step is as follows: and installing a monitoring device, carrying out an induced earthquake experiment, and placing the monitoring device with a sealing ring into a monitoring cavity on a fault of the fault model, so that a communication hole and the sealing ring on the monitoring device are aligned with the center of the multipoint distributed monitoring hole. After the lines are connected, carrying out induced seismic experiments, and simultaneously recording fluid diffusion monitoring data; substituting the data into the relational expression obtained by calibration in the second step to obtain the water pressure; and obtaining the fluid diffusion speed according to the difference between the distance between the two multi-point distributed monitoring holes and the monitoring starting time of the two holes.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for dynamically monitoring the diffusion pressure and the displacement field of the fluid have the following beneficial effects: the film pressure sensor monitors the fluid diffusion process, belongs to direct measurement, and is more accurate and economical; the device and the method can monitor the water pressure change and the displacement field change which induce the earthquake fluid diffusion, and further research the action relation between the fluid diffusion and the fracture propagation in the induced earthquake.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an arrangement of fluid diffusion monitoring structures in a fault model according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a fluid diffusion monitoring apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a calibration apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a calibration curve for a water injection rate of 2ml/min according to the example;
FIG. 5 is a calibration curve for a water injection rate of 0.02ml/min according to the example;
FIG. 6 is a calibration graph according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in figures 1-2, the monitoring device of the device for dynamically measuring the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake comprises a PVDF film pressure sensor 3, a PMMA packaging shell 4 used for wrapping and fixing the PVDF film pressure sensor 3, and a sealing ring 6 fixed on a communication hole 5 in the PMMA packaging shell 4 by AB glue.
As shown in fig. 3, the main body of the calibration device of the present invention is a PMMA calibrator 7, a groove is arranged at the right middle position of one surface of the PMMA calibrator 7, the monitoring device and the cushion block 9 shown in fig. 2 are placed in the groove, the front end of the groove is connected with the joint hole 8, and the rear end of the groove is connected with the adjusting screw.
The invention relates to a dynamic measurement method for a fluid diffusion field in an induced earthquake, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing a fault model with a monitoring cavity 1 and a multipoint distributed monitoring hole 2 shown in fig. 1, and manufacturing a monitoring device shown in fig. 2 and a calibration device shown in fig. 3:
as shown in fig. 1, two groups of distributed multi-point distributed monitoring holes 2 with phi 1mm are processed at the position 35mm away from the central line on the fault surface of the upper disc of the fault model, the distance between the two holes in each group is 10mm, and two monitoring cavities 1 with 58mm x 25mm x 6mm are processed at the position 20mm away from the fault surface on the fault model for placing the monitoring devices shown in fig. 2, so that the communication holes 5 on each monitoring device correspond to the multi-point distributed monitoring holes 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the main component of the monitoring device is a PVDF film pressure sensor 3, which is wrapped with a 25mm 15mm 5mm PMMA enclosure 4 so as to stably fix the PVDF film pressure sensor 3 in the monitoring chamber 1 on the fault, the PMMA enclosure 4 is provided with a communicating hole 5 with a diameter of 1.5mm, which ensures that the communicating hole 5 corresponds to the PVDF film pressure sensor 3, and an epoxy resin AB is used to fix a sealing ring 6 on the communicating hole 5, so as to prevent water leakage during the experiment and calibration from affecting the accuracy of the monitoring result.
As shown in fig. 3, the calibration device main body foundation is a PMMA calibration device 7 with 80mm × 50mm, a groove with 30mm × 22mm × 14mm is arranged in the center of one surface of the PMMA calibration device 7, the monitoring device and the cushion block 9 shown in fig. 2 are placed in the groove to prevent the surface of the monitoring device from being damaged by the adjusting screw, one end of the groove is connected with the adjusting screw, the adjusting screw has the function similar to a counterforce wall, is fixed and bears the jacking force, and the other end of the groove is connected with the joint hole 8.
Step two: installing a calibration device:
the monitoring device shown in the figure 2 is placed in a groove in a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator 7, one surface with a sealing ring 6 faces a joint hole 8, the other surface is connected with an adjusting screw through a cushion block 9, the adjusting screw 10 is screwed down to be assisted in fixing and clamping the monitoring device, the joint hole 8 is connected with an injection pump, and the monitoring device is connected with an amplifying circuit and a display instrument.
Step three: calibrating the monitoring device:
the water is gradually injected into the joint hole 8 by setting a water injection pump, the output quantity of the high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor and the output quantity of the monitoring device are recorded in real time, the high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor and the monitoring device are processed and compared to obtain a corresponding relation curve of the high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor and the monitoring device shown in the figure 4, a calibration coefficient in a dynamic measurement range is determined, and calibration is completed.
Step four: installing a monitoring device and carrying out induced seismic experiments:
the monitoring device with the sealing ring 6 shown in figure 2 is placed in the monitoring cavity 1 on the fault shown in figure 1, and the communication hole 5 and the sealing ring 6 on the monitoring device are aligned with the center of the multipoint distributed monitoring hole 2. And (5) carrying out induced seismic experiments after the lines are connected, and simultaneously recording fluid diffusion monitoring data.
Step five: processing the data to obtain a fluid diffusion process:
and substituting the data into the relational expression obtained by calibration in the second step to obtain the water pressure.

Claims (5)

1. The dynamic measuring device for the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake is characterized by comprising a monitoring device and a calibration device, wherein the monitoring device comprises a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) packaging shell (4) wrapped and fixed with a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) film pressure sensor (3), and a sealing ring (6) is fixed on a communication hole (5) in the PMMA packaging shell (4);
the calibration device comprises a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator (7), a groove is arranged in the right middle of the surface of the PMMA calibrator (7), a monitoring device and a cushion block (9) are arranged in the groove, the front end of the groove is connected with a joint hole (8), and the rear end of the groove is connected with an adjusting screw (10); the communication hole (5) of the PMMA packaging shell (4) faces the joint hole (8).
2. The dynamic measurement method for the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake is characterized in that the dynamic measurement device for the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake according to claim 1 is adopted, and the dynamic measurement method comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the following steps: processing a fault model with a monitoring cavity (1) and a multipoint distributed monitoring hole (2), and manufacturing a monitoring device and a calibration device;
step two: installing a calibration device;
step three: calibrating the monitoring device;
step four: installing a monitoring device and carrying out an induced earthquake experiment;
step five: and processing the data to obtain the fluid diffusion process.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises: the processing and manufacturing method in the first step is as follows: processing multi-point distributed monitoring holes (2) on a fault plane of a fault model upper disc, and processing a monitoring cavity (1) at a position 20mm away from the fault plane on the fault model upper disc for placing monitoring devices to ensure that a communication hole (5) on each monitoring device corresponds to the multi-point distributed monitoring holes (2); the communicating hole (5) corresponds to the PVDF film pressure sensor (3), and the sealing ring (6) is fixed on the communicating hole (5) to prevent water leakage during experiment and calibration; a groove is formed in the middle of one surface of a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator (7) of the calibration device, a monitoring device and a cushion block (9) are placed in the groove, the rear end of the groove is connected with an adjusting screw (10), the adjusting screw (10) plays a role of a counterforce wall, fixes and bears jacking force, and the front end of the adjusting screw is connected with a joint hole (8).
4. The method for dynamically measuring the fluid diffusion field in the induced earthquake according to claim 2, wherein: the installation calibration device and the calibration method in the second and third steps are as follows: placing the monitoring device in a groove in a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) calibrator (7), enabling one surface with a sealing ring (6) to face a joint hole (8), connecting the other surface with an adjusting screw (10) through a cushion block (9), screwing the adjusting screw (10) to assist in fixing and clamping the monitoring device, connecting a water injection pump and a high-distribution dynamic pressure sensor with the joint hole (8), and connecting an amplifying circuit and a display instrument with the monitoring device; the injection pump is set to gradually inject water into the joint hole (8), the output quantity of the injection pump pressure source and the output quantity of the monitoring device are recorded in real time, the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device are processed and compared to obtain a corresponding relation curve of the injection pump pressure source and the monitoring device, a calibration coefficient in a dynamic measurement range is determined, and calibration is completed.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises: the arrangement, water injection induced seismic experiment and data processing processes in the fourth step and the fifth step are as follows: and installing a monitoring device, carrying out an induced earthquake experiment, and placing the monitoring device with a sealing ring (6) into a monitoring cavity (1) on a fault of the fault model to align a communication hole (5) and the sealing ring (6) on the monitoring device with the center of the multipoint distributed monitoring hole (2). Carrying out induced seismic experiments after the lines are connected, and simultaneously recording fluid diffusion monitoring data; substituting the data into the relational expression obtained by calibration in the second step to obtain the water pressure; and obtaining the fluid diffusion speed according to the difference between the distance between the two multi-point distributed monitoring holes (2) and the monitoring starting time of the two holes.
CN202210430951.7A 2022-04-22 2022-04-22 Dynamic measurement device and measurement method for fluid diffusion field in induced earthquake Active CN114755714B (en)

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