CN111795652A - Method and equipment for measuring deformation coordination of direct-buried sensing optical cable and soil body - Google Patents
Method and equipment for measuring deformation coordination of direct-buried sensing optical cable and soil body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111795652A CN111795652A CN202010660679.2A CN202010660679A CN111795652A CN 111795652 A CN111795652 A CN 111795652A CN 202010660679 A CN202010660679 A CN 202010660679A CN 111795652 A CN111795652 A CN 111795652A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002168 optical frequency-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and equipment for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body, wherein a cylindrical sample is vertically deformed by vertical loading equipment, a displacement meter is adopted to measure the vertical deformation of the sample, and the strain of the sample is calculated; measuring the strain distribution of a sensing optical cable embedded in the center of a sample by adopting a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, and calculating the optical cable strain by adopting a summing and averaging method; and calculating the coordinated deformation ratio between the soil body and the optical cable according to the ratio of the strain of the sample to the strain of the optical cable. The device mainly comprises a base, a pressure chamber, a loading cap, a stress control type axial loading device, a displacement meter, a sensing optical cable, an optical frequency domain reflection demodulator, a computer and data analysis software. The method has simple principle, can realize the test of various soil bodies and various sensing optical cables, the test equipment can be repeatedly used, and the obtained coordination deformation ratio can be directly used for correcting the measured data of the sensing optical cables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering testing, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body.
Background
In recent years, the distributed optical fiber sensing technology has been widely applied in the fields of geology, civil engineering, water conservancy, mines and the like because of its advantages of distributed monitoring, high sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. In the field of geological and geotechnical engineering monitoring, compared with the traditional point type monitoring technology, the direct-buried distributed optical fiber sensing technology can measure the distribution information of multiple parameters such as geologic body strain, temperature, water content and the like, and provides a new technical means for researching engineering geological problems and cause mechanisms, such as ground settlement monitoring, landslide monitoring, foundation pit safety monitoring and the like.
The direct-buried sensing optical cable is installed by conveying the optical cable into a geologic body through drilling and then backfilling the drilling to realize the coordinated deformation between the optical cable and the geologic body. However, due to the generally significant difference between the modulus of elasticity of the fiber optic cable and the geologic body, when the deformation of the geologic body is monitored in a direct-buried manner, a problem of inconsistent strain may occur between the fiber optic cable and the geologic body. Therefore, when the deformation of the geologic body is monitored by using the direct-buried sensing optical cable, the performance of coordinated deformation of the sensing optical cable and the geologic body needs to be mastered, and then the strain measured by the optical cable is corrected, so that a basis is provided for accurately monitoring the real deformation of the geologic body. The soil body is used as a common geological body in engineering, the deformation of the soil body is very important for engineering safety and disaster prevention and reduction, and the understanding of the deformation coordination of the sensing optical cable and the soil body has important theoretical value and engineering significance due to the obvious modulus difference between the soil body and the sensing optical cable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method and equipment for evaluating and testing the coordination deformation performance between a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a tested soil body. The device can respectively measure the deformation of the sensing optical cable and the measured soil body in an intuitive mode, and provides a basis for accurately monitoring the deformation of the rock-soil body by comparing, calculating and analyzing the coordinated deformation performance between the direct-buried sensing optical cable and the soil body.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body comprises the following steps:
1) manufacturing a pressure chamber, and introducing a sensing optical cable into the pressure chamber through a base of the pressure chamber; the photosensitive cable is pre-tensioned appropriately according to the test requirements; manufacturing a cylindrical sample, wherein the sensing optical cable needs to be kept at the center of the cylindrical sample during filling, the test soil is compacted during filling, and the sensing optical cable penetrates out of the upper end part of the sample;
2) wrapping the prepared sample with a latex film, and then enabling the sensing optical cable to pass through the base and penetrate out of the pressure chamber; exhausting and injecting water into the pressure chamber, and applying pressure sigma to the pressure chamber3；
3) Adjusting confining pressure sigma according to experimental design3Then applying axial bias stress sigma to the sample through the loading rod1-σ3The sample generates axial compression deformation under the action of axial eccentric stress;
4) applying axial bias stress sigma1-σ3In the process, measuring the axial deformation of the sample by using a displacement meter arranged on a loading rod; simultaneously, measuring the strain distribution of a sensing optical cable embedded in a sample by adopting an OFDR demodulator;
5) and calculating a coordinated deformation ratio alpha by using the axial deformation of the sample and the strain distribution measured by the sensing optical cable, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,fthe measured strain distribution of the sensing optical cable; d is the sampling interval of the OFDR demodulator; (i) strain for the ith sample point;smeasured for displacementStrain of the sample; delta l is the sample deformation; l is the sample length.
Furthermore, in the step 1), the cylindrical sample is manufactured by a layered filling method by using the double-petal mold, a compaction hammer is required to compact the soil for the test in the filling process, and a through hole is reserved in the center of the compaction hammer and used for leading out the sensing optical cable in the compaction process.
Further, filter paper and a permeable stone are placed on both the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the sample.
Further, a loading cap is arranged between the loading rod and the sample, and the sensing optical cable sequentially penetrates through the filter paper, the permeable stone and the loading cap and then penetrates out of the side edge of the loading cap.
A device for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body comprises a pressure chamber formed by a base, a side wall and an upper cover, wherein a sample is placed on the base, and a loading cap is placed on the upper end face of the sample; a loading rod penetrates through the upper cover and extends into the pressure chamber, and a displacement meter is arranged on the loading rod; a sensing optical cable penetrates through the sample upwards from the base and penetrates out of the upper end face of the sample, and the tail end of the sensing optical cable penetrates through the base and is led out of the pressure chamber; one end of the sensing Optical cable is connected to an Optical Frequency Domain reflection demodulator (OFDR); the displacement meter and the optical frequency domain reflection demodulator are both connected to a computer.
Furthermore, permeable stones are respectively placed on the upper end face and the lower end face of the sample.
Further, the base is in a convex shape.
Furthermore, a groove is formed in the upper end face of the loading cap and used for positioning the loading rod.
Furthermore, the side wall is made of hard materials.
Further, the sample is cylindrical, and the sensing optical cable in the sample is positioned on the central axis of the sample.
The invention discloses a method and equipment for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body, which provide a brand-new solution for exploring the deformation coordination problem of the sensing optical cable and the soil body, and provide a test basis for realizing high-precision ground settlement monitoring by adopting a distributed optical fiber sensing technology, wherein the distributed optical fiber sensing technology can adopt Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA), Brillouin Optical Frequency Domain Analysis (BOFDA), Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflection (BOTDR), but is not limited to the distributed optical fiber sensing technology. In addition, the method is simple in principle, the test equipment can be repeatedly used, and the deformation coordination of the sensing optical cable and the soil body under different conditions such as the type of the optical cable, the soil type, the buried depth and the like can be simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring coordinated deformation of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the measured strain profile of a sensing cable in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the coordinated deformation ratios of the displacement meter and the sensing cable under different conditions in one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The method and the device for measuring the deformation coordination of the direct-buried sensing optical cable and the soil body provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper", "lower", "bottom", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method and equipment for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body. In this embodiment, the implementation process of the method is described by the apparatus. However, it should be noted that the measurement method of the present application is not limited to the measurement device disclosed in the present application.
As shown in figure 1, the equipment for measuring the deformation coordination of the direct-buried sensing optical cable and the soil body comprises a pressure chamber 4 formed by a base 8, a side wall and an upper cover, wherein a sample 5 is placed on the base 8, and a loading cap 3 is placed on the upper end surface of the sample 5; a permeable stone 7 is arranged between the upper end face of the sample 5 and the loading cap 3, and the permeable stone 7 is also arranged between the lower end face of the sample 5 and the base. A loading rod penetrates through the upper cover 1 and extends into the pressure chamber 4, and a displacement meter 2 is arranged on the loading rod 1; a sensing optical cable 6 penetrates through the sample 5 from the base upwards and penetrates out of the upper end face of the sample 5, and the tail end of the sensing optical cable 6 penetrates through the base 8 to the air; one end of the sensing Optical cable 6 is connected to an Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometer (OFDR) 9; the optical frequency domain reflection demodulator 9 and the displacement meter 2 are connected to a computer 10.
In this embodiment, the base 8 is in a convex shape. The upper end surface of the loading cap 3 is provided with a groove which is used for positioning the loading rod 1. The side wall is made of hard material or soft material. Sample 5 is cylindrical and the sensing cable 6 in sample 5 is located on the central axis of sample 5. In order to embed the sensing optical cable 6 in the center of the cylindrical sample 5, through holes with certain diameters are designed at corresponding positions of the base 8, the permeable stone 7 and the loading cap 3, and a rubber ring is used for sealing. In order to conveniently process data, the displacement meter 2 and the OFDR demodulator 9 are both connected with a computer 10, relevant data analysis software is installed in the computer, and the computer controls data acquisition, calculation and display.
A method for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body by using the equipment comprises the following steps:
1) as shown in fig. 1, a sensing optical cable is led into a pressure chamber through a first through hole of a base, and after the optical cable passes through permeable stones and filter paper, the optical cable can be pre-tensioned appropriately according to test requirements, so that the optical cable is ensured to be in a straightening state; the cylindrical sample is manufactured by a layered filling method by utilizing a double-petal mold, the sensing optical cable is required to be positioned in the center of the cylindrical sample during filling, a compaction hammer is required to compact the soil for the test during filling, and a through hole is reserved in the center of the compaction hammer and used for leading out the sensing optical cable during compaction. In order to achieve a better effect, the radius of the hammer surface of the compaction hammer is the same as that of the sample.
2) After the manufactured sample is wrapped with the latex film, the sensing optical cable sequentially penetrates through the filter paper, the permeable stone and the loading cap, then penetrates out of the side edge of the loading cap, is led out of the pressure chamber through the second through hole of the base, finally is exhausted and injected with water, and applies pressure sigma to the pressure chamber3I.e. the confining pressure acting on the sample is σ3Different drilling depths are simulated. In order to ensure the tightness of the pressure chamber, rubber rings with certain diameters are arranged at the connecting part of the pressure chamber and the base and at the corresponding positions of the through holes for leading out the sensing optical cables.
3) Adjusting confining pressure sigma according to experimental design3Then applying axial bias stress sigma to the sample through the loading rod1-σ3So that the sample generates axial compression deformation under the action of axial eccentric stress.
4) Measuring the axial deformation of the sample by a displacement meter arranged on the loading rod along with the movement of the loading rod in the loading process; meanwhile, an OFDR demodulator with high spatial resolution and high strain precision is adopted to measure the strain distribution of the sensing optical cable embedded in the sample, and the figure 2 shows.
5) The strain measured by the OFDR demodulator is distributed, namely the strain distribution of the sensing optical cable along the length of the sample can be obtained. In order to evaluate the condition that soil body strain is transmitted to the fiber core of the optical cable, the axial deformation of a sample measured by a displacement meter and the strain distribution measured by a sensing optical cable are used for calculating a coordinated deformation ratio alpha, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,fis the measured cable strain; d is the sampling interval of the OFDR demodulator, and is 5mm in the embodiment; (i) strain for the ith sample point;sstrain of the sample measured by a displacement meter; delta l is the sample deformation; l is the sample length.
In the embodiment, the spatial resolution of the OFDR demodulator can reach 1mm, and the sensing precision is 1 mu; the displacement meter adopts a contact type displacement meter, and the measurement precision is 0.01 mm.
In the embodiment, a 2mm polyurethane tight-sleeved strain sensing optical cable is adopted, and the main parameters of the optical cable are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 sensing optical cable main parameters
In the present example, the soil used for the test was sandy soil, and the composition of the particle size is shown in table 2;
TABLE 2 Sand grain size composition
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a strain value distribution of the sensing fiber measured by the OFDR demodulator when the sample is subjected to a loading and unloading test under a confining pressure of 400kPa in the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a coordinated deformation ratio calculated according to equations (1) - (3) based on the strain distribution of the sensing cable measured in fig. 2.
Based upon the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, it should be apparent that the invention defined by the appended claims is not limited solely to the specific details set forth in the foregoing description, as many apparent variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring deformation coordination of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) manufacturing a pressure chamber, and introducing a sensing optical cable into the pressure chamber through a base of the pressure chamber; the photosensitive cable is pre-tensioned appropriately according to the test requirements; manufacturing a cylindrical sample, wherein the sensing optical cable needs to be kept at the center of the cylindrical sample during filling, the test soil is compacted during filling, and the sensing optical cable penetrates out of the upper end part of the sample;
2) wrapping the prepared sample with a latex film, and then enabling the sensing optical cable to pass through the base and penetrate out of the pressure chamber; exhausting and injecting water into the pressure chamber, and applying pressure sigma into the pressure chamber3；
3) Adjusting confining pressure sigma according to experimental design3Then applying axial bias stress sigma to the sample through the loading rod1-σ3The sample generates axial compression deformation under the action of axial eccentric stress;
4) applying axial bias stress sigma1-σ3In the process, measuring the axial deformation of the sample by using a displacement meter arranged on a loading rod; simultaneously, measuring the strain distribution of a sensing optical cable embedded in a sample by adopting an OFDR demodulator;
5) and calculating a coordinated deformation ratio alpha by using the axial deformation of the sample and the strain distribution measured by the sensing optical cable, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,fthe measured strain distribution of the sensing optical cable; d is the sampling interval of the OFDR demodulator; (i) strain for the ith sample point;sstrain of the sample measured by a displacement meter; Δ l isDeformation of the sample; l is the sample length.
2. The method for measuring the deformation coordination of the direct-buried sensing optical cable and the soil body according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), a cylindrical sample is manufactured by a layered filling method through a double-petal mold, a compaction hammer is required to compact the soil for the test in the filling process, and a through hole is reserved in the center of the compaction hammer and used for leading out the sensing optical cable in the compaction process.
3. The method for measuring deformation compatibility of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body according to claim 1, wherein filter paper and permeable stones are placed on both the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the sample.
4. The method for measuring the deformation coordination of the direct-buried sensing optical cable and the soil body as claimed in claim 1, wherein a loading cap is arranged between a loading rod and the sample, and the sensing optical cable sequentially passes through filter paper, permeable stone and the loading cap and then passes out of the side edge of the loading cap.
5. The equipment for measuring the deformation coordination of the direct-buried sensing optical cable and the soil body is characterized by comprising a pressure chamber formed by a base, a side wall and an upper cover, wherein a sample is placed on the base, and a loading cap is placed on the upper end face of the sample; a loading rod penetrates through the upper cover and extends into the pressure chamber, and a displacement meter is arranged on the loading rod; a sensing optical cable penetrates through the sample upwards from the base and penetrates out of the upper end face of the sample, and the tail end of the sensing optical cable penetrates through the base and is led out of the pressure chamber; one end of the sensing optical cable is connected to the optical frequency domain reflection demodulator; the displacement meter and the optical frequency domain reflection demodulator are both connected to a computer.
6. The apparatus for measuring deformation compatibility of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body according to claim 5, wherein permeable stones are respectively placed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the sample.
7. The apparatus for measuring deformation compatibility of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body according to claim 5, wherein the base is in a convex shape.
8. The apparatus for measuring deformation compatibility of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body according to claim 5, wherein a groove is formed on the upper end face of the loading cap, and the groove is used for positioning the loading rod.
9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the sidewall is made of a rigid material.
10. The apparatus for measuring deformation compatibility of a direct-buried sensing optical cable and a soil body according to claim 5, wherein the sample is cylindrical, and the sensing optical cable in the sample is positioned on a central axis of the sample.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113063364A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-02 | 南京嘉兆仪器设备有限公司 | Test method for comparing optimality of optical cable types in pipeline hoop strain monitoring |
| CN114295484A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-04-08 | 中国平煤神马能源化工集团有限责任公司 | Model test system and test method for fiber grating six-direction pressure sensor |
| CN117346679A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-01-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device and method for calibrating covariant condition of optical fiber and soil body |
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| CN205655803U (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-19 | 南京大学 | Soil deformation distributed optical fiber monitoring is markd and test device |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113063364A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-02 | 南京嘉兆仪器设备有限公司 | Test method for comparing optimality of optical cable types in pipeline hoop strain monitoring |
| CN114295484A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-04-08 | 中国平煤神马能源化工集团有限责任公司 | Model test system and test method for fiber grating six-direction pressure sensor |
| CN117346679A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-01-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device and method for calibrating covariant condition of optical fiber and soil body |
| CN117346679B (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-05-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device and method for calibrating covariant condition of optical fiber and soil body |
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Application publication date: 20201020 |