CN114754666A - Concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment and method - Google Patents
Concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114754666A CN114754666A CN202210315430.7A CN202210315430A CN114754666A CN 114754666 A CN114754666 A CN 114754666A CN 202210315430 A CN202210315430 A CN 202210315430A CN 114754666 A CN114754666 A CN 114754666A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
- G01C5/04—Hydrostatic levelling, i.e. by flexibly interconnected liquid containers at separated points
Abstract
The concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment and method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure comprise the following steps: strain sensors are arranged in concrete cement mortar of the dam body in the concrete pouring stage of the dam body, and displacement sensors are arranged on the outer side of the dam body; the method comprises the steps of obtaining the whole deformation of the dam after the dam normally operates according to a displacement sensor so as to obtain the whole strain of the dam, taking the difference value between the whole strain of the dam and the strain of concrete cement mortar in the same time period as a strain difference, and representing the influence of concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam by utilizing the fluctuation of the strain difference along with the change of time. The method monitors the influence condition of alkali aggregate reaction in the dam structure in real time on the basis of not damaging the dam structure, is particularly applied to concrete dam engineering using alkali active aggregate, reduces the potential risk of the alkali aggregate reaction to the dam structure, and plays a role in early warning.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of concrete monitoring, in particular to a concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring device and method.
Background
The alkali-aggregate reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs in concrete, in which the reactive silica in the aggregate reacts with the hydroxyl ions in the mortar pore solution to form an alkali-aggregate reaction gel with expansive properties. The expansion force is continuously accumulated at the crack of the concrete sample or the interface of aggregate-mortar, and a more expanded micro-crack is formed in the concrete, so that the phenomena of volume expansion, strength and rigidity degradation and the like of a concrete structure occur, and the durability of the concrete structure is influenced.
Under the restriction of aggregate source conditions and test means, some aggregates with alkali activity are still applied to engineering in a large amount, so that concrete structures in the engineering have greater potential risks. The method of using combined aggregate, adding fly ash and the like is a method for effectively controlling alkali-aggregate reaction, but due to insufficient cognition on alkali-aggregate reaction mechanism, inhibition means mechanism and the like, the long-term effectiveness of the inhibition method cannot be determined, so that the monitoring on the alkali-aggregate reaction still needs to be enhanced, and early warning on the possible risk of the dam body structure is carried out. The influence of alkali aggregate reaction on a concrete structure is mainly reflected in the aspects of expansion cracking, reduction of mechanical strength and the like, and at present, due to the lack of in-situ measurement technical means, engineering mainly detects the influence of alkali aggregate reaction in the concrete structure by modes of dam coring, synchronous sample preparation and the like, and has the defects of dam body structure damage, difference between a test environment and an actual dam body environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure is directed to solving, at least in part, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the monitoring device for alkali-aggregate reaction deformation of the concrete dam provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure monitors the influence of alkali-aggregate reaction in the dam structure in real time on the basis of not damaging the dam structure, is particularly applied to concrete dam engineering using alkali-active aggregate, reduces the potential risk of the alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam structure, and plays a role in early warning. The concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment that embodiment of first aspect of this disclosure provided includes:
the strain sensor is arranged in concrete cement mortar of the dam body in the concrete pouring stage of the dam body and is used for acquiring the strain of the concrete cement mortar in the dam body after the dam normally operates;
the displacement sensors are arranged on the outer side of the dam body and used for acquiring the integral deformation of the dam body after the dam normally operates; and
and the data processor is used for obtaining the dam body overall strain after the dam normally operates according to the dam body overall strain obtained by the displacement sensor, taking the difference value between the dam body overall strain and the concrete cement mortar strain in the same time period as a strain difference, representing the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation by using the fluctuation of the strain difference along with the change of time, indicating that the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is larger when the strain difference is larger, and indicating that the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is smaller when the strain difference is smaller.
The concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
compared with the existing alkali aggregate reaction detection for manufacturing the specimen in the same period, the monitoring equipment disclosed by the invention can be used for measuring in situ in the dam concrete, so that the measurement accuracy is ensured; compared with the existing dam coring alkali aggregate reaction detection, the monitoring equipment disclosed by the invention can be used for measuring in situ of dam concrete, the dam body does not need to be damaged, the secondary damage of a sample caused by coring is avoided, and the detection accuracy is improved; and thirdly, the progress of the alkali-aggregate reaction development can be monitored in real time, and early warning is performed on the risk caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction possibly suffered by the dam body structure.
In some embodiments, the strain sensors and the displacement sensors are arranged in the dam body and outside the dam body in regions.
In some embodiments, the horizontal position of the strain sensor is within the horizontal measurement range of the displacement sensor, and the distance from the strain sensor to the dam surface is greater than 150 mm.
In some embodiments, the strain sensor employs a piezoelectric ceramic, an optical fiber, or a carbon fiber.
In some embodiments, the pitch of the displacement sensors should be more than 450 mm.
In some embodiments, the displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor, a hydrostatic level gauge, or a GPS elevation gauge.
In some embodiments, the data processor is further configured to detect a magnitude of the differential strain, and issue a warning when the differential strain reaches a set threshold.
The method for monitoring the alkali aggregate reaction deformation of the concrete dam provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the disclosure comprises the following steps:
in the dam concrete pouring stage, strain sensors are distributed in concrete cement mortar of a dam; after the dam construction is finished, arranging a displacement sensor on the outer side of the dam body;
in the normal operation stage of the dam, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are used for respectively acquiring the strain of the concrete cement mortar and the integral displacement of the dam body, the integral strain of the dam body is obtained according to the integral displacement of the dam body, the difference value between the integral strain of the dam body and the strain of the concrete cement mortar at the same time is used as a strain difference, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is represented by the fluctuation of the strain difference along with the change of time, when the strain difference is larger, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is larger, and when the strain difference is smaller, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is smaller.
In some embodiments, the strain sensors and the displacement sensors are arranged in the dam body and outside the dam body in regions.
In some embodiments, the concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring method further comprises: and when the strain difference reaches a set threshold value, giving out an early warning.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring device for a concrete dam provided in an embodiment of a first aspect of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the waveform of the dam body overall strain and internal mortar strain monitored at a concrete tensile/compressive part by using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1: a laser displacement meter transmitting end; 2: a laser displacement meter receiving end; 3: the outer side of the dam body; 4: concrete cement mortar; 5: an aggregate; 6: a strain sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
On the contrary, this application is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents and variations that may be included within the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present application, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details.
Referring to fig. 1, the alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring device for a concrete dam provided in the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure is applied to a dam structure which may have an alkali-aggregate reaction, and outputs the whole and local strain of the dam through the measurement of a whole set of monitoring device on the basis of not damaging the dam structure, and finally derives the expansion deformation caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction of the concrete. The concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment that embodiment of first aspect of this disclosure provided includes:
the strain sensor 6 is arranged in the concrete cement mortar 4 of the dam body in the concrete pouring stage of the dam body and is used for acquiring the strain of the concrete cement mortar 4 in the dam body after the dam normally operates;
the displacement sensor is arranged on the outer side of the dam body and used for acquiring the integral deformation of the dam body after the dam normally operates; and
and the data processor (not shown in the figure) is used for obtaining the dam body overall strain after the dam normally operates according to the dam overall strain obtained by the displacement sensor, taking the difference value between the dam body overall strain and the concrete cement mortar strain obtained in the same time period as a strain difference, and representing the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation by using the fluctuation of the strain difference along with the change of time, wherein the larger the strain difference is, the larger the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is, and conversely, the smaller the strain difference is, the smaller the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is.
In some embodiments, the strain sensors 6 are embedded during the dam construction stage, and specifically, the strain sensors 6 are embedded during the mixing stage of the aggregates 5 and the concrete cement mortar 4, and the strain sensors 6 can be distributed at different positions in the dam body in different regions (such as regions predicted to be in tension or in compression) according to the type of the selected strain sensors 6, wherein the types of the strain sensors arranged in the same region should be the same. Further, the strain sensors 6 can be arranged in the concrete cement mortar 4 at different elevations in the dam body, the strain of the concrete cement mortar at different elevations in the dam body can be obtained after the dam normally operates, the horizontal position of the strain sensors 6 is in the horizontal measurement range of the displacement sensors, and the distance from the strain sensors 6 to the surface of the dam body is larger than 150 mm.
In some embodiments, the strain sensor 6 may employ a piezoelectric ceramic, an optical fiber, and/or a carbon fiber, among others.
In some embodiments, the displacement sensors are arranged outside the dam body 3 after the dam body is constructed, specifically, the displacement sensors are arranged outside the dam body in different regions (such as regions predicted to be in tension or in compression) according to the type of the selected displacement sensors, and the types of the displacement sensors arranged in the same region should be the same. Furthermore, the displacement sensors can be arranged at different elevations outside the dam body 3 to obtain the overall deformation of the dam body at different elevations after the normal operation of the dam, and the arrangement distance of the displacement sensors needs to exceed 450 mm.
In some embodiments, the displacement sensor employs a laser displacement gauge, a hydrostatic level gauge, and/or a GPS elevation gauge, among others.
In one embodiment, the displacement sensor adopts a laser displacement meter, a laser emitting end 1 of the laser displacement meter is arranged at a position A outside the dam body 3, a laser displacement meter receiving end 2 of the laser displacement meter is arranged at a position B outside the dam body 3, the dam can be subjected to the effects of water level pressure, temperature load and the like after normal operation, the whole dam body deformation between the position A and the position B is obtained through the laser displacement meter, the laser displacement meter transmits information to the data processor, and the data processor divides the whole dam body deformation between the position A and the position B by the distance between the position A and the position B to obtain the whole dam body strain between the position A and the position B.
In some embodiments, the data processor is arranged in the central control room, the data processor acquires data acquired by the strain code sensor 6 and the displacement sensor according to a certain frequency, the dam body overall strain acquired in the same area and the same time corresponds to the concrete cement mortar strain one by one according to the area to which the acquired data belong and the acquisition time, the difference value of the two is used as a strain difference, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation of the corresponding area is represented by the fluctuation of the strain difference of different areas along with the change of time, when the strain difference is larger, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is indicated to be larger, and conversely, when the strain difference is smaller, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is indicated to be smaller.
In some embodiments, the data processor is further configured to detect a magnitude of the strain difference, and issue a warning when the strain difference reaches a set threshold.
The method for monitoring the alkali aggregate reaction deformation of the concrete dam provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the disclosure comprises the following steps:
in the dam concrete pouring stage, strain sensors are distributed in concrete cement mortar of a dam body and are used for acquiring strain of the concrete cement mortar after the dam normally operates; after the dam construction is finished, arranging a displacement sensor outside the dam body to obtain the whole dam body displacement after the dam normally operates;
in the normal operation stage of the dam, the dam body is subjected to the action of water level pressure, temperature load and the like, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are used for respectively acquiring the strain of concrete cement mortar and the integral displacement of the dam body, the integral strain of the dam body is obtained according to the integral displacement of the dam body, the difference value between the integral strain of the dam body and the strain of the concrete cement mortar at the same time is used as strain difference, the influence of concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is represented by the fluctuation of the strain difference along with the change of time, when the strain difference is larger, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is larger, and conversely, when the strain difference is smaller, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is smaller.
In some embodiments, the method for monitoring alkali-aggregate reaction deformation of concrete dams according to the second aspect of the present disclosure further includes: when the strain difference reaches a set threshold value, an early warning is given out, the deformation risk of the dam body caused by concrete alkali-aggregate reaction expansion can be early warned in advance, and the dam site concrete health monitoring is guided.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, for the dam strain and the concrete cement mortar strain fluctuating with time obtained by the concrete dam alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, lines 1 and 2 in the drawing respectively represent a dam overall strain fluctuation curve in a tensile region and a concrete cement mortar strain fluctuation curve inside the dam, the strain in the tensile region is positive strain, lines 3 and 4 in the drawing respectively represent a dam overall strain fluctuation curve in a compressive region and a concrete cement mortar strain fluctuation curve inside the dam, and the strain in the compressive region is negative strain. According to the difference value of dam body strain and concrete cement mortar strain, namely the magnitude of strain difference, the monitoring process of the method is divided into three processes (corresponding to different stages of concrete alkali-aggregate reaction), which are respectively as follows: process a, process b and process c, each of which is described below:
In the process a: neglecting errors caused by uneven distribution of materials such as aggregate mortar and the like, the exterior and interior of the dam can be considered to generate equal waveform strain, namely the strain difference in the stage a is 0, the dam in the tension area generates fluctuating positive strain, and the dam in the compression area generates fluctuating negative strain, as shown by four curves in the process a time range in fig. 2, in the process, the strain difference is 0, so that the starting time of the monitoring method is taken as the starting time of the process a, and the time when the strain difference is not zero is taken as the ending time of the process a.
In the process b: the concrete alkali aggregate reaction begins to occur in the dam body, alkali aggregate reaction gel generated by the concrete alkali aggregate reaction absorbs water and expands, and is accumulated at the interface of aggregate and mortar, so that the whole dam body expands, and the strain is positively increased. Analysis shows that when the dam body is pulled, the overall strain generated by the concrete dam body is increased, and as shown by a line 1 in fig. 2, the fluctuation curve is in an ascending trend; when the dam body is pressed, the whole concrete dam body generates negative strain, and as shown by a line 3 in fig. 2, the absolute value of the fluctuation curve changes along with the external conditions on the dam body. The mortar is subjected to continuously accumulated expansion stress due to the reaction of concrete alkali aggregate in the dam body, and continuously increased compressive strain is generated. Analysis shows that when the dam body is pulled, the overall positive strain of the dam body is increased, and the compressive strain borne by the mortar is increased due to the reaction expansion of the concrete alkali aggregate, and the positive strain borne by the mortar in the dam body is reduced, and as shown by a line 2 in fig. 2, the fluctuation curve is in a descending trend; when the dam body is pressed, the alkali aggregate reaction expansion causes the increase of the compressive strain on the mortar, which is shown as the increase of the negative strain on the internal mortar, and as shown by the line 4 in fig. 2, the absolute value of the fluctuation curve is in an ascending trend. It can be observed that the waveforms of line 1 and line 2 in fig. 2 are different gradually at the pulled part of the dam body, and the difference is the influence caused by the alkali aggregate reaction; meanwhile, the difference gradually appears in the waveforms of the line 3 and the line 4 in fig. 2 when the pressed part of the dam body is observed, and the difference is also the influence caused by the alkali aggregate reaction. The swelling amount caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction can be equivalently calculated by calculating the strain difference and combining the parameters of mechanical property, aggregate content and the like of dam concrete (see the following documents of underflue of coarse aggregate size on determination of coherent afected by alkali-aggregate reaction, the document is https:// authors. echo. com/a/1enLz3O1E1 Qbxy). The alkali-aggregate reaction has different expansion speeds according to different reaction stages, and the influence on the concrete structure is changed. In the process b, the alkali aggregate reaction speed is low, the influence degree on the dam body is small, the difference between the overall strain of the dam body and the strain of the concrete cement mortar at the moment can be monitored in a tension area, the change of the difference value delta a between the overall strain of the dam body and the strain of the concrete cement mortar is small, the difference value delta c between the overall strain of the dam body and the strain of the concrete cement mortar at the moment can be monitored in the tension area, and the change of the difference value delta c between the overall strain of the dam body and the strain of the concrete cement mortar is small. Therefore, the end time of the process a is set as the start time of the process b, and the end time of the process b is set as the time when the strain difference change is large.
In the process c: the concrete alkali aggregate reaction speed is accelerated, the influence degree on the dam body is large, the integral strain difference value delta b of the dam body at the moment can be monitored for a tension area, the integral strain difference value delta d of the dam body at the moment can be monitored for the tension area, and the strain difference value delta b and the strain difference value delta d are gradually increased along with the monitoring time. Therefore, the end time of the process b is set as the start time of the process c, and the end time of the present detection method is set as the end time of the process c.
In conclusion, the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction process can be reflected by observing the change of the strain difference in different processes, and the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body can be represented according to the change of the strain difference.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring facilities which characterized in that includes:
the strain sensor is arranged in concrete cement mortar of the dam body in the concrete pouring stage of the dam body and is used for acquiring the strain of the concrete cement mortar in the dam body after the dam normally operates;
the displacement sensors are arranged on the outer side of the dam body and used for acquiring the integral deformation of the dam body after the dam normally operates; and
and the data processor is used for obtaining the dam body overall strain after the dam normally operates according to the dam body overall strain obtained by the displacement sensor, taking the difference value between the dam body overall strain and the concrete cement mortar strain in the same time period as a strain difference, representing the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation by using the fluctuation of the strain difference along with the change of time, indicating that the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is larger when the strain difference is larger, and indicating that the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the dam body deformation is smaller when the strain difference is smaller.
2. The concrete dam alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment of claim 1, wherein the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are arranged in the dam body and outside the dam body in different areas.
3. The concrete dam alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontal position of the strain sensor is within the horizontal measurement range of the displacement sensor, and the distance from the strain sensor to the dam body surface is greater than 150 mm.
4. The concrete dam alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the strain sensor is piezoelectric ceramic, optical fiber or carbon fiber.
5. The concrete dam alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the distance between the displacement sensors is more than 450 mm.
6. The concrete dam alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment of claim 1, wherein the displacement sensor is a laser displacement sensor, a static level gauge or a GPS elevation measuring instrument.
7. The concrete dam alkali-aggregate reaction deformation monitoring equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the data processor is further configured to detect the magnitude of the strain difference, and when the strain difference reaches a set threshold, send out an early warning.
8. A concrete dam alkali aggregate reaction deformation monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the dam concrete pouring stage, strain sensors are distributed in concrete cement mortar of the dam; after the dam construction is finished, arranging a displacement sensor on the outer side of the dam body;
in the normal operation stage of the dam, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are used for respectively acquiring the strain of the concrete cement mortar and the integral displacement of the dam body, the integral strain of the dam body is obtained according to the integral displacement of the dam body, the difference value between the integral strain of the dam body and the strain of the concrete cement mortar at the same time is used as a strain difference, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is represented by the fluctuation of the strain difference along with the change of time, when the strain difference is larger, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is larger, and when the strain difference is smaller, the influence of the concrete alkali-aggregate reaction on the deformation of the dam body is smaller.
9. The method for monitoring alkali-aggregate reaction deformation of a concrete dam according to claim 8, wherein the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are arranged in the dam body and outside the dam body in regions.
10. The method for monitoring alkali-aggregate reaction deformation of the concrete dam according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising: and when the strain difference reaches a set threshold value, giving out an early warning.
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