CN114754020B - Compressor surge monitoring system and monitoring method based on intake noise characteristics - Google Patents
Compressor surge monitoring system and monitoring method based on intake noise characteristics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114754020B CN114754020B CN202210406406.4A CN202210406406A CN114754020B CN 114754020 B CN114754020 B CN 114754020B CN 202210406406 A CN202210406406 A CN 202210406406A CN 114754020 B CN114754020 B CN 114754020B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- surge
- sound pressure
- pressure
- control unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
Abstract
The invention discloses a compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics, which comprises a compressor, wherein an intake noise testing pipeline is arranged in front of the input of the compressor, a microphone array is arranged on the wall surface of the intake pipeline, and the microphone array is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and is connected with a signal acquisition module. According to the surge monitoring method, a sound pressure spectrogram is obtained through processing according to collected sound pressure data of noise of the air inlet pipeline, surge early warning of the compressor is carried out according to sound pressure value change of a low frequency band, and surge is carried out according to comparison of flow rate falling speed and pressure ratio falling speed when surge occurs, and asthma relief is achieved by reducing the rotating speed or increasing the opening of an outlet regulating valve of the compressor. The invention provides the surge early warning characteristic index of sound pressure data of the noise of the air inlet pipeline, and provides the surge relief control strategy, the early warning time is earlier, the surge relief is quicker, the system is easy to realize, and the method is simple and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compressors, in particular to a compressor surge monitoring system and a monitoring method based on intake noise characteristics.
Background
The internal flow phenomenon of a modern compressor is complex, stall and surge are serious instability phenomena of the compressor when the compressor is operated at a small flow rate under the influence of factors such as working condition change, and the serious instability phenomena are often accompanied by severe airflow parameter fluctuation and vibration of structural components, and can cause serious faults and shutdown of a unit. The severity of stall and surge consequences has become one of the core problems limiting the wide operating range and high efficiency operation of compressors. Advanced compressor systems generally have the actual requirements of wide-working-condition high-performance operation, and effective and reliable surge early warning and anti-surge control methods are important points of attention in order to ensure long-period stable operation and avoid stall or surge working conditions to the maximum extent.
The noise of the compressor operation is derived from pneumatic noise and structural noise, wherein the pneumatic noise caused by the internal flow field in the compressor is a main source of noise, and particularly for a medium-high rotating speed compressor, the turbulent motion of the internal flow field is stronger due to higher airflow speed and inlet local ultrasonic wave, and the pneumatic noise is larger in proportion. In actual operation, because of the complex on-site noise source, the conventional pipe orifice noise test is difficult to effectively separate out the pneumatic noise, and the noise in the measuring pipe can effectively remove the structural noise.
At present, surge early warning and anti-surge control of a compressor are generally based on monitoring of intake and exhaust pressure and flow data, and when intake and exhaust pressure pulsation occurs to a large extent and low-frequency components or flow is smaller than a threshold value, an anti-surge emptying valve is started to realize anti-surge. Because of the field clutter interference, the compressor often enters into deep surge when the pressure has obvious low-frequency pulsation component in practice, and the false alarm is often caused when the flow threshold value is set to be higher, the existing method has poor effects on timely finding surge precursors, realizing early warning of surge and anti-surge control.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a compressor surge monitoring system based on the characteristics of intake noise, which can discover surge precursors in time and realize early warning of surge.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, including:
the compressor surge monitoring system based on the intake noise characteristic is characterized in that a flow meter and an intake noise test pipeline are sequentially arranged on an input pipeline of a compressor along the input direction; a microphone array for acquiring sound pressure data is arranged on the wall surface of the air inlet noise test pipeline;
the system further comprises: the terminal comprises a signal acquisition module and a terminal control unit; the receiving end of the signal acquisition module is respectively connected with the flowmeter and the microphone array to respectively acquire flow and sound pressure data of the compressor; the output end of the signal acquisition module is connected with the terminal control unit, and the flow and sound pressure data of the compressor are sent to the terminal control unit; and the terminal control unit is used for carrying out surge monitoring according to the flow and sound pressure data of the compressor.
Preferably, the compressor is connected with the motor; an inlet pressure transmitter is arranged at the front end of the flowmeter along the input direction on the input pipeline of the compressor; an exhaust pressure transmitter and a regulating valve are sequentially arranged on an output pipeline of the compressor along the output direction;
the receiving end of the signal acquisition module is also respectively connected with an air inlet pressure transmitter and an air outlet pressure transmitter, respectively acquires the air inlet pressure and the air outlet pressure of the compressor, and sends the air inlet pressure and the air outlet pressure of the compressor to the terminal control unit; the terminal control unit is connected with the motor and the regulating valve, and the asthma relief control is performed by controlling the rotating speed of the motor and the opening of the regulating valve.
Preferably, a throttle valve is further arranged at the front end of the air inlet pressure transmitter along the input direction on the input pipeline of the compressor; the terminal control unit is connected with the throttle valve and used for controlling the opening degree of the throttle valve.
Preferably, the microphone array comprises a plurality of microphones which are installed on the inner wall surface of the air inlet noise testing pipeline in a flush way along the circumferential direction and are annularly arranged along the circumferential direction at equal angles; the axial distance between the microphone array and the inlet of the compressor is greater than 3 times of the inner diameter of the pipeline.
Preferably, the number of microphones of the microphone array ranges from 30 to 40.
Preferably, the discharge pressure transmitter is spaced from the compressor outlet by more than 5 times the inner diameter of the conduit.
Preferably, the surge monitoring comprises the steps of:
s11, the compressor operates under set working condition parameters, wherein the working condition parameters comprise: the rotation speed n and the flow m;
s12, acquiring the flow m (t) of the compressor in real time by a flowmeter, acquiring sound pressure time domain data p (t) of the compressor in real time by a microphone array, acquiring the flow m (t) of the compressor and the sound pressure time domain data p (t) in real time by a signal acquisition module, and sending the flow m (t) and the sound pressure time domain data p (t) to a terminal control unit;
s13, the terminal control unit performs frequency domain transformation on the sound pressure time domain data p (t) to obtain a sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f); wherein t represents time, f represents frequency, and p represents sound pressure value;
s14, the terminal control unit performs surge judgment according to the flow m (t) of the compressor and the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f),
if the flow m (t) is greater than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr The compressor is in a stable operating state;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr The fluctuation of the sound pressure value of the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band does not exceed a set fluctuation threshold value, and the compressor is in a critical and stable running state; wherein the low frequency band refers to frequency f<δf rot Frequency band f of (f) rot For compressor rotation, δ is a scale factor less than 1;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr And if the sound pressure value of the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band is increased and exceeds the set sound pressure threshold value, the compressor is judged to enter the surge working condition.
Preferably, the asthma relief control includes the steps of:
s21, the compressor is in the work of settlementOperating under condition parameters, the condition parameters include: rotational speed n and intake pressure p i Exhaust pressure p d Flow m, pressure ratio epsilon=p d /p i ；
S22, an air inlet pressure transmitter acquires air inlet pressure p of the compressor in real time i (t), the flowmeter collects the flow m (t) of the compressor in real time, the microphone array collects the sound pressure time domain data p (t) of the compressor in real time, and the exhaust pressure transmitter collects the exhaust pressure p of the compressor in real time d (t) the signal acquisition module acquires the air inlet pressure p of the compressor in real time i (t), flow rate m (t), sound pressure time domain data p (t), exhaust pressure p d (t) and transmitting to the terminal control unit;
s23, the terminal control unit performs frequency domain transformation on the sound pressure time domain data p (t) to obtain a sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f); t represents time, f represents frequency, and p represents sound pressure value;
s24, the terminal control unit performs surge judgment according to the flow m (t) of the compressor and the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f),
if the flow m (t) is greater than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr The compressor is in a stable operating state;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr The fluctuation of the sound pressure value of the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band does not exceed a set fluctuation threshold value, and the compressor is in a critical and stable running state;
wherein the low frequency band refers to frequency f<δf rot Frequency band f of (f) rot For compressor rotation, δ is a scale factor less than 1;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr If the sound pressure value of the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band is increased and exceeds a set sound pressure threshold value, judging that the compressor enters a surge working condition, and recording the surge flow m when the compressor enters the surge working condition from a critical stable operation state cr Surge intake pressure p icr Surge exhaust pressure p dcr Surge pressure ratio epsilon cr ＝p dcr /p icr ；
S24, if the compressor is in a stable or critical stable running state, the terminal control unit 10 does not output a control signal, namely, the rotating speed of the motor and the opening of the regulating valve are not controlled;
if the compressor enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d (m (t)/m) cr ) The/dt is higher than the pressure ratio decreasing speed d (epsilon (t)/epsilon) cr ) If the flow is greater than the set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve, the terminal control unit sends out a control signal to reduce the rotating speed of the motor;
wherein ε (t) =p d (t)/p i (t)；
If the compressor enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d (m (t)/m) cr ) The/dt is lower than the pressure ratio decreasing speed d (epsilon (t)/epsilon) cr ) If the flow rate is greater than the set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve, the terminal control unit sends a control signal to increase the opening of the regulating valve;
if the compressor enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d (m (t)/m) cr ) /d is equal to the pressure ratio decreasing speed d (epsilon (t)/epsilon) cr ) If/dt, the terminal control unit sends out any one control signal of reducing the rotation speed of the motor and increasing the opening of the regulating valve, and then further according to the flow rate reducing speed d (m (t)/m) cr ) Speed of decrease of/d to pressure ratio d (ε (t)/ε) cr ) And sending out a corresponding control signal until the flow is greater than a set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve according to the magnitude relation of/dt.
Preferably, the terminal control unit controls the opening degrees of the throttle valve and the regulating valve, and the rotating speed of the motor, so that the compressor operates under set working condition parameters, wherein the working condition parameters comprise: rotational speed n and intake pressure p i Exhaust pressure p d Flow m, pressure ratio epsilon=p d /p i 。
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the compressor surge monitoring system based on the intake noise characteristics, through monitoring the sound pressure data of the intake pipeline noise, the sound pressure characteristic change during surge is timely and accurately identified, and early warning of the compressor surge working condition is facilitated.
(2) According to the invention, the microphone array is arranged on the wall surface of the air inlet pipeline, the noise characteristic in the pipe is measured, and the influence of on-site structural noise can be effectively removed; the microphone is arranged flush with the inner wall of the pipeline, so that the flow field of the compressor is not disturbed, and non-invasive measurement is realized; the microphones are arranged along the circumferential equiangular direction, clutter signals can be effectively removed in the measuring mode of the annular array, premonitory features of sound pressure changes of different frequency bands before surging are accurately identified, and early surging early warning is achieved.
(3) According to the invention, the air inlet noise testing pipeline is arranged in front of the compressor, the axial position and the hole number of the microphone array arranged on the pipe wall can be adjusted according to the sound pressure measurement precision requirement and the channel condition of the signal acquisition acoustic module, and compared with the case where the microphone array is directly arranged at the inlet of the compressor, the air inlet noise testing pipeline does not need to modify the body structure of the compressor, and the adjustment of the microphone array scheme is easier to realize.
(4) The exhaust pressure transmitter is positioned above the inner diameter of the downstream pipeline of the compressor outlet, is beneficial to fully mixing an upstream flow field and reduces high-frequency noise of pressure measurement.
(5) According to the compressor surge monitoring system based on the intake noise characteristic, surge early warning is carried out by measuring the sound pressure characteristic of the intake pipeline noise of the compressor, the surge relief control strategy is determined according to the comparison result of the flow and the pressure ratio dropping speed when surge occurs, the early warning time is earlier, surge relief is quicker, other operation logic is not required to be added, the control decision is very reliable, the surge relief process is quicker, the system is easy to realize, and the method is simple, convenient and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surge monitoring system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a compressor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a compressor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microphone array of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a sound pressure spectrum plot of the surge condition and critical steady operation condition of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a sound pressure time domain diagram for entering a surge condition.
FIG. 7 is a time domain plot of intake pressure entering a surge condition.
FIG. 8 is a time domain plot of intake pressure versus exiting a surge condition based on the methods of the present invention and conventional methods.
The corresponding relation between the reference numbers and the components in the figures is as follows:
1-a throttle valve; 2-an intake pressure transmitter; 3-a flow meter; 4-microphone arrays; 5-compressor; 6-a variable frequency motor; 7-an exhaust pressure transmitter; 8-a regulating valve; 9-a signal acquisition module; 10-a terminal control unit; 41-intake noise test tubing.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics of the present invention includes a compressor 5; a throttle valve 1, an air inlet pressure transmitter 2, a flowmeter 3 and an air inlet noise test pipeline 41 are sequentially arranged on an input pipeline of the compressor 5 along the input direction, and a microphone array 4 is arranged on the wall surface of the air inlet noise test pipeline 41; an exhaust pressure transmitter 7 and a regulating valve 8 are sequentially arranged on an output pipeline of the compressor 5 along the input direction; the compressor 5 is connected with a variable frequency motor 6. The surge monitoring system also comprises a signal acquisition module 9 and a terminal control unit 10; the receiving end of the signal acquisition module 9 is connected with the air inlet pressure transmitter 2, the flowmeter 3, the microphone array 4 and the exhaust pressure transmitter 7 to acquire air inlet pressure, flow, sound pressure data and exhaust pressure of the compressor 5; the output end of the signal acquisition module 9 is connected with the terminal control unit 10, and the air inlet pressure, flow, sound pressure data and exhaust pressure of the compressor 5 are sent to the terminal control unit 10; the terminal control unit 10 is connected with the throttle valve 1, the variable frequency motor 6 and the regulating valve 8, and is used for controlling the opening degrees of the throttle valve 1 and the regulating valve 8 and the rotating speed of the variable frequency motor 6.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the microphone array 4 includes a plurality of microphones which are mounted flush on the inner wall surface of the intake noise testing pipe 41 in the circumferential direction and are arranged in a ring shape at equal angles in the circumferential direction; in this embodiment, the number of microphones of the microphone array 4 ranges from 30 to 40. The axial distance between the microphone array 4 and the inlet of the compressor 5 is more than 3 pipe inner diameters, namely, the axial distance between the microphone array 4 and the inlet of the compressor 5 is more than 3 pipe inner diameters. The invention adopts the annular microphone array to measure and process the multipoint sound pressure signals, is favorable for eliminating clutter interference, and is provided with the air inlet noise test pipeline 41 in front of the compressor 5, thereby avoiding directly opening microphone holes on the casing of the compressor 5 and being convenient for adjusting the microphone array form, the number of microphones and the axial position.
In the invention, the sound pressure data collected by the microphones are subjected to denoising and abnormal elimination by using the prior art, and the sound pressure data of the compressor 5 can be finally and accurately obtained by using the related data processing method of the prior art, such as an average value taking method.
The exhaust pressure transmitter 7 is positioned above the inner diameter of the 5 pipelines at the downstream of the compressor outlet, namely, the distance between the exhaust pressure transmitter 7 and the compressor 5 outlet is larger than 5 times of the inner diameter of the pipelines, which is favorable for fully mixing an upstream flow field and reducing high-frequency noise of pressure measurement.
According to the compressor surge monitoring system based on the intake noise characteristics, through monitoring the sound pressure data of the intake pipeline noise, the sound pressure characteristic change during surge is timely and accurately identified, and early warning of the surge working condition of the compressor 5 is facilitated.
The surge monitoring method of the invention comprises the following steps:
s11, the terminal control unit 10 changes the flow, the air inlet pressure and the rotating speed of the compressor 5 by controlling the opening degrees of the throttle valve 1 and the regulating valve 8 and the rotating speed of the motor 6, and correspondingly changes the exhaust pressure while regulating the flow, so that the compressor 5 operates under the set working condition parameters,the working condition parameters include: rotational speed n and intake pressure p i Exhaust pressure p d Flow m, pressure ratio epsilon=p d /p i ；
S12, the compressor 5 operates under set working condition parameters, the flowmeter 3 acquires the flow m (t) of the compressor 5 in real time, the microphone array 4 acquires the sound pressure time domain data p (t) of the compressor 5 in real time, and the signal acquisition module 9 acquires the flow m (t) of the compressor 5 and the sound pressure time domain data p (t) in real time and sends the flow m (t) and the sound pressure time domain data p (t) to the terminal control unit 10;
s13, the terminal control unit 10 performs frequency domain transformation on the sound pressure time domain data p (t) to obtain a sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f); wherein t represents time, f represents frequency, and p represents sound pressure value;
s14, the terminal control unit 10 performs surge judgment according to the flow m (t) of the compressor 5 and the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f),
if the flow m (t) is greater than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr The compressor 5 is in a stable operation state; wherein each rotating speed corresponds to a rotating speed characteristic curve, and each rotating speed characteristic curve corresponds to a set threshold value m thr The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The corresponding rotational speed characteristic curve refers to: a rotational speed characteristic curve corresponding to the current operation rotational speed;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr And the fluctuation of the sound pressure value of the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band does not exceed the set fluctuation threshold, the compressor 5 is in a critical and stable running state; wherein the low frequency band refers to frequency f<δf rot Frequency band f of (f) rot For compressor rotation frequency, f rot ＝n rot /60，n rot Is the compressor speed; δ is a scale factor of less than 1, in this example δ=0.2;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr And the sound pressure value of the sound pressure spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band is increased and exceeds the set sound pressure threshold value, the compressor 5 is judged to enter the surge working condition. The judgment can be performed by increasing the sound pressure value, and if the increasing multiple of the sound pressure value exceeds the set multiple, the compressor 5 is judged to enter the surge working condition.
According to the surge early warning method, surge early warning is carried out by measuring the sound pressure characteristic of the noise of the air inlet pipeline of the compressor, the surge relief control strategy is determined according to the comparison result of the flow and the pressure ratio dropping speed when surge occurs, the early warning time is earlier, the surge relief is quicker, the system is easy to realize, and the method is simple and reliable.
The asthma relieving control of the invention comprises the following steps:
s21, the terminal control unit 10 changes the flow, the air inlet pressure and the rotating speed of the compressor 5 by controlling the opening degrees of the throttle valve 1 and the regulating valve 8 and the rotating speed of the motor 6, and the exhaust pressure correspondingly changes when the flow is regulated, so that the compressor 5 operates under set working condition parameters, wherein the working condition parameters comprise: rotational speed n and intake pressure p i Exhaust pressure p d Flow m, pressure ratio epsilon=p d /p i ；
S22, the compressor 5 operates under the set working condition parameters, and the air inlet pressure transmitter 2 acquires the air inlet pressure p of the compressor 5 in real time i (t), the flowmeter 3 collects the flow m (t) of the compressor 5 in real time, the microphone array 4 collects the sound pressure time domain data p (t) of the compressor 5 in real time, and the exhaust pressure transmitter 7 collects the exhaust pressure p of the compressor 5 in real time d (t) the signal acquisition module 9 acquires the intake pressure p of the compressor 5 in real time i (t), flow rate m (t), sound pressure time domain data p (t), exhaust pressure p d (t) and sent to the terminal control unit 10;
s23, the terminal control unit 10 performs frequency domain transformation on the sound pressure time domain data p (t) to obtain a sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f); t represents time, f represents frequency, and p represents sound pressure value;
s24, the terminal control unit 10 performs surge judgment according to the flow m (t) of the compressor 5 and the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f),
if the flow m (t) is greater than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr The compressor 5 is in a stable operation state; wherein each rotating speed corresponds to a rotating speed characteristic curve, and each rotating speed characteristic curve corresponds to a set threshold value m thr The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The corresponding rotational speed characteristic curve refers to: a rotational speed characteristic curve corresponding to the current operation rotational speed;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr And the fluctuation of the sound pressure value of the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band does not exceed the set fluctuation threshold, the compressor 5 is in a critical and stable running state; wherein the low frequency band refers to frequency f<δf rot Frequency band f of (f) rot For compressor rotation frequency, f rot ＝n rot /60，n rot Is the compressor speed; δ is a scale factor of less than 1, in this example δ=0.2;
if the flow m (t) is smaller than the set threshold m of the corresponding rotation speed characteristic curve thr If the sound pressure value of the sound pressure frequency spectrum p (f) in the low frequency band is increased and exceeds the set sound pressure threshold value, the compressor 5 is judged to enter a surge working condition, and the surge flow m when the compressor 5 enters the surge working condition from the critical stable operation state is recorded cr Surge intake pressure p icr Surge exhaust pressure p dcr Surge pressure ratio epsilon cr ＝p dcr /p icr ；
S25, if the compressor 5 is in a stable or critical stable running state, the terminal control unit 10 does not output a control signal, namely, the rotation speed of the motor 6 and the opening of the regulating valve 8 are not controlled;
if the compressor 5 enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d (m (t)/m) cr ) The/dt is higher than the pressure ratio decreasing speed d (epsilon (t)/epsilon) cr ) If/dt, the terminal control unit 10 sends out a control signal to reduce the rotating speed of the motor 6 until the flow rate is greater than the set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve;
wherein ε (t) =p d (t)/p i (t)；
If the compressor 5 enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d (m (t)/m) cr ) The/dt is lower than the pressure ratio decreasing speed d (epsilon (t)/epsilon) cr ) If/dt, the terminal control unit 10 sends a control signal to increase the opening of the regulating valve 8 until the flow rate exceeds a set threshold value of the corresponding rotational speed characteristic curve.
If the compressor 5 enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d (m (t)/m) cr ) /d is equal to the pressure ratio decreasing speed d (epsilon (t)/epsilon) cr ) If/dt, the terminal control unit 10 sends out any one of control signals for reducing the rotation speed of the motor 6 and increasing the opening of the regulating valve 8, and then further sends outAccording to the rate of flow decrease d (m (t)/m) cr ) Speed of decrease of/d to pressure ratio d (ε (t)/ε) cr ) And sending out a corresponding control signal until the flow is greater than a set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve according to the magnitude relation of/dt.
Examples
By using the compressor surge monitoring system and the monitoring method based on the intake noise characteristic, which are provided by the invention, surge of a certain compressor is monitored, the regulating valve 8 is gradually closed, and timing is performed from entering a critical steady running state, so that the time when the compressor enters the surge is monitored to be about 1.1 seconds, as shown in fig. 6. If conventional surge monitoring using intake pressure is used, the compressor is monitored to enter surge after 1.9 seconds, as shown in FIG. 7. Therefore, the compressor surge monitoring system based on the intake noise characteristic provided by the invention can accurately identify the change of the sound pressure characteristic in surge in time by monitoring the sound pressure data of the intake pipeline noise, and is beneficial to early warning of the compressor surge working condition.
By utilizing the compressor surge monitoring system and the compressor surge monitoring method based on the intake noise characteristic, which are provided by the invention, when a surge working condition is entered, the flow rate reduction speed d (m (t)/m is calculated cr ) The/dt is 0.53, and the pressure ratio is decreased by d (ε (t)/ε) cr ) And/dt is 0.47, and the flow rate drop rate d (m (t)/m) is judged cr ) The/dt is higher than the pressure ratio decreasing speed d (epsilon (t)/epsilon) cr ) And/dt, the terminal control unit 10 sends out a surge relief control signal, the rotating speed of the motor 6 is reduced until the flow rate is larger than the set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve, and the time is counted from the moment when the terminal control unit 10 sends out the surge relief control signal, as shown in fig. 8, after the rotating speed of the motor 6 is reduced for about 0.7 seconds, the compressor realizes complete surge relief, however, a conventional mode of opening the regulating valve 8 is adopted for about 1.3 seconds to realize complete surge relief. Therefore, the invention decides the asthma-relieving control strategy according to the comparison result of the flow and the pressure ratio dropping speed when surge occurs, the asthma relieving is quicker, the control decision is reliable without adding other operation logic, the asthma relieving process is quicker, and the method is simple and reliable.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The compressor surge monitoring system based on the intake noise characteristics is characterized in that a flowmeter (3) and an intake noise test pipeline (41) are sequentially arranged on an input pipeline of a compressor (5) along the input direction; a microphone array (4) for collecting sound pressure data is arranged on the wall surface of the air inlet noise test pipeline (41);
the system further comprises: the system comprises a signal acquisition module (9) and a terminal control unit (10); the receiving end of the signal acquisition module (9) is respectively connected with the flowmeter (3) and the microphone array (4) to respectively acquire flow and sound pressure data of the compressor (5); the output end of the signal acquisition module (9) is connected with the terminal control unit (10) and is used for sending flow and sound pressure data of the compressor (5) to the terminal control unit (10); the terminal control unit (10) is used for carrying out surge monitoring according to the flow and sound pressure data of the compressor (5);
the surge monitoring comprises the following steps:
s11, the compressor (5) operates under set working condition parameters, wherein the working condition parameters comprise: rotational speednFlow rate and flow ratem；
S12, the flowmeter (3) collects the flow of the compressor (5) in real timem(t)The microphone array (4) collects the sound pressure time domain data of the compressor (5) in real timep(t)The signal acquisition module (9) acquires the flow of the compressor (5) in real timem(t)Sound pressure time domain datap(t)And sent to the terminal control unit (10);
s13, the terminal control unit (10) performs the sound pressure time domain datap(t)Frequency domain transformation is carried out to obtain sound pressure frequency spectrump(f)The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein,tthe time is represented by the time period of the day,fthe frequency is represented by a frequency value,prepresenting a sound pressure value;
s14, the terminal control unit (10) controls the flow rate of the compressor (5)m(t)And sound pressure spectrump(f)The surge judgment is carried out,
if the flow rate ism(t)Greater than the corresponding rotation speedSetting threshold of characteristic curvem thr The compressor (5) is in a stable operating state;
if the flow rate ism(t)Less than a set threshold value of a corresponding rotational speed characteristic curvem thr And sound pressure spectrump(f)The fluctuation of the sound pressure value in the low frequency range does not exceed the set fluctuation threshold value, and the compressor (5) is in a critical stable running state; wherein the low frequency band refers to frequencyf<δf rot Is used for the frequency band of (a),f rot for the purpose of compressor rotation frequency,δa scale factor of less than 1;
if the flow rate ism(t)Less than a set threshold value of a corresponding rotational speed characteristic curvem thr And sound pressure spectrump(f)And when the sound pressure value in the low frequency range is increased and exceeds the set sound pressure threshold value, judging that the compressor (5) enters a surge working condition.
2. Compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor (5) is connected to an electric motor (6); an inlet pressure transmitter (2) is further arranged at the front end of the flowmeter (3) along the input direction on an input pipeline of the compressor (5); an exhaust pressure transmitter (7) and a regulating valve (8) are sequentially arranged on an output pipeline of the compressor (5) along the output direction;
the receiving end of the signal acquisition module (9) is also respectively connected with an air inlet pressure transmitter (2) and an air outlet pressure transmitter (7), respectively acquires the air inlet pressure and the air outlet pressure of the compressor (5), and sends the air inlet pressure and the air outlet pressure of the compressor (5) to the terminal control unit (10); the terminal control unit (10) is connected with the motor (6) and the regulating valve (8), and the asthma relief control is performed by controlling the rotating speed of the motor (6) and the opening of the regulating valve (8).
3. Compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that the inlet line of the compressor (5) is further provided with a throttle valve (1) at the front end of the intake pressure transmitter (2) in the input direction; the terminal control unit (10) is connected with the throttle valve (1) and used for controlling the opening degree of the throttle valve.
4. A compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the microphone array (4) comprises a number of microphones which are mounted circumferentially flush to the inner wall surface of the intake noise test tube (41), arranged circumferentially equiangular in a ring; the axial distance between the microphone array (4) and the inlet of the compressor (5) is more than 3 times of the inner diameter of the pipeline.
5. The compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics of claim 4, wherein the number of microphones of the microphone array (4) ranges from 30 to 40.
6. A compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the exhaust pressure transmitter (7) is more than 5 times the pipe inner diameter from the compressor (5) outlet.
7. A monitoring method applicable to the compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the surge relief control includes the steps of:
s21, the compressor (5) operates under set working condition parameters, wherein the working condition parameters comprise: rotational speednIntake pressurep i Exhaust pressurep d Flow rate and flow ratemRatio of pressureε=p d /p i ；
S22, an air inlet pressure transmitter (2) acquires the air inlet pressure of the compressor (5) in real timep i (t)The flowmeter (3) collects the flow of the compressor (5) in real timem(t)The microphone array (4) collects the sound pressure time domain data of the compressor (5) in real timep(t)The exhaust pressure transmitter (7) collects the exhaust pressure of the compressor (5) in real timep d (t)The signal acquisition module (9) acquires the air inlet pressure of the compressor (5) in real timep i (t)Flow rate and flow ratem(t)Sound pressure time domain datap(t)Exhaust pressurep d (t)And sent to the terminal control unit (10);
s23, the terminal control unit (10) performs the sound pressure time domain datap(t)Frequency domain transformation is carried out to obtain sound pressure frequency spectrump(f)；tThe time is represented by the time period of the day,fthe frequency is represented by a frequency value,prepresenting a sound pressure value;
s24, the terminal control unit (10) controls the flow rate of the compressor (5)m(t)And sound pressure spectrump(f)The surge judgment is carried out,
if the flow rate ism(t)Set threshold value greater than corresponding rotation speed characteristic curvem thr The compressor (5) is in a stable operating state;
if the flow rate ism(t)Less than a set threshold value of a corresponding rotational speed characteristic curvem thr And sound pressure spectrump(f)The fluctuation of the sound pressure value in the low frequency range does not exceed the set fluctuation threshold value, and the compressor (5) is in a critical stable running state;
wherein the low frequency band refers to frequencyf<δf rot Is used for the frequency band of (a),f rot for the purpose of compressor rotation frequency,δa scale factor of less than 1;
if the flow rate ism(t)Less than a set threshold value of a corresponding rotational speed characteristic curvem thr And sound pressure spectrump(f)When the sound pressure value in the low frequency range is increased and exceeds a set sound pressure threshold value, judging that the compressor (5) enters a surge working condition, and recording the surge flow of the compressor (5) when entering the surge working condition from a critical stable operation statem cr Surge intake pressurep icr Surge exhaust pressurep dcr Surge pressure ratioε cr =p dcr /p icr ；
S24, if the compressor (5) is in a stable or critical stable running state, the terminal control unit 10 does not output a control signal, namely, the rotating speed of the motor (6) and the opening of the regulating valve (8) are not controlled;
if the compressor (5) enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d(m(t)/m cr )/dtHigher than the pressure ratio falling speed d(ε (t)/ε cr )/dtThe terminal control unit (10) sends out a control signal to reduce the rotating speed of the motor (6) until the flow is greater than a set threshold value of a corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve;
wherein,ε(t)=p d (t)/p i (t)；
if the compressor (5) enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d(m(t)/m cr )/dtLower than the pressure ratio drop rate d(ε (t)/ε cr )/dtThe terminal control unit (10) sends out a control signal to increase the opening of the regulating valve (8) until the flow is greater than a set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve;
if the compressor (5) enters a surge condition, and the flow rate decreases at a rate d(m(t)/m cr )/d is equal to the pressure ratio drop rate d(ε (t)/ε cr )/dtThe terminal control unit (10) sends out any one control signal of reducing the rotation speed of the motor (6) and increasing the opening of the regulating valve (8), and further according to the flow rate reducing speed d(m(t)/m cr )/d and the pressure ratio decreasing speed d(ε(t)/ε cr )/dtAnd sending out corresponding control signals until the flow is greater than the set threshold value of the corresponding rotating speed characteristic curve.
8. A monitoring method applicable to the compressor surge monitoring system based on intake noise characteristics as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the terminal control unit (10) controls the opening degrees of the throttle valve (1) and the regulating valve (8), and the rotation speed of the motor (6), so that the compressor (5) operates under set operating condition parameters, wherein the operating condition parameters include: rotational speednIntake pressurep i Exhaust pressurep d Flow rate and flow ratemRatio of pressureε=p d /p i。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210406406.4A CN114754020B (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Compressor surge monitoring system and monitoring method based on intake noise characteristics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210406406.4A CN114754020B (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Compressor surge monitoring system and monitoring method based on intake noise characteristics |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114754020A CN114754020A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
| CN114754020B true CN114754020B (en) | 2024-02-02 |
Family
ID=82331087
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210406406.4A Active CN114754020B (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Compressor surge monitoring system and monitoring method based on intake noise characteristics |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114754020B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116181679B (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-08-11 | Ihi寿力压缩技术（苏州）有限公司 | Compressor surge control system |
| CN117251738B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-01-23 | 四川中测仪器科技有限公司 | Data-based adjusting valve group vibration threshold setting method |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4971516A (en) * | 1988-05-04 | 1990-11-20 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Surge control in compressors |
| JPH11257295A (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Operation control device for moving vane variable axial flow fan |
| US5971712A (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1999-10-26 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Method for detecting the occurrence of surge in a centrifugal compressor |
| JP2002276590A (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-25 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Surging detecting device for compressor |
| JP2004308491A (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-11-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | Failure diagnosis device for secondary air supply device |
| JP2013079586A (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2013-05-02 | Ihi Corp | Centrifugal compression facility and method for preventing surging therein |
| CN203201847U (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-18 | 大唐安阳发电厂 | Blower surging measuring device |
| CN103821749A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-28 | 北京工业大学 | On-line diagnosis method of stall and surge of axial fan |
| CN108612664A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-02 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | A kind of automatic detection of surge in centrifugal compressors, regulating system |
| JP2018159306A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-11 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Turbo compressor |
| CN110608187A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2019-12-24 | 江西理工大学 | Axial flow compressor stall surge prediction device based on frequency characteristic change |
| CN110925233A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-27 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Compressor surge fault diagnosis method based on acoustic signals |
| CN111536069A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-14 | 上海电气鼓风机厂有限公司 | Anti-surge control method of single-stage high-speed centrifugal compressor |
| CN112268708A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-26 | 西北工业大学 | Axial flow turbine refined acoustic experimental device and experimental method |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1401663B1 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2013-08-02 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | DEVICE AND METHOD TO DETECT A OVERCURRENT IN A COMPRESSOR AND MOVE A CURRENT MARGIN. |
| EP2626569A1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for reducing pumps in a compressor |
| US9624936B2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2017-04-18 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Turbocompressor antisurge control by vibration monitoring |
| US9765688B2 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-09-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and system for controlling compressor surge |
| US9657660B2 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-05-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and system for surge control |
| US20200240424A1 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-30 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company , Llc | Surge determination and mitigation on Internal Combustion Engines |
-
2022
- 2022-04-18 CN CN202210406406.4A patent/CN114754020B/en active Active
Patent Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4971516A (en) * | 1988-05-04 | 1990-11-20 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Surge control in compressors |
| US5971712A (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1999-10-26 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Method for detecting the occurrence of surge in a centrifugal compressor |
| JPH11257295A (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Operation control device for moving vane variable axial flow fan |
| JP2002276590A (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-25 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Surging detecting device for compressor |
| JP2004308491A (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-11-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | Failure diagnosis device for secondary air supply device |
| JP2013079586A (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2013-05-02 | Ihi Corp | Centrifugal compression facility and method for preventing surging therein |
| CN203201847U (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-18 | 大唐安阳发电厂 | Blower surging measuring device |
| CN103821749A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-28 | 北京工业大学 | On-line diagnosis method of stall and surge of axial fan |
| JP2018159306A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-11 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Turbo compressor |
| CN108612664A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-02 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | A kind of automatic detection of surge in centrifugal compressors, regulating system |
| CN110608187A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2019-12-24 | 江西理工大学 | Axial flow compressor stall surge prediction device based on frequency characteristic change |
| CN110925233A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-27 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Compressor surge fault diagnosis method based on acoustic signals |
| CN111536069A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-14 | 上海电气鼓风机厂有限公司 | Anti-surge control method of single-stage high-speed centrifugal compressor |
| CN112268708A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-26 | 西北工业大学 | Axial flow turbine refined acoustic experimental device and experimental method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 废气涡轮增压器瞬态喘振机理及影响因素分析;凌旭;黄守辉;官庆武;刘敏;;噪声与振动控制(第01期);全文 * |
| 燃料电池车用离心压缩机窄带啸叫噪声实验测试与分析;韦开君;左曙光;吴旭东;万玉;许思传;;振动与冲击(第07期);全文 * |
| 离心压缩机的喘振分析与控制;肖绍嵩;压缩机技术(第03期);全文 * |
| 韦开君 ; 左曙光 ; 吴旭东 ; 万玉 ; 许思传 ; .燃料电池车用离心压缩机窄带啸叫噪声实验测试与分析.振动与冲击.2017,(第07期),全文. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114754020A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN114754020B (en) | Compressor surge monitoring system and monitoring method based on intake noise characteristics | |
| CN109190166B (en) | Cavitation judgment and state evaluation method and system for vane pump | |
| CN110608187A (en) | Axial flow compressor stall surge prediction device based on frequency characteristic change | |
| US7409854B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for determining an operating status of a turbine engine | |
| US20080034753A1 (en) | Turbocharger Systems and Methods for Operating the Same | |
| CA2493197C (en) | System and method for detecting rotating stall in a centrifugal compressor | |
| EP2129921B1 (en) | Method for detecting rotating stall in a compressor | |
| US11536285B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for diagnosing and controlling aerodynamic stability of compressor | |
| CN110410336B (en) | Automatic pump cavitation state identification method | |
| AU2013302569B2 (en) | System and method for detecting stall or surge in radial compressors | |
| CN110925233A (en) | Compressor surge fault diagnosis method based on acoustic signals | |
| CN115014690A (en) | Wind tunnel testing method for continuous variable flow transient aerodynamic characteristics of air inlet channel | |
| CN102818711A (en) | Silencer performance testing device | |
| CN202420891U (en) | Performance test device of silencer | |
| CN111521388A (en) | Regulating valve cavitation diagnosis device and diagnosis method thereof | |
| RU2354851C1 (en) | Method of controlling compressor operating conditions and device to this end | |
| Xue et al. | Experimental study on inducement and development of flow instabilities in a centrifugal compressor with different diffuser types | |
| Hara et al. | Unsteady flow field under surge and rotating stall in a three-stage axial flow compressor | |
| CN211288186U (en) | Axial flow compressor stall surge prediction device based on frequency characteristic change | |
| CN110146267B (en) | Method for detecting flutter of valve plate of totally-enclosed refrigeration compressor | |
| CN108680322B (en) | Centrifugal impeller vibration damping test system and method | |
| Feld et al. | Investigation of acoustic phenomena at the inlet and the outlet of a centrifugal compressor for pressure ratio 4.5 | |
| CN109404303B (en) | Detection method for hump point and unstable flow of vane pump based on pressure pulsation | |
| Pečinka et al. | Small Jet Engine Centrifugal Compressor Stability Margin Assessment | |
| CN201763694U (en) | Negative pressure air blower silencing device of cigarette filter tip forming machine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |