CN108680322B - Centrifugal impeller vibration damping test system and method - Google Patents
Centrifugal impeller vibration damping test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108680322B CN108680322B CN201810268779.3A CN201810268779A CN108680322B CN 108680322 B CN108680322 B CN 108680322B CN 201810268779 A CN201810268779 A CN 201810268779A CN 108680322 B CN108680322 B CN 108680322B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vibration damping test system and method for a centrifugal impeller. The testing system comprises a closed-loop circulating system and a wireless receiving gateway, wherein the closed-loop circulating system is provided with a centrifugal compressor to be tested, a strain sensor used for measuring the strain capacity of the blades is arranged on the surface of a centrifugal impeller of the centrifugal compressor, a wireless transmitter which is connected with the strain sensor through a data line and transmits a strain signal to the wireless receiving gateway is arranged at the front shaft end of the centrifugal impeller, and the wireless transmitter synchronously rotates along with the centrifugal impeller. The wireless transmitter is connected to the shaft end of the centrifugal impeller and synchronously rotates with the centrifugal impeller, so that the defects of complex wiring and low structural reliability of the shaft end in the conventional wired data transmission technology are overcome, and the operation reliability and the structural stability of a test system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compressors, and particularly relates to a vibration damping test system and method for a centrifugal impeller.
Background
Forced vibration induced by air flow excitation is an important factor causing fatigue damage of a centrifugal impeller in the operation process of a modern industrial centrifugal compressor. In order to accurately predict the forced response characteristic of the centrifugal impeller, the complete mechanical parameters of the impeller part should be obtained, and the damping parameters are key data which are difficult to obtain, wherein pneumatic damping is the key for determining the aeroelastic stability, and for the operation health evaluation problem of the advanced impeller machine, obtaining vibration damping data is a key point which must be concerned. The blades and the wheel disc of the centrifugal impeller are usually integrally processed, the mechanical damping is small, the influence on the dynamic response is not large, and the material damping and the pneumatic damping become key factors influencing the damping characteristic of the impeller.
In actual operation, the vibration damping data of the rotating impeller is difficult to directly measure, and can only be obtained by calculating the vibration response data of the actually measured rotating impeller according to a structural power equation. Because the impeller rotates at a high speed, a vibration response signal on the surface of the impeller in the casing is transmitted to an external terminal, which is the first problem to be solved, in the prior art, a conductive slip ring is usually adopted to lead out a data wire distributed on the surface of a rotating hub from the shaft end of the impeller, the technology adopts wired transmission, the wiring of the shaft end is complex, and the structural reliability is low. Meanwhile, the impeller damping data obtained under the actual measurement conditions is the total damping containing material damping and pneumatic damping, and a simple and feasible method for extracting the pneumatic damping from the actual measurement damping data is not available. In addition, the aerodynamic damping of the impeller changes due to different vibration modes and working conditions, and a test system and a method for extracting the aerodynamic damping characteristic of the impeller are not provided at present.
Therefore, the testing technology for vibration damping of the centrifugal impeller is provided to have important application value in the aspects of improving the operation performance detection and health evaluation of the impeller part of the centrifugal compressor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a vibration damping test system and method for a centrifugal impeller. The invention realizes the synchronous measurement of the pneumatic damping and material damping data of the centrifugal impeller under the actual operation condition.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a centrifugal impeller vibration damping test system, includes closed circulation system and the wireless receiving gateway at surveyed centrifugal compressor place, centrifugal compressor's centrifugal impeller surface mounting has the strain transducer who is used for measuring blade dependent variable, centrifugal impeller the place ahead axle head install through the data line with strain transducer connect and to the wireless transmitter of wireless receiving gateway transmission strain signal, wireless transmitter rotates along with centrifugal impeller synchronization.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the picture peg is installed in the centrifugal compressor import, seted up on the picture peg with the coaxial through-hole of centrifugal compressor import, the through-hole edge has the lamella to extending in the middle of the through-hole, the lamella is followed through-hole circumference interval arrangement is a plurality ofly.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the closed-circuit circulating system comprises a cooler, a throttle valve, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a first flowmeter which are sequentially arranged from the outlet of the centrifugal compressor to the inlet of the centrifugal compressor; and the cold source inlet end of the cooler is provided with a regulating valve and a second flowmeter which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the cold source.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the wireless receiving gateway is arranged on the front pipe section of the inlet of the centrifugal compressor.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the caliber of the through hole is the same as that of the inlet of the centrifugal compressor.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the number of the petals is 3-6, and the total area of the petals accounts for 45% -55% of the area of the through hole.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the relationship between the distance L between the inserting plate and the centrifugal impeller and the height h of the blades meets the following requirements: 5h < L <7 h.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the test system further comprises a terminal control unit, the wireless receiving gateway, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter are connected with a signal receiving end of the terminal control unit, and a signal output end of the terminal control unit is connected with the throttle valve and the regulating valve to respectively control the opening degrees of the throttle valve and the regulating valve.
A method based on the centrifugal impeller vibration damping test system comprises the following steps:
and 2, the terminal control unit adjusts the rotating speed n of the centrifugal impeller to change the airflow excitation frequency f caused by the inserting plate, so that the centrifugal impeller (52) is excited to vibrate and enter a resonance area, wherein the rotating speed n of the centrifugal impeller and the airflow excitation frequency f meet the relationship: f is nm/60; when the centrifugal impeller vibrates to enter any modal resonance region, the terminal control unit obtains time domain data of the centrifugal impeller vibration response according to a strain signal transmitted to the wireless receiving gateway by the wireless transmitter, and obtains frequency domain data of the centrifugal impeller vibration response after Fourier transformation;
and 3, substituting the frequency domain data in the step b into a structural dynamic equation of the centrifugal impeller:
-(ω2I+iωC+K)ξ＝F
wherein I is an identity matrix, K is rigidity, C is vibration damping, F is exciting force, omega is circular frequency of excitation, omega is 2 pi F, ξ is the vibration response, I is an imaginary number, and the vibration damping C of the centrifugal impeller under the set air inlet pressure is obtained by solving the structural dynamic equation;
and 4, outputting a control signal by the terminal control unit to change the air inlet pressure when the centrifugal compressor operates, repeating the steps 1, 2 and 3 to obtain vibration damping under different air inlet pressures, performing straight line fitting on data points on an air inlet pressure-vibration damping diagram, wherein the damping value of a fitting straight line extension line at zero pressure is the material damping C1 of the centrifugal impeller, and the pneumatic damping C2 is C-C1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the wireless transmitter is arranged in front of the shaft end of the centrifugal impeller, transmits a vibration response measurement signal on the surface of the impeller to the wireless receiving gateway, the wireless receiving gateway is connected with the terminal control unit, data is transmitted and received in a wireless transmission mode, and the wireless transmitter is connected to the shaft end of the centrifugal impeller and rotates synchronously with the centrifugal impeller, so that the defects of complicated wiring and low structural reliability of the shaft end in the conventional wired data transmission technology are overcome, and the wireless transmitter is favorable for improving the operation reliability and the structural stability of a test system.
(2) The split on the inserting plate has a turbulent flow effect and can be used for adjusting the gas flow excitation frequency together with the centrifugal compressor, so that the normal operation of a damping measurement test is ensured. The plug board is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture and install. The number and the total area of the split pieces are not too large or too small, the normal passing of the airflow is easily influenced by the too large split pieces, and the too small split pieces cannot play a role in disturbing flow.
(3) According to the method, the material damping is separated by a straight line fitting method of measurement data points according to the vibration damping data of the centrifugal impeller under different air inlet pressures, the synchronous measurement of the pneumatic damping and the material damping can be realized without adding other testing means, and the method is simple, convenient and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the board.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the interposer.
Fig. 4 and 5 are schematic structural views of the centrifugal impeller.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of intake pressure-vibration damping line fitting.
1-a throttle valve; 2-a temperature sensor; 3-a pressure sensor; 4-a first flow meter; 5-a centrifugal compressor; 6-a wireless transmitter; 7-a cooler; 8-a second flow meter; 9-adjusting valve; 10-a wireless receiving gateway; 11-a terminal control unit; 51-plug board; 511-a via; 512-splitting; 52-centrifugal impeller; 521-a strain sensor; 522-data line.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is more specifically explained by combining the following embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5: the vibration damping test system for the centrifugal impeller comprises a closed-loop circulating system, a wireless receiving gateway 10 and a terminal control unit 11:
the closed-circuit circulating system comprises a centrifugal compressor 5 to be tested, and a cooler 7, a throttle valve 1, a temperature sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3 and a first flowmeter 4 which are sequentially arranged from an outlet of the centrifugal compressor 5 to an inlet of the centrifugal compressor 5; and the cold source inlet end of the cooler 7 is provided with an adjusting valve 9 and a second flowmeter 8 which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the cold source.
The surface of the centrifugal impeller 52 of the centrifugal compressor is provided with a strain sensor 521 for measuring the strain amount of the blade, the front shaft end of the centrifugal impeller 52 is provided with a wireless transmitter 6 which is connected with the strain sensor 521 through a data line 522 and transmits a strain signal to the wireless receiving gateway 10, and the wireless transmitter 6 synchronously rotates along with the centrifugal impeller 52. The wireless transmitter 6 is arranged in front of the shaft end of the centrifugal impeller 52, the vibration response measurement signal on the surface of the centrifugal impeller 52 is transmitted to the wireless receiving gateway 10, the wireless receiving gateway 10 is connected with the terminal control unit 11, the data is transmitted and received in a wireless transmission mode, the wireless transmitter 6 is connected to the shaft end of the centrifugal impeller 52 and rotates synchronously with the centrifugal impeller 52, the defects of complex wiring and low structural reliability of the shaft end in the existing wired data transmission technology are overcome, and the wireless transmitter is beneficial to improving the operation reliability and the structural stability of a test system.
The wireless receiving gateway 10, the temperature sensor 2, the pressure sensor 3, the first flowmeter 4 and the second flowmeter 8 are connected with a signal receiving end of the terminal control unit 11, and a signal output end of the terminal control unit 11 is connected with the throttle valve 1 and the regulating valve 9 to respectively control the opening degrees of the throttle valve 1 and the regulating valve 9.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3: 5 import of centrifugal compressor installs picture peg 51, picture peg 51 on seted up with the coaxial through-hole 511 in 5 imports of centrifugal compressor, the through-hole 511 edge has the flap 512 to the middle extension of through-hole 511, flap 512 follows through-hole 511 circumference interval arrangement is a plurality ofly. The aperture of the through hole 511 is the same as the aperture of the inlet of the centrifugal compressor 5. The split 512 on the plug board 51 has a turbulent flow effect, and can be used together with the centrifugal compressor 5 for adjusting the gas flow excitation frequency, so that the normal operation of a damping measurement test is ensured.
The number of the petals 512 is 3-6, and the total area of the petals 512 accounts for 45% -55% of the area of the through hole 511. The plug board 51 of the invention has simple structure and convenient manufacture and installation. The number and the total area of the split pieces 512 are not too large or too small, which easily affects the normal passing of the airflow, and too small can not play a role of turbulence.
The relationship between the distance L between the insert plate 51 and the centrifugal impeller 52 and the blade height h satisfies: 5h < L <7h to avoid significant attenuation of turbulent flow strength due to too large distance or flow instability of the centrifugal compressor 5 due to too small distance.
The following is a method based on the centrifugal impeller vibration damping test system, comprising the steps of:
and 3, substituting the frequency domain data in the step b into a structural dynamic equation of the centrifugal impeller:
-(ω2I+iωC+K)ξ＝F
wherein I is a unit matrix, K is rigidity, C is vibration damping, F is exciting force, omega is circular frequency of excitation, omega is 2 pi F, ξ is the vibration response, I is an imaginary number, and the vibration damping C of the centrifugal impeller 52 under the set air inlet pressure is obtained by solving the structural dynamic equation, wherein I, K, F and omega are known numerical values in the structural dynamic equation;
and 4, the terminal control unit 11 outputs a control signal to change the air inlet pressure when the centrifugal compressor 5 operates, repeats the steps 1, 2 and 3 to obtain the vibration damping under different air inlet pressures, linearly fits the data points on an air inlet pressure-vibration damping diagram (as shown in fig. 6), the damping value of the extension line of the fitted straight line at zero pressure is the material damping C1 of the centrifugal impeller, and the pneumatic damping C2 is C-C1.
According to the method, the material damping is separated by a straight line fitting method of measurement data points according to the vibration damping data of the centrifugal impeller under different air inlet pressures, the synchronous measurement of the pneumatic damping and the material damping can be realized without adding other testing means, and the method is simple, convenient and reliable.
Claims (6)
1. A method based on a centrifugal impeller vibration damping test system is characterized in that:
the testing system comprises a closed-loop circulating system where a centrifugal compressor (5) to be tested is located and a wireless receiving gateway (10), wherein a strain sensor (521) used for measuring the strain capacity of a blade is installed on the surface of a centrifugal impeller (52) of the centrifugal compressor, a wireless transmitter (6) which is connected with the strain sensor (521) through a data line (522) and transmits a strain signal to the wireless receiving gateway (10) is installed at the front shaft end of the centrifugal impeller (52), and the wireless transmitter (6) synchronously rotates along with the centrifugal impeller (52);
the closed-circuit circulating system comprises a cooler (7), a throttle valve (1), a temperature sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3) and a first flowmeter (4) which are sequentially arranged from an outlet of the centrifugal compressor (5) to an inlet of the centrifugal compressor (5); a cold source inlet end of the cooler (7) is provided with an adjusting valve (9) and a second flowmeter (8) which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the cold source;
the testing system further comprises a terminal control unit (11), the wireless receiving gateway (10), the temperature sensor (2), the pressure sensor (3), the first flowmeter (4) and the second flowmeter (8) are connected with a signal receiving end of the terminal control unit (11), and a signal output end of the terminal control unit (11) is connected with the throttle valve (1) and the regulating valve (9) to respectively control the opening degrees of the throttle valve (1) and the regulating valve (9);
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring signals of a temperature sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3), a first flowmeter (4) and a second flowmeter (8) through a terminal control unit (11), and outputting control signals through signal analysis to change the opening degrees of a throttle valve (1) and a regulating valve (9), so that the centrifugal compressor (5) can operate under the set air inlet temperature, air inlet pressure and air inlet flow;
step 2, the terminal control unit (11) adjusts the rotating speed n of the centrifugal impeller (52) to change the airflow excitation frequency f caused by the inserting plate (51), so that the centrifugal impeller (52) is excited to vibrate and enter a resonance area, wherein the rotating speed n of the centrifugal impeller (52) and the airflow excitation frequency f meet the following relation: f is nm/60; when the centrifugal impeller (52) vibrates to enter any modal resonance region, the terminal control unit (11) obtains time domain data of the vibration response of the centrifugal impeller (52) according to a strain signal transmitted to the wireless receiving gateway (10) by the wireless transmitter (6), and obtains frequency domain data of the vibration response of the centrifugal impeller (52) after Fourier transform;
and 3, substituting the frequency domain data in the step b into a structural dynamic equation of the centrifugal impeller:
-(ω2I+iωC+K)ξ＝F
wherein I is a unit matrix, K is rigidity, C is vibration damping, F is exciting force, omega is circular frequency of excitation, omega is 2 pi F, ξ is the vibration response, I is an imaginary number, and the vibration damping C of the centrifugal impeller (52) under the set air inlet pressure is obtained by solving the structural dynamic equation;
and 4, the terminal control unit (11) outputs a control signal to change the air inlet pressure when the centrifugal compressor (5) operates, and repeats the steps 1, 2 and 3 to obtain the vibration damping under different air inlet pressures, a straight line is fitted to the data points on the air inlet pressure-vibration damping diagram, the damping value of the fitted straight line extension line at zero pressure is the material damping C1 of the centrifugal impeller, and the pneumatic damping C2 is equal to C-C1.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: picture peg (51) are installed in centrifugal compressor (5) import, seted up on picture peg (51) with the coaxial through-hole (511) of centrifugal compressor (5) import, through-hole (511) edge has flap (512) to the middle extension of through-hole (511), flap (512) are followed through-hole (511) circumference interval arrangement is a plurality of.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the wireless receiving gateway (10) is arranged at the front pipe section of the inlet of the centrifugal compressor (5).
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the caliber of the through hole (511) is the same as that of the inlet of the centrifugal compressor (5).
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: the number of the petals (512) is 3-6, and the total area of the petals (512) accounts for 45% -55% of the area of the through hole (511).
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the relationship between the distance L between the insert plate (51) and the centrifugal impeller (52) and the blade height h satisfies: 5h < L <7 h.
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| CN111350675B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-02-19 | 中国农业大学 | Quantitative measurement system for hydraulic damping ratio of rotary centrifugal impeller |
| CN111859730B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-10-13 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Rotor configuration optimization design method for centrifugal compressor of fuel cell |
| CN113567075A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-29 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Non-contact full-size blade-wheel disc system vibration damping test system and method |
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| CN1910347A (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2007-02-07 | 约克国际公司 | Integrated adaptive capacity control for a steam turbine powered chiller unit |
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| CN105952688A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-09-21 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | System for suppressing forced vibration of centrifugal impeller and control method for system |
| CN206129500U (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-04-26 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Synchronous monitoring system of many parameters of wind energy conversion system |
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| US9657588B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-05-23 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems to monitor health of rotor blades |
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| CN1910347A (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2007-02-07 | 约克国际公司 | Integrated adaptive capacity control for a steam turbine powered chiller unit |
| EP2589755A2 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Rotatable component with controlled load interface |
| CN105952688A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-09-21 | 合肥通用机械研究院 | System for suppressing forced vibration of centrifugal impeller and control method for system |
| CN206129500U (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-04-26 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Synchronous monitoring system of many parameters of wind energy conversion system |
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