CN114752967B - Cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device - Google Patents
Cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114752967B CN114752967B CN202210178631.7A CN202210178631A CN114752967B CN 114752967 B CN114752967 B CN 114752967B CN 202210178631 A CN202210178631 A CN 202210178631A CN 114752967 B CN114752967 B CN 114752967B
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device, which comprises an electrolysis bath, a tungsten cathode and a graphite anode, wherein the tungsten cathode is a cluster type electrode and is formed by combining a plurality of tungsten electrode modules around the central shaft of the electrolysis bath; the graphite anode is formed by connecting a plurality of graphite electrode modules in parallel around the tungsten cathode, and the length of the graphite anode is more than 2 times of the depth of the electrolytic tank bore; the electrolysis apparatus further comprises: the cathode lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode and is used for driving the tungsten cathode to lift and fall; the cathode support platform is used for fixing the cathode lifting assembly; anode lifting assemblies are fixedly connected to the tops of the graphite electrode modules one by one and are used for respectively driving the lifting and the falling of each graphite electrode module; and the anode lifting platform is used for fixing the anode lifting assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth electrolytic tank equipment, in particular to a cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device.
Background
Rare earth (RARE EARTH) is a group of novel functional materials with various characteristics of electricity, magnetism, light, superconduction, catalysis, biology and the like, including lanthanide elements, scandium elements and yttrium elements in the periodic table, is an important basic material for high-technology fields such as information technology, biotechnology, new materials, new energy technology and national defense construction, and plays an important role in improving certain traditional industries such as agriculture, chemical industry, building materials and the like.
At present, the molten salt electrolysis method is one of the main methods for domestic production of mixed and single rare earth metals and alloys, and is mainly used for extracting some active metals which cannot be prepared in aqueous solution, such as Li, na, K, mg, ti, ta, zr, and the like, and the method has the advantages of higher ion conductivity, higher diffusion coefficient, lower viscosity, rapid electrode reaction and the like.
In the process of rare earth electrolysis, a medium-sized electrolytic tank with 3000-8000 amperes and a large-sized electrolytic tank with over ten thousand amperes are needed, wherein the electrolytic tank is made of graphite, graphite is used as an anode, a tungsten rod is used as a cathode, rare earth metal is prepared through direct current electrolysis, and a tungsten receiving crucible is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic tank and used as a molten metal receiver. In the prior art, the graphite anode is formed by splicing a plurality of dispersed graphite tiles, so that the graphite anode is consumed under the actions of electrochemistry, chemical reaction, molten salt corrosion and mechanical force, and the anode is consumed after electrolysis for a certain time, and a new anode side to be replaced can be continuously electrolyzed.
At present, when the anode is replaced, the common method is as follows: firstly, the electrolyzed metal is clamped out from an electrolytic tank, a certain amount of molten salt is scooped out, the molten salt overflows after entering a new anode, then an anode lead is detached, the old anode residue is lifted, the dirt falling in the molten salt is cleaned, the new anode is placed into the new anode to connect the anode lead, an alternating current arc is used for heating, after the electrolysis temperature is reached, a graphite electrode is lifted, and the graphite electrode is placed into a tungsten receiving crucible to continue to be electrified for electrolysis according to the electrolysis operation.
However, in the actual electrolysis process, the service life of the graphite anode is only 50-60 hours on average, and if the service time is too long, the volume of the graphite anode is reduced suddenly, so that the surface area is reduced, and the effective area is reduced. When the surface area is too small, the current density of the anode is maximum, the anode effect is easy to generate, the temperature of the electrolyte is increased, the reduced rare earth metal liquid can be reversely dissolved, the yield of the metal liquid is affected, and the electrolytic efficiency is obviously reduced due to the increase of the polar distance. Based on the method, the graphite anode needs to be replaced frequently, so that the production efficiency of rare earth is affected, and the operation cost is increased.
Further, in the case of a circular electrolytic cell, when the electrolytic current is increased to ten thousand amperes or more, the outer diameter of the tungsten cathode is inevitably increased, thereby causing a significant increase in the weight of the tungsten cathode, and also a significant increase in the manufacturing cost and the production cost.
Further, the cathode lifting system is also a part of the rare earth electrolytic furnace, and is mainly used for fixing the cathode in the electrolytic process, preventing the cathode from swinging in the electrolytic process and enabling the cathode to be always at the center of the electrolytic furnace. When the electrolytic furnace is replaced or cleaned, the cathode is lifted out of the electrolytic furnace and moved to one side, the cathode is manually assisted to realize movement and fixation, a fixed pulley type lifting system is adopted at present, and the fixed pulley type lifting system is controlled by a motor, so that the phenomenon of abrasion and breakage of a steel wire rope exists when the fixed pulley type lifting system is used for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a cluster rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device, and aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: the cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device comprises an electrolysis bath, a tungsten cathode and a graphite anode, wherein the tungsten cathode is a cluster type electrode and is formed by combining a plurality of tungsten electrode modules around the central shaft of the electrolysis bath; the graphite anode is formed by connecting a plurality of graphite electrode modules in parallel around the tungsten cathode, and the length of the graphite anode is more than 2 times of the depth of the electrolytic tank bore;
The electrolysis apparatus further comprises:
the cathode lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode and is used for driving the tungsten cathode to lift and fall;
The cathode support platform is used for fixing the cathode lifting assembly;
Anode lifting assemblies are fixedly connected to the tops of the graphite electrode modules one by one and are used for respectively driving the lifting and the falling of each graphite electrode module;
And the anode lifting platform is used for fixing the anode lifting assembly.
As a preferable technical scheme, the tungsten electrode module is in a substantially semi-cylindrical shape, and the curved surface of the tungsten electrode module is opposite to the graphite anode; the upper parts of the tungsten electrode modules are welded into a whole through copper plates to form a tungsten cathode.
As a preferable technical scheme, the number of the tungsten electrode modules is more than 4, and the sections are relatively uniformly distributed in the electrolytic tank; the distance between two opposing tungsten electrode modules is greater than 150mm.
As an optimized technical scheme, the cathode lifting assembly is a spiral lifter, and the spiral lifter comprises a cathode driving device, a cathode lead screw matched with the cathode driving device, a cathode guide rail parallel to the cathode lead screw, and a cathode slider driven by the cathode lead screw and slidingly assembled on the cathode guide rail, wherein the cathode slider is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode so as to drive the tungsten cathode to lift.
As an optimal technical scheme, the cathode sliding block is further provided with a steel plate sleeve, and bakelite used for insulation is further embedded in the steel plate sleeve.
As a preferable technical scheme, one end of the cathode supporting platform is fixed on a wall or other supports, and the other end of the cathode supporting platform is connected with the cathode lifting assembly; one end of the anode lifting platform is also fixed on a wall or other supports, the other end of the anode lifting platform is connected with the anode lifting assembly, and the anode lifting platform is arranged above the cathode supporting platform.
As the preferable technical scheme, the number of the graphite electrode modules is N, and N is more than or equal to 6 and less than or equal to 10; the length of the N-1 graphite electrode modules is more than 2 times of the depth of the electrolytic tank, and the length of the rest 1 graphite electrode modules is 1.2 times of the depth of the electrolytic tank.
As a preferable technical scheme, the anode lifting assembly comprises N-1 screw lifters, and the screw lifters are connected with the graphite electrode modules with the length being more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore one by one so as to respectively drive the lifting of each graphite electrode module.
As a preferable technical scheme, a positioning chuck is arranged at a position which is about 50mm away from the top end of the graphite anode, and a hole matched with the graphite electrode module is formed in the chuck and used for ensuring that the graphite electrode module keeps a vertical angle when the graphite electrode module is lifted.
As the preferable technical scheme, the electrolytic bath also comprises a water-cooled furnace cover covered on the notch of the electrolytic bath, a conductive plate is further arranged on the water-cooled furnace cover, and the graphite anode is fixed on the water-cooled furnace cover through the conductive plate.
As an optimal technical scheme, an anode clamping groove for the graphite electrode module to pass through is formed in the conductive disc, and the graphite electrode module is fastened on the conductive disc through an anode fastening device; the anode fastening device comprises a hand wheel, a compression nut and a screw rod.
As the preferable technical scheme, the electrolytic bath further comprises a metal receiver arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic bath, an electrolytic furnace inner shell and an electrolytic furnace outer shell which are arranged outside the electrolytic bath, and the electrolytic furnace inner shell and the electrolytic furnace outer shell are steel protective shells without bottoms.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention realizes the purposes of rare earth molten salt electrolysis capacity expansion and yield increase by adopting a semi-cylindrical cluster cathode and an arrangement mode of increasing the length of an anode.
(2) According to the invention, the tungsten cathodes in the rare earth metal electrolysis device are changed into clustered electrodes, each tungsten electrode module is designed into a semi-cylindrical shape, and the two cathodes are opposite, so that the current density is low, the electric field lines are distributed in the area between the anode and the cathode which participates in the electrolysis reaction, the input cost can be reduced, and the mutual influence of electric fields between the cathodes can be reduced.
(3) Through the length of growing graphite anode to all installed the positive pole lifting assembly in every graphite electrode module's top, when the corresponding graphite electrode module of participating in electrolytic reaction consumes to be difficult to maintain normal electrolytic reaction, can carry out the local processing of tailorring, need not whole change, improved production efficiency.
(4) Mechanical lifting components are arranged above the tungsten cathode and the graphite anode, so that the manual operation strength is reduced.
(5) When designing graphite anode, designing N-1 graphite electrode module to be twice as long as the depth of the electrolytic tank, and keeping one graphite electrode module to be still 1.2 times as long as the depth of the electrolytic tank, so as to facilitate observation of electrolytic reaction of rare earth and tapping operation of metal.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments are briefly described below to form a part of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof illustrate the present invention and do not constitute undue limitations of the present invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a clustered rare earth molten salt electrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the F-F direction of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of L in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a G-G cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an N-N cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
Reference numerals illustrate:
An electrolytic cell 100, an electrolytic furnace inner shell 110, an electrolytic furnace outer shell 120, a metal receiver 130, and a water-cooled furnace cover 140; a tungsten cathode 200, a tungsten electrode module 210, a cathode lead 220; a cathode lifting assembly 300, a cathode support platform 310; graphite anode 400, graphite electrode module 410, anode lead 420, conductive disk 430, anode clamping groove 431, anode fastening device 440, hand wheel 441, lead screw 442, compression nut 443; an anode lift assembly 500, an anode lift platform 510; the chuck 600 is positioned.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a clustered rare earth molten salt electrolysis apparatus provided by the invention.
The invention provides a cluster rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device, which is shown in fig. 1-6, and comprises an electrolysis bath 100, a tungsten cathode 200, a graphite anode 400, a cathode lifting assembly 300, a cathode supporting platform 310, an anode lifting assembly 500, an anode lifting platform 510, a water-cooled furnace cover 140, a conductive plate 430, a positioning chuck 600, an electrolysis furnace inner shell 110, an electrolysis furnace outer shell 120 and a metal receiver 130.
Whereas in the prior art large-sized circular rare earth molten salt electrolytic cell 100, when the electrolytic current is increased to the level of ten thousand amperes or more, the weight and volume of the tungsten cathode 200 to be used are greatly increased, and the manufacturing cost of the large-sized tungsten cathode 200 is increased, in a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the tungsten cathode 200 is designed as a cluster electrode, specifically: the cathode lead 220 is connected to the copper plate, as shown in fig. 6, to form a cluster-type tungsten cathode 200, wherein a plurality of semi-cylindrical tungsten electrode modules 210 are combined around the central axis of the electrolytic cell 100, and the curved surfaces of the semi-cylindrical tungsten electrode modules 210 are opposite to the graphite anode 400, and the number of the semi-cylindrical tungsten electrode modules can be 4, 6, 8 or more, and are uniformly distributed around the central axis of the electrolytic cell 100. Specifically, the tungsten cathode 200 is designed in a semicircular shape in that: the two cathodes are opposite, the current density is low, and the electric field lines can be distributed in the area between the anode and the cathode which participates in the electrolytic reaction; by adopting the arrangement mode, the weight of the tungsten cathode 200 can be effectively reduced, and the use requirement can be met in the large-scale circular electrolytic tank 100; and the cluster-type tungsten cathode 200 can reduce the electric field interaction between cathodes while reducing the manufacturing cost, and improves the production efficiency. Further, the connection between the plurality of tungsten electrode modules 210 and the copper plate is not limited to one method, and any connection method may be used as long as the connection between the tungsten electrode modules and the copper plate is possible.
In a preferred embodiment, among the tungsten electrode modules 210 arranged around the central axis of the electrolytic cell 100, two opposite tungsten electrode modules 210 are spaced more than 150mm apart in section to ensure the best electrolytic reaction effect occurring at the cathode.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, in order to fix the tungsten cathode 200 during electrolysis, the tungsten cathode 200 is prevented from swinging during electrolysis and is always positioned at the center of the electrolytic furnace; and in order to facilitate lifting the cathode out of the electrolytic furnace and moving it to one side when the electrolytic furnace is replaced or cleaned, a cathode lifting assembly 300 and a cathode support platform 310 are provided above the tungsten cathode 200. Wherein the cathode support platform 310 is used for fixing the cathode lifting assembly 300; specifically, one end of the cathode support platform 310 is fixed on a wall or other support, and the other end is connected to the cathode lifting assembly 300; further, the cathode support platform 310 may be a triangular support frame, or other shaped support frame that may stably support the cathode lift assembly 300.
In a preferred embodiment, the cathode lift assembly 300 is a screw lift comprising a cathode drive, a cathode screw, a cathode guide rail, and a cathode slider. Specifically, the cathode driving device can adopt a driving motor, and the driving motor drives the reduction gearbox to drive the cathode lead screw to rotate; the cathode guide rail is arranged in parallel with the cathode lead screw, the cathode slider is driven by the cathode lead screw and is assembled on the cathode guide rail in a sliding way, the cathode lead screw is driven by the driving motor to drive the cathode slider to lift, and further, the height of the tungsten cathode 200 can be adjusted because the cathode slider is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode 200. It should be understood that the above solution for implementing the up-and-down movement of the slider by providing a screw lifter is a common technical means in the art, and will not be described herein.
Further, a steel plate sleeve is further arranged on the cathode sliding block, and bakelite used for insulation is further embedded in the steel plate sleeve.
In another preferred embodiment, the cathode lift assembly 300 is a screw lift that includes a cathode drive and a cathode screw. The cathode driving device still adopts a driving motor, the driving motor drives the worm and the turbine to drive the cathode screw rod to lift, the tungsten cathode 200 is directly fixedly connected to the lower end of the cathode screw rod, and the cathode screw rod drives the tungsten cathode 200 to realize height adjustment. In specific implementation, the above arrangements are all common technical solutions in the prior art, and are not described herein.
Referring to FIG. 2, in a preferred embodiment, graphite anode 400 is formed of N graphite electrode modules 410 in parallel around tungsten cathode 200, preferably 6.ltoreq.N.ltoreq.10, 7 in the preferred example of FIG. 2; further, since the portion of the graphite anode 400 above the electrolyte surface is burned by various hot gases discharged during the electrolysis process, and the portion immersed in the electrolyte is consumed by electrochemical, chemical reaction, molten salt erosion and mechanical force, in the prior art, the life of the graphite anode 400 is only 50-60 hours on average, the consumption cost of the graphite anode 400 is 1/5-1/4 of the production and processing cost of rare earth, and the replacement of the graphite anode 400 consumes a lot of time, the production efficiency of rare earth is reduced, therefore, the life of the graphite anode 400 is prolonged, the replacement frequency is reduced, in this embodiment, the length of each of the N graphite electrode modules 410 is designed to be more than 2 times the depth of the bore of the electrolytic tank 100, the anode lifting assembly 500 is fixedly connected to the top of each graphite electrode module 410, so that the height of the graphite electrode module 410 below is lifted after being consumed, and the graphite anode is partially cut and falls back to the electrolytic tank 100 to continue the electrolysis of rare earth.
In another preferred embodiment, the length of the N-1 graphite electrode modules 410 is designed to be more than 2 times the depth of the electrolytic cell 100, and the length of the remaining 1 graphite electrode modules 410 is 1.2 times the depth of the electrolytic cell 100, wherein the N-1 graphite electrode modules 410 with a length greater than 2 times the depth of the electrolytic cell can be adjusted in height, cut and fall back for continuous electrolysis, while the remaining one graphite electrode module 410 is no longer connected with the anode lifting assembly 500, but is used for observing the electrolytic reaction of rare earth and facilitating the tapping operation of metal.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the anode lifting assembly 500 is preferably a screw lifter, and the number of the anode lifting assembly is N-1, and the anode lifting assembly is used for being connected with N-1 graphite electrode modules 410 with the length being more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore one by one so as to respectively drive the lifting of each graphite electrode module 410, when the loss of one graphite electrode module 410 is found to reach a certain degree, the corresponding screw lifter is controlled to lift the graphite electrode module, and the graphite electrode module falls back to the electrolytic tank 100 after being subjected to local cutting treatment so as to continue the electrolysis of rare earth. Specifically, the screw lifter includes a driving device, a screw, a guide rail and a slider, and the specific arrangement may refer to the above embodiment, which is not described herein. Meanwhile, it can be known to those skilled in the art that the guide rail of the slider may be omitted, the corresponding graphite electrode module 410 may be driven by adjusting the lifting of the lead screw by the driving device, and the specific connection manner between the devices is the prior art and will not be described herein.
Preferably, due to the limitation of the height of the graphite electrode module 410, as shown in fig. 1, an anode elevating platform 510 is disposed above the cathode support platform 310, and the anode elevating platform 510 is identical to the cathode support platform 310: one end of the anode lifting assembly is fixed on a wall or other supports, and the other end of the anode lifting assembly is connected with the anode lifting assembly 500; the specific shapes of the cathode lifting assembly 300 and the anode lifting assembly 500 may be the same or different, and may be any bracket that can stably support the two.
In a preferred embodiment, a positioning chuck 600 is provided at a distance of about 50mm from the top end of the graphite anode 400, as shown in fig. 4, with holes for the graphite electrode module 410 to be fitted therein, for securing the graphite electrode module 410 to maintain a vertical angle as it is lifted and lowered.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the notch of the electrolytic tank 100 is covered with a water-cooled furnace cover 140, which is used for reducing the impurity content of non-rare-earth iron in the product and prolonging the service life of the graphite tank and the anode joint; a conductive plate 430 is further provided on the water-cooled furnace cover 140, and the graphite electrode module 410 is fixed to the water-cooled furnace cover 140 through the conductive plate 430. Further, an anode clamping groove 431 for the graphite electrode module 410 to pass through is arranged on the conductive disc 430, and the graphite electrode module 410 is fastened on the conductive disc 430 through an anode fastening device 440; the anode fastening device 440 includes a hand wheel 441, a compression nut 443, and a lead screw 442, and the anode lead 420 is connected to the conductive plate 430.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment, a metal receiver 130 is disposed at the bottom of the electrolytic tank 100, an inner electrolytic tank shell 110 and an outer electrolytic tank shell 120 are disposed outside the electrolytic tank 100, and the inner electrolytic tank shell 110 and the outer electrolytic tank shell 120 are bottomless steel protective shells, and further, refractory materials can be filled between the inner electrolytic tank shell 110 and the side wall of the electrolytic tank 100 to effectively isolate the outer wall of the graphite tank from air, prevent leakage of electrolytic solution, and prolong the service life of the electrolytic tank 100.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention realizes the purposes of rare earth molten salt electrolysis capacity expansion and yield increase by adopting a semi-cylindrical cluster cathode and an arrangement mode of increasing the length of an anode.
(2) According to the invention, the tungsten cathodes in the rare earth metal electrolysis device are changed into clustered electrodes, each tungsten electrode module is designed into a semi-cylindrical shape, and the two cathodes are opposite, so that the current density is low, the electric field lines are distributed in the area between the anode and the cathode which participates in the electrolysis reaction, the input cost can be reduced, and the mutual influence of electric fields between the cathodes can be reduced.
(3) Through the length of growing graphite anode to all installed the positive pole lifting assembly in every graphite electrode module's top, when the corresponding graphite electrode module of participating in electrolytic reaction consumes to be difficult to maintain normal electrolytic reaction, can carry out the local processing of tailorring, need not whole change, improved production efficiency.
(4) Mechanical lifting components are arranged above the tungsten cathode and the graphite anode, so that the manual operation strength is reduced.
(5) When designing graphite anode, designing N-1 graphite electrode module to be twice as long as the depth of the electrolytic tank, and keeping one graphite electrode module to be still 1.2 times as long as the depth of the electrolytic tank, so as to facilitate observation of electrolytic reaction of rare earth and tapping operation of metal.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cluster rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device comprises an electrolysis bath, a tungsten cathode and a graphite anode, and is characterized in that,
The tungsten cathode is a clustered electrode and is formed by combining a plurality of tungsten electrode modules around the central shaft of the electrolytic tank; the tungsten electrode module is approximately semi-cylindrical, and the curved surface of the tungsten electrode module is opposite to the graphite anode;
The graphite anode is formed by parallelly connecting a plurality of graphite electrode modules around the tungsten cathode, the number of the graphite electrode modules is N, N is more than or equal to 6 and less than or equal to 10, wherein the length of N-1 graphite electrode modules is more than 2 times of the depth of the electrolytic tank inner bore, the graphite electrode modules are used for adjusting the height, cutting and falling back for continuous electrolysis, and the length of the remaining 1 graphite electrode modules is 1.2 times of the depth of the electrolytic tank inner bore, so that the graphite electrode modules are used for observing electrolytic reaction of rare earth and facilitating tapping operation of metal;
The electrolysis apparatus further comprises:
the cathode lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode and is used for driving the tungsten cathode to lift and fall;
The cathode support platform is used for fixing the cathode lifting assembly;
the anode lifting assemblies are fixedly connected to the tops of the graphite electrode modules one by one, each anode lifting assembly comprises N-1 screw rod lifters, and each screw rod lifter is connected with each graphite electrode module with the length being more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore one by one so as to drive each graphite electrode module to lift;
And the anode lifting platform is used for fixing the anode lifting assembly.
2. The electrolytic device according to claim 1, wherein upper portions of the plurality of tungsten electrode modules are welded together by copper plates to form a tungsten cathode.
3. The electrolysis device according to claim 2, wherein the number of tungsten electrode modules is greater than 4 and the cross-sections are arranged relatively uniformly in the cell; the distance between two opposing tungsten electrode modules is greater than 150mm.
4. The electrolyzer of claim 1 wherein the cathode elevation assembly is a screw elevator comprising a cathode drive, a cathode lead screw mated with the cathode drive, a cathode guide rail disposed parallel to the cathode lead screw, and a cathode slider driven by the cathode lead screw and slidingly mounted on the cathode guide rail, the cathode slider being fixedly attached to the top of the tungsten cathode to drive the elevation of the tungsten cathode.
5. The electrolytic device according to claim 4, wherein the cathode slider is further provided with a steel plate sleeve, and bakelite for insulation is further embedded in the steel plate sleeve.
6. The electrolyzer of claim 1 wherein the cathode support platform is secured at one end to a wall or other support and at the other end to the cathode lifting assembly; one end of the anode lifting platform is also fixed on a wall or other supports, the other end of the anode lifting platform is connected with the anode lifting assembly, and the anode lifting platform is arranged above the cathode supporting platform.
7. The electrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein a positioning chuck is provided at a distance of about 50mm from the top end of the graphite anode, and holes are provided in the chuck to engage the graphite electrode module for ensuring that the graphite electrode module maintains a vertical angle as it is lifted and lowered.
8. The electrolyzer of claim 1 further comprising a water-cooled furnace cover covering the electrolyzer slot, a conductive plate being further provided on the water-cooled furnace cover, the graphite anode being secured to the water-cooled furnace cover by the conductive plate.
9. The electrolysis device according to claim 8, wherein the conductive plate is provided with an anode clamping groove for the graphite electrode module to pass through, and the graphite electrode module is fastened on the conductive plate through an anode fastening device; the anode fastening device comprises a hand wheel, a compression nut and a screw rod.
10. The electrolyzer of any one of claims 1 to 9 further comprising a metal receiver disposed at the bottom of the electrolyzer, an electrolyzer inner housing and an electrolyzer outer housing disposed outside the electrolyzer, both the electrolyzer inner housing and the electrolyzer outer housing being bottomless steel protective housings.
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| CN115522229B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-04-23 | 宁波复能稀土新材料股份有限公司 | Intelligent automatic control uniform device for rare earth electrolytic medium |
| CN117779119B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2024-08-13 | 赣州晨光稀土新材料有限公司 | Electrolytic furnace for rare earth metal |
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| JP2013107042A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-06-06 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Operation method of electric evaporation tank |
| CN103614747A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-05 | 包头市玺骏稀土有限责任公司 | Large combined rare earth fused salt electrolytic bath system |
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