CN103614747A - Large combined rare earth fused salt electrolytic bath system - Google Patents
Large combined rare earth fused salt electrolytic bath system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103614747A CN103614747A CN201310691602.1A CN201310691602A CN103614747A CN 103614747 A CN103614747 A CN 103614747A CN 201310691602 A CN201310691602 A CN 201310691602A CN 103614747 A CN103614747 A CN 103614747A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large combined rare earth fused salt electrolytic bath system which comprises a large combined graphite cell, graphite anodes, tungsten cathodes, a steel protective shell, a metal receiver, a cover plate of a water-cooling furnace and an electrolytic power supplies. The system is characterized in that the large combined graphite cell is the cell which is connected by blocks in tenon-and-mortise connection and combination, wherein two ends of the cell are arc surfaces. The metal receiver is arranged at the bottom of the large combined graphite cell. The metal receiver inclines at 5-10 degrees with the horizontal direction. Each tungsten cathode is connected with the cathode of an independent electrolytic power supply, the anode of each electrolytic power supply is connected with the cover plate of the water-cooling furnace, and each graphite anode is connected with the cover plate of the water-cooling furnace. The system has the advantages that the cell is compact in structure, reasonable in arrangement of cathodes and graphite anodes, low electric energy consumption, high current efficiency, good environmental benefit, reasonable wiring structure, low production cost and convenience in maintenance.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fused salt electrolysis process and produce the large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system of rare earth metal and alloy, belong to fused salt electrolysis technical field.
background technology
China's rare earth molten-salt electrolysis industry originates from the eighties in 20th century, along with scientific and technological development, 4000～6000A rare earth electrolysis cell often exists that electrolytic process parameter is unstable, production capacity is low, product homogeneity and poor stability, is difficult to realize the requirement of scale operation.Innovation along with rare-earth industry, efficiently, energy-conservation, large pattern is the developing direction of rare earth molten salt electrolytic, by retrieval as patent: CN98104785.8, CN02240881.9, CN200820138112.3, CN200952043Y, CN10184541A have carried out the research of large-scale rare earth electrolysis cell.The electrolyzer that Rare Earth Electrolysis industry is at present used mainly contains following several structure:
1, patent CN85100748A, the whole plumbago crucible that adopts Graphite Electrodes to process, anode is upper insertion tube shape, negative electrode is upper slotting tungsten, molybdenum, iron cathode, and owing to being subject to the restriction of graphite material size, this cell body is less, be generally 3000～6000A, and quality product and poor stability.
2, patent CN2372329Y, its graphite cuvette liner is that graphite block is built by laying bricks or stones, there are carbonaceous knotting layer and refractory insulating layer in outside, this structure is not subject to the restriction of graphite material size, single tankage can reach 10KA simultaneously anode change split flake graphite groove into and be placed in around negative electrode, in product, carbon content has obtained reduction, but this kind of graphite cuvette built by laying bricks or stones comparatively loaded down with trivial details, very easily there is molten salt leakage phenomenon, be difficult for realizing suitability for industrialized production application.
3, patent CN2464744Y, a kind of many negative electrodes multiple anodes cell, build a plurality of positive plates of cell body inwall continued circling by laying bricks or stones, a plurality of negative electrodes are spaced on graphite cuvette longitudinal axis, single tankage reaches 10KA, but this patent graphite cuvette is built by laying bricks or stones comparatively loaded down with trivial detailsly equally, and molten salt leakage phenomenon very easily occurs, be difficult for realizing suitability for industrialized production application.
4, patent CN232099Y, a kind of circular Wan An electrolyzer, this patent electrolyzer has increased useful volume, but organize cathode and anode, is placed in fire door more simultaneously, and operating space is less.
5, the liquid cathode electrolyzer of patent CN200952043Y electrolysis production rare earth metal and alloy thereof, between graphite liner, be provided with insulating material, negative electrode connection line imports in electrolyzer from cell body sidewall or bottom, be connected with the metal receptor that bottom land is set, liquid metal is housed in susceptor, and upper part of the electrolytic cell is provided with cathode lifting device.The kind conceptual phase that belongs to of this patent, the domestic report grooved service condition that has no, is difficult to realize industrial applications.
6, patent CN101845641A immersion-type rare earth electrolyzer, is provided with anode bearing at graphite cuvette middle part, and anode is suspended in electrolyte solution, has changed upper hanging type anode arrangement mode, the not restriction of limit structure complexity while having simplified electrolyzer dilatation.But it is whole that such anode electrolytic cell is tubular, and be immersed in electrolytic solution below, be difficult to change.
Along with constantly improving and development of Rare Earth Electrolysis industry, many scholars and expert have carried out the research and experiment of large-scale rare earth electrolysis cell, are broadly divided into slotting anode and cathode rare earth electrolysis cell, lower embedding type negative electrode rare earth electrolysis cell and immersed type anode rare earth electrolysis cell on opened type.
summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of trough body structure compact, the large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic that negative electrode, graphite anode are arranged rationally, power consumption is low, current efficiency is high, environmental benefit is good, wire structures is reasonable, production cost is low, easy to maintenance.
The present invention includes large-scale combined graphite cuvette, graphite anode, tungsten cathode, steel protective shell, metal receptor, water cooled cover plate, electrolysis power, is characterized in that: large-scale combined graphite cuvette is by base, the semicircle sidewall in both ends, edge on the semicircle sidewall corresponding with semicircle sidewall, be arranged on two prescription shape sidewalls between the semicircle sidewall in both ends, on the square sidewall corresponding with square sidewall, edge forms, wherein base consists of an above base contiguous block, every prescription shape sidewall consists of the square sidewall contiguous block equating with base contiguous block quantity, on square sidewall along by forming along contiguous block on the square sidewall corresponding with square sidewall contiguous block, all semicircle sidewalls, edge on semicircle sidewall, base contiguous block, square sidewall contiguous block forms with being connected to combine by Tenon along contiguous block on square sidewall the large-scale combined graphite cuvette that two ends are arc surface, in large-scale combined graphite cuvette bottom, be provided with metal receptor mounting groove, metal receptor is arranged in the mounting groove of large-scale combined graphite cuvette bottom, and metal receptor and horizontal direction have 5
.～10
。inclination; Along being evenly provided with vertical graphite anode in the annular region of large-scale combined graphite cuvette sidewall, each graphite anode and large-scale combined graphite cuvette sidewall keep 1～2 centimetre of spacing; In the symmetrical center line of the length direction of large-scale combined graphite cuvette, be evenly provided with an above vertical tungsten cathode; Water cooled cover plate covers in the opening's edge of large-scale combined graphite cuvette, and is provided with temperature-resistant insulation layer between the opening's edge of large-scale combined graphite cuvette and water cooled cover plate; Each tungsten cathode with one independently the negative pole of electrolysis power be connected, the positive pole of each electrolysis power is all connected with water cooled cover plate, each graphite anode is all connected with water cooled cover plate.
It is that link position at interconnecting piece arranges groove or tongue that Tenon connects, interconnecting piece groove and tongue carry out Tenon connection, Tenon connecting portion is bonding with refractory adhesive, refractory adhesive adopts rare earth oxide, insullac, turps, (20-30) by weight: (1-10): (1-10) after ratio is mixed, evenly smear on groove, smearing thickness 3～5mm, is combined into an integral body after sintering.
Described steel protective shell comprises internal layer steel protective shell and outer steel protective shell; internal layer steel protective shell and outer steel protective shell are bottomless shell; between the sidewall of internal layer steel protective shell and large-scale combined graphite cuvette, be filled with refractory materials; in gap between internal layer steel protective shell and outer steel protective shell; lower part is filled with refractory materials, and upper part is filled with lagging material.
Described water cooled cover plate is welded by two-layered steel plates hollow, in the middle of water cooled cover plate, reserve fire door, on the sidewall of water cooled cover plate, be provided with entrance of cooling water and cooling water outlet, in water cooled cover plate, between entrance of cooling water and cooling water outlet, be provided with water coolant division plate;
On the sidewall of described water cooled cover plate, be provided with anode connection end, be provided with the anode dop corresponding with graphite anode on the plate face of water cooled cover plate, each anode dop connects by the anode connection plate graphite anode corresponding with.
Described metal receptor is tungsten composition metal receptor, and sidewall adopts molybdenum plate to make, and bottom welding tungsten plate is suitable for reading with the welding of molybdenum bar.
Advantage of the present invention is: large-scale combined graphite cuvette adopts piecemeal Tenon composite construction for connecting, is not subject to the restriction of graphite material size, and cell body volume can be done greatly; Adopt two or many power supply facilities to power respectively, the requirement to electrolyzer performance and specification while greatly reducing electrolyzer dilatation; The distribution form of graphite anode can strengthen graphite anode size, effectively reduces the problem of cell body voltage and non-uniform electric, has improved product quality; The design of tungsten composition metal receptor material and structure, has prevented that under high-temperature service, metal receptor deforms; Water cooled cover plate the further non-Rare-earth Iron foreign matter content in product that reduced is set, extended the work-ing life of graphite cuvette and positive contact, reduced production cost; Steel protective shell divides inside and outside two-layer setting, between the sidewall of internal layer steel protective shell and large-scale combined graphite cuvette, is filled with refractory materials, effectively that graphite cuvette outer wall and air is isolated, has prevented electrolytic solution Seepage, has extended electrolyzer work-ing life; Metal receptor and horizontal direction are 5
.～10
。be obliquely installed, without stopping electrolysis power, convenient and swift when adopting siphoning installation to go out metal, improved metal yield, reduced carbon content; Adopt high-temperature insulation material to make water-cooling system and graphite cuvette isolation, stopped graphite cuvette participation electrolytic reaction, improved large-scale combined graphitic cell work-ing life; Reduced spacious form graphitic cell because of fire door temperature higher, and cause on graphite cuvette along and positive contact, problem that stove cover plate equal loss is serious.Electric field distribution of the present invention is even, and current efficiency obviously improves, and coordinates with dust-removing recovery device, has realized energy-conservation, High-efficient Production, has solved large-scale rare earth electrolysis cell to power supply facilities and the rational requirement of line arrangement simultaneously.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of large-scale combined graphite cuvette;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of tungsten composition metal receptor;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of water cooled cover plate;
Fig. 6 is the electric mode schematic diagram of entering of large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is anodic bonding schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system of 40KA;
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of Fig. 8.
embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing 1 to 7; large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system of the present invention, comprising: large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5, tungsten cathode 6, tungsten composition metal receptor 7, graphite anode 8, water cooled cover plate 9, internal layer steel protective shell 11, outer steel protective shell 12, electrolysis power 19.Large-scale combined graphite cuvette is split-type structural, comprise: on semicircle sidewall along a, on the first square sidewall along b, on the second square sidewall along c, semicircle sidewall d, the first square sidewall e, the second square sidewall f, the first base g, the second base h, on semicircle sidewall along on the groove of a side and the first square sidewall along the tongue of b side, on the first square sidewall along on the tongue of b side and the second square sidewall along the groove of c side, on the second square sidewall, along the tongue of c side, become edge on graphite cuvette with the groove combination along a side on the semicircle sidewall of the other end, the groove of semicircle sidewall d side with the tongue of the first square sidewall e side, the tongue of the first square sidewall e side with the groove of the second square sidewall f side, the tongue of the second square sidewall f side becomes graphite cuvette sidewall with the groove combination of the other end semicircle sidewall d side, the groove of semicircle sidewall d below is with the tongue of the first base g side, the groove of the tongue of the first base g side and the second base h side, and the tongue of the second base h side becomes graphite cuvette base with the groove combination below the other end semicircle sidewall d, the tongue of the groove of a, b, c below and e, d, f top is combined into an integral body, and wherein a, b, c seriously design along scaling loss for upper slotting anode and cathode opened type graphite tank furnace, while seriously causing fused salt to be revealed as fire door scaling loss, and replaceable substituting.Wherein c, f, h, only need supporting increase corresponding component can realize the requirement of graphite cuvette dilatation.
Large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system of the present invention, adopt underground installation, fill with refractory cements 1 cell body bottom, graphite anode 8 is arranged along the annular region of the sidewall of large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5 respectively, tungsten cathode 6 is vertically placed in the symmetrical center line of the length direction of large-scale combined graphite cuvette, two cathode spacings are 50cm, and tungsten cathode 6 is 7～9cm with nearest graphite anode 8 back gauges; The corresponding electrolysis power 19 independently of each tungsten cathode, with the corresponding cathode anchor 22 that is provided with of negative terminals 20 on electrolysis power, on cathode anchor, be fixed with copper coin 23, copper coin 23 is connected with tungsten cathode by copper pigtail 24, and the negative terminals 20 use wires on electrolysis power are connected with copper coin 23; Water cooled cover plate 9 is welded by the steel plate hollow of two layers of thickness 10mm; centre reserves the position of fire door 16; both sides are welded with anode connection end 13; on a sidewall, be provided with entrance of cooling water 17 and cooling water outlet 18; top is welded with anode dop 15; inside arranges cooling water channel and imports and exports division plate 14, makes to realize the object of protection graphite cuvette.Electrolysis power positive terminal 21 is connected with the anode connection end 13 on water cooled cover plate, each anode dop 15 connects by anode connection plate 10 graphite anode 8 corresponding with, and the track laying being connected with negative terminals with electrolysis power positive terminal is underground; Large-scale combined graphite cuvette is positioned over internal layer steel protective shell 11 middles; refractory materials 2 padding and compactings for its gap; in gap between internal layer steel protective shell 11 and outer steel protective shell 12; lower part is filled with refractory materials 2; upper part is filled with lagging material 3; refractory materials 2 is laid in large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5 belows, and described refractory materials 2 adopts cold paste, the Graphite Powder 99 etc. smash.Tungsten earthenware composition metal receptor 7 is positioned over built-up type graphite groove 5 bottoms, around with rare earth oxide filling, compacting; On large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5, along the insulating material 4 that adopts asbestos, refractory aggregate and water glass to be mixed, fill, water cooled cover plate 9 is placed on top, is provided with cooling water circulation water route in it.
The present invention is 15KA built-up type rare earth molten salt electrolytic system, will on two semicircle sidewalls, along the tongue along b side on a side groove and two the first square sidewalls, be combined into edge on 15KA graphite cuvette, by the tongue combination of the groove of two semicircle sidewall d sides and two the first square sidewall e both sides, on two semicircle sidewalls, along a below tongue, be combined into graphite cuvette sidewall with the tongue along b below on two the first square sidewalls respectively, two first grooves of square sidewall e below and the tongue of the first base g side are combined into graphite cuvette bottom, level ground arranges the mounting groove of the wide 1300* of a long 1800* dark 1400, fill with refractory cements 1 mounting groove bottom, the refractory materials 2 of top place mat 20mm, by steel protective shell 11, 12, built-up type graphite groove 5 is positioned in mounting groove, guarantee its level, central position is consistent, between internal layer steel protective shell 11 and large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5, adopt the cold paste of smashing, the refractory materialss such as Graphite Powder 99 2 are filled, in, outer steel protective shell 11, between 12, fill with refractory materials 2 bottom, top adopts lagging material 3 to fill, on large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5, edge adopts aggregate, asbestos plate, water glass mixes makes insulating material 4 fillings, then by water cooled cover plate 9 sides of being placed on it and outer steel protective shell 12 welding, water cooled cover intralamellar part arranges circulation waterway, edge is processed with two anode connection ends.Tungsten composition metal receptor is positioned over to large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5 bottoms, with inclined 5
.～10
。, around with rare earth oxide filling, compacting, be convenient to collect metal and improve yield;
The tungsten cathode 6 of two diameter 80 ㎜, length 570 ㎜ is separately fixed to the central position that is vertically placed on semicircle graphitic cell sidewall on the copper coin of growing thick 20 ㎜ of the wide 120 ㎜ * of 1000 ㎜ *, four cross sections of the bar-shaped graphite anode of eight diameter 110 ㎜, length 570 ㎜ and long 570 ㎜ * thick 80 are that fan-shaped graphite anode is arranged in around built-up type graphite groove sidewall, guarantee that anode and cathode closest range is 7～9cm, near negative electrode, be evenly reinforced region, at cell body sidewall clear position, place pulse charging machine; Two 12V 8KA electrolysis powers are connected with negative electrode, anode connection end respectively, are two electric field power supplies.
With reference to accompanying drawing, 8,9 the present invention are the many negative electrodes of 40KA power supply built-up type rare earth electrolysis cell, by two semicircle sidewalls along a respectively with two the first square sidewalls on along being combined into edge on graphite cuvette along c on b, four the second square sidewalls.The sidewall body of graphite cuvette is combined respectively in two semicircle sidewall d sides with two the first square sidewall e, four the second square sidewall f; Graphite cuvette bottom is combined by the bottom of two semicircle sidewall d and a first base g and two the second base h, edge on the graphite cuvette being combined into is combined again with at the bottom of graphite cuvette sidewall body and graphite cuvette, become a large-scale combined graphite cuvette whole.
Level ground arranges the mounting groove of dark 1400 ㎜ of a long wide 2200 ㎜ * of 3500 ㎜ *, fill with refractory cements 1 mounting groove bottom, the refractory materials 2 of top place mat 20mm, by internal layer steel protective shell 11, outer steel protective shell 12, large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5 is positioned in mounting groove, guarantee that its level and central position are consistent, between internal layer steel protective shell 11 and large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5, adopt the cold paste of smashing, the refractory materialss such as Graphite Powder 99 2 are filled, ectonexine steel protective shell 11, between 12, fill with refractory materials 2 bottom, top adopts lagging material 3 to fill, on large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5, edge adopts aggregate, asbestos plate, water glass mixes makes insulating material 4 fillings, then by water cooled cover plate 9 sides of being placed on it and outer steel protective shell welding, water cooled cover intralamellar part arranges circulation waterway, edge is processed with 5 anode connection ends.Tungsten composition metal receptor is positioned over to large-scale combined graphite cuvette 5 bottoms, with inclined 5
.～10
。, around with rare earth oxide filling, compacting, be convenient to collect metal and improve yield;
By five diameter 80 ㎜, the tungsten cathode 6 of length 570 ㎜ is separately fixed on the copper coin of growing thick 20 ㎜ of the wide 120 ㎜ * of 1000 ㎜ * and is vertically evenly positioned in the symmetrical center line of large-scale combined graphite cuvette, four cross sections of four block length 570 ㎜ * thick 80 are that fan-shaped graphite anode is arranged (two, every end) along the semicircle sidewall of large-scale combined graphite cuvette two ends, the square graphite anode of the wide 350 ㎜ * thick 80 of 10 block length 570 ㎜ *, be arranged in around middle three negative electrodes, guarantee cloudy, anode closest range is 7～9cm, it near negative electrode, is evenly reinforced region, at cell body sidewall clear position, place pulse charging machine, five 12V 8KA electrolysis powers are connected with negative electrode, anode connection end respectively, are each electric field power supply.
Claims (6)
1. a large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system, comprises large-scale combined graphite cuvette, graphite anode, tungsten cathode, steel protective shell, metal receptor, water cooled cover plate, electrolysis power, is characterized in that: large-scale combined graphite cuvette is by base, the semicircle sidewall in both ends, edge on the semicircle sidewall corresponding with semicircle sidewall, be arranged on two prescription shape sidewalls between the semicircle sidewall in both ends, on the square sidewall corresponding with square sidewall, edge forms, wherein base consists of an above base contiguous block, every prescription shape sidewall consists of the square sidewall contiguous block equating with base contiguous block quantity, on square sidewall along by forming along contiguous block on the square sidewall corresponding with square sidewall contiguous block, all semicircle sidewalls, edge on semicircle sidewall, base contiguous block, square sidewall contiguous block forms with being connected to combine by Tenon along contiguous block on square sidewall the large-scale combined graphite cuvette that two ends are arc surface, in large-scale combined graphite cuvette bottom, be provided with metal receptor mounting groove, metal receptor is arranged in the mounting groove of large-scale combined graphite cuvette bottom, and metal receptor and horizontal direction have the inclination of 5 degree～10 degree, along being evenly provided with vertical graphite anode in the annular region of large-scale combined graphite cuvette sidewall, each graphite anode and large-scale combined graphite cuvette sidewall keep 1～2 centimetre of spacing, in the symmetrical center line of the length direction of large-scale combined graphite cuvette, be evenly provided with an above vertical tungsten cathode, water cooled cover plate covers in the opening's edge of large-scale combined graphite cuvette, and is provided with temperature-resistant insulation layer between the opening's edge of large-scale combined graphite cuvette and water cooled cover plate, each tungsten cathode with one independently the negative pole of electrolysis power be connected, the positive pole of each electrolysis power is all connected with water cooled cover plate, each graphite anode is all connected with water cooled cover plate.
2. large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is that link position at interconnecting piece arranges groove or tongue that Tenon connects, interconnecting piece groove and tongue carry out Tenon connection, Tenon connecting portion is bonding with refractory adhesive, refractory adhesive adopts rare earth oxide, insullac, turps, (20-30) by weight: (1-10): (1-10) after ratio is mixed, evenly smear on groove, smearing thickness 3～5mm, is combined into an integral body after sintering.
3. large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described steel protective shell comprises internal layer steel protective shell and outer steel protective shell; internal layer steel protective shell and outer steel protective shell are bottomless shell; between the sidewall of internal layer steel protective shell and large-scale combined graphite cuvette, be filled with refractory materials; in gap between internal layer steel protective shell and outer steel protective shell; lower part is filled with refractory materials, and upper part is filled with lagging material.
4. large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water cooled cover plate is welded by two-layered steel plates hollow, in the middle of water cooled cover plate, reserve fire door, on the sidewall of water cooled cover plate, be provided with entrance of cooling water and cooling water outlet, in water cooled cover plate, between entrance of cooling water and cooling water outlet, be provided with water coolant division plate.
5. large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: on the sidewall of described water cooled cover plate, be provided with anode connection end, on the plate face of water cooled cover plate, be provided with the anode dop corresponding with graphite anode, each anode dop connects by the anode connection plate graphite anode corresponding with.
6. large-scale combined rare earth molten salt electrolytic system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described metal receptor is tungsten composition metal receptor, and sidewall adopts molybdenum plate to make, and bottom welding tungsten plate is suitable for reading with the welding of molybdenum bar.
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| CN104328458A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-04 | 赣州三友稀土新材料有限公司 | High-yield and energy-saving electrolytic furnace for rare-earth metals |
| CN104562092A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2015-04-29 | 奉新赣锋锂业有限公司 | Multi-anode lithium metal electrolytic bath |
| CN104818499A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-08-05 | 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Electrolytic furnace group |
| CN104818498A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-08-05 | 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Electrolytic furnace group |
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| CN108179444A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-19 | 四川江铜稀土有限责任公司 | A kind of construction technology of 10KA grades of rare earth electrolysis cell |
| CN109706483A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Large capacity Rare Earth Electrolysis slot device |
| CN113337851A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-09-03 | 包头瑞鑫稀土金属材料股份有限公司 | Large-size cathode rare earth molten salt electrolytic cell |
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