CN114752967A - Cluster type rare earth metal fused salt electrolysis device - Google Patents
Cluster type rare earth metal fused salt electrolysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114752967A CN114752967A CN202210178631.7A CN202210178631A CN114752967A CN 114752967 A CN114752967 A CN 114752967A CN 202210178631 A CN202210178631 A CN 202210178631A CN 114752967 A CN114752967 A CN 114752967A
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005008 domestic process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cluster-type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device, which comprises an electrolytic bath, a tungsten cathode and a graphite anode, wherein the tungsten cathode is a cluster-type electrode and is formed by combining a plurality of tungsten electrode modules around the central shaft of the electrolytic bath; the graphite anode is formed by connecting a plurality of graphite electrode modules in parallel around the tungsten cathode, and the length of the graphite anode is more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell; the electrolysis apparatus further comprises: the cathode lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode and used for driving the tungsten cathode to lift and fall; the cathode supporting platform is used for fixing the cathode lifting assembly; the anode lifting assemblies are fixedly connected to the tops of the graphite electrode modules one by one and used for respectively driving each graphite electrode module to lift and fall; and the anode lifting platform is used for fixing the anode lifting assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth electrolytic cell equipment, in particular to a cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device.
Background
Rare earth (Rare earth) is a group of novel functional materials with various characteristics such as electricity, magnetism, light, superconduction, catalysis and biology, comprises seventeen metal elements including lanthanide elements, scandium and yttrium in a periodic table of elements, is an important basic material for the high-tech fields such as information technology, biotechnology, new material and new energy technology and national defense construction, and plays an important role in reforming certain traditional industries such as agriculture, chemical industry, building materials and the like.
At present, the molten salt electrolysis method is one of the main domestic methods for producing mixed and single rare earth metals and alloys, and is mainly used for extracting some active metals which cannot be prepared in aqueous solution, such as Li, Na, K, Mg, Ti, Ta, Zr and the like.
In the process of rare earth electrolysis, a medium-sized electrolytic cell with 3000-8000 amperes and a large-sized electrolytic cell with more than ten thousand amperes are needed, wherein the electrolytic cell is made of graphite, the graphite is used as an anode, a tungsten rod is used as a cathode, rare earth metal is prepared by direct current electrolysis, and a tungsten receiving crucible is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell and used as a molten metal receiver. In the prior art, the graphite anode is generally formed by splicing a plurality of dispersed graphite tiles, so that the graphite anode is consumable under the action of electrochemistry, chemical reaction, molten salt erosion and mechanical force, and the anode can be continuously electrolyzed by consuming a new anode to be replaced after being electrolyzed for a certain time.
At present, when the anode is replaced, the common method is as follows: firstly, the electrolyzed metal is clamped out of the electrolytic bath and poured out, a certain amount of molten salt is scooped out, the molten salt is prevented from overflowing after entering a new anode, then the anode lead is disassembled, the residual part of the old anode is lifted away, dirt falling in the molten salt is cleaned, the new anode is put in to connect the anode lead, the temperature is raised by using alternating current electric arc, after the temperature reaches the electrolysis temperature, the graphite electrode is lifted, and the graphite electrode is put in a tungsten-bearing crucible to be continuously electrified for electrolysis according to the electrolysis operation.
However, in the actual electrolysis process, the service life of the graphite anode is only 50-60 hours on average, and if the graphite anode is used for too long time, the volume of the graphite anode is suddenly reduced, so that the surface area is reduced, and the effective area is reduced. When the surface area is too small, the current density of the anode is the maximum, the anode effect is easy to generate, the temperature of the electrolyte is increased, the reduced rare earth metal liquid can be reversely dissolved, the yield of the metal liquid is influenced, and the electrolytic efficiency is obviously reduced due to the increase of the polar distance. Based on this, the graphite anode needs to be frequently replaced, the production efficiency of the rare earth is influenced, and the operation cost is increased.
Further, in the case of a circular electrolytic cell, when the electrolytic current is increased to ten thousand amperes or more, the outer diameter of the tungsten cathode inevitably increases, thereby causing a great increase in the weight of the tungsten cathode and a great increase in the manufacturing cost and production cost.
Furthermore, the cathode lifting system is also a part of the rare earth electrolytic furnace, and the system is mainly used for fixing the cathode in the electrolytic process, preventing the cathode from swinging in the electrolytic process and keeping the cathode in the central position of the electrolytic furnace all the time. Need promote the negative pole out of the electrolytic furnace when the electrolytic furnace is changed or the clearance electrolytic furnace to remove to one side, need artifical supplementary just can realize removing and fixing, adopt fixed pulley formula operating system at present, motor control, long-time the use has wire rope wearing and tearing, the phenomenon of wearing and tearing, grinding off.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device, aiming at solving the technical problems in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cluster-type molten salt electrolysis device for rare earth metals comprises an electrolysis bath, a tungsten cathode and a graphite anode, wherein the tungsten cathode is a cluster electrode and is formed by combining a plurality of tungsten electrode modules around the central shaft of the electrolysis bath; the graphite anode is formed by connecting a plurality of graphite electrode modules in parallel around the tungsten cathode, and the length of the graphite anode is more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell;
the electrolysis apparatus further comprises:
the cathode lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode and used for driving the tungsten cathode to lift and fall;
the cathode supporting platform is used for fixing the cathode lifting assembly;
the anode lifting assemblies are fixedly connected to the tops of the graphite electrode modules one by one and used for respectively driving each graphite electrode module to lift and fall;
and the anode lifting platform is used for fixing the anode lifting assembly.
Preferably, the tungsten electrode module is substantially semi-cylindrical, and a curved surface of the tungsten electrode module faces the graphite anode; the upper parts of the tungsten electrode modules are welded into a whole through a copper plate to form a tungsten cathode.
As a preferable technical scheme, the number of the tungsten electrode modules is more than 4, and the sections of the tungsten electrode modules are relatively uniformly distributed in the electrolytic cell; the distance between two opposite tungsten electrode modules is more than 150 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the cathode lifting assembly is a spiral lifter, the spiral lifter comprises a cathode driving device, a cathode screw rod matched with the cathode driving device, a cathode guide rail arranged in parallel with the cathode screw rod, and a cathode sliding block driven by the cathode screw rod and assembled on the cathode guide rail in a sliding manner, and the cathode sliding block is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode so as to drive the tungsten cathode to lift.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the cathode slide block is further provided with a steel plate sleeve, and bakelite for insulation is embedded in the steel plate sleeve.
As a preferred technical scheme, one end of the cathode supporting platform is fixed on a wall or other supports, and the other end of the cathode supporting platform is connected with the cathode lifting assembly; one end of the anode lifting platform is also fixed on a wall or other supports, the other end of the anode lifting platform is connected with the anode lifting assembly, and the anode lifting platform is arranged above the cathode supporting platform.
As a preferred technical scheme, the number of the graphite electrode modules is N, wherein N is more than or equal to 6 and less than or equal to 10; the length of N-1 graphite electrode modules is more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell, and the length of the rest 1 graphite electrode module is 1.2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell.
As a preferable technical scheme, the anode lifting assembly comprises N-1 lead screw lifters, and the lead screw lifters are connected with the graphite electrode modules with the length being more than 2 times of the bore depth one by one so as to respectively drive the graphite electrode modules to lift.
As the preferred technical scheme, a positioning chuck is arranged at a position which is 50mm away from the top end of the graphite anode, and a hole matched with the graphite electrode module is formed in the chuck and used for ensuring that the graphite electrode module keeps vertical angle when the graphite electrode module is lifted.
The electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, and is characterized by further comprising a water-cooled furnace cover covering the opening of the electrolytic cell, wherein a conductive disc is further arranged on the water-cooled furnace cover, and the graphite anode is fixed on the water-cooled furnace cover through the conductive disc.
As a preferred technical scheme, an anode clamping groove for the graphite electrode module to pass through is arranged on the conductive disc, and the graphite electrode module is fastened on the conductive disc through an anode fastening device; the anode fastening device comprises a hand wheel, a compression nut and a lead screw.
The electrolytic cell further comprises a metal receiver arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, an electrolytic furnace inner shell and an electrolytic furnace outer shell which are arranged outside the electrolytic cell, wherein the electrolytic furnace inner shell and the electrolytic furnace outer shell are steel protective shells without bottoms.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the purposes of rare earth fused salt electrolysis capacity expansion and yield increase by adopting a semi-cylindrical cluster cathode and an arrangement mode of increasing the length of the anode.
(2) According to the invention, the tungsten cathodes in the rare earth metal electrolysis device are changed into the cluster electrodes, each tungsten electrode module is designed to be semi-cylindrical, the two cathodes are opposite, and the current density is low, so that electric field lines are distributed in an area participating in an electrolysis reaction between the anode and the cathode, the investment cost can be reduced, and the mutual influence of electric fields between the cathodes can be reduced.
(3) Through the length that increases graphite anode to all installed positive pole lifting unit in the top of every graphite electrode module, when participating in the corresponding graphite electrode module of electrolysis reaction and consuming to be difficult to maintain normal electrolysis reaction, can carry out local cutting and handle, need not whole change, improved production efficiency.
(4) Mechanical lifting assemblies are arranged above the tungsten cathode and the graphite anode, so that the manual operation intensity is reduced.
(5) When the graphite anode is designed, the N-1 graphite electrode modules are designed to be twice as long as the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell, and the remaining graphite electrode module is still 1.2 times as long as the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell, so that the electrolytic reaction of rare earth and the tapping operation of metal can be observed conveniently.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below to form a part of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments and the description thereof illustrate the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cluster-type molten salt electrolysis device for rare earth metals, which is disclosed in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line F-F of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion L of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line G-G of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line N-N of FIG. 1;
description of reference numerals:
an electrolytic cell 100, an electrolytic furnace inner shell 110, an electrolytic furnace outer shell 120, a metal receiver 130, a water-cooled furnace cover 140; a tungsten cathode 200, a tungsten electrode module 210, a cathode lead 220; a cathode elevating assembly 300, a cathode support platform 310; the graphite anode 400, the graphite electrode module 410, the anode lead wire 420, the conductive disc 430, the anode clamping groove 431, the anode fastening device 440, the hand wheel 441, the lead screw 442 and the compression nut 443; an anode lifting assembly 500, an anode lifting platform 510; the chuck 600 is positioned.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it is noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cluster-type molten rare earth metal salt electrolyzer provided in the present invention.
The invention provides a cluster-type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device, which comprises an electrolysis bath 100, a tungsten cathode 200, a graphite anode 400, a cathode lifting assembly 300, a cathode supporting platform 310, an anode lifting assembly 500, an anode lifting platform 510, a water-cooled furnace cover 140, a conductive disc 430, a positioning chuck 600, an electrolysis furnace inner shell 110, an electrolysis furnace outer shell 120 and a metal receiver 130, as shown in figures 1 to 6.
In view of the fact that in the prior art large circular rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis cell 100, when the electrolysis current is increased to ten thousand amperes or more, the weight and volume of the tungsten cathode 200 to be used are greatly increased, and the high cost of the large-volume tungsten cathode 200 leads to the increase of the production cost, in a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the tungsten cathode 200 is designed as a cluster electrode, specifically: the plurality of semi-cylindrical tungsten electrode modules 210 are combined around the central axis of the electrolytic cell 100, wherein the curved surface of the semi-cylindrical tungsten electrode modules 210 is opposite to the graphite anode 400, the number of the curved surface can be 4, 6, 8 or more, and the curved surface is uniformly distributed around the central axis of the electrolytic cell 100, the upper parts of the plurality of tungsten electrode modules 210 are welded into a whole through a copper plate, and the cathode lead 220 is connected to the copper plate, as shown in fig. 6, to form the clustered tungsten cathode 200. Specifically, the tungsten cathode 200 is designed to be semicircular in shape: the two cathodes are opposite, the current density is low, and electric field lines can be distributed in a region participating in electrolytic reaction between the anode and the cathode; by adopting the arrangement mode, the weight of the tungsten cathode 200 can be effectively reduced, and the use requirement can be met in a large circular electrolytic tank 100; and the cluster type tungsten cathode 200 can reduce the mutual influence of electric fields between cathodes while reducing the manufacturing cost, thereby improving the production efficiency. Further, the connection between the plurality of tungsten electrode modules 210 and the copper plate is not limited to welding, and any connection method may be used as long as it can achieve firm connection and electrical connection between the two.
In a preferred embodiment, the distance between two opposing tungsten electrode modules 210 in cross-section is greater than 150mm in the tungsten electrode modules 210 arranged around the central axis of the cell 100 to ensure the best electrolytic reaction at the cathode.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, in order to fix the tungsten cathode 200 during the electrolysis process, prevent the tungsten cathode 200 from swinging during the electrolysis process, and keep the tungsten cathode 200 at the center of the electrolytic furnace; and a cathode elevating assembly 300 and a cathode supporting platform 310 are provided above the tungsten cathode 200 in order to facilitate the cathode to be lifted out of the electrolytic furnace and moved to one side when the electrolytic furnace is replaced or cleaned. Wherein the cathode supporting platform 310 is used for fixing the cathode elevating assembly 300; specifically, one end of the cathode supporting platform 310 is fixed on a wall or other supports, and the other end is connected to the cathode lifting assembly 300; further, the cathode support platform 310 may be a triangular support frame, or other shaped support frame that can stably support the cathode elevating assembly 300.
In a preferred embodiment, the cathode lifting assembly 300 is a screw lift that includes a cathode drive, a cathode screw, a cathode guide rail, and a cathode slide. Specifically, the cathode driving device can adopt a driving motor, and the driving motor drives a reduction gearbox to further drive a cathode screw rod to rotate; the cathode guide rail is arranged in parallel with the cathode lead screw, the cathode slide block is driven by the cathode lead screw and is assembled on the cathode guide rail in a sliding mode, the cathode lead screw is driven by the driving motor to drive the cathode slide block to lift, and further, the cathode slide block is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode 200, so that the height of the tungsten cathode 200 can be adjusted. It should be understood that the above-mentioned solution for moving the slider up and down by providing the screw rod elevator is a common technical means in the art, and is not described herein in detail.
Furthermore, a steel plate sleeve is arranged on the cathode slide block, and bakelite for insulation is embedded in the steel plate sleeve.
In another preferred embodiment, the cathode lifting assembly 300 is a screw elevator that includes a cathode drive and a cathode screw. The cathode driving device still adopts a driving motor, the driving motor drives the worm and the worm wheel to further drive the cathode screw to lift, the tungsten cathode 200 is directly and fixedly connected to the lower end of the cathode screw, and the cathode screw drives the tungsten cathode 200 to realize height adjustment. In specific implementation, the above-mentioned settings are common technical solutions in the prior art, and are not described herein again.
Referring to FIG. 2, in a preferred embodiment, the graphite anode 400 is formed by connecting N graphite electrode modules 410 in parallel around the tungsten cathode 200, preferably 6N 10, and in the preferred example of FIG. 2 7; further, because the part of the graphite anode 400 above the electrolyte level is burnt by various hot gases discharged during the electrolysis process, and the part soaked in the electrolyte is consumed by electrochemical, chemical reaction, molten salt erosion and mechanical force, in the prior art, the service life of the graphite anode 400 is only 50-60 hours on average, the consumption cost of the graphite anode 400 accounts for 1/5-1/4 of the rare earth production and processing cost, and the replacement of the graphite anode 400 consumes a large amount of time, which reduces the production efficiency of rare earth, therefore, the service life of the graphite anode 400 is prolonged, the replacement frequency is reduced, in the embodiment, the length of N graphite electrode modules 410 is designed to be more than 2 times of the depth of the bore of the electrolytic cell 100, the top of each graphite electrode module 410 is fixedly connected with an anode lifting assembly 500, which is convenient for lifting the height of the graphite electrode module 410 below after being consumed, after the partial trimming treatment, the cut material falls back to the electrolytic bath 100 to continue the electrolysis of the rare earth.
In another preferred embodiment, the length of the N-1 graphite electrode modules 410 is designed to be more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell 100, and the length of the remaining 1 graphite electrode module 410 is 1.2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell 100, wherein the N-1 graphite electrode modules 410 with the length more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore can be adjusted in height, cut and fall back to continue electrolysis, and the remaining one graphite electrode module 410 is not connected with the anode lifting assembly 500 any more, but is used for observing the electrolytic reaction of rare earth and facilitating the tapping operation of metal.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, preferably, the anode lifting assembly 500 is a screw lifter, the number of the screw lifter is N-1, and the screw lifter is used to be connected with N-1 graphite electrode modules 410 with a length greater than 2 times of the depth of the bore one by one to respectively drive each graphite electrode module 410 to lift, and when the loss of a certain graphite electrode module 410 reaches a certain degree, the graphite electrode module is lifted by controlling the corresponding screw lifter, and falls back to the electrolytic cell 100 after being partially cut, so as to continue the electrolysis of rare earth. Specifically, the screw rod lifter includes a driving device, a screw rod, a guide rail and a slider, and the specific arrangement may refer to the above-mentioned embodiments, which are not described herein again. Meanwhile, as can be known by those skilled in the art, the guide rail of the slider may not be provided, and the driving device adjusts the lifting of the lead screw to drive the corresponding graphite electrode module 410, and the specific connection mode between the devices is the prior art and is not described herein again.
Preferably, due to the height limitation of the graphite electrode module 410, as shown in fig. 1, an anode elevating platform 510 is disposed above the cathode supporting platform 310, and the anode elevating platform 510 is the same as the cathode supporting platform 310: one end of the anode lifting component is fixed on a wall or other supports, and the other end of the anode lifting component is connected with the anode lifting component 500; the specific shapes of the cathode elevating assembly 300 and the anode elevating assembly 500 may be the same or different, and any support may be used as long as it can stably support the cathode elevating assembly.
In a preferred embodiment, a positioning chuck 600, fig. 4, is provided about 50mm from the top of the graphite anode 400, and has holes for mating with the graphite electrode modules 410 to ensure that the graphite electrode modules 410 remain upright when raised and lowered.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the notch of the electrolytic cell 100 is covered with a water-cooled furnace cover 140 for reducing the content of non-rare earth iron impurities in the product and prolonging the service life of the graphite cell and the anode joint; a conductive plate 430 is further provided on the water-cooled furnace cover 140, and the graphite electrode module 410 is fixed to the water-cooled furnace cover 140 through the conductive plate 430. Further, an anode clamping groove 431 is formed in the conductive disc 430 for the graphite electrode module 410 to pass through, and the graphite electrode module 410 is fastened to the conductive disc 430 through an anode fastening device 440; the anode fastening device 440 includes a handwheel 441, a compression nut 443 and a lead screw 442, and the anode wire 420 is connected to the conductive plate 430.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment, a metal receiver 130 is disposed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell 100, an inner shell 110 and an outer shell 120 of the electrolytic cell are disposed outside the electrolytic cell 100, and the inner shell 110 and the outer shell 120 of the electrolytic cell are both bottomless steel protective shells, and further, a refractory material can be filled between the inner shell 110 of the electrolytic cell and the side wall of the electrolytic cell 100 to effectively isolate the outer wall of the graphite cell from air, prevent the leakage of the electrolytic solution, and prolong the service life of the electrolytic cell 100.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention realizes the purposes of rare earth fused salt electrolysis capacity expansion and yield increase by adopting a semi-cylindrical cluster cathode and an arrangement mode of increasing the length of the anode.
(2) According to the invention, the tungsten cathodes in the rare earth metal electrolysis device are changed into the cluster electrodes, each tungsten electrode module is designed to be semi-cylindrical, the two cathodes are opposite, and the current density is low, so that electric field lines are distributed in an area participating in an electrolysis reaction between the anode and the cathode, the investment cost can be reduced, and the mutual influence of electric fields between the cathodes can be reduced.
(3) Through the length that increases graphite anode to all installed positive pole lifting unit in the top of every graphite electrode module, consumed to be difficult to maintain normal electrolytic reaction when participating in electrolytic reaction's corresponding graphite electrode module, can carry out local cutting and handle, need not the overall change, improved production efficiency.
(4) Mechanical lifting assemblies are arranged above the tungsten cathode and the graphite anode, so that the manual operation intensity is reduced.
(5) When the graphite anode is designed, the N-1 graphite electrode modules are designed to be twice as long as the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell, and the remaining graphite electrode module is still 1.2 times as long as the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell, so that the electrolytic reaction of rare earth and the tapping operation of metal can be observed conveniently.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A cluster-type molten salt electrolyzer for rare-earth metals is composed of electrolyzer, tungsten cathode and graphite anode,
the tungsten cathode is a cluster electrode and is formed by combining a plurality of tungsten electrode modules around the central shaft of the electrolytic bath;
the graphite anode is formed by connecting a plurality of graphite electrode modules in parallel around the tungsten cathode, and the length of the graphite anode is more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell;
the electrolysis apparatus further comprises:
the cathode lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode and used for driving the tungsten cathode to lift and fall;
the cathode supporting platform is used for fixing the cathode lifting assembly;
the anode lifting assemblies are fixedly connected to the tops of the graphite electrode modules one by one and used for respectively driving each graphite electrode module to lift and fall;
and the anode lifting platform is used for fixing the anode lifting assembly.
2. The electrolyzer of claim 1 characterized in that the tungsten electrode modules are generally semi-cylindrical with the curved surfaces of the tungsten electrode modules facing the graphite anodes; the upper parts of the tungsten electrode modules are welded into a whole through a copper plate to form a tungsten cathode.
3. The electrolysis device according to claim 2, wherein the number of the tungsten electrode modules is greater than 4 and the cross sections are arranged relatively uniformly in the electrolysis cell; the distance between two opposite tungsten electrode modules is more than 150 mm.
4. The electrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode lifting assembly is a screw lifter, the screw lifter comprises a cathode driving device, a cathode lead screw matched with the cathode driving device, a cathode guide rail arranged in parallel with the cathode lead screw, and a cathode slide block driven by the cathode lead screw and slidably assembled on the cathode guide rail, and the cathode slide block is fixedly connected to the top of the tungsten cathode to drive the tungsten cathode to lift.
5. The electrolysis device according to claim 4, wherein the cathode slide block is further provided with a steel plate sleeve, and bakelite for insulation is further embedded in the steel plate sleeve.
6. The electrolyzing device of claim 1, wherein the cathode supporting platform is fixed to a wall or other support at one end and connected to the cathode lifting assembly at the other end; one end of the anode lifting platform is also fixed on a wall or other supports, the other end of the anode lifting platform is connected with the anode lifting assembly, and the anode lifting platform is arranged above the cathode supporting platform.
7. The electrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the number of graphite electrode modules is N, 6. ltoreq. N.ltoreq.10; wherein the length of N-1 graphite electrode modules is more than 2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell, and the length of the rest 1 graphite electrode module is 1.2 times of the depth of the inner bore of the electrolytic cell.
8. The electrolysis device according to claim 7, wherein the anode lifting assembly comprises N-1 lead screw lifters, and the lead screw lifters are connected with the graphite electrode modules with the length being more than 2 times of the bore depth one by one so as to respectively drive the lifting of each graphite electrode module.
9. The electrolyzer of claim 8 characterized in that a positioning chuck is provided at a distance of about 50mm from the top end of the graphite anode, said chuck being provided with holes for mating with the graphite electrode modules for ensuring that the graphite electrode modules maintain their vertical angle when raised and lowered.
10. The electrolysis device according to claim 1, further comprising a water-cooled furnace cover covering the opening of the electrolytic cell, wherein a conductive disc is further arranged on the water-cooled furnace cover, and the graphite anode is fixed on the water-cooled furnace cover through the conductive disc.
11. The electrolysis device according to claim 10, wherein the conductive disc is provided with an anode clamping groove for the graphite electrode module to pass through, and the graphite electrode module is fastened on the conductive disc through an anode fastening device; the anode fastening device comprises a hand wheel, a compression nut and a lead screw.
12. The electrolysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a metal receiver disposed at the bottom of the electrolysis cell, an inner electrolysis furnace shell and an outer electrolysis furnace shell disposed outside the electrolysis cell, wherein the inner electrolysis furnace shell and the outer electrolysis furnace shell are each a bottomless steel protective shell.
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| CN202210178631.7A CN114752967B (en) | 2022-02-25 | 2022-02-25 | Cluster type rare earth metal molten salt electrolysis device |
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| CN114752967B (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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