CN114747690A - 一种提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于蛋鸡饲料加工和应用技术领域,公开了一种提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料及其制备方法。本发明的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,按重量份数计,包括磷酸氢钙、石粉、贝壳粉、海泡石、甲酸钙、果酸钙、羟基蛋氨酸钙、鸡血藤、牛磺酸、酪蛋白磷酸肽、1,25‑二羟基维生素D3、植酸酶、复合酶制剂、微生态制剂、大豆异黄酮、低聚果糖、壳寡糖、氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐、氯化胆碱、食盐、多维、多矿、载体。本发明的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料可以使蛋鸡有更多的钙,更好的鸡蛋蛋壳品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蛋鸡饲料加工和应用技术领域,具体涉及一种提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在蛋鸡养殖和生产中,蛋壳品质是蛋鸡生产的外观性状和重要经济性状,蛋壳品质下降是蛋鸡养殖过程常见的重要问题,蛋壳破损率高,会严重影响蛋鸡产业的健康发展。当破蛋率占总产量的6%~10%时,就会造成家禽产业和蛋品加工业的经济损失,如何改善蛋壳品质是蛋鸡生产中亟待解决的重要问题。
蛋壳质量是衡量蛋鸡蛋品质的重要指标之一,钙是蛋壳的主要组成成分,机体对钙的吸收和利用直接决定了蛋壳的形成与质量。产蛋鸡每日需要钙量3.5~3.8g/只,当鸡蛋破壳蛋增加或苍白时,钙的吸收存在问题,不能仅盲目的向饲料总添加过多的钙。目前,蛋鸡生产中常见问题有:生产性能下降和蛋壳质量变差。蛋鸡生性敏感,在应激状态下,鸡的采食量下降,所摄入的钙、磷的量也显著下降,影响了蛋壳的脆性以及韧性。子宫中碳酸酐酶活力下降,影响蛋壳中钙的沉积。
蛋鸡生产中和市场现状如下:蛋壳强度下降导致的破壳、软壳、砂壳蛋比例居高不下(占比3%~5%);普通1万存栏蛋鸡,年损失3~6万元(不合格蛋3%~7%);蛋壳致密度差导致鸡蛋货架期短(降价促销,平均14~15天下架,夏天最明显);品牌蛋1万羽损失约30万元(不合格蛋18%左右)。
调查研究发现,规模化蛋鸡场自动捡蛋对蛋壳质量要求更高,而消费者对鸡蛋的蛋壳质量也非常重视,因此,为了满足鸡场和消费者对于蛋壳质量的需求,亟待研发一种那个提高蛋壳质量的预混料及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处而提供一种提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
第一方面,本发明提供一种提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,按重量份数计,包括以下组分:磷酸氢钙140~180份,石粉120~180,贝壳粉90~120份,海泡石30~60份,甲酸钙10~40份,果酸钙10~40份,羟基蛋氨酸钙23~26份,鸡血藤2~5份,牛磺酸1~4份,酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5~2份,1,25-二羟基维生素D3 0.002-0.005份,植酸酶2~8份,复合酶制剂2~5份,微生态制剂2~5份,大豆异黄酮0.1~0.4份,低聚果糖1~4份,壳寡糖1~4份,氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐0.05~0.2份,氯化胆碱13-19份,食盐50~80份,多维5.4~6.0份,多矿12~18份,载体289.55~391.30份。
本发明的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料中,不仅添加了常规钙源磷酸氢钙和石粉,还添加了贝壳粉、甲酸钙和果酸钙。贝壳粉钙含量33%以上,甲酸钙钙含量30.1%、果酸钙中钙含量为23%,三者都是含钙量比较高的钙强化剂。甲酸钙作为一种新型饲料添加剂,主要通过其在胃酸环境中分解出的甲酸实现的。果酸钙微溶于水,水溶性大于柠檬酸钙,在酸碱性条件下都有较高溶解度,均能稳定溶解,且具有高生物学吸收利用性、利于钙,铁等消化吸收。是一种安全性很高的一般食品原料钙,果酸钙固体剂可用作钙质补充剂;
海泡石主要用作微量元素载体或稀释剂还可作为颗粒饲料粘合剂和饲料添加剂。海泡石的阳离子交换能力较低,而且有较高的化学稳定性,在用作预混合料载体时不会与被载的活性物质发生反应;
1,25-二羟基维生素D3是维生素D3的活性形式,可以促进小肠粘膜对钙和磷的吸收,能够升高血钙,增加血磷;调节骨钙的沉积和释放,刺激成骨细胞的活动,促进骨钙沉积和骨的形成;提高破骨细胞的活动,增强骨的溶解,使骨钙、骨磷释放入血,升高血钙和血磷,但总的效应是血钙浓度升高。蛋鸡饲粮中添加VD3及其活性形式(如1,25-二羟基维生素D3),可改善蛋壳品质,离峰期对蛋壳品质的改善作用更加明显;
鸡血藤可补血行血,通经活络;具有造血功能、对凝血、纤溶的作用、对脂质代谢的调节作用等;应用于蛋鸡中,可以改善蛋鸡的免疫能力,提高造血能力,改善蛋壳质量;
牛磺酸含硫的非蛋白氨基酸,在机体内以游离状态存在;作为营养物质参与机体的生长代谢,作为抗氧化剂和膜稳定剂保护机体细胞;在蛋鸡饲料中应用较少,可以明显提高免疫力,改善蛋壳质量;
酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP)是以牛乳酪蛋白为原料,通过生物技术制得的具有生物活性的多肽,能促进钙、铁、锌、镁等二价矿物营养素的吸收和利用,使骨量增加。钙只有以离子形态存在时才易被吸收,而且在中性和弱碱性环境中又容易与酸根离子形成不溶性盐而流失。CPP对钙的吸收作用主要表现为,在中性和弱碱性环境下能与钙结合,抑制不溶性沉淀磷酸钙的生成,避免钙的流失,使游离钙保持较高的浓度,促进钙的被动吸收,成为维生素D作为钙吸收促进剂的又一途径。动物实验表明,CPP能促进钙的吸收和利用,减弱破骨细胞作用及抑制骨的再吸收;
羟基蛋氨酸钙,简称MHA-Ca,是一种含84%HMTBA(2-羟基-4-甲硫基丁酸)的钙盐,主要用作饲料添加剂,水溶性好。MHA-Ca因其特殊的结构性质,不仅具备蛋氨酸的营养免疫功能,促进钙吸收,还能提供部分更易吸收钙含量,且能在肠道内通过氨基酸特定通道直接被吸收,吸收速度特别快;
大豆异黄酮是次级代谢产物,一种生物活性物质,与雌激素有相似结构,因此又称植物雌激素。对鸡有明确的抗氧化作用,提高过氧化水平和抗氧化酶活性的降低也有明显的抑制作用,从而提高鸡的血液载氧量,改善蛋鸡的造血能力;
氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐的主要成分是氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐,由虾蟹壳萃取而来的白色晶体状精细粉末。补充氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐可以修复软骨,修复关节器官的免疫环节并且可以平衡代谢能力,从而恢复关节器官的“免疫保护”能力。这对于最近蛋鸡生产中常见的滑液囊支原体有较好的预防和保健作用,降低蛋鸡关节的肿痛;
微生态制剂,如芽孢杆菌属于肠腔微生物,可黏附在肠道食糜和脱落的肠黏膜细胞上,起到调节肠道菌群平衡、提高动物免疫力和抗应激能力的功效。以保证解决蛋鸡梭菌的问题,降低梭菌性肠炎的发生率,降低死亡率,保证高产稳产;
低聚果糖和壳寡糖是新型的水溶性膳食纤维,能够促进肠道对钙的吸收,低聚果糖和壳寡糖都是有效的益生元,在胃肠道上半部分并不被消化,只是到了胃肠道的下半部分被发酵,通过双歧杆菌的作用产生短链脂肪酸使钙溶解,短链脂肪酸促进粘膜细胞对钙的进入,可缓解蛋鸡补钙导致的胃肠道不适,调节肠道健康,提高蛋鸡免疫功能,提高输卵管和肠道健康状态,改善蛋壳品质。
上述原料的组合应用,具有互补协调性,共同发挥对受损骨细胞的修复和促进再生,加强骨细胞对钙的主动亲和吸附作用,达到补钙入骨和改善蛋壳质量的功效。不但适应产品结构的需要,而且也适应了鸡体生理的需要。本发明在蛋鸡饲料中营养非常丰富,不仅提高了钙的吸收利用率,而且调控钙磷比例和平衡,绿色、有机、无公害。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的优选实施方式,所述大豆异黄酮的纯度≥40wt%,所述氯化胆碱的有效成分含量≥50wt%,所述植酸酶的酶活力≥5000u/g。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的优选实施方式,每千克所述多维中含有以下组分:维生素A 30000~38000KIU,维生素D3 11000~14000KIU,维生素B2≥16.00g,维生素B6≥10.80g,维生素E≥85.00g,维生素K3≥9.50g,维生素B12≥0.04g,烟酸≥110.0g,泛酸≥55.0g,叶酸≥2.00g。
B族维生素(维生素B2,维生素B6,维生素B12,泛酸,烟酸,叶酸)能够使蛋鸡增加食欲,促进发育及内脏运行;维生素D3影响骨骼中钙的稳定和磷的吸收;维生素A促进生长,参与调节代谢过程的生物膜功能;维生素E具有抗氧化作用,参与多方位蛋鸡体内的代谢,起到保护心肺功能的作用,有助于提高免疫力,防止氧化维生素A,D,类胡萝卜素等,提高蛋鸡的性功能及生产质量;维生素K,具有减缓血液凝固等优点。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的优选实施方式,每千克所述的多矿中含有以下微量元素:铜、铁、锌、锰、碘、硒。上述微量元素仅需非常微小的量就可作用于蛋鸡体中,尽管这些微量元素在蛋鸡体内含量极少,但它们对维持蛋鸡体内的一些决定性的新陈代谢确是十分必要的,如当蛋鸡体内含有的铜、铁、锌、锰总量减少,会减弱免疫机制、降低抗病能力、助长细菌感染,而且感染后死亡率亦较高;然而,在高浓度它们可能是有毒的。因此,微量元素的摄入过量或不足都会不同程度地引起蛋鸡的一场或发病情况,经过大量实验发现,上述微量元素的含量控制在下列范围内对蛋鸡的生长发育及蛋壳质量具有显著促进作用,每千克所述多矿中含有以下微量元素:铜16.0~20.0g、铁90.0~110.0g、锌75.0~110.0g、锰100.0~110.0g、碘1.5~1.6g、硒0.3~0.4g。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的优选实施方式,所述复合酶制剂包括以下组分:酸性蛋白酶≥2100000U/kg、中性蛋白酶≥2100000U/kg、木聚糖酶≥12000000U/kg、淀粉酶≥130000U/kg、纤维素酶≥220000U/kg、β-葡聚糖酶≥510000U/kg。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的优选实施方式,所述的微生态制剂由枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌组成,所述枯草芽孢杆菌的菌数≥2.2×1010CFU/g,所述乳酸菌的菌数≥1.2×109CFU/g。优选的,所述乳酸菌由动物双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌中的一种或多种组成。
在蛋鸡生产中,维持蛋鸡健康也是养殖场的一个重点关注因素。在上述的提高蛋壳质量的预混合饲料中,将微生态制剂加入到饲料添加剂中,以增强蛋鸡的饲料转化率,减少致病病原体感染的发生率,同时能够改善蛋鸡消化道微生态系统,有效降低了粪便中氮磷等有害物质排放,降低鸡舍有害气体的含量。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的优选实施方式,所述的石粉为饲料级碳酸钙,其钙含量在38wt%以上;所述的磷酸氢钙为饲料级磷酸氢钙,其含钙量在21wt%以上,含磷量在17wt%以上;所述甲酸钙和果酸钙的质量份数比为1:(1~1.2),所述的鸡血藤和牛磺酸的质量份数比为(2~2.2):1,所述的低聚果糖和壳寡糖的质量份数比为1:(1~1.1)。所述的载体由质量份数1:(1~1.2)的稻壳粉和沸石粉组成。
上述原料的组合应用,共同发挥对受损骨细胞的修复和促进再生,加强骨细胞对钙的主动亲和吸附作用,达到补钙入骨和改善蛋壳质量的功效。所采用的原料间的互补协调性,不但适应产品结构的需要,而且也适应了鸡体生理的需要,因此,主体原料和配合原料之间形成了一个整体系统完美的产品结构。
第二方面,本发明提供了所述提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按所述重量份数取所述组分;依次投料并混合,搅拌均匀,得混合料;
(2)将所得混合料干燥,得到粉状混合料;
(3)打包分装所得粉状混合料,即成。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的制备方法的优选实施方式,在所述步骤(1)中,所述投料分为大料投料和小料投料,所述投料顺序为:
所述大料投料的顺序为:载体,海泡石,甲酸钙,果酸钙,食盐,磷酸氢钙,贝壳粉,石粉;
所述小料投料的顺序为:蛋白磷酸肽,氯化胆碱,羟基蛋氨酸钙,多维,多矿,1,25-羟基维生素D3,植酸酶,复合酶制剂,微生态制剂,大豆异黄酮,鸡血藤,牛磺酸,低聚果糖,壳寡糖和氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐。
作为本发明所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的制备方法的优选实施方式,在所述步骤(2)中,所述干燥的同时采用超声波进行改性处理;所述超声波的功率为30~50W、频率为130~150赫兹、时间T为180s≤T<300s。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料中,部分采用甲酸钙、果酸钙和贝壳粉作为安全可靠的钙产品的原料,用海泡石增加稳定性,海泡石是一种纤维状天然粘土矿物,具有特殊的层链状晶体结构和热稳定性、符合本发明产品的结构形式和适应蛋鸡生理的需要。
本发明的组分配比中,采用具有显著的可以改善蛋鸡的免疫能力,提高造血能力,改善蛋壳质量的鸡血藤,生物黄铜和牛磺酸,三者协同作用,提高钙的吸收率;同时,调节肠道健康方面,本发明添加了低聚果糖和壳寡糖,可以提高蛋鸡免疫功能,显著改善肠道功能,提高输卵管和肠道健康状态,改善蛋壳品质;酪蛋白磷酸肽与磷酸氢钙、石粉、贝壳粉、甲酸钙、果酸钙、羟基蛋氨酸钙、维生素D等协同作用,可使其直接作用于骨骼细胞,抑制破骨细胞活动、促进造骨细胞数量增加及活跃度,并协调成骨细胞和破骨细胞的活动,保持两者的动态平衡,促进骨骼新陈代谢,进而达到促进骨骼生长、修复骨质的目的。
本发明的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料中,通过维生素A、B、D、E、K,多方位参与蛋鸡体内的代谢,起到保护心肺功能、提高免疫力、提高蛋鸡的性功能及生产质量的效果,进而改善了蛋壳光泽和硬度,增加了蛋重。
本发明的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料可以使蛋鸡有更多的钙,更好的鸡蛋蛋壳品质。
具体实施方式
为更好地说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1~4的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的组成原料如表1所示。
其中,所述的大豆异黄酮的纯度为40wt%,氯化胆碱的有效物质含量为50wt%,植酸酶的酶活力为5000u/g;
每千克所述的多维中含有以下组分:维生素A 33000KIU、维生素D3 12000KIU、维生素B2 16.80g、维生素B6 10.60g、维生素E 86.00g、维生素K3 9.20g、维生素B12 0.04g、烟酸110.0g、泛酸58.0g、叶酸2.60g;
每千克所述的多矿中含有以下组分,铜18g、铁100g、锌95g、锰110g、碘1.5g、硒0.3g。
石粉为饲料级碳酸钙,其中钙含量在38wt%以上,所述磷酸氢钙为饲料级磷酸氢钙,含钙量22.5wt%,含磷量17.3wt%,所述甲酸钙和果酸钙的质量份数比为1:1,所述鸡血藤和牛磺酸的质量份数比为2:1,所述低聚果糖和壳寡糖的质量份数比为1:1。
复合酶制剂包括以下组分:酸性蛋白酶为2100000U/kg,中性蛋白酶2100000U,木聚糖酶12000000U,淀粉酶130000U,纤维素酶220000U,β-葡聚糖酶510000U。
微生态制剂由枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌组成,枯草芽孢杆菌为2.2×1010CFU/g,乳酸菌为1.3×109CFU/g;所述的载体由质量份数1:1的稻壳粉和沸石粉组成。
实施例1~4的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的制备方法为:
S1:准确称量各质量份数的组分:
S2:饲料混合机采用双螺杆混合机,在双螺杆混合机上设置两个投料口,其中一个为大料投料口,另一个为小料投料口,从而达到大料和小料分开投料,实现混合均匀的目的;
将称量的各组分依次往饲料混合机中投料,投料的同时进行混合,饲料混合机的投料口分为大料投料口和小料投料口,投料顺序如下:
大料投料口:载体,海泡石,甲酸钙,果酸钙,食盐,磷酸氢钙,贝壳粉,石粉;
小料投料口:蛋白磷酸肽,氯化胆碱,羟基蛋氨酸钙,多维,多矿,1,25-羟基维生素D3,植酸酶,复合酶制剂,微生态制剂,大豆异黄酮,鸡血藤,牛磺酸,低聚果糖,壳寡糖和氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐;
S3:投料完成后,搅拌均匀,并放入干燥机进行干燥,烘干的同时使用功率为40W、频率为140赫兹超声波进行改性处理,即可得到粉状混合料;
其中,改性处理所用的时间T为200s;
S4:打包分装,即成。
表1:实施例的组成原料
组分 | 实施例1(kg) | 实施例2(kg) | 实施例3(kg) | 实施例4(kg) |
磷酸氢钙 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 180 |
石粉 | 180 | 160 | 140 | 120 |
海泡石 | 60 | 50 | 40 | 30 |
贝壳粉 | 90 | 100 | 110 | 120 |
甲酸钙 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 10 |
果酸钙 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 10 |
羟基蛋氨酸钙 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 |
鸡血藤 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
牛磺酸 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
1,25-羟基维生素D3 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.002 |
植酸酶 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 |
复合酶制剂 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 |
微生态制剂 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 |
大豆异黄酮 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
低聚果糖 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
壳寡糖 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
酪蛋白磷酸肽 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.2 |
氯化胆碱 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 13 |
食盐 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 50 |
多维 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 |
多矿 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 |
载体 | 289.55 | 326.80 | 364.05 | 391.30 |
合计 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
效果对比试验:
(1)试验时间:某饲养基地内,试验时间为28天。
(2)试验对象:选用350日龄的2000只罗曼灰蛋鸡。
(3)试验分组:分为对照组和试验组,每组2个重复,每个重复200只,采用相同的饲养管理方法。
(4)饲喂方法:
对照组饲喂正大康地4118配制的蛋鸡全价料,每日3次,自由饮水。
试验组采用实施例3制备的预混合饲料以质量份数为4%制成全价日粮,具体包括:玉米620kg,豆粕250kg,油10kg,石粉80kg,实施例3制备的预混合饲料为40kg,具体见下表。依据此配比配制的全价日粮饲喂产蛋鸡,每日3次,自由饮水。
经过测算,试验组的蛋鸡全价日粮的营养指标为:鸡代谢能2660Kcal/kg,粗蛋白质15.8%,钙3.80%,有效磷0.35%,蛋氨酸0.34%,食盐0.36%。具体见表2。
表2:试验配方及营养水平
(5)测定项目:日采食量,平均蛋重,料蛋比和产蛋率;蛋壳厚度,蛋壳重,破蛋率;血钙和碱性磷酸酶。
(6)结果与分析
1)对照组和试验组对蛋鸡生产性能的影响见表3。
表3对照组和试验组对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
项目 | 对照组 | 试验组 |
日采食量(g/d) | 112.25±2.34 | 111.33±2.05 |
平均蛋重(g/d) | 61.55±2.36 | 62.60±2.16 |
料蛋比 | 2.01±0.03 | 1.95±0.04 |
产蛋率(%) | 90.51±1.57 | 91.46±1.35 |
注:上表数据表示为:平均数±标准差。同行比较,上标用不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),用相同字母表示和未标注着表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
从表3可以看出,对照组和试验组的日采食量分别为112.25g和111.33g,差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组相比,试验组日采食量降低0.92g,因为试验组日粮能量较高,采食量相对降低,降低比例为0.82%;对照组和试验组的平均蛋重分别为61.55g和62.60g,差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组相比,试验组平均蛋重增加1.05g,增加比例为1.71%;对照组和试验组的料蛋比分别为2.01和1.95,差异显著(P<0.05),与对照组相比,试验组料蛋比降低比例为3.43%;对照组和试验组的产蛋率分别为90.51%和91.46%,差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组相比,试验组产蛋率增加比例为0.98%。
2)对照组和试验组对蛋鸡蛋壳质量的影响,见表4。
表4对照组和试验组对蛋鸡蛋壳厚度和破蛋率的影响
项目 | 对照组 | 试验组 |
蛋壳厚度(μm) | 251.36±3.23<sup>A</sup> | 272.47±2.88<sup>B</sup> |
蛋壳重(g) | 6.02±0.04 | 6.35±0.03 |
破蛋率(%) | 1.47±0.03<sup>A</sup> | 0.82±0.05<sup>B</sup> |
注:上表数据表示为:平均数±标准差。同行比较,上标用不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),用相同字母表示和未标注着表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
从表4可以看出,对照组和试验组的蛋壳厚度分别为251.36μm和272.46μm,差异显著(P<0.05),与对照组相比,试验组蛋壳厚度提高21.10μm,提高比例为8.39%;对照组和试验组的蛋壳重分别为6.02g和6.35g,差异不显著(P>0.05),与对照组相比,试验组蛋壳重增加0.33g,增加比例为5.48%;对照组和试验组的破蛋率分别为1.47%和0.82%,差异显著(P<0.05),与对照组相比,试验组破蛋率降低比例为44.21%。
4)结论
以上结果表明:本试验中,实施例3的4%预混合饲料提高了蛋鸡产蛋期平均蛋重、蛋壳重和产蛋率,降低了采食量,料蛋比,但都差异不显著(P>0.05);显著提高了蛋壳厚度(P<0.05),显著降低了破蛋率(P<0.05)。通过合理配置蛋鸡全价日粮,实施例3的4%预混合饲料能够有较好的生产效果,可以显著提高改善蛋壳质量。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括以下组分:磷酸氢钙140~180份,石粉120~180,贝壳粉90~120份,海泡石30~60份,甲酸钙10~40份,果酸钙10~40份,羟基蛋氨酸钙23~26份,鸡血藤2~5份,牛磺酸1~4份,酪蛋白磷酸肽0.5~2份,1,25-二羟基维生素D3 0.002-0.005份,植酸酶2~8份,复合酶制剂2~5份,微生态制剂2~5份,大豆异黄酮0.1~0.4份,低聚果糖1~4份,壳寡糖1~4份,氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐0.05~0.2份,氯化胆碱13-19份,食盐50~80份,多维5.4~6.0份,多矿12~18份,载体289.55~391.30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,其特征在于,所述大豆异黄酮的纯度≥40wt%,所述氯化胆碱的有效成分含量≥50wt%,所述植酸酶的酶活力≥5000u/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,其特征在于,每千克所述多维中含有以下组分:维生素A 30000~38000KIU,维生素D3 11000~14000KIU,维生素B2≥16.00g,维生素B6≥10.80g,维生素E≥85.00g,维生素K3≥9.50g,维生素B12≥0.04g,烟酸≥110.0g,泛酸≥55.0g,叶酸≥2.00g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,其特征在于,每千克所述多矿中含有以下微量元素:铜16.0~20.0g、铁90.0~110.0g、锌75.0~110.0g、锰100.0~110.0g、碘1.5~1.6g、硒0.3~0.4g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,其特征在于,所述复合酶制剂包括以下组分:酸性蛋白酶≥2100000U/kg、中性蛋白酶≥2100000U/kg、木聚糖酶≥12000000U/kg、淀粉酶≥130000U/kg、纤维素酶≥220000U/kg、β-葡聚糖酶≥510000U/kg。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,其特征在于,所述的微生态制剂由枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌组成,所述枯草芽孢杆菌的菌数≥2.2×1010CFU/g,所述乳酸菌的菌数≥1.2×109CFU/g。
7.根据权利要求1所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料,其特征在于,所述的石粉为饲料级碳酸钙,其钙含量在38wt%以上;所述的磷酸氢钙为饲料级磷酸氢钙,其含钙量在21wt%以上,含磷量在17wt%以上;所述甲酸钙和果酸钙的质量份数比为1:(1~1.2),所述的鸡血藤和牛磺酸的质量份数比为(2~2.2):1,所述的低聚果糖和壳寡糖的质量份数比为1:(1~1.1);所述的载体由质量份数1:(1~1.2)的稻壳粉和沸石粉组成。
8.权利要求1~7任一项所述提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按所述重量份数取所述组分;依次投料并混合,搅拌均匀,得混合料;
(2)将所得混合料干燥,得到粉状混合料;
(3)打包分装所得粉状混合料,即成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(1)中,所述投料分为大料投料和小料投料,所述投料顺序为:
所述大料投料的顺序为:载体,海泡石,甲酸钙,果酸钙,食盐,磷酸氢钙,贝壳粉,石粉;
所述小料投料的顺序为:蛋白磷酸肽,氯化胆碱,羟基蛋氨酸钙,多维,多矿,1,25-羟基维生素D3,植酸酶,复合酶制剂,微生态制剂,大豆异黄酮,鸡血藤,牛磺酸,低聚果糖,壳寡糖和氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾盐。
10.根据权利要求8所述的提高蛋鸡蛋壳质量的预混合饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(2)中,所述干燥的同时采用超声波进行改性处理;所述超声波的功率为30~50W、频率为130~150赫兹、时间T为180s≤T<300s。
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WO2016151722A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-23 | 2016-09-29 | 油化産業株式会社 | 飼料組成物、エマルション飼料組成物、および飼料組成物の給与方法 |
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