CN114747578B

CN114747578B - Swab capable of improving cigar coating proportion of cigar tobacco leaves and using method

Info

Publication number: CN114747578B
Application number: CN202210436224.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向世鹏; 周游; 龙大彬; 钱秋芳; 谢鹏飞; 翟争光; 许金亮; 范才银; 蔡海林; 曾维爱; 喻杰; 唐春闺; 赵阿娟; 戴杏华; 李强
Original assignee: Changsha Co Of Hunan Tobacco Co
Current assignee: Changsha Co Of Hunan Tobacco Co
Priority date: 2022-04-25
Filing date: 2022-04-25
Publication date: 2023-11-10
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-25
Also published as: CN114747578A

Abstract

The application discloses a swab capable of improving the ratio of cigar leaf to cigar coat and a using method thereof in the field of tobacco planting, wherein the swab comprises a wood swab soaked in a mixture, the mixture comprises an organic solvent, a base agent and a variable agent, the base agent comprises an emulsifier OP-10 and an ultraviolet light absorbent, and the variable agent comprises one or more of gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid; the cigar shading cultivation requires a great deal of manpower and material resources, and the treatment of the medicine labels can reduce the field operation and cost investment, so that the income of cigar growers is obviously improved.

Description

Swab capable of improving cigar coating proportion of cigar tobacco leaves and using method

Technical Field

The application belongs to the field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a swab capable of improving the eggplant coat proportion of cigar tobacco leaves and a use method.

Background

A typical feature of cigars, compared to ordinary flue-cured tobacco, is the need for shade cultivation. The production of eggplant clothing needs to be shaded, and the production proportion of eggplant clothing is lower under the condition of no shading. The shading can reduce the total radiation reaching the ground surface and scatter the light, so that the blade can avoid strong illumination, obtain more uniform and mild illumination, improve the moisture and the air temperature of the ground surface layer and form a new microenvironment. The effect on growth and development of eggplant coat is mainly represented by stem thinning and leaf thinning. In order to obtain high-quality eggplant coats in most eggplant coat producing areas in the world, sunshade nets are built in the field to moderately shade in the whole growing period. However, the cultivation of the eggplant with the shading coat requires a great amount of manpower and material resources, the investment per mu is up to 5000-8000 yuan, and the field operation is very inconvenient, so a new method is needed to replace the shading cultivation.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the application aims to provide a swab capable of improving the cigar coat proportion of cigar tobacco leaves and a use method thereof, which are used for replacing the shade cultivation of cigars, thereby simplifying field operation and reducing production cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a swab for increasing the ratio of cigar to tobacco leaf coat is composed of a wooden swab immersed in a mixture containing organic solvent, basic agent (OP-10) and ultraviolet light absorbent, and variable agent (gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid).

Further, the ratio of the organic solvent, the base agent and the variable agent is 10:3:1.

further, the ultraviolet absorber includes one or more of sodium lignin sulfonate and para-aminobenzoic acid.

Further, the head of the wood stick is wrapped with a sponge layer, and the sponge layer is bonded with the wood stick.

Further, selecting cigar topping day, removing bottom leaves, leaving 18-20 leaves of each plant, obliquely inserting a swab between 2 and 3 leaves of the plant, releasing and transmitting the basic agent to the leaves, absorbing and consuming ultraviolet rays, and reducing the influence of the ultraviolet rays on the thickness of the leaves; the variable agent is used for controlling the area and thickness of cigar tobacco leaves, so that the leaf area is increased, and the leaf thickness is reduced.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing a solution: ethanol is used as an organic solvent, an emulsifier OP-10 and an ultraviolet light absorber are added into the solvent to serve as a basic agent, and then a variable agent is mixed and added to fix the volume of the solution to 500ml;

s2, soaking the wood sticks: immersing the wood sticks into the solution with constant volume, and taking out and drying the wood sticks after immersing;

s3, cigar tobacco leaf treatment: the cigar is topped on the same day, 14-19 pieces are reserved after the bottom leaves of the cigar are removed, and swabs are obliquely inserted upwards between the inverted 2 leaves and the inverted 3 leaves.

Further, two wood sticks are used for being bound by means of rubber bands in a crossed mode, the rubber bands are kept in a loose state in the binding process, and the wood stick sponge layers bound together after drying are close to each other.

Further, the variable agent in S1 comprises one or two of 0.1-5 g of naphthylacetic acid, 0.1-5 g of indolebutyric acid and 0.1-5 g of gibberellin.

Further, the quantitative compatibilizer in the step S1 comprises five to twenty milliliters of an emulsifier OP-10 and 0.1 to 0.5 gram of an ultraviolet light absorber.

Further, the drying method of the wood sticks in the step S2 comprises natural airing or drying in a blower.

After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: the application can replace cigar shade cultivation, improve the yield ratio of cigar coats and cigar cores, and improve the physical properties of the cigar coats and the availability of the yielding cigar coats; the cigar shading cultivation requires a great deal of manpower and material resources, and the treatment of the medicine labels can reduce the field operation and cost investment, so that the income of cigar growers is obviously improved.

According to the technical scheme, when the tobacco leaf drying machine is used, the crossed wood sticks can be obliquely inserted into tobacco leaves, at the moment, the wood sticks with the sponge layers are dried and then the sponge is shrunken, and daily maintenance is kept after the wood sticks are obliquely inserted into cigar tobacco leaves. In the daily maintenance process (such as irrigation operation or rainfall generated due to weather reasons), the sponge layer is gradually converted into a filling state from a shrunken state due to the water absorption effect, the liquid medicine gradually flows out in the filling state of the sponge layer, and the utilization rate of the liquid medicine is improved.

For the prior art that promotes liquid medicine utilization ratio, sponge layer can be filled gradually along with the time lapse in this technical scheme, the flat sponge layer of this moment can expand to contradict each other between the adjacent sponge layer, because the rubber band keeps the relaxation state at the tie in-process this moment, therefore the interval between the wooden sticks can increase gradually, because cigar tobacco leaf is oval half arc, can follow cigar tobacco leaf landing after the interval increases gradually, consequently, whether there is the wooden stick on the ground when the operating personnel observes in the daily maintenance in-process, thereby realize changing the operation of wooden stick (i.e. wooden stick live time overlength, thereby judge the time that the liquid medicine used, influence the growth of tobacco leaf after avoiding the liquid medicine to use up).

Detailed Description

The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:

example 1

A swab for increasing the ratio of cigar coats of cigar tobacco leaves comprises

1) Treatment 1: 1g of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5g of indolebutyric acid and 0.1g of sodium lignin sulfonate are weighed and dissolved in ethanol solution; 8ml of emulsifier OP-10 is measured, the mixture is added into the ethanol to be fixed to 500ml, the wood sticks are immersed into the prepared solvent for 10 minutes, and the wood sticks are taken out to be naturally dried or dried in a blower. Sealing the swab, storing in shade, and refrigerating at 4deg.C.

2) Treatment 2: 1g of naphthalene acetic acid, 0.5g of gibberellin and 0.1g of sodium lignin sulfonate are weighed and dissolved in an ethanol solution; 8ml of emulsifier OP-10 is measured, the mixture is added into the ethanol to be fixed to 500ml, the wood sticks are immersed into the prepared solvent for 10 minutes, and the wood sticks are taken out to be naturally dried or dried in a blower. Sealing the swab, storing in shade, and refrigerating at 4deg.C.

3) Treatment 3: weighing 1g of indolebutyric acid, 0.5g of gibberellin and 0.1g of sodium lignin sulfonate, and dissolving in an ethanol solution; 8ml of emulsifier OP-10 is measured, the mixture is added into the ethanol to be fixed to 500ml, the wood sticks are immersed into the prepared solvent for 10 minutes, and the wood sticks are taken out to be naturally dried or dried in a blower. Sealing the swab, storing in shade, and refrigerating at 4deg.C.

4) Treatment 4: weighing 0.5g of indolebutyric acid, 0.5g of gibberellin, 0.5g of naphthylacetic acid and 0.1g of sodium lignin sulfonate, and dissolving in an ethanol solution; 8ml of emulsifier OP-10 is measured, the mixture is added into the ethanol to be fixed to 500ml, the wood sticks are immersed into the prepared solvent for 10 minutes, and the wood sticks are taken out to be naturally dried or dried in a blower. Sealing the swab, storing in shade, and refrigerating at 4deg.C.

5) Control: weighing 0.1g of sodium lignin sulfonate, dissolving in ethanol solution, weighing 8ml of emulsifier OP-10, adding into the ethanol to fix the volume to 500ml, immersing the wood sticks in the prepared solvent for 10 minutes, taking out after immersing, naturally airing or drying in a blower. Sealing the swab, and storing in a dry shade.

6) Treatment 5: after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 10 plants of tobacco are subjected to shading cultivation by using the thin cotton yarn 10 days before the tobacco seedlings enter a vigorous period.

7) On the day of topping cigars (eggplant coat variety XX-1), selecting 50 cigar plants with uniform growth, equally dividing into 5 groups, uniformly leaving 17-19 leaves, and treating the cigar plants by using the 5 kinds of swabs, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: swabs were inserted obliquely upward between the inverted 2 and inverted 3 leaves. Harvesting and airing tobacco leaves about 15 days after treatment, hanging a rod for each treatment, harvesting every 5-7 days, harvesting 2 sheets for each treatment, and airing the hanging rods. And then grading and selecting the dried tobacco leaves, selecting the tobacco leaves which can be used as eggplant coats, fermenting, and measuring the appearance quality, physical index, sensory quality and chemical components of the eggplant coated tobacco leaves after fermentation.

Example 2

7) On the day of topping cigars (cigar core variety XX-9), 50 cigar plants with uniform growth are selected, the cigar plants are equally divided into 5 groups and hung, 17-19 leaves are uniformly reserved, and the cigar plants are treated by using the 5 kinds of swabs, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: swabs were inserted obliquely upward between the inverted 2 and inverted 3 leaves. Harvesting and airing tobacco leaves about 15 days after treatment, hanging a rod for each treatment, harvesting every 5-7 days, harvesting 2 sheets for each treatment, and airing the hanging rods. And then grading and selecting the dried tobacco leaves, selecting the tobacco leaves which can be used as eggplant coats, counting the number, fermenting, and measuring the appearance quality, physical index, chemical composition and sensory quality of the eggplant coated tobacco leaves after fermentation.

The test results show that:

1. the number of cigar-coated tobacco leaves produced by cigars treated by different swabs is counted respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1:

table 1 number of eggplant coats produced after using the inventive swab

Treatment of	Variety of species	Proportion of tobacco leaves with eggplant coating (%)
			Process 1	xx-1	13.61
Process 2	xx-1	13.27
			Process 3	xx-1	13.94
Process 4	xx-1	16.13
			Treatment 5 (shading)	xx-1	19.87
Control	xx-1	7.45
			Process 1	xx-9	5.28
Process 2	xx-9	5.52
			Process 3	xx-9	5.64
Process 4	xx-9	5.88
			Treatment 5 (shading)	xx-9	8.69
Control	xx-9	2.99

As can be seen from Table 1, the inventive swab can significantly improve the yield of tobacco leaves coated with eggplant, and has a remarkable effect on improving the yield of tobacco leaves coated with eggplant, although the effect is slightly poorer than that of shade cultivation.

2. Appearance quality of 12 treated tobacco leaves was measured, and the results are shown in table 2:

table 2 appearance quality test conditions of each treated tobacco leaf

The appearance quality of the eggplant coating is not only an important basis for grading tobacco leaves, but also directly influences the quality and grade of cigar products, so that the requirements of the eggplant coating on the appearance quality are approximate perfect, and the high-quality eggplant coating tobacco leaves are required to have moderate leaf size, wide leaf shape, thin and non-abrupt leaf veins, thin leaf veins, good integrity, no spots and holes, fine tissue and uniform color. As shown in Table 2, compared with the control group, the treated tobacco leaves have denser structure, thinner identity and thinner branch, and the tobacco leaves can be better used as eggplant skin raw materials by the changes; the difference is not obvious in the tobacco treated with the swab compared to the shading treatment. The same effect can be achieved by using the drug label.

3. Physical index detection was performed on 12 treated eggplant-coated tobacco leaves, as shown in table 3:

TABLE 3 detection of physical indicators of treated tobacco leaves

Treatment of	Variety of species	Thickness (mm)	Leaf area Density (g/m) ² )	tension/N	Stem content/%	Balance moisture content/%
							Process 1	xx-1	0.069	31.49	81	18.1	11.54
Process 2	xx-1	0.066	30.14	83	17.9	11.36
							Process 3	xx-1	0.069	30.59	80	18.2	11.78
Process 4	xx-1	0.063	29.69	85	17.1	11.15
							Treatment 5 (shading)	xx-1	0.060	28.74	84	16.5	11.21
Control	xx-1	0.084	34.19	70	20.4	12.28
							Process 1	xx-9	0.069	31.49	78	17.7	11.45
Process 2	xx-9	0.072	31.04	75	17.9	11.38
							Process 3	xx-9	0.066	31.04	76	18.1	11.56
Process 4	xx-9	0.066	30.59	80	17.5	11.30
							Treatment 5 (shading)	xx-9	0.063	29.36	82	16.4	11.15
Control	xx-9	0.084	33.74	70	20.4	12.25

The physical properties of eggplant clothing have an important influence on its usability in products. The high-quality eggplant coat is required to be very thin tobacco leaves, the thickness of the tobacco leaves is generally within 0.1mm, the elasticity is good, the tensile force is strong, as can be seen from the table 3, the treated tobacco leaves are obviously thinner than the control group, but have a certain gap with the high-quality eggplant coat; the leaf surface density and the pulling force of the treated tobacco leaves are obviously larger than those of a control group; the stem content of the treated tobacco leaves is obviously lower than that of a control group; the difference between the tobacco leaves treated by the swab and the tobacco leaves treated by shading is not very large.

4. The chemical components of the 12 treated eggplant-coated tobacco leaves were tested as shown in table 4:

table 4 chemical composition detection conditions of each treated tobacco leaf

It is generally considered that the high-quality eggplant coat has a nicotine content of 1-2%, a total nitrogen content of 4-6%, a nitrogen-base ratio of about 2-3, a chloride ion content of 0.3-0.8% or less, and a potassium-chlorine ratio of 4-10. As can be seen from Table 4, the chemical compositions of the tobacco leaves subjected to the treatment of the swabs, the control group and the shading cultivation are basically not greatly different, which indicates that the chemical compositions of the tobacco leaves are not adversely affected by using the swabs of the application. 5. Sensory quality testing was performed on 12 treated eggplant-coated tobacco leaves as shown in table 5:

table 5 organoleptic quality testing of each treated tobacco

As can be seen from Table 5, the differences between the indexes of the tobacco leaves subjected to the swab treatment, the control group and the shade cultivation are smaller, which indicates that the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves is less affected by using the swab.

6. Cost of the swab versus shading treatment is shown in table 6:

contrast index	Swab	Shading cultivation
			Using materials	133.7 yuan/mu	1916.5/mu
Cost of labor	300 yuan/mu	300/mu
			Totalizing	433.7 yuan-Mu of mu	2216.5 yuan/mu

As can be seen from table 6, the swabs are identical to the shading cultivation in terms of labor cost, but are much smaller in terms of material cost, which achieves cost reduction.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The technical scheme is different from the scheme in that the wood pick head wraps the sponge layer, the sponge layer is adhered to the wood pick, two wood sticks are used for being bound by rubber bands in a crossed mode when tobacco leaves are obliquely inserted, the rubber bands are kept in a loose state in the binding process, and the wood pick sponge layers bound together are close to each other after drying.

It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A swab capable of increasing the eggplant coat proportion of cigar tobacco leaves, which is characterized in that: 0.5g of indolebutyric acid, 0.5g of gibberellin, 0.5g of naphthylacetic acid, 0.1g of sodium lignin sulfonate and 8ml of emulsifier OP-10 are weighed and added into an ethanol solution, ethanol is used for fixing the volume to 500ml, and a wood swab is immersed into the prepared solution for 10 minutes, so that the swab is obtained.

2. A swab for increasing the eggplant coat ratio of cigar tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein: the wood stick

The head wraps the sponge layer, and the sponge layer is adhered with the wood stick.