CN114746594A - 多层针刺无纺布制品及其制造方法 - Google Patents
多层针刺无纺布制品及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114746594A CN114746594A CN202080084310.XA CN202080084310A CN114746594A CN 114746594 A CN114746594 A CN 114746594A CN 202080084310 A CN202080084310 A CN 202080084310A CN 114746594 A CN114746594 A CN 114746594A
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Abstract
一种形成多层针刺无纺布制品(100)的方法,包括:形成由纤维基层(112)、中间膜(120)和纤维顶层(132)构成的幅材,其中,所述中间膜(120)设置在所述纤维基层(112)和所述纤维顶层(132)之间;用多个针(18)对所述幅材进行针刺;并且其中,在针刺期间,所述纤维基层(112)的纤维(114)由所述针(18)携带,延伸穿过在所述中间膜(120)中由所述针(18)形成的穿孔并与所述纤维顶层(132)的纤维(134)缠结。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年12月10日提交的系列号为62/946,121的美国临时申请的权益,其通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及多层针刺无纺布制品,并且更特别是涉及多层针刺无纺布声学制品,例如用于机动车辆的内部装饰地板的dilour地毯。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种多层针刺无纺布制品,并且更特别是提供了一种多层针刺无纺布声学制品,其可用于改善机动车辆中的声学行为。本公开提供了一种将多层无纺布汽车装饰制品针刺在一起的可替代方法。该工艺包括穿过纤维基底针刺到纤维盖以将纤维基底和纤维盖机械连接在一起,同时对设置在纤维基底和纤维盖之间的膜进行穿孔。沉积在穿孔中的纤维以及穿过膜层产生的曲折路径用于改善无纺布制品的声音吸收和嵌入损耗。
在至少一个实施例中,提供了一种形成多层针刺无纺布制品的方法,该方法包括:形成由纤维基层、中间膜和纤维顶层构成的幅材,其中,中间膜设置在纤维基层和纤维顶层之间;用多个针对幅材进行针刺;并且其中,在针刺期间,纤维基层的纤维由针携带,延伸穿过在中间膜中由针形成的穿孔并与纤维顶层的纤维缠结。
在至少一个实施例中,该方法包括当针从中间膜回撤时,至少部分地封闭在中间膜中由针形成的穿孔。
在至少一个实施例中,该方法包括通过至少部分地封闭在中间膜中由针形成的穿孔来抑制纤维基层的延伸穿过中间膜中的穿孔的纤维中的至少一部分纤维返回到纤维基层。
在至少一个实施例中,中间膜具有相对侧;中间膜的相对侧中的一侧与纤维基层接触;并且中间膜的相对侧中的另一侧与纤维顶层接触。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维基层的面积重量在120克/平方米至2000克/平方米的范围内;纤维基层的纤度在0.5旦尼尔至40旦尼尔的范围内;并且纤维基层的纤维长度在10mm至100mm的范围内。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维基层的纤维由热塑性塑料形成。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维基层的纤维包括短纤维和粘合纤维。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维基层是毛毡层。
在至少一个实施例中,中间膜的面积重量在10克/平方米至900克/平方米的范围内;并且中间膜的厚度在0.0125mm至1mm的范围内。
在至少一个实施例中,中间膜由热塑性塑料形成。
在至少一个实施例中,中间膜是多层膜。
在至少一个实施例中,中间膜具有中间层、两个连结层和两个外层;并且中间层设置在所述两个连结层之间,并且所述两个连结层分别设置在中间层和所述两个外层之一之间。
在至少一个实施例中,中间膜是具有聚酰胺中间层、两个连结层和两个聚乙烯外层的五层膜;并且所述聚酰胺中间层设置在所述两个连结层之间,并且所述两个连结层分别设置在所述聚酰胺中间层和所述两个聚乙烯外层之一之间。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维顶层的面积重量在120克/平方米至1200克/平方米的范围内;纤维顶层的纤度在0.5旦尼尔至40旦尼尔的范围内;并且纤维顶层的纤维长度在10mm至100mm的范围内。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维顶层的纤维由热塑性塑料形成。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维顶层的纤维包括短纤维和粘合纤维。
在至少一个实施例中,纤维顶层是平坦的,或者被结构化为具有随机丝绒、环图案或随机纤维图案。
在至少一个实施例中,提供了一种多层针刺无纺布制品,其包括纤维基层、中间膜和纤维顶层,其中,中间膜设置在纤维基层和纤维顶层之间;并且其中,纤维基层的针刺纤维延伸穿过在中间膜中由针形成的穿孔并与纤维顶层的纤维缠结。
在至少一个实施例中,该制品是地毯。
在至少一个实施例中,该制品是汽车制品。
附图说明
本公开的上述和其它特征以及实现其的方式将通过参考下面结合附图对本文描述的实施例的说明而变得更加明显和更好理解,其中:
图1A是根据本公开的针刺装置和多层针刺无纺布制品的侧视图;
图1B是图1A的针刺装置和多层针刺无纺布制品的特写侧视图;
图1C是图1B的针刺装置和多层针刺无纺布制品的进一步特写侧视图;
图2是图1A的多层针刺无纺布制品的特写侧视图;
图3显示了在厚度为12mm时带有本文的膜的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的声音嵌入损耗测试;
图4显示了在厚度为25mm时带有本文的膜的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的声音嵌入损耗测试;
图5显示了在厚度为12mm时带有本文的膜的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的声音吸收测试;
图6显示了在厚度为25mm时带有本文的膜的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的声音吸收测试。
具体实施方式
可以理解,本公开不限于其应用到在以下描述中阐述的或在附图中示出的构造细节和部件布置。本文的发明可以具有其它实施例并且能够以各种方式实践或执行。此外,可以理解,本文使用的措辞和术语是为了描述的目的,而不应该被认为是限制性的,如本领域技术人员可以理解的那样。
现在参考图1A-1C,示出了特别是针刺装置10形式的形成设备,以用于形成根据本公开的多层针刺无纺布制品100。
针刺装置10包括针织机12。针织机12包括提花机14,所述提花机具有提花机板16和从提花机板竖直延伸的多个针18(例如,无纺布结构化/精整针)。提花机14可以设置在将提花机14保持在适当位置的针梁26上。然后,针梁26被安装到针织机驱动器28上,通过该针织机驱动器,使得针梁26连同提花机12能够通过针织机驱动器28沿向上竖直方向22和向下竖直方向24移动。
如图所示,针18是带倒刺的针,其具有沿其纵向长度设置的多个倒刺20(图1C)。针18更特别地可以是无纺布刺针。刺针18可以具有在12号(gage)到46号的范围内的工作规格和在2.5英寸到5英寸的范围内的长度。更特别是,刺针18可以具有32号到40号的工作规格,其长度在3英寸到3.5英寸的范围内。根据产品类型和应用,刺针18可以具有各种倒刺形状和间距。刺针18可具有尖端特征,包括:尖锐的非常轻微倒圆的尖端、轻微倒圆的尖端、倒圆的尖端、非常倒圆的尖端或凿形尖端。刺针18可以利用各种表面涂层和处理来辅助产品外观。关于横截面形状,刺针18可以具有例如三角形横截面、四角星形横截面、圆锥形横截面、扭曲状横截面或泪珠状横截面。示例性刺针18可以包括以德国格罗茨-贝克特公司(Groz-Beckert KG)的商标GEBECON、CROSS STAR、TRI STAR、ECOSTAR出售的针。示例性刺针18在美国公开和专利号2019/0301066、2010/0251526、2010/0251525、2007/0143975和6,233,787中公开,其通过引用并入。
针刺装置10还包括脱料板30和床板36,它们是针织机12的一部分。
多层针刺无纺布制品100是由纤维基底110(制品100的结构化侧)、中间膜120和纤维盖130(制品100的非结构化侧)形成的复合物。多层针刺无纺布制品100更特别地可以是多层针刺无纺布地毯(例如,dilour地毯),其还优选地用于改善声音吸收(本文的多层针刺无纺布吸收声能)和嵌入损耗(由于本文的多层针刺无纺布制品,在给定位置处的噪音水平降低)。多层针刺无纺布制品100因此可特别是用于汽车业机动车辆应用中,例如用于内部装饰、内部地板、顶篷和行李箱/存储空间衬里。
纤维基底110提供至少一个纤维基层(底层)112,而中间膜120提供至少一个膜中间层122并且纤维盖130提供至少一个纤维顶层(外部装饰层或面层)132。如图所示,无纺布制品100具有三个层112/122/132。
虽然纤维基层112显示为在针刺装置10中覆盖在纤维顶层132之上,但应理解的是,纤维顶层132和纤维基层112是关于无纺布制品100的使用以及当例如在机动车辆中观看时通常可如何感知无纺布制品而言的,在这种情况下,纤维顶层132是车辆乘员可以看到的外部装饰层并且纤维基层112在纤维顶层132之下。
纤维基层112更特别地可以是毛毡层。纤维可以由能够生产基于纤维的毛毡的任何材料形成。纤维基层112并且更特别是毛毡层可以是单纤维层(即所有纤维由相同成分形成)或多纤维层(即纤维由不同成分形成)。
例如,纤维可以由热塑性塑料形成。热塑性塑料可以包括或选自包括如下的组:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、环己二醇共聚聚酯(PETG)及其混合物。各单独的纤维可以全部具有相同的成分,由一种或多种热塑性塑料成分形成,或者各单独的纤维可以具有不同的热塑性塑料成分,同样由一种或多种热塑性塑料成分形成。各纤维优选地被选择和配置成提供本文所述的期望的声学性能属性。此类用于基层的纤维的非限制性示例可包括上文所述的那些纤维以及包括回收纤维、例如回收的热塑性塑料纤维、棉、人造丝、尼龙、粘胶纤维和/或芳纶纤维。
纤维基层112并且更特别是毛毡层可具有在120克/m2至2000克/m2(即平方米)的范围内并且更特别是在400克/m2至900克/m2的范围内的面积重量。
纤维基层112并且更特别是毛毡层可具有在0.5旦尼尔至40旦尼尔的范围内并且更特别是在3旦尼尔至15旦尼尔的范围内的纤度。基层112可以包括在10mm至100mm的范围内并且更特别是在38mm和75mm的范围内的纤维长度。示例性应用可以是纤度尺寸和短纤维长度的混合物,它们被混合以实现期望水平的弯曲度、外观、刚度和可成形性。通常,基层112将包含粘合纤维,该粘合纤维在加热过程期间熔融并在冷却后将各单独的纤维粘合在一起。粘合纤维可以包括双组分聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维或能够在加热和冷却过程之后将基层纤维基质粘合在一起的其它熔融纤维。
膜中间层122可以是能够生产膜的由任何热塑性塑料或热固性塑料成分或其组合形成的聚合物膜。
膜中间层112可以是单层膜或多层膜。单层膜可由热塑性塑料形成,包括热塑性弹性体(TPE)。热塑性塑料可以包括或选自包括如下的组:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)(包括高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE))和聚氨酯(PU)(例如热塑性聚氨酯(TPU))及其混合物。如本领域已知的那样,热塑性塑料可以是未交联的或部分交联的。
多层膜可以包括至少两个层。五层膜可由PE/连结层/PA/连结层/PE形成,因此具有经由两个连结层分别粘合到中间聚酰胺(PA)层的两个外部聚乙烯(PE)层。九层膜可由PE/连结层/PA/连结层/PE/连结层/PA/连结层/PE形成。
膜中间层122的厚度可在0.0125mm至1mm的范围内,并且更特别是在0.025mm至1mm的范围内,并且甚至更特别是在0.025mm至0.5mm的范围内。膜中间层122的面积重量可为10克/m2至900克/m2,并且更特别是在40克/m2至100克/m2的范围内。膜中间层122可以包括1至9个层并且是连续的(没有被预先穿孔)。
纤维顶层132可以是任何被结构化或非结构化的层。例如,纤维顶层132可以是平坦的(无结构化的),或具有随机(delour)丝绒、环图案或随机纤维图案。纤维可以优选地由能够提供汽车业A级织物表面的任何材料形成。纤维顶层132可以是单纤维层(即,所有纤维由相同成分形成)或多纤维层(即,纤维由不同成分形成)。纤维也可以被选择为使得其不提供汽车业A级织物表面,但仍被选择和配置成提供本文所述的期望的声学性能属性。
例如,纤维可以由热塑性塑料形成。热塑性塑料可以包括或选自包括如下的组:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、环己二醇共聚聚酯(PETG)、共聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(CoPET)及其混合物。各单独的纤维可以全部具有相同的成分,由一种或多种热塑性塑料成分形成,或者各单独的纤维可以具有不同的热塑性塑料成分,同样由一种或多种热塑性塑料成分形成(例如,具有由具有不同熔融温度的两种不同热塑性塑料形成的芯和鞘的双组分纤维)。
如上所述,用于纤维顶层的纤维优选被选择为提供汽车业A级织物表面,但更一般地可以选自不提供A级织物表面但仍提供本文期望的声学性能的纤维。此类纤维的非限制性示例可包括上文所述的那些纤维,其不一定提供汽车业A级织物表面,并且其可包括例如回收纤维(例如回收的热塑性塑料纤维以及棉、人造丝、尼龙、粘胶纤维和/或芳纶纤维)。
纤维顶层132的面积重量可以在120克/m2到1200克/m2的范围内并且更特别是在300克/m2到650克/m2的范围内。
纤维顶层132的纤度可在0.5旦尼尔至40旦尼尔的范围内,并且更特别是在3旦尼尔至15旦尼尔的范围内。顶层132可以包括包含短纤维和粘合纤维的纤维的混合物。用于顶层132的短纤维长度可以在10mm至100mm的范围内。顶层132可以是多种纤度和短纤维长度的混合物。包括聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)、环己二醇共聚聚酯(PETG)和其它热塑性塑料或热固性材料的粘合纤维可以添加到顶层132,以在加热和冷却之后将短纤维粘合在一起。在顶层132中的粘合纤维百分比可以在10%至40%的范围内,并且更特别是在15%至25%的范围内。顶层132可以包括各种纤维横截面,包括扁平形状、圆形形状、椭圆形形状、三叶形形状和通常用于生产针刺无纺布面材的任何其它纤维形状。
此外,多层针刺无纺布制品100可具有在500至3000瑞尔(帕秒每米)范围内的声阻抗。
在针刺装置10的操作期间,基层112、中间层122和顶层132都可以从各单独的进料辊上取下并以所示的在载体上的分层布置输送到针织机12中。各种类型的针织机可用于生产该类型的产品。精整织机(finishing loom)、预针织机(pre-needle loom)、随机丝绒织机(random velour loom)及其他针织机。针织机必须简单地将针穿过基层112,给中间层122穿孔,并将纤维缠结到顶层132中。在针刺之前,可以将基层112、中间层122和顶层132统称为幅材。在针织机12中进行针刺之后,所得的针刺无纺布制品100可以被拾取在出口(拾取)辊上。
在针刺期间,针刺无纺布制品100通过将纤维基层112和纤维顶层132的纤维穿过膜中间层122机械连接、特别是互锁而形成。机械互锁利用带倒刺的针18反复进出三层幅材112/122/132来实现。
如图所示,脱料板30设置在幅材112/122/132的顶部上,而床板36设置在幅材112/122/132的下方。如图所示,相应的通孔32和38(图1B)分别设置在脱料板30和床板36中,针18穿过所述通孔以往复运动的形式延伸进入和延伸出来。
参考图2,针18在沿向下方向24的向下行程中从底层112接合并携带纤维114束(虚线),然后所述纤维与顶层132的纤维134(实线)进行缠结。当针18处于其最向下位置时,缠结的纤维114、134可以延伸进入床板孔38中。在沿向上方向22的向上行程中,脱料板30然后将纤维114、134从针18上脱离,从而幅材112/122/132可以前进通过针织机12。
更特别地,当针织机梁26沿向下方向24移动时,针18的倒刺20(1)从基层112上拾取并携带纤维114,(2)给膜中间层122穿孔从而在中间层122中形成穿孔124,并且(3)然后携带并推动纤维114通过中间层122中的穿孔124到穿入顶层132中的深度,在这种情况下,被牵拉的纤维114在其延伸通过穿孔124时从基本上水平的定向/位置重新定向到横向于水平定向的基本上竖直的定向/位置。
可以理解,膜中间层122的使用可以增加由针刺产生的在基层112和顶层132之间的机械连接的强度。可以理解,当针18从顶层132出来时,基层112的至少一些纤维114可以离开顶层132并返回到基层112,而不是与顶层的纤维134进行缠结。然而,不受特别理论的束缚,当基层112的纤维114延伸通过中间层122的穿孔124并进入顶层132同时被针18携带时,纤维114的纵向长度可以利用针18的纵向长度定向。然后,当针18沿相反方向从顶层132出来时,由针18占据的穿孔124可以至少部分地封闭(由于形成膜中间层122的聚合物材料的弹性和弹性记忆),因此捕获和抑制较大部分的纤维114离开顶层132回到基层114。
穿刺密度(即每单位面积的幅材112/122/132表面上的针刺数量)和穿入深度是关于针刺制品100抵抗各层112/122/132分离的因素,其中针18的数量越多并且穿入深度越大(并因此缠结越多),保持强度越大。穿刺密度可以在50刺/cm2到300刺/cm2的范围内,并且更特别是在100刺/cm2到200刺/cm2的范围内。
还可以理解,膜中间层122的使用可以增加在针刺后无纺布制品100的顶层132的良好外观。例如,用于将基层112针刺到dilour顶层132的当前技术已知面临着面和绒头变形的问题。然而,膜中间层122的使用似乎不会遭受同样的这种变形。针刺复合dilour材料保持可接受的与原始(在如所公开的那样进行针处理之前)dilour面层132相似的绒头高度、绒头强度和整体令人愉悦的外观。
还可以理解,用于纤维基层112、膜中间层122和纤维顶层132的结构及其形成过程的选择对无纺布制品100的声学特性有影响。例如,用于无纺布制品100的结构和制造过程可以被调整以提供对声音吸收和声音嵌入损耗的改善。
图3显示了在厚度为12mm时带有根据本发明的膜的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的声音嵌入损耗测试。本文的图4现在显示了在厚度为25mm时带有根据本发明的膜的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的嵌入损耗测试。可以看出,在这两种情况下,对于带有如本文生产的膜的3层地毯有更高的嵌入损耗。
图5显示了在厚度为12mm时带有根据本发明的膜的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的声音吸收测试。图6显示了在厚度为25mm时根据本发明的3层地毯与不带有膜的2层地毯的声音吸收测试。可以看出,对于12mm的样品厚度,3层地毯在400Hz至约2500Hz的测试频率下表现出更好的吸收。对于25mm的样品,3层地毯在400Hz至约1000Hz的测试频率下表现出更好的吸收。值得注意的是,关于这两个图5-6,400Hz到800Hz是轮胎噪声范围,其吸收对车辆乘员具有较高的重要性。
尽管已经描述了本发明的优选实施例,但应当理解,在不脱离本发明的精神和所附权利要求的范围的情况下,可以在其中进行各种改变、调整和修改。因此,本发明的范围不应当参照以上描述来确定,而是应当参照所附权利要求及其等同物的全部范围来确定。此外,应当理解,所附权利要求不一定包括申请人有权要求保护的本发明的最广泛范围或可以要求保护本发明的唯一方式,或者所有列举的特征都是必要的。
附图标记列表
10 针刺装置
12 针织机
14 提花机
16 提花机板
18 针
20 倒刺
22 向上竖直方向
24 向下竖直方向
26 针梁
28 针织机驱动器
30 脱料板
32 脱料板通孔
36 床板
38 床板通孔
100 无纺布制品
110 纤维基底
112 纤维基层
114 基层纤维
120 中间膜
122 膜层
124 中间层穿孔
130 纤维盖
132 纤维顶层
134 顶层纤维
Claims (20)
1.一种形成多层针刺无纺布制品(100)的方法,包括:
形成由纤维基层(112)、中间膜(120)和纤维顶层(132)构成的幅材,其中,所述中间膜(120)设置在所述纤维基层(112)和所述纤维顶层(132)之间;
用多个针(18)对所述幅材进行针刺;并且
其中,在针刺期间,所述纤维基层(112)的纤维(114)由所述针(18)携带,延伸穿过在所述中间膜(120)中由所述针(18)形成的穿孔并与所述纤维顶层(132)的纤维(134)缠结。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
当所述针(18)从所述中间膜回撤时,至少部分地封闭在所述中间膜(120)中由所述针(18)形成的穿孔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,还包括:
通过所述至少部分地封闭在所述中间膜(120)中由所述针(18)形成的穿孔,抑制所述纤维基层(112)的延伸穿过所述中间膜(120)中的穿孔的纤维(114)中的至少一部分纤维返回到所述纤维基层(112)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述中间膜(120)具有相对侧;所述中间膜(120)的所述相对侧中的一侧与所述纤维基层(112)接触;并且所述中间膜(120)的所述相对侧中的另一侧与所述纤维顶层(132)接触。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维基层(112)的面积重量在120克/平方米至2000克/平方米的范围内;所述纤维基层(112)的纤度在0.5旦尼尔至40旦尼尔的范围内;并且所述纤维基层(112)的纤维长度在10mm至100mm的范围内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维基层(112)的纤维(114)由热塑性塑料形成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维基层(112)的纤维(114)包括短纤维和粘合纤维。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维基层(112)是毛毡层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述中间膜(120)的面积重量在10克/平方米至900克/平方米的范围内;并且所述中间膜(120)的厚度在0.0125mm至1mm的范围内。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述中间膜(120)由热塑性塑料形成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述中间膜(120)是多层膜。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述中间膜(120)具有中间层、两个连结层和两个外层;并且所述中间层设置在所述两个连结层之间,并且所述两个连结层分别设置在所述中间层和所述两个外层之一之间。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述中间膜(120)是具有聚酰胺中间层、两个连结层和两个聚乙烯外层的五层膜;并且所述聚酰胺中间层设置在所述两个连结层之间,并且所述两个连结层分别设置在所述聚酰胺中间层和所述两个聚乙烯外层之一之间。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维顶层(132)的面积重量在120克/平方米至1200克/平方米的范围内;所述纤维顶层(132)的纤度在0.5旦尼尔至40旦尼尔的范围内;并且所述纤维顶层(132)的纤维长度在10mm至100mm的范围内。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维顶层(132)的纤维(134)由热塑性塑料形成。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维顶层(132)的纤维(134)包括短纤维和粘合纤维。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述纤维顶层(132)是平坦的,或者被结构化为具有随机丝绒、环图案或随机纤维图案。
18.一种多层针刺无纺布制品(100),包括:
纤维基层(112)、中间膜(120)和纤维顶层(132),其中,所述中间膜(120)设置在所述纤维基层(112)和所述纤维顶层(132)之间;并且
其中,所述纤维基层(112)的针刺纤维(114)延伸穿过在所述中间膜(120)中由针形成的穿孔并与所述纤维顶层(132)的纤维(134)缠结。
19.根据权利要求1所述的制品(100),其中,所述制品(100)是地毯。
20.根据权利要求1所述的制品(100),其中,所述制品(100)是汽车制品。
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PCT/US2020/064298 WO2021119301A1 (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2020-12-10 | Multi-layer needled non-woven article and methods of manufacture thereof |
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EP (1) | EP4073306A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN114746594A (zh) |
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MX2022005538A (es) | 2022-06-08 |
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WO2021119301A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
US11821120B2 (en) | 2023-11-21 |
CA3164207A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
US20210170717A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
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