CN114740141B - Experiment measurement system and method for hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics - Google Patents
Experiment measurement system and method for hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental measurement system and method for hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics, comprising a medium water supply unit, a hydrogen supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a hydrothermal combustion reactor and a product recovery and detection unit; the medium water supply unit comprises a first water tank, a high-pressure constant flow pump and a first preheater which are sequentially connected; the hydrogen supply unit comprises a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder, a hydrogen booster pump and a second preheater which are connected in sequence; the outlet of the hydrogen booster pump is converged with the outlet of the first preheater and then connected with the inlet end of the second preheater; the outlet end of the second preheater is connected with a fuel nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor; the oxygen supply unit comprises a high-pressure pure oxygen bottle, an oxygen booster pump and a third preheater which are connected in sequence; the outlet end of the third preheater is connected with an oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor; the product recovery and detection unit is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on the combustion products and analyzing gas-phase products. The system can be suitable for researching the combustion characteristics of high-concentration hydrogen in a supercritical hydrothermal environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of experimental measurement of combustion characteristics, and particularly relates to an experimental measurement system and method for hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics.
Background
With the increasing rate of fossil energy consumption, the energy crisis is becoming more and more severe, and environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent. Hydrogen is used as a novel clean energy source, the zero carbon emission is absolute in the combustion process, the hydrogen can be used as an energy storage medium, and the hydrogen is expected to play an irreplaceable role in a future energy system. The novel hydrogen production technology using water phase environment gas as a core is proposed by the national key laboratory of the western traffic university power engineering multiphase flow, and the unique physicochemical property of supercritical water is utilized to efficiently convert the chemical energy of coal into hydrogen energy, and simultaneously avoid SO from the source x 、NO x And the generation and discharge of dust particles. A part of high-purity hydrogen prepared by the technology can be directly combusted and released in a supercritical hydrothermal environment to provide required heat for gasification reaction, so that the internal energy optimization of a hydrogen production system is realized. Supercritical hydrothermal reaction for hydrogenThe laboratory invents a device and a method for completely burning the supercritical mixed working medium and applies for a patent, the patent (application publication number: CN 108980885A) realizes and verifies the complete burning of hydrogen in the supercritical mixed working medium, and lays a foundation for subsequent research; subsequently, the laboratory also invents a system and a method for measuring the combustion characteristics of hydrogen in the supercritical mixed working medium, and applies for a patent, the invention patent (application publication number: CN 108414673A) solves the problem of measuring the combustion rate of hydrogen in the supercritical mixed working medium, and the kinetic parameters of the hydrogen combustion process are obtained. However, the hydrogen in the above invention is prepared by gasifying organic matters in supercritical water, the concentration adjusting range is limited, and the hydrogen is difficult to be suitable for the hydrothermal combustion process of high-concentration hydrogen. Therefore, the research method aiming at the combustion characteristics of high-concentration hydrogen in the supercritical hydrothermal environment is developed, and has important significance for the integrated amplification and industrial application of the coal supercritical water gasification hydrogen production system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems and provide an experimental measurement system and method for the hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics. The system and method can be applied to high-concentration hydrogen (H) 2 O/H 2 H in a mixed stream 2 More than 10mol percent) in a supercritical hydrothermal environment, realizes the automatic ignition and maintains stable combustion in a reactor, obtains combustion characteristics including but not limited to flame temperature, flame stabilizing conditions, the influence of different operation conditions on a combustion process and the like, and provides effective guidance for the industrial application of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an experimental measurement system of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics, comprising: the device comprises a medium water supply unit, a hydrogen supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a hydrothermal combustion reactor and a product recovery and detection unit;
the medium water supply unit comprises a first water tank, a high-pressure constant flow pump and a first preheater which are sequentially connected;
the hydrogen supply unit comprises a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder, a hydrogen booster pump and a second preheater which are connected in sequence; the outlet pipeline of the hydrogen booster pump is converged with the outlet pipeline of the first preheater and is connected with the inlet end of the second preheater together; the outlet end of the second preheater is connected with a fuel nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor;
the oxygen supply unit comprises a high-pressure pure oxygen bottle, an oxygen booster pump and a third preheater which are connected in sequence; the outlet end of the third preheater is connected with an oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor;
the product recovery and detection unit is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on combustion products generated in the hydrothermal combustion reactor, carrying out component analysis on the obtained gas-phase products and detecting the temperature of fluid in the hydrothermal combustion reactor.
Preferably, the cooling water supply unit is further included; the cooling water supply unit comprises a second water tank, a high-pressure plunger pump, an energy accumulator and a fourth preheater which are connected in sequence; the outlet end of the fourth preheater is connected with a cooling water inlet pipe on the side wall of the hydrothermal combustion reactor.
Further, the product recovery and detection unit comprises a sleeve-type cooler, a back pressure valve, a gas-liquid separator and a gas chromatograph;
the hot side inlet end of the sleeve cooler is connected with a product outlet at the top of the hydrothermal combustion reactor, and the hot side outlet end of the sleeve cooler is connected with a back pressure valve; the inlet end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the back pressure valve, the outlet of the upper end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the gas chromatograph, and the outlet of the lower end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the second water tank.
Preferably, the hydrogen supply unit further comprises a hydrogen buffer tank, a hydrogen discharge valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen mass flow controller and an emergency shut-off valve; the outlet end of the hydrogen booster pump is connected with the hydrogen buffer tank; the outlet end of the hydrogen buffer tank is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with a hydrogen discharge valve and a hydrogen pressure reducing valve; the outlet end of the hydrogen gas discharge valve is communicated with the outdoor atmosphere; the inlet end of the hydrogen mass flow controller is connected with the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, and the outlet end of the hydrogen mass flow controller is connected with the emergency cut-off valve; the outlet pipeline of the emergency shut-off valve is converged with the outlet pipeline of the first preheater and is connected with the inlet end of the second preheater together.
Preferably, the oxygen supply unit further comprises an oxygen buffer tank, an oxygen discharge valve, an oxygen pressure reducing valve and an oxygen mass flow controller; the outlet end of the oxygen booster pump is connected with the oxygen buffer tank; the outlet end of the oxygen buffer tank is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with an oxygen discharge valve and an oxygen pressure reducing valve; the outlet end of the oxygen discharge valve is communicated with the outdoor atmosphere; the inlet end of the oxygen mass flow controller is connected with the oxygen pressure reducing valve, and the outlet end of the oxygen mass flow controller is connected with the inlet end of the third preheater.
Preferably, the fuel nozzle and the oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor are coaxially arranged at the bottom of the hydrothermal combustion reactor; the combustion product outlet of the hydrothermal combustion reactor is located at the top of the hydrothermal combustion reactor.
Preferably, the hydrogen booster pump and the oxygen booster pump are piston type pneumatic pumps; the low-pressure gas inlet end of the hydrogen booster pump is connected with a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder through a stop valve, the high-pressure gas outlet end of the hydrogen booster pump is connected with a hydrogen buffer tank through a safety valve, the driving air inlet end of the hydrogen booster pump is connected with an air compressor through a ball valve, a speed regulating valve and a driving pressure regulating valve in sequence, and the driving air outlet end of the hydrogen booster pump is communicated with outdoor atmosphere; the low-pressure gas inlet end of the oxygen booster pump is connected with a high-pressure pure oxygen bottle through a stop valve, the high-pressure gas outlet end of the oxygen booster pump is connected with an oxygen buffer tank through a safety valve, the driving air inlet end of the oxygen booster pump is connected with an air compressor through a ball valve, a speed regulating valve and a driving pressure regulating valve in sequence, and the driving air outlet end of the oxygen booster pump is communicated with outdoor atmosphere.
An experimental measurement method of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics, based on the experimental measurement system, comprises the following steps: conveying water in the first water tank to a first preheater by using a high-pressure constant-flow pump for preheating, so that the water reaches a supercritical state; the hydrogen in the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder is pressurized by utilizing a hydrogen booster pump, so that the hydrogen is mixed with supercritical water at the outlet of the first preheater, and enters the second preheater together for secondary preheating, and finally enters the hydrothermal combustion reactor from the fuel nozzle; the oxygen booster pump is used for boosting the oxygen in the high-pressure pure oxygen cylinder, the oxygen is preheated by the third preheater, and the preheated oxygen enters the hydrothermal combustion reaction through the oxygen nozzleA reactor; h at the fuel nozzle outlet inside the hydrothermal combustion reactor 2 O/H 2 Mixing flow with O at outlet of oxygen nozzle 2 The streams mix and a combustion reaction occurs; the combustion products are subjected to gas-liquid separation to obtain gas-phase products, the components of the gas-phase products are detected, and the combustion characteristics of hydrogen in a supercritical hydrothermal environment are obtained by analyzing the temperature in the hydrothermal combustion reactor and the detection result of the gas-phase products.
Preferably, cooling water is introduced into the hydrothermal combustion reactor through the side wall of the hydrothermal combustion reactor, and the temperature of the cooling water is between 250 and 350 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the system utilizes the characteristic that supercritical water and nonpolar gas molecules are mutually soluble in any proportion, the supercritical water is obtained by preheating through the first preheater, and hydrogen is pressurized through the hydrogen booster pump and then is directly mixed with the supercritical water to prepare H 2 O/H 2 Mixing the streams, dissolved H 2 The concentration can be adjusted at will in a larger range, so that the method is suitable for researching the combustion characteristics of high-concentration hydrogen in a supercritical hydrothermal environment.
Furthermore, the cooling water with subcritical parameters introduced into the hydrothermal combustion reactor in the system protects the inner wall surface, so that on one hand, the characteristic of high specific heat capacity of water near the critical point can be fully utilized to cool combustion products, and on the other hand, the stability of the hydrothermal combustion process can be prevented from being influenced due to the fact that the cooling water temperature is too low.
Furthermore, the fuel nozzle and the oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor are coaxially arranged at the bottom of the hydrothermal combustion reactor, so that automatic ignition and continuous combustion can be realized; the hydrothermal combustion reactor is vertically installed and the material flows from bottom to top to avoid oxygen build up at the fuel nozzle creating a deflagration condition.
The invention adopts the method of directly dissolving high-pressure pure hydrogen into supercritical water to prepare H 2 O/H 2 Mixed flow can realize H 2 The concentration is regulated in a larger range, and the high-concentration hydrogen can be obtained when the temperature is exceeded by analyzing temperature measurement data and gas phase detection results under different working conditionsThe combustion characteristics in the water-heat environment have wide scientific research value.
Furthermore, subcritical cooling water is introduced to prevent wall surface overtemperature failure, so that on one hand, the characteristic of high specific heat capacity of water near a critical point can be fully utilized to cool combustion products, and on the other hand, the stability of the hydrothermal combustion process can be prevented from being influenced due to the fact that the cooling water temperature is too low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an experimental measurement system of the hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the hydrogen (oxygen) gas booster pump control of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are as follows: 1-a first water tank; 2-a high-pressure constant flow pump; 3-a first preheater; 4-a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder; 5-hydrogen booster pump; a 6-hydrogen buffer tank; 7-a hydrogen gas discharge valve; 8-a hydrogen pressure reducing valve; 9-a hydrogen mass flow controller; 10-emergency shut-off valve; 11-a second preheater; 12-a high-pressure pure oxygen bottle; 13-an oxygen booster pump; a 14-oxygen buffer tank; 15-an oxygen discharge valve; a 16-oxygen pressure reducing valve; 17-oxygen mass flow controller; 18-a third preheater; 19-a second water tank; 20-high pressure plunger pump; 21-an accumulator; 22-a fourth preheater; a 23-hydrothermal combustion reactor; 24-sleeve cooler; 25-a back pressure valve; 26-a gas-liquid separator; 27-gas chromatograph; 201-a low pressure gas inlet end; 202-a high pressure gas outlet end; 203-a drive air inlet port; 204-a drive air outlet port; 205-shut-off valve; 206-a safety valve; 207-air compressor; 208-driving a pressure regulating valve; 209-a speed valve; 210-ball valve.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described below in conjunction with the following examples, which are provided to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention and are not intended to limit the claims of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the experimental measurement system of the invention comprises: the device comprises a medium water supply unit, a hydrogen supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a cooling water supply unit, a hydrothermal combustion reaction unit, a product recovery and detection unit, and the detailed schemes of the units are as follows.
The medium water supply unit includes: a first water tank 1, a high-pressure constant flow pump 2 and a first preheater 3. The inlet end of the high-pressure constant flow pump 2 is connected with the first water tank 1, and the outlet end of the high-pressure constant flow pump is connected with the first preheater 3.
The hydrogen supply unit includes: a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4, a hydrogen booster pump 5, a hydrogen buffer tank 6, a hydrogen discharge valve 7, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 8, a hydrogen mass flow controller 9, an emergency shut-off valve 10 and a second preheater 11. The inlet end of the hydrogen booster pump 5 is connected with a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4, and the outlet end of the hydrogen booster pump is connected with a hydrogen buffer tank 6; the outlet end of the hydrogen buffer tank 6 is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with a hydrogen discharge valve 7 and a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 8; the outlet end of the hydrogen gas discharge valve 7 is connected with a metal capillary tube to be communicated with the outdoor atmosphere; the inlet end of the hydrogen mass flow controller 9 is connected with the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 8, and the outlet end thereof is connected with the emergency cut-off valve 10; the outlet pipeline of the emergency shut-off valve 10 is converged with the outlet pipeline of the first preheater 3 and is connected with the inlet end of the second preheater 11 together; the outlet end of the second preheater 11 is connected to the fuel nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23.
The oxygen supply unit includes: a high-pressure pure oxygen bottle 12, an oxygen booster pump 13, an oxygen buffer tank 14, an oxygen discharge 15, an oxygen pressure reducing valve 16, an oxygen mass flow controller 17 and a third preheater 18. The inlet end of the oxygen booster pump 13 is connected with the high-pressure pure oxygen bottle 12, and the outlet end thereof is connected with the oxygen buffer tank 14; the outlet end of the oxygen buffer tank 14 is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with an oxygen discharge valve 15 and an oxygen pressure reducing valve 16; the outlet end of the oxygen discharge valve 15 is connected with a metal capillary tube to be communicated with the outdoor atmosphere; the inlet end of the oxygen mass flow controller 17 is connected with the oxygen pressure reducing valve 16, and the outlet end of the oxygen mass flow controller is connected with the inlet end of the third preheater 18; the outlet end of the third preheater 18 is connected to the oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23.
The cooling water supply unit includes: a second water tank 19, a high pressure plunger pump 20, an accumulator 21 and a fourth preheater 22. The inlet end of the high-pressure plunger pump 20 is connected with the second water tank 19, and the outlet end of the high-pressure plunger pump is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with the inlet ends of the energy accumulator 21 and the fourth preheater 22; the outlet end of the fourth preheater 22 is connected to the cooling water inlet pipe of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23.
The hydrothermal combustion reaction unit includes: a hydrothermal combustion reactor 23. The hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 is made of 316 stainless steel or Inconel 625 alloy, and the upper end cover and the lower end cover are sealed by flanges; the fuel nozzle and the oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 are coaxially arranged at the bottom of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23, so that automatic ignition and continuous combustion can be realized; the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 is vertically installed, and the materials flow from bottom to top to avoid oxygen accumulation at the fuel nozzle to form deflagration conditions; cooling water enters the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 through a side inlet pipe to prevent the wall surface from overtemperature failure; the 6K-armoured thermocouples are non-equidistantly arranged on the internal axis of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 for fluid temperature measurement.
The product recovery and detection unit comprises: a sleeve cooler 24, a back pressure valve 25, a gas-liquid separator 26, a gas chromatograph 27, and a plurality of temperature and pressure measurement and control sites. The hot side inlet end of the sleeve cooler 24 is connected with the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23, and the hot side outlet end thereof is connected with the back pressure valve 25; the gas-liquid separator 26 has an inlet connected to the back pressure valve 25 and an outlet connected to the gas chromatograph 27 and an outlet connected to the second water tank 19.
A temperature detector, for example, a K-type armoured thermocouple is arranged on the connecting line of the first preheater 3 and the second precooler 11, a temperature detector is arranged on the connecting line of the second precooler 11 and the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23, a temperature detector is arranged on the connecting line of the third precooler 18 and the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23, a temperature detector is arranged on the connecting line of the fourth precooler 22 and the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23, and a temperature detector is arranged on the connecting line of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 and the sleeve-type cooler 24.
A pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4 and the hydrogen booster pump 5, a pressure sensor is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the hydrogen buffer tank 6, a pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the high-pressure pure oxygen cylinder 12 and the oxygen booster pump 13, a pressure sensor is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the oxygen buffer tank 14, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the sleeve-type cooler 24 and the back pressure valve 25.
The high temperature part of the system is a metal pipeline between the inlet end of the first preheater, the second preheater, the third preheater and the fourth preheater and the hot side outlet end of the sleeve cooler, and the material of the pipeline is Inconel 625 alloy.
Each valve element in the hydrogen supply unit comprises a hydrogen discharge valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve and an emergency cut-off valve, and is made of 316 stainless steel; the valve elements in the oxygen supply unit, including but not limited to the oxygen discharge valve and the oxygen pressure reducing valve, are made of Monel 400 alloy, so that the fire accident caused by fusing of oxygen pipelines due to friction heat generation, adiabatic compression and the like can be avoided.
All parts of the hydrogen supply unit in the system are arranged in a closed space formed by explosion-proof glass, and the top of the hydrogen supply unit is communicated with the outdoor atmosphere through an exhaust fan, so that explosion accidents caused by accidental leakage of hydrogen can be prevented; all parts of the oxygen supply unit are arranged in another closed space formed by fireproof glass, so that the fire accident caused by fusing of an oxygen pipe line due to friction heat generation, adiabatic compression and the like can be avoided. The safety measure can greatly ensure the safety of the experimental process.
Referring to fig. 2, the hydrogen booster pump 5 and the oxygen booster pump 13 are piston type pneumatic pumps, and adopt compressed air as a power source, and the output pressure and flow rate can be realized by adjusting parameters of the power source. The hydrogen (oxygen) gas booster pump (5 or 13) is provided with four interface ends, the low-pressure gas inlet end 201 is connected with a high-pressure pure hydrogen (oxygen) gas cylinder (4 or 12) through a stop valve 205, the high-pressure gas outlet end 202 is connected with a hydrogen (oxygen) gas buffer tank (6 or 14) through a safety valve 206, the driving air inlet end 203 is connected with an air compressor 207 through a ball valve 210, a speed regulating valve 209 and a driving pressure regulating valve 208 in sequence, and the driving air outlet end 204 is communicated with the outdoor atmosphere. Taking the hydrogen booster pump 5 as an example, the working principle is briefly described: on the premise that the stop valve 205 is opened, the hydrogen in the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4 enters the compression cylinder from the low-pressure gas inlet end 201; the high-pressure air prepared by the air compressor 207 is decompressed by the driving pressure regulating valve 208, and then enters the driving cylinder through the driving air inlet end 203 after the flow rate is regulated by the speed regulating valve 209 so as to push the piston to move; the hydrogen in the compression cylinder is boosted under the action of the piston and is discharged to the hydrogen buffer tank 6 from the high-pressure gas outlet end 202; the air in the drive cylinder is then vented to atmosphere from the drive air outlet port 204 and one of the work cycles is completed. In the above-described flow, the drive pressure regulating valve 208 may be used to regulate the outlet pressure of the hydrogen booster pump 5, and the speed regulating valve 209 may be used to change the piston movement frequency. The operation principle of the oxygen booster pump 13 is identical to that of the hydrogen booster pump 5, and will not be described again.
The experimental measurement method of the hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristic comprises the following steps: deionized water in the first water tank 1 is conveyed to the first preheater 3 by the high-pressure constant-flow pump 2 for preheating, so that the deionized water reaches a supercritical state; the hydrogen in the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4 is pressurized by utilizing the hydrogen booster pump 5, so that the hydrogen is mixed with supercritical water at the outlet of the first preheater 3, and enters the second preheater 11 together for secondary preheating, and finally enters the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 through the fuel nozzle; the oxygen in the high-pressure pure oxygen bottle 12 is pressurized by using an oxygen booster pump 13, so that the oxygen is preheated by a third preheater 18, and finally enters a hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 through an oxygen nozzle; h at the fuel nozzle outlet inside the hydrothermal combustion reactor 2 O/H 2 Mixing flow with O at outlet of oxygen nozzle 2 The streams mix and undergo a combustion reaction releasing a large amount of heat; in order to prevent the over-temperature of the inner wall surface of the reactor, the deionized water in the second water tank 19 is conveyed to the fourth preheater 22 by the high-pressure plunger pump 20 for preheating, and then enters the hydrothermal combustion reactor through the cooling water inlet pipe; the combustion products are mixed with cooling water and then sequentially pass through a sleeve-type cooler 24 and a back pressure valve 25 to realize temperature and pressure reduction, and finally enter a gas-liquid separator 26; after gas-liquid separation, the gas phase products of combustion are sent to a gas chromatograph 27 for detection, and the liquid phase products are recycled to the second water tank 19. By analyzing the temperature in the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 and the gas chromatography detection result under different working conditions, the combustion characteristics of hydrogen in the supercritical hydrothermal environment can be obtained.
In the method, the preheating temperature of the cooling water at the outlet of the fourth preheater 22 is between 250 and 350 ℃, so that the characteristic of high specific heat capacity near the critical point can be fully utilized to achieve a good cooling effect, the stability of the combustion process cannot be influenced due to the fact that the temperature is too low, and the flow of the cooling water can be adjusted according to the required cooling power.
To further illustrate the operation of the experimental measurement system, the following statements are made regarding the operation of the specific embodiments: the operating pressure of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 is 25MPa, and the maximum temperature is not more than 650 ℃; in-fuel nozzle H of hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 2 O/H 2 H in a mixed stream 2 The concentration is 30mol%, and the fuel equivalent ratio of the hydrothermal combustion reaction is 0.8; the medium water flow is 18g/min, the hydrogen flow is 9.6NL/min, the oxygen flow is 6.0NL/min, and the cooling water flow is 60g/min; the fluid preheating temperatures at the outlets of the first, second, third and fourth preheaters (3, 11, 18 and 22) were 400 ℃, 550 ℃, 500 ℃ and 300 ℃, respectively.
In order to realize the specific embodiment, the detailed operation steps of the experimental system are as follows:
(1) System start-up
(1) Checking the amounts of water stored in the first water tank 1 and the second water tank 19, checking the pressures of the gases in the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4 and the high-pressure pure oxygen cylinder 12;
(2) initializing each valve state: the hydrogen gas discharge valve 7 and the oxygen gas discharge valve 15 are fully closed; the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 8 and the oxygen pressure reducing valve 16 are fully closed; the emergency shut-off valve 10 is fully opened; the back pressure valve 25 is fully open;
(3) opening a data acquisition system to ensure that each temperature, pressure and flow measurement and control site functions normally;
(4) respectively opening stop valves at the outlets of the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4 and the high-pressure pure oxygen cylinder 12, and adjusting the output pressure of the cylinders to 5MPa; starting a hydrogen booster pump 5 and an oxygen booster pump 13 respectively, and setting the output pressure to be 30MPa;
(5) starting a high-pressure constant flow pump 2 and a high-pressure plunger pump 20 respectively, wherein the set flow rates are 18g/min and 60g/min respectively; slowly reducing the opening of the back pressure valve 25 when the outlet water flow of the gas-liquid separator 26 is uniform, so that the system is boosted to 25MPa;
(6) introducing external circulating cooling water into the cold side of the sleeve cooler 24;
(7) starting the first, second and fourth preheaters (3, 11 and 22), setting target heating temperatures of 400 ℃, 550 ℃ and 300 ℃ respectively, and setting heating rates of 10 ℃/min; and after the outlet fluid temperature of each preheater reaches a preset target value, continuing to wait for 10 minutes.
(2) Ignition process
(1) Setting the target flow of the hydrogen mass flow controller 9 to 9.6NL/min; slowly increasing the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 8 to enable the flow to reach a preset value; waiting until the outlet fluid temperature of the second preheater 11 stabilizes again;
(2) setting the target flow rate of the oxygen mass flow controller 17 to 6.0NL/min; slowly increasing the opening of the oxygen pressure reducing valve 16 to enable the flow to reach a preset value;
(3) starting the third preheater 18, and setting the heating rate to be 5 ℃/min; when the automatic ignition is realized in the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23, stopping heating and recording the preheating temperature value of the oxygen at the moment;
(3) Flameout process
(1) Setting the cooling rate of the third preheater 18 to 5 ℃/min; when the automatic flameout is realized in the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23, the preheating temperature value of the oxygen at the moment is recorded; continuing to cool to the preheating temperature of the oxygen below 100 ℃, and closing the third preheater 18;
(2) slowly reducing the opening of the oxygen reducing valve 16 until the oxygen flow is zero; slowly reducing the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 8 until the hydrogen flow is zero;
(4) System shutdown
(1) Closing the stop valves of the outlets of the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder 4 and the high-pressure pure oxygen cylinder 12 respectively;
(2) setting the cooling rate of the first, second and fourth preheaters (3, 11 and 22) to 10 ℃/min respectively; closing the three preheaters when the outlet fluid temperature of each preheater is lower than 100 ℃;
(3) slowly increasing the opening of the back pressure valve 25 to reduce the system pressure to normal pressure;
(4) the high-pressure constant flow pump 2, the high-pressure plunger pump 20, the hydrogen booster pump 5 and the oxygen booster pump 13 are respectively closed;
(5) evacuating the hydrogen and oxygen remaining in the pipeline through the hydrogen discharge valve 7 and the oxygen discharge valve 15, respectively;
(6) and closing the data acquisition system.
The operation steps are general implementation methods of the system, the whole process lasts for about 6-8 hours, and particularly the heating and cooling processes consume more time, and the actual use is determined according to the specific content of experimental study. 6K-type sheathed thermocouples are arranged on the internal axis of the hydrothermal combustion reactor 23 for measuring the temperature of the hydrothermal flame and combustion products in real time. The change of the values of each temperature measuring point along with time is recorded by a data acquisition system, and the conditions of ignition and flameout in the reactor can be judged through analysis of the temperature change curve. The temperature gradient of the fluid in this region is large, and the placement of thermocouples therein is dense, since the combustion reaction near the fuel and oxygen nozzle outlets is most severe; in the region remote from the nozzle outlet, the temperature gradient is small and the thermocouple arrangement is relatively sparse, since the combustion products are already well mixed with the cooling water.
During operation of the above embodiment, H is maintained 2 O/H 2 The preheating temperature of the mixed stream was constant at 550℃by varying O 2 The preheating temperature of the flow to achieve auto-ignition and flameout; in addition, can also hold O 2 The preheating temperature of the stream is constant by varying H 2 O/H 2 The pre-heat temperature of the stream is mixed to achieve auto-ignition and flameout. The method can obtain the material preheating temperature corresponding to the automatic ignition and flameout under different fuel concentrations, thereby obtaining the criterion of flame stabilizing conditions. In addition, on the basis of realizing stable combustion, the influence of the factors such as feed temperature, feed concentration, feed rate, fuel equivalent ratio, cooling water flow and the like on the hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion process, in particular on the temperature distribution inside the reactor, can be studied.
The experimental measurement system and method can be used for supercritical hydrothermal combustion related research of other fuels, including but not limited to methane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and the like, only by properly modifying a hydrogen supply unit.
The experimental measurement system and method can be coupled with more different forms of hydrothermal combustion reactors to expand the detection means and detection precision.
The invention adopts the method of directly dissolving high-pressure pure hydrogen into supercritical water to prepare H 2 O/H 2 Mixed flow can realize H 2 The concentration is regulated in a larger range. 6K-shaped armoured thermocouples are arranged on the inner axis of the hydrothermal combustion reactor, and subcritical cooling water is introduced to prevent wall surface overtemperature failure. The hydrogen and oxygen supply units are respectively arranged in independent fireproof and explosion-proof closed spaces, and the safety operation of the system is ensured through the exhaust fan and the outdoor atmosphere. By analyzing the thermocouple temperature measurement data and the gas chromatography detection results under different working conditions, the combustion characteristics of high-concentration hydrogen in a supercritical hydrothermal environment can be obtained, and the method has wide scientific research value.
Through the specific embodiments, the original purpose, the technical scheme, the implementation process and the scientific value of the invention are further clarified. It is emphasized that this example is merely illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An experimental measurement system for hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics, comprising: the device comprises a medium water supply unit, a hydrogen supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a hydrothermal combustion reactor and a product recovery and detection unit;
the medium water supply unit comprises a first water tank (1), a high-pressure constant-flow pump (2) and a first preheater (3) which are connected in sequence; the first preheater (3) is used for heating water to reach a supercritical state;
the hydrogen supply unit comprises a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder (4), a hydrogen booster pump (5) and a second preheater (11) which are connected in sequence; the outlet pipeline of the hydrogen booster pump (5) is converged with the outlet pipeline of the first preheater (3) and is connected with the inlet end of the second preheater (11) together; the outlet end of the second preheater (11) is connected with the fuel nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23);
the oxygen supply unit comprises a high-pressure pure oxygen bottle (12), an oxygen booster pump (13) and a third preheater (18) which are connected in sequence; the outlet end of the third preheater (18) is connected with an oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23);
and the product recovery and detection unit is used for carrying out gas-liquid separation on combustion products generated in the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23) and carrying out component analysis on the obtained gas-phase products, and is also used for detecting the temperature of fluid in the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23).
2. The experimental measurement system of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics according to claim 1, further comprising a cooling water supply unit; the cooling water supply unit comprises a second water tank (19), a high-pressure plunger pump (20), an energy accumulator (21) and a fourth preheater (22) which are connected in sequence; the outlet end of the fourth preheater (22) is connected with a cooling water inlet pipe on the side wall of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23).
3. The experimental measurement system of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics according to claim 2, wherein the product recovery and detection unit comprises a sleeve-type cooler (24), a back pressure valve (25), a gas-liquid separator (26) and a gas chromatograph (27);
the hot side inlet end of the sleeve cooler (24) is connected with a product outlet at the top of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23), and the hot side outlet end of the sleeve cooler is connected with a back pressure valve (25); the inlet end of the gas-liquid separator (26) is connected with the back pressure valve (25), the outlet of the upper end is connected with the gas chromatograph (27), and the outlet of the lower end is connected with the second water tank (19).
4. The experimental measurement system of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen supply unit further comprises a hydrogen buffer tank (6), a hydrogen discharge valve (7), a hydrogen pressure reducing valve (8), a hydrogen mass flow controller (9) and an emergency shut-off valve (10); the outlet end of the hydrogen booster pump (5) is connected with a hydrogen buffer tank (6); the outlet end of the hydrogen buffer tank (6) is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with a hydrogen discharge valve (7) and a hydrogen pressure reducing valve (8); the outlet end of the hydrogen gas discharge valve (7) is communicated with the outdoor atmosphere; the inlet end of the hydrogen mass flow controller (9) is connected with the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (8), and the outlet end of the hydrogen mass flow controller is connected with the emergency cut-off valve (10); the outlet line of the emergency shut-off valve (10) merges with the outlet line of the first preheater (3) and is connected together with the inlet end of the second preheater (11).
5. The experimental measurement system of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen supply unit further comprises an oxygen buffer tank (14), an oxygen discharge valve (15), an oxygen pressure reducing valve (16), and an oxygen mass flow controller (17); the outlet end of the oxygen booster pump (13) is connected with an oxygen buffer tank (14); the outlet end of the oxygen buffer tank (14) is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with an oxygen discharge valve (15) and an oxygen pressure reducing valve (16); the outlet end of the oxygen discharge valve (15) is communicated with the outdoor atmosphere; the inlet end of the oxygen mass flow controller (17) is connected with the oxygen pressure reducing valve (16), and the outlet end of the oxygen mass flow controller is connected with the inlet end of the third preheater (18).
6. The experimental measurement system of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel nozzle and the oxygen nozzle of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23) are coaxially arranged at the bottom of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23); the combustion product outlet of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23) is located at the top of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23).
7. The experimental measurement system of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen booster pump (5) and the oxygen booster pump (13) are piston type pneumatic pumps; the low-pressure gas inlet end of the hydrogen booster pump (5) is connected with a high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder (4) through a stop valve, the high-pressure gas outlet end of the hydrogen booster pump (5) is connected with a hydrogen buffer tank (6) through a safety valve, the driving air inlet end of the hydrogen booster pump (5) is connected with an air compressor through a ball valve, a speed regulating valve and a driving pressure regulating valve in sequence, and the driving air outlet end of the hydrogen booster pump (5) is communicated with outdoor atmosphere; the low-pressure gas inlet end of the oxygen booster pump (13) is connected with the high-pressure pure oxygen bottle (12) through a stop valve, the high-pressure gas outlet end of the oxygen booster pump (13) is connected with the oxygen buffer tank (14) through a safety valve, the driving air inlet end of the oxygen booster pump (13) is connected with the air compressor through a ball valve, a speed regulating valve and a driving pressure regulating valve in sequence, and the driving air outlet end of the oxygen booster pump (13) is communicated with outdoor atmosphere.
8. An experimental measurement method of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics, characterized by comprising, based on the experimental measurement system of claim 1: the water in the first water tank (1) is conveyed to the first preheater (3) by the high-pressure constant-flow pump (2) to be preheated, so that the water reaches a supercritical state; the hydrogen in the high-pressure pure hydrogen cylinder (4) is pressurized by utilizing the hydrogen booster pump (5), so that the hydrogen is mixed with supercritical water at the outlet of the first preheater (3), and enters the second preheater (11) for secondary preheating, and finally enters the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23) through the fuel nozzle; pressurizing oxygen in a high-pressure pure oxygen bottle (12) by using an oxygen booster pump (13), preheating the oxygen by a third preheater (18), and feeding the preheated oxygen into a hydrothermal combustion reactor (23) through an oxygen nozzle; inside the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23), H at the fuel nozzle outlet 2 O/H 2 Mixing flow with O at outlet of oxygen nozzle 2 The streams mix and a combustion reaction occurs; the combustion products are subjected to gas-liquid separation to obtain gas-phase products, the components of the gas-phase products are detected, and the combustion characteristics of hydrogen in a supercritical hydrothermal environment are obtained by analyzing the temperature in the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23) and the detection result of the gas-phase products.
9. The experimental measurement method of hydrogen supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics according to claim 8, wherein cooling water is introduced into the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23) through the side wall of the hydrothermal combustion reactor (23), and the cooling water temperature is between 250 ℃ and 350 ℃.
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