Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of air preheater, to solve the smog discharge temperature problem of higher of existing air preheater.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a kind of air preheater, it is characterized in that: it is successively by the turbolator air preheater, steel one steel-water heat tube air preheater, enamel coating tube air preheater and Glass Tube Air Preheater combine, the exhaust gases passes and the air duct of each air preheater are connected in series respectively successively, the heat exchange tube material of turbolator air preheater is a carbon steel, the heat pipe tube material of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater is carbon steel or stainless steel, working medium is water, the heat exchanger tube basepipe materials of enamel coating tube air preheater is a carbon steel, outer surface is coated with enamel layer, and the heat exchange tube material of Glass Tube Air Preheater is fluorine boron glass or quartz glass.
The utility model is combined by four kinds of existing air preheaters, is a kind of knockdown air preheater.When being used for the tubular heater of petroleum refining, petroleum chemical industry, in operating process, at first enter heat release in the exhaust gases passes of turbolator air preheater from 300~400 ℃ high-temperature flue gas of tubular heater convection section, temperature is reduced to 220~260 ℃; Then enter the interior continuation of the exhaust gases passes heat release of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater, temperature is reduced to 150~180 ℃; Enter the interior heat release of exhaust gases passes of enamel coating tube air preheater afterwards again, temperature is reduced to 120~140 ℃; Enter further heat release in the exhaust gases passes of Glass Tube Air Preheater at last, deliver to smoke stack emission after temperature is reduced to 80~90 ℃.Meanwhile, air heat absorption in the air duct of Glass Tube Air Preheater, enamel coating tube air preheater, steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater and turbolator air preheater successively is elevated to temperature the combustion system of sending into tubular heater after the design temperature.The employing the beneficial effects of the utility model are: (1) turbolator air preheater is suitable for 300~400 ℃ to 220~260 ℃ flue-gas temperature, and is very durable, and the safety coefficient of use is very high.This scope flue-gas temperature does not reach the flue gas acid dew point temperature, thereby can not form the flue gas acid dew point corrosion.And the cost of turbolator air preheater is lower.(2) steel one steel-water heat tube air preheater is suitable for 220~260 ℃ to 150~180 ℃ flue-gas temperature.Steel-hydro-thermal pipe cost is lower, and working medium is nontoxic, harmless, do not have corrosion, and working medium and steel pipe can not occur and produce electrochemical reaction, produce on-condensible gas and make problems such as heat transfer efficiency decline and heat pipe booster.This scope flue-gas temperature does not reach the flue gas acid dew point temperature yet, thereby can not form the flue gas acid dew point corrosion.In addition, the rate of heat transfer of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater, heat recovery efficiency are higher.(3) the enamel coating tube air preheater is suitable for 150~180 ℃ to 120~140 ℃ flue-gas temperature, and heat recovery efficiency is also higher.When flue-gas temperature is 120~140 ℃ (or higher), reach the flue gas acid dew point temperature; But the heat exchange pipe external surface of enamel coating tube air preheater is coated with enamel layer, have very strong anti-flue gas acid dew point corrosive nature (its flue gas acid dew point corrosion rate only is one of percentage of carbon steel), make the enamel coating tube air preheater that the flue gas acid dew point corrosion can not take place.(4) Glass Tube Air Preheater is suitable for 120~140 ℃ to 80~90 ℃ flue-gas temperature.Though this scope flue-gas temperature reaches the flue gas acid dew point temperature, but the anti-flue gas acid dew point corrosive nature of fluorine boron glass heat exchanger tube or quartz glass heat exchanger tube is stronger, basically be not subjected to the influence of flue gas acid dew point corrosion, make Glass Tube Air Preheater that the flue gas acid dew point corrosion can not take place yet.
In a word, the smog discharge temperature of the utility model air preheater can reach 80~90 ℃, and the flue gas acid dew point corrosion can not take place.Because smog discharge temperature is lower, can reclaim fume afterheat more to improve preheated air temperature, guarantee tubular heater (for example the furnace body outer wall radiation loss is not more than 2%, incomplete combustion loss is not more than 0.2%, excess air coefficient is not more than 1.1 during burning gases fuel, excess air coefficient is not more than 1.15 during combustion of liquid fuel) under major parameter satisfies the situation of standard-required, the actual motion thermal efficiency reaches 95%.The utility model makes full use of four kinds of existing air preheaters characteristics separately and is optimized combination, makes advantage obtain performance, and shortcoming is overcome, can be for a long time, safety, efficiently, move reliably.And see that on the whole cost of the present utility model is lower, the better economy of use.
The knockdown air preheater of the utility model is mainly used in the tubular heater of petroleum refining, petrochemical industry.The tubular heater of coal chemical technology equally also can adopt the utility model, obtains similar beneficial effect.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the utility model is described in further detail.The drawings and specific embodiments do not limit the claimed scope of the utility model.
The specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, air preheater of the present utility model, combined by turbolator air preheater 1, steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2, enamel coating tube air preheater 3 and Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 successively, the exhaust gases passes and the air duct of each air preheater are connected in series respectively successively.The two ends of each air preheater exhaust gases passes are respectively the smoke inlet and the exhanst gas outlet of each air preheater, and the two ends of each air preheater air duct are respectively the air intake and the air outlet slit of each air preheater.The heat exchange tube material of turbolator air preheater 1 is carbon steel (comprising steel pipe and turbolator).The heat pipe tube material of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 is carbon steel or stainless steel (stainless steel can adopt 1Cr18Ni9Ti etc.), and working medium is water.The heat exchanger tube basepipe materials of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 is a carbon steel, and outer surface is coated with enamel layer; Enamel layer adopts conventional coating-sintering process preparation, and thickness is generally 0.15~0.35 millimeter.The heat exchange tube material of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 is fluorine boron glass or quartz glass; The fluorine boron glass can be types such as GG17, and quartz glass can be types such as JGT2.The carbon steel that the heat exchanger tube of each air preheater or heat pipe are used generally is mild steel.The heat pipe of the heat exchanger tube of turbolator air preheater 1, enamel coating tube air preheater 3 and steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 can be finned tube or light pipe; The heat exchanger tube of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 is generally light pipe.
Air preheater of the present utility model shown in Figure 1, the exhanst gas outlet of turbolator air preheater 1 directly is connected with the smoke inlet of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2, the exhanst gas outlet of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 is connected by first tube connector 51 with the smoke inlet of enamel coating tube air preheater 3, and the exhanst gas outlet of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 directly is connected with the smoke inlet of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4.The air intake of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 enters pipeline 41 with air and is connected, the air outlet slit of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 is connected by second tube connector 52 with the air intake of enamel coating tube air preheater 3, the air outlet slit of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 is connected with the air intake of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 by the 3rd tube connector 53, and the air outlet slit of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 is connected with the air intake of turbolator air preheater 1 by the 4th tube connector 54.
Between the smoke inlet and exhanst gas outlet of above-mentioned each air preheater, between air intake and the air outlet slit, can select arbitrarily directly to connect or, the exhaust gases passes of each air preheater and air duct are connected in series successively respectively by the tube connector ways of connecting.By turbolator air preheater 1, steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2, enamel coating tube air preheater 3 and the Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 of selecting the appropriate configuration pattern for use, or change the structural design of these air preheaters simply, can accomplish this point.When directly connecting, generally all use flange to connect.When all directly being connected between the smoke inlet of each air preheater and exhanst gas outlet, air intake and the air outlet slit, each air preheater is combined into one; When all connecting by tube connector, each air preheater branch is arranged; Relevant accompanying drawing omits.
Air preheater of the present utility model is provided with preferably that flue gas flow is regulated bypath system automatically and air mass flow is regulated bypath system automatically, to regulate the smog discharge temperature of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 smoke outlets.Referring to Fig. 1, flue gas flow is regulated bypath system automatically and is provided with a gas bypass pipe 6, which is provided with flue gas flow control valve 61; Flue gas flow control valve 61 can be a pneumatic type or DYN dynamic.One end of gas bypass pipe 6 links to each other with air-introduced machine 10, and the other end is connected between the smoke inlet of the exhanst gas outlet of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 and enamel coating tube air preheater 3.When the exhanst gas outlet of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 was connected by first tube connector 51 with the smoke inlet of enamel coating tube air preheater 3, the other end of described gas bypass pipe 6 was connected on first tube connector 51 (referring to Fig. 1); When the exhanst gas outlet of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 directly was connected with the smoke inlet of enamel coating tube air preheater 3, the other end of described gas bypass pipe 6 was connected in the flange joint face place (figure slightly) between the smoke inlet of the exhanst gas outlet of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 and enamel coating tube air preheater 3.Smoke outlet in Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 is provided with in the exhanst gas outlet of first thermocouple, 71, the first thermocouples, 71 insertion Glass Tube Air Preheater 4.Be provided with first temperature transmitter 72 and first temperature controller 73 successively from first thermocouple 71 to flue gas flow control valve 61; First thermocouple 71, first temperature transmitter 72, first temperature controller 73 and flue gas flow control valve 61 usefulness flue gases control cable 7 are connected.
Air mass flow is regulated bypath system automatically and is provided with an air bypass pipe 8, which is provided with air flow rate adjustment valve 81; Air flow rate adjustment valve 81 can be a pneumatic type or DYN dynamic.One end of air bypass pipe 8 is connected in the air that links to each other with the air intake of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 and enters on the pipeline 41, and the other end is connected between the air intake of the air outlet slit of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 and steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2.When the air outlet slit of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 was connected by the 3rd tube connector 53 with the air intake of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2, the other end of described air bypass pipe 8 was connected on the 3rd tube connector 53; When the air outlet slit of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 directly was connected with the air intake of steel one steel-water heat tube air preheater 2, the other end of described air bypass pipe 8 was connected in the flange joint face place (figure slightly) between the air intake of the air outlet slit of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 and steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2.Smoke outlet in Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 is provided with in the exhanst gas outlet of second thermocouple, 91, the second thermocouples, 91 insertion Glass Tube Air Preheater 4.Be provided with second temperature transmitter 92 and second temperature controller 93 successively from second thermocouple 91 to air flow rate adjustment valve 81; Second thermocouple 91, second temperature transmitter 92, second temperature controller 93 and air flow rate adjustment valve 81 usefulness air control cable 9 are connected.
Flue gas flow is regulated bypath system and air mass flow automatically and is regulated each element in the bypath system automatically, all is conventional.
Be that example illustrates operating process of the present utility model with air preheater shown in Figure 1 below.At first enter heat release in the exhaust gases passes of turbolator air preheater 1 from 300~400 ℃ high-temperature flue gas of tubular heater convection section, temperature is reduced to 220~260 ℃ by the smoke inlet of turbolator air preheater 1; Then enter the interior continuation of the exhaust gases passes heat release of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2, temperature is reduced to 150~180 ℃; Heat release in first tube connector 51 enters the exhaust gases passes of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 again is reduced to 120~140 ℃ with temperature afterwards; Enter further heat release in the exhaust gases passes of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 at last, temperature is reduced to 80~90 ℃, flow out, deliver to smoke stack emission by the exhanst gas outlet of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4.
Meanwhile, the air that normal temperature air (temperature is by 15.5 ℃ of calculating) is linked to each other by the air intake with Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 enters in the air duct that pipeline 41 enters Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 and absorbs heat, and temperature is elevated to 60~70 ℃; Then in second tube connector 52 enters the air duct of enamel coating tube air preheater 3, continue heat absorption, temperature is elevated to 140~160 ℃; Heat absorption in the 3rd tube connector 53 enters the air duct of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 again is elevated to 180~200 ℃ with temperature afterwards; After the 4th tube connector 54 enters further heat absorption in the air duct of turbolator air preheater 1, temperature is elevated to design temperature (being generally 210~230 ℃), flows out, send into the combustion system of tubular heater by the air outlet slit of turbolator air preheater 1.
Among Fig. 1, the filled arrows of unreceipted Reference numeral illustrates the flow direction of flue gas, and hollow arrow illustrates the flow direction of air.
Referring to Fig. 1, air preheater of the present utility model is provided with flue gas flow and regulates bypath system and air mass flow automatically when regulating bypath system automatically, and its adjustment process is as follows.1. flue gas flow is regulated bypath system automatically: if the smog discharge temperature of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 smoke outlets is higher than setting value (80~90 ℃), first thermocouple, 71 detected smog discharge temperature values can pass to first temperature controller 73 by first temperature transmitter 72.First temperature controller 73 sends control signal according to predefined numerical value to flue gas flow control valve 61.Flue gas flow control valve 61 is opened automatically and is also regulated aperture, makes the partial fume that flows out from the exhanst gas outlet of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 directly extract, deliver to smoke stack emission by air-introduced machine 10 out through gas bypass pipe 6.Flue gas flow in first tube connector 51 enters the exhaust gases passes of enamel coating tube air preheater 3 and Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 reduces, the smog discharge temperature of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 smoke outlets is reduced, reach the smog discharge temperature of setting.Like this, just provide reliable guarantee for the thermal efficiency that improves tubular heater.In addition, what air-introduced machine 10 was extracted out is that temperature is 150~180 ℃ a flue gas, so air-introduced machine 10 needn't do that anticorrosion technique is handled or the material upgrading, and can be for a long time, operation safely.2. air mass flow is regulated bypath system automatically: if the smog discharge temperature of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 smoke outlets is lower than setting value (80~90 ℃), second thermocouple, 91 detected smog discharge temperature values can pass to second temperature controller 93 by second temperature transmitter 92.Second temperature controller 93 sends control signal according to predefined numerical value to air flow rate adjustment valve 81.Aperture is opened and regulated to air flow rate adjustment valve 81 automatically, the portion of air that the air that links to each other with the air intake of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 is entered in the pipeline 41 directly enters the air duct of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 through air bypass pipe 8, the 3rd tube connector 53, absorbs heat the air duct of steel-steel-water heat tube air preheater 2 and turbolator air preheater 1 in successively afterwards.Because the air mass flow in air enters the air duct that pipeline 41 enters Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 reduces, the caloric receptivity of air reduces in the air duct of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 and enamel coating tube air preheater 3, the smog discharge temperature of Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 smoke outlets is raise, reach the smog discharge temperature of setting.Like this, just can prevent the low-temperature flue gas acid dew piont corrosion that Glass Tube Air Preheater 4 might take place when smog discharge temperature was lower than 80~90 ℃, reliable guarantee is provided for this reason.
Tubular heater because the variation of operating mode, load etc. can cause that the flue-gas temperature of leaving the tubular heater convection section fluctuates, has influence on the operation of air preheater in running.Air preheater of the present utility model is provided with flue gas flow and regulates automatically after bypath system and air mass flow regulate bypath system automatically, can reach the purpose of strict control, stabilized glass tube air preheater 4 smoke outlet smog discharge temperatures, still smog discharge temperature can be remained in the scope of setting when making air preheater of the present utility model the variation of operating mode, load etc. in the tubular heater running, occur, can normally move.