CN101713534B - Combustion method of low-concentration combustible gas and fluidized reactor - Google Patents
Combustion method of low-concentration combustible gas and fluidized reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101713534B CN101713534B CN2009101916688A CN200910191668A CN101713534B CN 101713534 B CN101713534 B CN 101713534B CN 2009101916688 A CN2009101916688 A CN 2009101916688A CN 200910191668 A CN200910191668 A CN 200910191668A CN 101713534 B CN101713534 B CN 101713534B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combustion method of low-concentration combustible gas, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, introducing the low-concentration combustible gas and combustion-supporting air respectively into a heat exchanger for heat exchange; then introducing the low-concentration combustible gas and the combustion-supporting air after the heat exchange into a mixing cavity of a fluidized reactor for mixing; then introducing the mixed gas into a combustion cavity of a combustor through an air distributor for combustion; and taking the combusted gas as a heat source of the heat exchanger. The invention also provides the fluidized reactor to realize the method. The invention can not only enable the low-concentration combustible gas to be ignited reliably and combusted stably, but also ensure small temperature fluctuation inside the fluidized reactor; the combustion cavity can be used as both a reactor and a heat accumulator; the fluidized reactor has a wider loading adjusting range when working under ordinary pressure, and the mixed gas can keep combusting when the concentration of combustible components is higher than 2 percent; therefore, the invention is suitable for the combustion of the low-concentration combustible gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the combustion method and the burner thereof of low-concentration combustible gas, relate in particular to a kind of method and fluidized reactor that adopts fluidized reactor burning low-concentration combustible gas.
Background technology
In coal mining, chemical industry, petroleum industry and steel and iron industry production process, can produce a large amount of waste gas that contains imflammable gas such as methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen.The concentration of imflammable gas usually is lower than 10% in the waste gas, even is lower than 5%, usually concentration is lower than 10% imflammable gas and calls the low concentration imflammable gas.With coal mining is example, and the main fuel gas of mine gas waste gas is a methane, and reason such as methane concentration is low, and change in concentration is big, and this low-concentration combustible gas is difficult to be lighted or keep smooth combustion.At present, low-concentration combustible gas nearly all recycles just directly to be arranged to atmosphere, has caused the serious waste of limited non-renewable resources on the one hand; Atmosphere pollution and greenhouse effects have been aggravated on the other hand.Therefore, rationally recycling low-concentration combustible gas has energy-conservation and the environmental protection double meaning.
At present, for the research and the utilization of the lower gas of methane concentration, mainly in the following aspects: adopt physics and chemical method purify, as auxiliary fuel or combustion adjuvant and employing regenerative combustion technology.
Adopting physics and chemical method to purify, mainly is at the gas that contains low-concentration methane.Purification technique is meant N
2Or air and methane separation, the methane content in the gas is improved, thereby improve the concentration of gaseous fuel.Purification technique mainly contains cryogenic separation, transformation adsorbing separation to be separated with film etc.Cryogenic separation cost height has only commercial value is just arranged when the flow that separates is big; The present comparative maturity of transformation adsorption separation technology can be used; Membrane separation technique is simple, is highly suitable for small-sized gas separating station, but also is in the research and development stage so far.The cost of method of purification is higher relatively.
Low-concentration combustible gas is owing to comprised fuel gas and a certain amount of O
2, can be used to do auxiliary fuel or combustion adjuvant, replace the part air, save part of fuel, often be used to internal combustion engine, gas turbine or boiler, but this specification requirement master combustion apparatus must reach sufficiently high temperature, and the fed distance of gaseous fuel is enough little.
Regenerative combustion technology is by the flow direction of reversing valve operated control gaseous fuel.Before in the half period, when combustible gas stream is crossed the high-temperature heat accumulation body, produce oxidation reaction after absorbing enough heats, when the flue gas that burning produces flows through another heat storage, discharge heat, and heat storage be heated to sufficiently high temperature.In the back half period,, combustible gas is entered from another heat storage, finish similar burning and diabatic process by reversing valve operated.When combustible gas concentration was higher, heat storage surpassed the temperature extremes of bearing easily.This technology not only requires the switch operation must be promptly and accurately, and the heat storage material bears the alternating hot and cold process, requires very high.Whole burner adopts Electric heating to start usually, and difficulty is big, and the device radiation loss more for a long time, and the holdout device operating ratio is difficulty.New regenerative combustion technology increases catalyst layer between two heat storages, the ignition temperature of air-flow is significantly reduced, and has remedied the part weak point of regenerative combustion technology, but thermal stress that heat-storing material bore is changed and the having relatively high expectations of catalyst.
For fluidized bed combustion, Chinese patent application number is a kind of with the solid-fuelled method of fluidized bed combustion for 89100176.X discloses, and has pointed out that fluid bed has efficiency of combustion height, advantage that pollutant emission is few, but has not related to the burning of gaseous fuel.China Patent No. is 200820110474.1 to relate to the burning of gaseous fuel in fluid bed, the method that this invention adopts fast bed and turbulent fluidized bed to combine, utilize the circulation of oxygen carrier between fast bed and turbulent bed, realize the burning of high concentration gaseous fuel and the collection of carbon dioxide, but do not related to the burning that concentration is lower than 10% fuel gas.
In sum, low-concentration combustible gas directly burns and utilizes technology is that all right ripe, and is subjected to the restriction of aspects such as cost, fed distance or heat-storing material.Fluidized bed combustion has the efficiency of combustion height, the advantage that pollutant is few, but be mainly used in the gaseous fuel of solid fuel and high concentration at present, do not relate to for low-concentration combustible gas.
Summary of the invention
At the prior art above shortcomings, the objective of the invention is to solve problems such as the low-concentration combustible gas calorific value is low, combustible component change in concentration amplitude is big, smooth combustion difficulty, a kind of method at fluidized reactor internal combustion low-concentration combustible gas is provided.
Another object of the present invention is to have the discontinuous and combustion instability of fluidized reactor burning now for realizing said method, overcoming simultaneously, but a kind of continous-stable burning is provided, and fluidized reactor simple in structure.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of combustion method of low-concentration combustible gas is characterized in that: adopt fluidized reactor as burner, be equipped with sand grains on the air distribution plate of burner; The concrete steps of this method comprise: at first, low-concentration combustible gas and combustion air are fed heat exchanger respectively carry out heat exchange; Then, will mix in the hybrid chamber through low-concentration combustible gas after the heat exchange and combustion air feeding fluidized reactor; Again mixed gas is entered the combustion chamber internal combustion of described burner by described air distribution plate; Gas after the burning is as the thermal source of heat exchanger.
Further, described sand grains is a quartz sand particle, and particle diameter is 0.1～10mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of fluidized reactor, comprises reactor shell, and described reactor shell is divided into hybrid chamber and combustion chamber by air distribution plate, and hybrid chamber is provided with combustion gas air admission hole and combustion air air admission hole, and combustion chamber is provided with burning gases venthole I; Also comprise combustion gas heat exchanger and combustion air heat exchanger, heat exchanger tube one end of combustion gas heat exchanger is the fuel gas inlet end, the other end is communicated with the combustion gas air admission hole, and heat exchanger tube one end of combustion air heat exchanger is the combustion air inlet end, and the other end is communicated with the combustion air air admission hole; Described burning gases venthole I is communicated with the heat exchanging chamber of combustion gas heat exchanger and combustion air heat exchanger respectively; Described air distribution plate is provided with one deck sand grains.
Further, the heat exchanging chamber wall of described combustion gas heat exchanger is provided with burning gases air admission hole I and burning gases venthole II, described combustion air heat exchanger is provided with burning gases air admission hole II and burning gases venthole III, described burning gases venthole I is communicated with burning gases air admission hole I and burning gases air admission hole II respectively, and described burning gases venthole II is communicated with burning gases air admission hole II;
Further, on pipeline that described burning gases venthole I is communicated with burning gases air admission hole II and burning gases venthole II and pipeline that burning gases air admission hole II is communicated with, be respectively equipped with flow control valve;
Further, be fixed with the blast cap of blind hole structure on the exhaust vent of described air distribution plate, the sidewall of blast cap is provided with the blast cap aperture, and the exhaust vent of described air distribution plate, blast cap aperture and combustion chamber are communicated with successively.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention not only can make low-concentration combustible gas reliably catch fire and smooth combustion, and temperature fluctuation is little in the fluidized reactor; Combustion chamber not only can be used as reactor but also can be used as storage heater, and fluidized reactor is operated in normal pressure load regulation range of following time broad, and the concentration of combustible component is higher than at 2% o'clock and just can keeps burning in the mist, so adapt to the low-concentration combustible gas burning.
Among the present invention, be filled with sand grains in the reaction chamber on air distribution plate, combustion gas and air are respectively after the heat exchanger preheating, entering hybrid chamber from the reactor shell bottom mixes, behind air distribution plate and blast cap, enter the sand grains layer, sand grains moves upward with mixed airflow, and the heat transferred mist, after the mist temperature reaches flammable ignition point, combustible component in the gas and oxygen generation oxidation reaction, emit heat, and with the heat transferred sand grains, but because the effect of gravity, the high temperature sand grains that is taken to the combustion chamber internal upper part by air-flow falls back on the air distribution plate along the chamber wall, catches fire and the condition of smooth combustion for the fuel gas of low concentration provides.The gaseous product that combustion reaction simultaneously generates is got rid of by burning gases venthole I and is entered in the heat exchanger, with heat transferred fuel gas and combustion air, the heat that the gas combustion that avoids waste produces, simultaneously also can carry out preheating, improve the catch fire probability and the smooth combustion efficient of the fuel gas of low concentration low-concentration combustible gas.Fluidized reactor both had been fit to the low-concentration combustible gas burning, energy savings and reduce the discharging of greenhouse gases, and simple in structure, cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is air distribution plate and blast cap assembled construction schematic diagram.
The structure of the Reference numeral representative in the accompanying drawing is as follows:
1-reactor shell 2-air distribution plate 3-hybrid chamber 4-combustion chamber 5-gas inlet hole 6-combustion air air admission hole 7-burning gases venthole I 8-gas heat-exchanger 9-combustion air heat exchanger 10-fuel gas inlet end 11-combustion air inlet end 12-sand grains 13-burning gases air admission hole I 14-burning gases venthole II 15-burning gases air admission hole II16-burning gases venthole III 17-flow control valve 18-blast cap 19-blast cap aperture
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done to describe in further detail.
The combustion method of low-concentration combustible gas adopts fluidized reactor as burner, is equipped with sand grains on the air distribution plate of burner; The concrete steps of this method comprise: at first, low-concentration combustible gas and combustion air are fed heat exchanger respectively carry out heat exchange; Then, will mix in the hybrid chamber through low-concentration combustible gas after the heat exchange and combustion air feeding fluidized reactor; Again mixed gas is entered the combustion chamber internal combustion of described burner by described air distribution plate; Gas after the burning is as the thermal source of heat exchanger.
In the present embodiment, sand grains is a quartz sand particle, and quartz sand particle is an inert particle, and particle diameter is 0.1～10mm, is deposited on the air distribution plate in advance and forms the sand grains layer of the height of 100mm at least.0.1 the quartz sand particle of～10mm particle diameter easily moves upward with the mist of upwards going out, and fully mixes with mist, the higher quartz sand of temperature makes the heat transferred mist mist temperature reach ignition point; The while quartz sand particle has hard, not breakable advantage in the use.The thickness of sand grains layer should be determined according to the pressure of different combustion gas and gas and the volume of reactor shell.
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is air distribution plate and blast cap assembled construction schematic diagram, and as shown in the figure: fluidized reactor comprises reactor shell 1, combustion gas heat exchanger 8 and combustion air heat exchanger 9.Reactor shell 1 is divided into hybrid chamber 3 and combustion chamber 4 by air distribution plate 2, and hybrid chamber 3 is provided with combustion gas air admission hole 5 and combustion air air admission hole 6, and combustion chamber 4 is provided with burning gases venthole I7, and air distribution plate 2 is provided with one deck sand grains 12.Heat exchanger tube one end of combustion gas heat exchanger 8 is a fuel gas inlet end 10, and the other end is communicated with combustion gas air admission hole 5 by tracheae; Heat exchanger tube one end of combustion air heat exchanger 9 is a combustion air inlet end 11, and the other end is communicated with combustion air air admission hole 6.The heat exchanging chamber wall of combustion gas heat exchanger 8 is provided with burning gases air admission hole I13 and burning gases venthole II14, combustion air heat exchanger 9 is provided with burning gases air admission hole II15 and burning gases venthole III16, burning gases venthole I7 is communicated with burning gases air admission hole I13 and burning gases air admission hole II15 by flue respectively, and burning gases venthole II14 is communicated with burning gases air admission hole II15 by flue.
On flue that burning gases venthole I7 is communicated with burning gases air admission hole II15 and burning gases venthole II14 and flue that burning gases air admission hole II15 is communicated with, be respectively equipped with flow control valve 17.Utilize the flow control valve of installing in the flue 17 to regulate the flow of two flue internal combustion gases, thereby the preheat temperature of control fuel gas, make the temperature of mist in combustion gas heat exchanger outlet temperature, the hybrid chamber all be lower than ignition temperature, prevent that fuel gas from burning before entering combustion chamber.
Be fixed with the blast cap 18 of blind hole structure on the exhaust vent of air distribution plate 2, the sidewall of blast cap 18 is provided with blast cap aperture 19, and the exhaust vent of air distribution plate 2, blast cap aperture 19 and combustion chamber 4 are communicated with successively.Blast cap 18 adopts blind hole structure, blast cap aperture 19 is located on the sidewall of blast cap 18, the sand grains that can avoid playing the pre-heat effect of circulation enters in the hybrid chamber 3 by the exhaust vent of air distribution plate 2, upwards the mist that flows blast cap aperture 19 from the sidewall is gone out the sand grains that also helps draging on the air distribution plate 2 plate faces, it is more abundant that it is mixed with mist, and heat-transfer effect is better.
When using this fluidized reactor, feed fuel gas from the fuel gas inlet end 10 of combustion gas heat exchanger 8, feed combustion air from the combustion air inlet end 11 of combustion air heat exchanger 9, fuel gas and combustion air enter in the hybrid chamber 3 by tracheae after heat exchange, air outlet and the blast cap aperture 19 from blast cap 18 of abundant mixed gas by air distribution plate 2 gone out and entered combustion chamber 4 in hybrid chamber 3, the sand grains 12 that has draged simultaneously on the air distribution plate 2 plate faces moves upward, when sand grains 12 moves upward with mixed airflow and the heat transferred mist of self.After the temperature of mist reaches the combustible component ignition point, combustible component in the gas and the reaction of oxygen generation combustion oxidation, emit heat, part heat transferred sand grains, but because the effect of gravity, the high temperature sand grains that is taken to combustion chamber 4 internal upper parts by air-flow just falls back on the air distribution plate 2 along the chamber wall, and the condition of catching fire with smooth combustion is provided for low-concentration combustible gas.Gaseous product after the combustion reaction is entered in the heat exchanging chamber of combustion gas heat exchanger 8 and combustion air heat exchanger 9 respectively by flue, and carry out heat exchange with fuel gas and combustion air in the heat exchanger tube, with heat transferred fuel gas and combustion air, with after burning gases venthole III16 on the combustion air heat exchanger 9 get rid of.
Fluidized reactor both can be used as combustion reaction device, can be used as regenerative apparatus again, not only was fit to the burning of general gaseous fuel, was more suitable for the burning of low-concentration combustible gas simultaneously, had stronger flame stabilization ability, the wider load adjustable range.When working under normal pressure, fluidized reactor not only can make gas combustion complete, and self structure is simple, long service life.
Explanation is at last, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the combustion method of a low-concentration combustible gas, wherein the concentration of imflammable gas is lower than 10%, it is characterized in that: adopt fluidized reactor as burner, be equipped with sand grains on the air distribution plate of burner; The concrete steps of this method comprise: at first, low-concentration combustible gas and combustion air are fed heat exchanger respectively carry out heat exchange; Then, will mix in the hybrid chamber through low-concentration combustible gas after the heat exchange and combustion air feeding fluidized reactor; Again mixed gas is entered the combustion chamber internal combustion of described burner by described air distribution plate; Gas after the burning is as the thermal source of heat exchanger.
2. according to the combustion method of the described low-concentration combustible gas of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sand grains is a quartz sand particle, and particle diameter is 0.1～10mm.
3. fluidized reactor, comprise reactor shell (1), described reactor shell (1) is divided into hybrid chamber (3) and combustion chamber (4) by air distribution plate (2), hybrid chamber (3) is provided with combustion gas air admission hole (5) and combustion air air admission hole (6), and combustion chamber (4) is provided with burning gases venthole I (7); It is characterized in that: also comprise combustion gas heat exchanger (8) and combustion air heat exchanger (9), heat exchanger tube one end of combustion gas heat exchanger (8) is fuel gas inlet end (10), the other end is communicated with combustion gas air admission hole (5), heat exchanger tube one end of combustion air heat exchanger (9) is combustion air inlet end (11), and the other end is communicated with combustion air air admission hole (6); Described burning gases venthole I (7) is communicated with the heat exchanging chamber of combustion gas heat exchanger (8) and combustion air heat exchanger (9) respectively; Described air distribution plate (2) is provided with one deck sand grains (12).
4. fluidized reactor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the heat exchanging chamber wall of described combustion gas heat exchanger (8) is provided with burning gases air admission hole I (13) and burning gases venthole II (14), described combustion air heat exchanger (9) is provided with burning gases air admission hole II (15) and burning gases venthole III (16), described burning gases venthole I (7) is communicated with burning gases air admission hole I (13) and burning gases air admission hole II (15) respectively, and described burning gases venthole II (14) is communicated with burning gases air admission hole II (15).
5. fluidized reactor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: be respectively equipped with flow control valve (17) on pipeline that burning gases venthole I (7) is communicated with burning gases air admission hole II (15) and burning gases venthole II (14) and pipeline that burning gases air admission hole II (15) is communicated with.
6. according to the described fluidized reactor of each claim in the claim 3 to 5, it is characterized in that: the blast cap (18) that is fixed with blind hole structure on the exhaust vent of described air distribution plate (2), the sidewall of blast cap (18) is provided with blast cap aperture (19), and the exhaust vent of described air distribution plate (2), blast cap aperture (19) and combustion chamber (4) are communicated with successively.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009101916688A CN101713534B (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2009-11-30 | Combustion method of low-concentration combustible gas and fluidized reactor |
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| CN2009101916688A CN101713534B (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2009-11-30 | Combustion method of low-concentration combustible gas and fluidized reactor |
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| CN101713534A CN101713534A (en) | 2010-05-26 |
| CN101713534B true CN101713534B (en) | 2011-05-18 |
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| CN102954466B (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2015-05-20 | 苏州格瑞展泰再生能源有限公司 | High-temperature biomass gas combustor and method for premixing combustion gas and delivering same to hearth |
| CN105090954B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-11-17 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | The burning Application way of fuel gas with low heat value and burning and warm-air supply system |
| CN108800113A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A method of for promoting biomass fuel to stablize burning in fluidized bed combustion |
| CN113719843B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2022-09-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for recycling low-concentration gas resources |
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