CN114738990B - Gradual-change porous medium material for gas water heater, preparation method and application thereof, and gas water heater - Google Patents
Gradual-change porous medium material for gas water heater, preparation method and application thereof, and gas water heater Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of burners, and particularly relates to a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater, a preparation method and application thereof, and the gas water heater. The method comprises the steps of firstly constructing a gradient three-dimensional space pore framework model for 3D printing, and then preparing the gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater by combining a 3D printing method. The material has the advantages of large-range regulation and control of porosity, uniform combustion, high combustion strength, high combustion efficiency, low pollutant discharge, good thermal shock resistance and long service life, and the prepared porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater has the advantages of through pores, uniform distribution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of burners, and particularly relates to a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater, a preparation method and application thereof, and the gas water heater.
Background
At present, the porous medium combustion technology has the advantages of high combustion strength, high combustion efficiency, low pollutant discharge and the like, and a porous medium structure is mostly adopted as a combustor for gas water heaters in the market. The porous medium mainly has four structures of fiber net shape, particle accumulation, straight hole network and foam type, and the material mainly comprises two main types of metal material and non-metal material. The metal fiber structure has the advantages of high porosity, small flow resistance, good strength, rigidity, toughness, heat conduction, radiation and the like, and is a common structure of the burner for the existing gas water heater. But the structure has high production technology difficulty and higher preparation cost; and the porous medium solid framework needs to bear higher thermal stress in the starting and stopping processes of the combustor, so that the structure is easy to deform. The porous medium structure of the foamed ceramic has the advantages of uniform pore size (100 mu m-5 mm) and distribution, high porosity (70-90 percent) and large specific surface areaAnd the like, and becomes the mainstream structure for the industrial porous medium burner in recent years. In addition, the porous medium structure of the foamed ceramic adopts Al 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 And SiC and other inorganic materials, and solves the problem that the metal fiber structure is easy to deform. Therefore, the structure is also applied to the field of gas water heaters, and meanwhile, in order to further ensure the use safety and the combustion efficiency, the porous medium burner for the gas water heater is mostly produced by adopting a double-layer or multi-layer gradually-changed hole composite structure and combining methods such as a hot-pressing injection process, injection-coagulation forming, grouting or extrusion and the like. However, the multilayer skeleton structure is easy to generate sudden change of the flow area due to size mismatching, so that the combustion flame at the interface is unstable. Based on the existing production technology, the porous structure pore units are not regular and can be circulated or arranged irregularly, and the description of the geometrical shape is difficult, so that the structure and the size of the pore are not controllable, and the regulation and control range of the structure for carrying out multi-temperature-domain combustion efficiency is limited.
It is easy to find that the heat transfer characteristic parameters of the porous medium solid framework for the household gas water heater burner have great influence on the combustion, heat transfer and product generation of the porous medium. The pore diameter, porosity and the like of the medium with large and small pores in the framework not only can influence the thermophysical parameters of the porous medium, but also can fundamentally design and optimize the porous medium burner. However, the research on the burners of the household water heater mainly focuses on the aspects of a temperature control system, a safety system, noise reduction, a single burner, a fire grate structure and the like. The research on the porous medium technology also mainly focuses on the aspects of preparation process and material improvement, in-hole combustion theory, combustion efficiency and pollutant emission control. Although little research has been directed to the design of the perforated skeleton, it has not been directed to the context of use of gas water heaters.
The patent technology of 'fire grate of burner, burner of gas water heater and gas water heater' (CN 208349301U) designs the connection mode and aperture of a plurality of ventilation channels in a distributor, designs the distribution quantity of combustion holes in a combustion substrate and designs the connection mode of gas guide pipes. The design can promote gas combustion and is beneficial to reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides generated when the gas water heater works, but the design mainly aims at the ventilation channel and does not relate to the modification of the porous skeleton structure of the combustor.
The patent technology of 'household gas water heater burner single body' (CN 111735206U) designs a plurality of flame holes on a fire exhaust sheet, designs the connection mode and the aperture of a plurality of ventilation channels in a distributor, designs the distribution quantity of the combustion holes in a combustion substrate, and designs the connection mode of gas guide pipes at the same time. The design can promote gas combustion, is favorable for reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides generated during the working of the gas water heater, but mainly aims at the design of the fire grate structural holes and does not relate to the modification of the porous skeleton structure of the combustor.
The patent technology of 'a preparation method of silicon carbide-based porous ceramic with a gradient pore structure' (CN 105801122B) comprises the four steps of pretreatment of silicon carbide porous ceramic, preparation of silicon slurry, coating of the silicon slurry on the surface of the silicon carbide porous ceramic and atmosphere sintering, and a layer of nano-scale silicon nitride whiskers with the pore diameter smaller than that of the silicon carbide porous ceramic is coated on the surface of the silicon carbide porous ceramic. Although the preparation can form the silicon carbide-based porous ceramic with the gradient pore structure with gradually increased pore diameter from inside to outside and can improve the durability of the silicon carbide-based porous ceramic without reducing the service performance of the filter element, the porous ceramic template is adopted, and the design of the pore structure size and the distribution is not controllable.
A patent technology of porous composite material and preparation and application thereof (CN 113750978A) adopts a porous adsorption material and a high polymer binder to prepare adsorption slurry with solid content of 10wt% -80 wt%, and then a uniform coating structure is spontaneously formed on the surface of the porous framework material and the adsorption slurry in an extrusion or rolling mode to prepare the porous composite material with high single load capacity. Although the patent realizes the uniform coating of foam with any pore size, the pore structure still depends on a porous adsorption material, and the regulation and control of pore diameter and pore shape cannot be realized.
The patent technology of the tetrakaidecahedron-based gradually-modified porous bone induction structure (CN 212630965U) realizes the design of the gradually-modified porous bone induction structure with adjustable aperture by regulating and controlling the sizes of two-stage units of a tetrakaidecahedron support and an octahedron support. The structure has good mechanical property, solves the problem that a large number of branches exist at the junction of the gradual-change pore structure in the field of biology, but does not relate to the influence of the parameters (such as the length, the radius and the shape of a pore rib) of the gradual-change structure microstructure on the combustion characteristics such as the temperature characteristic, the stable combustion characteristic, the lean combustion characteristic, the pollutant emission characteristic and the radiation efficiency characteristic.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater, a preparation method and application thereof and the gas water heater. The preparation method provided by the invention is based on 3D printing and forming of the gradually-changed three-dimensional space hole framework, and can be used for controllably adjusting the shape and size of the unit structure of the gradually-changed three-dimensional space hole framework. The prepared graded porous medium material for the gas water heater has the characteristics of controllable pore microstructure, high combustion strength, high combustion efficiency and low pollutant emission.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater comprises the following steps:
1) Constructing a gradual change three-dimensional space hole skeleton model for 3D printing;
2) Introducing the gradient three-dimensional pore framework model obtained in the step 1) into 3D printing equipment, and then, carrying out 3D printing by adopting a printing material used in a direct printing method to prepare a gradient three-dimensional pore framework to be sintered by the direct printing method; or 3D printing is carried out by adopting a printing material used by a template printing method to prepare a middle gradient three-dimensional space pore framework, and then a sintering material is coated on the middle gradient three-dimensional space pore framework to obtain a gradient three-dimensional space pore framework to be sintered by the template printing method;
3) Sintering and curing the gradient three-dimensional space pore framework to be sintered by the direct printing method obtained in the step 2) to obtain a gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater; or sintering and forming the gradient three-dimensional pore framework to be sintered by the template printing method obtained in the step 2) to obtain the gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater.
In the prior art, the porous medium burner is mainly prepared by a sintering method, and the structure and the size of a hole or a pore passage formed in the sintering process are difficult to accurately form. On the other hand, although the sintering process may form cells, many cells do not have large openings due to factors such as firing materials and processes, and even can communicate with other cells through only one opening, resulting in a decrease in the overall connectivity of the cells within the porous media burner. On the other hand, for a multilayer skeleton structure, the problem of interface of the connecting surface of each layer cannot be solved, so that the thermal stress of the junction is overlarge, and the service life is short.
According to the technical scheme, the gradual-change three-dimensional hole skeleton model can be accurately prepared by 3D printing according to a design method, and the size, the structure and the like of each cell element in the gradual-change three-dimensional hole skeleton model can be adjusted according to needs. And based on the adjustment of the structure, each side wall of each cell element can be provided with a through hole structure, so that the global connectivity of the pore cavity in the porous medium combustor is further improved, and the porosity is improved.
In practical application, the combustion intensity can be obviously improved, and the concentration of NOx and the concentration of CO after combustion can be obviously reduced.
On the other hand, the gradual change three-dimensional space hole framework is formed by adopting a 3D printing technology, and the framework structure is continuously distributed. When the framework structure comprises a multilayer structure, the interface is integrally formed, so that the preparation technology is not limited, the pore structure and the size are not controllable, and the interface combustion efficiency and the service life are influenced.
Specifically, in the step 2), the prepared gradient three-dimensional spatial pore framework comprises a first layer of geometric framework (1) and a second layer of geometric framework (2), wherein the first layer of geometric framework (1) is formed by arraying n first layers of basic cellular body framework structures (101) along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction respectively 1 、n 2 、n 3 The second layer of geometric framework (2) is formed by arraying a second layer of basic cell body framework structures (201) along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction respectively 4 、n 5 、n 6 The second layer of geometric framework (2) and the first layer of geometric framework (1) are arranged in parallel up and downAnd the layer where the hole ribs on the upper end surface of the first layer of geometric framework (1) are located and the layer where the hole ribs on the lower end surface of the second layer of geometric framework (2) are located are in the same layer.
Based on the technical scheme, the gradual change three-dimensional space hole framework model can be conveniently constructed, through holes are formed in each surface of each basic cell body framework structure, and all basic cell body framework structures in the gradual change three-dimensional space hole framework model are communicated with one another.
Correspondingly, the structure can be repeated to obtain a gradual change three-dimensional space hole framework structure with three or more layers of geometric frames.
Specifically, the method for constructing the gradual change three-dimensional space hole skeleton model comprises the following steps:
1a) Constructing a first layer of basic cell body framework model of the gradient three-dimensional space hole framework model;
1b) Arraying the first layer of basic cell body frame model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction of the burner device respectively 1 、n 2 、n 3 Obtaining the first layer geometric model;
1c) Constructing a second layer of basic cellular element framework model of the gradient three-dimensional spatial hole framework model on the upper end face of the first layer of geometric model, and superposing layers of hole rib models on the lower end face of the second layer of basic cellular element framework model in parallel to layers of hole rib models on the upper end face of the first layer of geometric model;
1d) Arraying the second layer of basic cell element frame model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction of the burner device respectively 4 、n 5 、n 6 And obtaining the second layer geometric model.
Correspondingly, 1 c) and step 1 d) can also be performed by first obtaining a second layer geometric model and then performing co-layer arrangement.
Correspondingly, the steps can be repeated to obtain a gradient three-dimensional space hole skeleton structure model with three or more than three layers of geometric models.
Specifically, the hole structure is designed, the disturbance and turbulence effect is controllable, and the combustion efficiency and performance are improved
Preferably, the first layer of basic cell element frame structure (101) and the second layer of basic cell element frame structure (201) are both regular hexahedral frame structures. In addition, regular tetrahedrons, regular octahedrons, regular dodecahedrons, and regular tetradecahedrons can also be selected. Compared with other structures, the regular hexahedron is easier to realize the construction method of the gradient three-dimensional space hole skeleton model provided by the invention.
Based on the basic cell body frame structure defined by the technical scheme, turbulent combustion can be improved by regulating and controlling combustion disturbance, so that the combustion efficiency and the working performance are improved.
Specifically, the parameter setting of the method specifically comprises:
H 2 ＝H-H 1 (4)
h is the height of the burner of 20-50 mm, and the first layer is a geometric modelHeight H 1 10-25mm, the length L of the burner is 50-300mm, the width W of the burner is 50-300mm, and the height H of the geometric model of the second layer 2 Is 10-25mm. Side length a of the basic cell body frame model 1 Is 4-8mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the Z axis 1 Is 0-60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the X axis 1 0-60 degrees, and hole ribs d of the basic cell body 1 0.6-1.5mm, the side length a of the second layer basic cell element framework model 2 Is (a) 1 -2d 1 )-a 1 The included angle theta between meridian plane of basic cellular body and Z axis 2 Is 0-60 degrees, and the included angle beta of the meridian plane of the basic cellular body and the X axis 2 0-60 degrees, and hole ribs d of basic cell bodies 2 Is 0.6-1.5mm.
Based on the structural parameters defined by the technical scheme, the combustion disturbance can be more deeply regulated and controlled, so that turbulent combustion is remarkably improved, and the combustion efficiency and the working performance are further improved.
According to the technical scheme, the porosity of the gradually-changed three-dimensional pore framework can reach 85-99% by adjusting the pore size and the angle of the gradually-changed three-dimensional pore framework.
Specifically, first layer basic cell element frame construction (101) is regular polyhedron frame construction, second layer basic cell element frame construction (201) is regular polyhedron frame construction, the shape of first layer basic cell element frame construction (101) with the shape of second layer basic cell element frame construction (201) is the same or different.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt regular polyhedron frame construction to realize regular porous medium combustor structure more easily, ensure the global connectivity of the vestibule in the porous medium combustor, improve each item burning performance of combustor.
The invention also provides the gradual-change type porous medium material for the gas water heater, which is prepared according to the preparation method.
Specifically, the shape of the first layer of basic cell body frame structure (101) is the same as the shape of the second layer of basic cell body frame structure (201).
The invention also provides application of the graded porous medium material for the gas water heater, which is used for manufacturing a porous medium burner.
The gradually-changed porous medium material for the gas water heater has the advantages of improving the combustion strength, obviously reducing the concentration of NOx and CO after combustion and the like, and is particularly suitable for the gas water heater so as to meet the improvement of the industrial index.
The invention also provides a gas water heater which comprises the combustor, wherein the combustor is the porous medium combustor provided by the invention. It has a graded porous structure, and the layers are integrally formed.
The invention has the advantages of improving the combustion intensity, obviously reducing the concentration of NOx and CO after combustion and the like, thereby further increasing the safety guarantee of the gas water heater.
Specifically, the whole gradual change three-dimensional space hole skeleton is a cylinder or a polyhedron.
Preferably, the cross section of the porous skeleton pore rib structure is circular.
The invention adopts a round structure as the section of the hole rib structure and an array polyhedral structure as the framework, can disperse the Kong Jianduan stress and meets the requirement of reducing the local thermal stress concentration.
Specifically, printing materials used in the direct printing method are known in the art, and include, for example, siC composite carbon black, al 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 And mullite, and the like, wherein the material is sintered and solidified in the sintering process to obtain the graded porous medium material for the gas water heater.
Specifically, the printing material used in the stencil printing method is a conventional material, such as a material including photosensitive resin, polyurethane, or the like, which burns out during sintering, and the surface-coated sintered material is sintered and molded to obtain a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater.
Compared with the prior art, the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater has the following positive effects:
the existing porous medium burner for the gas water heater mostly adopts a double-layer or multi-layer gradually-changed hole composite structure, and the sponge template is produced by adopting methods such as a hot-pressing injection process, injection-condensation molding, grouting or extrusion and the like and then fired, so that on one hand, the structure and the size of holes among the skeleton structures are uncontrollable, and on the other hand, the problems of unstable combustion flame, easy separation, overlarge thermal stress of junctions and the like exist at the interfaces among layers of the spliced multi-layer skeleton structures. In addition, the defects of low combustion intensity, low combustion efficiency, substandard pollutant emission, low service life and the like exist on the whole.
The invention can accurately control the size and the property of the holes of each layer in the three-dimensional direction to form a variable-size hole structure, and a secondary turbulent flow area is formed in a combustion area through the adjustment of the angle and the size of the holes, so that the combustion intensity and the efficiency are improved, and the emission of pollutants is reduced. Meanwhile, the multi-layer structure is integrally formed, so that the interface problem can be eliminated.
Through detection, the combustion intensity of the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater prepared by the invention can reach 1.5kw/m 3 ，NO x The concentration is less than or equal to 10ppm, the concentration of CO is less than or equal to 50ppm, and the service life of the cold-heat cycle at the service temperature of 1200 ℃ is more than or equal to 2000 times.
The porous medium burner has the advantages of large-range regulation and control of porosity, uniform combustion, high combustion strength, high combustion efficiency, low pollutant discharge, good thermal shock resistance and long service life, and the prepared porous medium burner for the gas water heater has the advantages of through pores, uniform distribution and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first layer of basic cell body framework model in the manufacturing method provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first layer geometric model and a second layer geometric model in the manufacturing method provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a framework model of a gradient three-dimensional pore in the preparation method provided by the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second layer of basic cell body framework model in the manufacturing method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a first layer of basic cell framework structure of a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of a first layer geometrical frame and a second layer geometrical frame of a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a graded three-dimensional pore framework made of a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a first layer of basic cell frame structure of a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention
In fig. 5, 6, 7, and 8, the structures represented by the reference numerals are listed below:
1. the first layer of geometric framework, 101, the first layer of basic cell body framework structure, 2, the second layer of geometric framework, 201, the second layer of basic cell body framework structure.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to avoid repetition, the technical parameters of the raw materials involved in this specific embodiment are uniformly described as follows, and are not described in detail in the embodiments:
the structure of the gradual change type porous medium material for the gas water heater is a cylinder or a cuboid, the porous framework unit is a regular polyhedron comprising a regular tetrahedron, a regular hexahedron, a regular octahedron, a regular dodecahedron and a regular tetradecahedron, and the cross section of a porous framework pore rib is a circular hole; the porosity of the porous framework is 85-99%.
The 3D printing slurry is one of photosensitive resin, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, silicon carbide powder and carbon black.
In the geometric model, H is the height of the combustor 20-50 mm, the length L of the combustor is 50-300mm, and the width W of the combustor is 50-300mm. Height H of first layer geometric model of three-dimensional space hole skeleton 1 10-25mm, height H of the geometric model of the second layer 2 10-25mm, first layer geometric modelSide length a of basic cell body structure 1 Is 4-8mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body of the first layer of geometric model and the Z axis 1 Is 0-60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body of the first layer of geometric model and the X axis 1 0-60 degrees, and the hole ribs d of the basic cell bodies of the first layer of the geometric model 1 0.6-1.5mm, the first layer of basic cell structures being arrayed n along the length, width and height directions 1 、n 2 、n 3 The number of the second layer of basic cell body structure is 1-12, 6-75 and 6-75 respectively, and the side length a of the second layer of basic cell body structure 2 Is (a) 1 -2d 1 )-a 1 The included angle theta between the meridian plane and the Z axis of the second layer of basic cellular body 2 Is 0-60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane of the second layer of basic cell body and the X axis 2 Is 0-60 degrees, and the hole ribs d of the second layer of basic cell bodies 2 Is 0.6-1.5mm, the outermost hole ribs of the second layer of basic cell bodies need to fall on the innermost hole ribs of the first layer of basic cell bodies, and the number n of the second layer of basic cell bodies is arrayed along the length, width and height directions 4 、n 5 、n 6 The number of the active ingredients is 1-12, 6-75 and 6-75 respectively.
Example 1
Step one, determining a first layer of basic cell body framework model of a gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, wherein as shown in figure 1, a porous framework unit is of a regular hexahedron structure, the cross section of a pore rib of the porous framework is a round hole, and the framework is a cuboid. Wherein H =34mm 1 ＝17mm，L＝55mm，W＝45mm，H 2 ＝17mm，a 1 Is 8mm, theta 1 Is 45 DEG, beta 1 Is 45 DEG, d 1 Is 1.5mm.
Step two, constructing a first layer of geometric model of a gradual change three-dimensional spatial pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, and respectively arraying n the first layer of basic cell body framework model along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction 1 、n 2 、n 3 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 2, 6 and 5 respectively, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
Step three, constructing a gradually-increasing burner for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heaterBecome three-dimensional space hole skeleton's second layer basis cell body frame model, second layer basis cell body frame model is the same with first layer basis cell body frame model, as shown in fig. 4, and this structure porous skeleton unit is regular hexahedron structure, and porous skeleton hole muscle cross-section is the round hole, and the skeleton is the cuboid. The side length a of the second layer basic cell body frame model 2 5.4mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane and the Z axis 2 Is 45 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane and the X axis 2 Is 45 degrees, kong Jin d 2 Is 1.2mm. And the outermost hole rib of the second layer of basic cell body model is required to fall on the innermost hole rib of the first layer of basic cell body frame model.
Step four, constructing a second layer of geometric model of the gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, and respectively arraying the second layer of basic cell element framework model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction to form an n array 4 、n 5 、n 6 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 4 、n 5 、n 6 3, 9 and 8 respectively, as shown in figures 2 and 3.
Step five, introducing the geometric model into a 3D printer, premixing 90wt% SiC powder and 10wt% carbon black powder, then granulating into 3-5um particles, adding 12wt% epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, introducing into a printer bin, printing a gradually-changed porous material at 60 ℃ by using a 3D printer, and carrying out heat treatment on the printed gradually-changed porous material at 1500 ℃ to obtain the gradually-changed porous medium material for the gas water heater.
Through detection, the porosity of the gradually-changed porous medium material for the gas water heater prepared by the invention is 95.6%, and the combustion strength can reach 1.5kw/m 3 ，NO x The average concentration value is 5.6ppm, the average CO concentration value is 261.5ppm, and the service life of the cold-heat cycle at 1200 ℃ is more than or equal to 2000 times.
Example 2
Step one, determining a first layer of basic cell body frame model of a gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, as shown in figure 1, wherein a porous framework unit is of a regular hexahedron structure, the cross section of a pore rib of the porous framework is a round hole, the framework is a cuboid,wherein H =50mm, H is taken out 1 ＝32mm，L＝300mm，W＝00mm，H 2 ＝18mm，a 1 Is 4mm, theta 1 Is 0 DEG, beta 1 Is 0 DEG, d 1 Is 0.6mm.
Step two, constructing a first layer of geometric model of a gradual change three-dimensional spatial pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, and respectively arraying n the first layer of basic cell body framework model along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction 1 、n 2 、n 3 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 4, 53 and 37 respectively, as shown in figures 2 and 3.
And step three, constructing a second layer of basic cellular element frame model of the gradual-change three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, wherein the second layer of basic cellular element frame model is the same as the first layer of basic cellular element frame model, as shown in fig. 4, the porous framework unit of the structure is of a regular hexahedron structure, the cross section of pore ribs of the porous framework is a circular hole, and the framework is a cuboid. The side length a of the second layer basic cell body frame model 2 2.8mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane and the Z axis 2 Is 0 degree, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane and the X axis 2 Is 0 degree, kong Jin d 2 Is 0.6mm. And the outermost hole rib of the second layer of basic cell body model is required to fall on the innermost hole rib of the first layer of basic cell body frame model.
Step four, constructing a second layer geometric model of the gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, and arraying n the second layer basic cell element frame model along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction respectively 4 、n 5 、n 6 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 4 、n 5 、n 6 3, 75 and 53 respectively, as shown in figures 2 and 3.
And fifthly, introducing the geometric model into a 3D printer, granulating mullite powder into 3-5um particles, adding 12wt% of epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, introducing into a printer bin, printing the gradient porous material at 60 ℃ by using the 3D printer, and carrying out heat treatment on the printed gradient porous material at 1400 ℃ to obtain the gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater.
Through detection, the porosity of the graded porous medium material for the gas water heater prepared by the invention is 98.7%, and the combustion strength can reach 1.5kw/m 3 ，NO x The average concentration value is 1.4ppm, the average CO concentration value is 278.2ppm, and the service life of the cold-heat cycle is more than or equal to 2000 times at the service temperature of 1200 ℃.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a first layer of basic cell body framework model of a gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, wherein a porous framework unit is of a regular hexahedron structure, the cross section of a pore rib of the porous framework is a round hole, and the framework is a cuboid. Wherein H =45mm 1 ＝24mm，L＝21mm，W＝300mm，H 2 ＝21mm，a 1 Is 4mm, theta 1 Is 0 DEG, beta 1 Is 0 DEG, d 1 Is 0.7mm.
Step two, constructing a first layer of geometric model of a gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, and respectively arraying n the first layer of basic cellular element frame model along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction 1 、n 2 、n 3 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 3, 53 and 35 respectively.
And step three, constructing a second layer of basic cell body framework model of the gradually-changed three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, wherein the second layer of basic cell body framework model is the same as the first layer of basic cell body framework model, the porous framework units are of a regular hexahedron structure, the cross section of the pore ribs of the porous framework is a round hole, and the framework is a cuboid. The side length a of the second layer basic cell body frame model 2 Is 3.5, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane and the Z axis 2 Is 0-60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane and the X axis is 2 0-60 degrees, and hole ribs d of basic cell bodies 2 Is 0.6mm. And the outermost hole rib of the second layer of basic cellular body is required to fall on the innermost hole rib of the first layer of basic cellular body frame model.
Step four, constructing a gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heaterThe second layer of basic cell body frame model is arrayed n along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction respectively 4 、n 5 、n 6 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 4 、n 5 、n 6 3, 61 and 40 respectively.
And fifthly, introducing the geometric model into a 3D printer, granulating the alumina powder into 3-5um particles, adding 12wt% of epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, introducing into a printer bin, printing out the gradient porous material at 60 ℃ by using the 3D printer, and carrying out heat treatment on the printed gradient porous material at 1600 ℃ to obtain the gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater.
Through detection, the porosity of the graded porous medium material for the gas water heater prepared by the invention is 98.6%, and the combustion strength can reach 1.19kw/m 3 ，NO x The average concentration value is 1.1ppm, the average CO concentration value is 181.5ppm, and the service life of the cold-hot circulation at the service temperature of 1200 ℃ is more than or equal to 2000 times.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a first layer of basic cellular body framework model of a gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, wherein a porous framework unit is of a regular octahedral structure, the cross section of a pore rib of the porous framework is a round hole, and the framework is a cylinder. Wherein H =70mm 1 ＝30mm，L＝100mm，W＝160mm，H 2 ＝40mm，a 1 Is 8mm, theta 1 Is 60 DEG, beta 1 Is 0 DEG, d 1 Is 0.8mm.
Step two, constructing a first layer of geometric model of a gradual change three-dimensional spatial pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, and respectively arraying n the first layer of basic cell body framework model along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction 1 、n 2 、n 3 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 2, 9 and 10 respectively.
Step three, constructing a second layer of basic cellular element structure of the gradual change three-dimensional spatial hole framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, wherein a second layer of basic cellular element frame model and a first layer of basic cellular element frame model are adoptedThe porous framework unit is of a regular octahedral structure, the cross section of a porous framework pore rib is a circular hole, and the framework is a cylinder. The side length a of the second layer basic cell body structure 2 Is 7mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the Z axis 2 Is 60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the X axis 2 60 degrees, hole ribs d of the basic cell body 2 Is 0.7mm. And the outermost hole ribs of the second layer of basic cell bodies need to fall on the innermost hole ribs of the first layer of basic cell bodies.
Step four, constructing a second layer of geometric model of the gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, and respectively arraying the second layer of basic cell element framework model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction to form an n array 4 、n 5 、n 6 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 4 、n 5 、n 6 3, 10 and 12 respectively.
And step five, introducing the geometric model into a 3D printer, granulating zirconia powder into 3-5um particles, adding 12wt% of epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, introducing into a printer bin, printing out the gradient porous material at 60 ℃ by using the 3D printer, and carrying out heat treatment on the printed gradient porous material at 1600 ℃ to obtain the gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater.
Through detection, the porosity of the gradually-changed porous medium material for the gas water heater prepared by the invention is 95.3%, and the combustion strength can reach 1.19kw/m 3 ，NO x The average concentration value is 3.5ppm, the average CO concentration value is 203.8ppm, and the service life of the cold-hot circulation at the service temperature of 1200 ℃ is more than or equal to 2000 times.
Example 5
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, constructing a first layer of basic cellular element framework model of a gradient three-dimensional space pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, wherein a porous framework unit is of a regular dodecahedron structure, the cross section of a pore rib of the porous framework is a circular hole, and the framework is a cuboid. Wherein H =30mm 1 ＝16mm，L＝50mm，W＝50mm，H 2 ＝14mm，a 1 Is 8mm, theta 1 Is 0 DEG, beta 1 Is 0 DEG, d 1 Is 0.8mm.
Step (ii) of2. Constructing a first layer of geometric model of a gradual change three-dimensional spatial pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, and respectively arraying n the first layer of basic cell body framework model along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction 1 、n 2 、n 3 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 Respectively 1, 4 and 3.
And step three, constructing a second layer of basic cell body framework model of the gradual change three-dimensional space hole framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, wherein the second layer of basic cell body framework model is the same as the first layer of basic cell body framework model, the porous framework unit is of a regular dodecahedron structure, the cross section of a porous framework hole rib is a round hole, and the framework is a cuboid. The side length a of the second layer basic cell body structure 2 6.5mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the Z axis 2 Is 0 degree, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the X axis 2 0 degree, hole rib d of basic cell body 2 Is 0.7mm. And the outermost hole ribs of the second layer of basic cell bodies need to fall on the innermost hole ribs of the first layer of basic cell bodies.
Step four, constructing a second layer of geometric model of the gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, and respectively arraying the second layer of basic cell element framework model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction to form an n array 4 、n 5 、n 6 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 4 、n 5 、n 6 Respectively 1, 5 and 4.
And step five, introducing the geometric model into a 3D printer, premixing 90wt% SiC powder and 10wt% carbon black powder, granulating into 3-5um particles, adding 12wt% epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, introducing into a printer bin, printing the gradually-changed porous material at 60 ℃ by using the 3D printer, and carrying out heat treatment on the printed gradually-changed porous material at 1500 ℃ to obtain the gradually-changed porous medium material for the gas water heater.
Through detection, the porosity of the graded porous medium material for the gas water heater prepared by the invention is 94.1%, and the combustion strength can reach 1.08kw/m 3 ，NO x The average concentration was 4.2ppm, CO concentrationThe average value is 291.4ppm, and the service life of the cold-hot circulation at the service temperature of 1200 ℃ is more than or equal to 2000 times.
Example 6
Step one, constructing a first layer of basic cell body framework model of a gradual change three-dimensional space hole framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, wherein a porous framework unit is of a regular tetrakaidecahedron structure, the cross section of a hole rib of the porous framework is a round hole, and the framework is a cylinder. Wherein H =50mm, H 1 ＝25mm，L＝300mm，W＝300mm，H 2 ＝25mm，a 1 Is 6.5mm, theta 1 Is 60 DEG, beta 1 Is 60 DEG, d 1 Is 0.6mm.
Step two, constructing a first layer of geometric model of a gradual change three-dimensional spatial pore framework for a porous medium burner combustion device for a gas water heater, and respectively arraying n the first layer of basic cell body framework model along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction 1 、n 2 、n 3 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 1 、n 2 、n 3 2, 33 and 24 respectively.
And step three, constructing a second layer of basic cellular element framework model of the gradually-changed three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, wherein the second layer of basic cellular element framework model is the same as the first layer of basic cellular element framework model, the porous framework unit is of a regular fourteen-face structure, the cross section of a pore rib of the porous framework is a round hole, and the framework is a cylinder. The side length a of the second layer basic cell unit structure 2 6.5mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the Z axis 2 Is 60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane of the basic cell body and the X axis 2 60 degrees, and the hole rib d of the basic cell body 2 Is 0.6mm. And the outermost hole ribs of the second layer of basic cell bodies need to fall on the innermost hole ribs of the first layer of basic cell bodies.
Step four, constructing a second layer of geometric model of the gradual change three-dimensional space pore framework for the porous medium burner combustion device for the gas water heater, and respectively arraying the second layer of basic cell element framework model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction to form an n array 4 、n 5 、n 6 And (4) respectively. Wherein n is 4 、n 5 、n 6 2, 33 and 24 respectively.
And step five, introducing the geometric model into a 3D printer, premixing 95wt% SiC powder and 5wt% carbon black powder, granulating into 3-5um particles, adding 12wt% epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, introducing into a printer bin, printing the gradient porous material at 60 ℃ by using the 3D printer, and carrying out heat treatment on the printed gradient porous material at 1500 ℃ to obtain the gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater.
Through detection, the porosity of the graded porous medium material for the gas water heater prepared by the invention is 97.7%, and the combustion strength can reach 1.46kw/m 3 ，NO x The average concentration value is 3.8ppm, the average CO concentration value is 275.9ppm, and the service life of the cold-heat cycle at 1200 ℃ is more than or equal to 2000 times.
Examples 7 to 12
Examples 7 to 12 correspond to examples 1 to 6, respectively, except that after the geometric model was obtained in each example, a porous template was printed using a 3d printer using one of photosensitive resin, polyurethane, and polyvinyl alcohol at 50 to 70 ℃, and then the surface of the porous template was coated with Al 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 And after one of the materials such as mullite and the like is subjected to heat treatment at 1400-1600 ℃, the gradually-changed porous medium material for the gas water heater of the burner is obtained. Through detection, the combustion strength of the graded porous medium material for each gas water heater can reach 1.2kw/m 3 Above, NO x The concentration is less than or equal to 10ppm, the concentration of CO is less than or equal to 50ppm, and the service life of the cold-heat cycle at the service temperature of 1200 ℃ is more than or equal to 2000 times.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1a) Constructing a first layer of basic cell body framework model of the gradual change three-dimensional space hole framework model;
1b) Respectively arraying the first layer of basic cell element frame model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction of the combustor device to form an array n 1 、n 2 、n 3 Obtaining a first layer geometric model;
1c) Constructing a second layer of basic cellular element framework model of the gradient three-dimensional spatial hole framework model on the upper end face of the first layer of geometric model, and superposing layers of hole rib models on the lower end face of the second layer of basic cellular element framework model in parallel to layers of hole rib models on the upper end face of the first layer of geometric model;
1d) Arraying the second layer of basic cell body frame model in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction of the combustor device respectively 4 、n 5 、n 6 Obtaining a second layer geometric model;
h is the height of the burner from 20 to 50mm and the height H of the first layer geometric model 1 10-25mm, the length L of the burner is 50-300mm, the width W of the burner is 50-300mm, and the height H of the geometric model of the second layer 2 10-25mm;
the side length a of the first layer of basic cell body frame model 1 Is 4-8mm, and the included angle theta between the meridian plane and the Z axis 1 Is 0-60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the noon surface and the X axis 1 0-60 degrees and hole ribs d 1 0.6-1.5mm;
the side length a of the second layer basic cell body frame model 2 Is (a) 1 -2d 1 ）- a 1 Angle theta between meridian plane and Z axis 2 Is 0-60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the meridian plane and the X axis 2 0-60 degrees and hole ribs d 2 0.6-1.5mm;
2) Introducing the gradient three-dimensional space hole skeleton model obtained in the step 1) into 3D printing equipment, and then performing 3D printing by adopting a printing material used in a direct printing method to prepare a gradient three-dimensional space hole skeleton to be sintered in the direct printing method; or 3D printing is carried out by adopting a printing material used by a template printing method to prepare a middle gradient three-dimensional space pore framework, and then a sintering material is coated on the middle gradient three-dimensional space pore framework to obtain a gradient three-dimensional space pore framework to be sintered by the template printing method;
3) Sintering and curing the gradient three-dimensional space pore framework to be sintered by the direct printing method obtained in the step 2) to obtain a gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater; or sintering and forming the gradient three-dimensional pore framework to be sintered by the template printing method obtained in the step 2) to obtain the gradient porous medium material for the gas water heater.
2. The method for preparing a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), each prepared gradient three-dimensional space pore skeleton at least comprises a first layer of geometric framework (1) and a second layer of geometric framework (2), wherein the first layer of geometric framework (1) is formed by arraying a first layer of basic cell body framework structures (101) in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction respectively 1 、n 2 、n 3 The second layer of geometric framework (2) is formed by arraying a second layer of basic cell body framework structures (201) along the length direction, the width direction and the height direction respectively 4 、n 5 、n 6 And the second layer of geometric framework (2) and the first layer of geometric framework (1) are arranged in parallel up and down, and the layer where each hole rib on the upper end surface of the first layer of geometric framework (1) is positioned is in common with the layer where each hole rib on the lower end surface of the second layer of geometric framework (2) is positioned.
3. The method for preparing a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: first layer basic cell body frame construction (101) are the regular polyhedron frame construction of constituteing by the hole muscle structure, and second layer basic cell body frame construction (201) are the regular polyhedron frame construction of constituteing by the hole muscle structure, the shape of first layer basic cell body frame construction (101) with the shape of second layer basic cell body frame construction (201) is the same or different.
4. A graded porous medium material for a gas water heater prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The graded porous medium material for the gas water heater according to claim 4, wherein:
the shape of the first layer of basic cell body frame structure (101) is the same as that of the second layer of basic cell body frame structure (201);
the cross sections of the hole rib structures of the first layer of basic cell body frame structure (101) and the second layer of basic cell body frame structure (201) are circular respectively.
6. The graded porous medium material for gas water heater as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the first layer of basic cell element frame structure (101) and the second layer of basic cell element frame structure (201) are both regular hexahedron frame structures.
7. Use of a graded porous medium material for a gas water heater according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: the method is used for manufacturing the porous medium burner.
8. A gas water heater, includes combustor, its characterized in that: the burner is the porous medium burner of claim 7.
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