CN114737581A - Construction method and protection system for excavating deep cutting close to railway business line - Google Patents
Construction method and protection system for excavating deep cutting close to railway business line Download PDFInfo
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- CN114737581A CN114737581A CN202210663711.1A CN202210663711A CN114737581A CN 114737581 A CN114737581 A CN 114737581A CN 202210663711 A CN202210663711 A CN 202210663711A CN 114737581 A CN114737581 A CN 114737581A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
- E01F7/045—Devices specially adapted for protecting against falling rocks, e.g. galleries, nets, rock traps
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method and a protection system for excavating deep cutting close to a railway business line, which relate to the technical field of high-speed railway deep cutting construction, and the construction method comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively building a side slope low and low section protection system in a side slope low and low section excavated near a railway business line, and building a side slope high and steep section protection system in a side slope high and steep section excavated near the railway business line; after the slope low and low section protection system and the slope high and steep section protection system are established, excavating stone blocking channels step by step; after the stone blocking channel is excavated and formed, high and low section cutting is excavated layer by layer step by step, and the cutting is excavated in the stone blocking channel from two sides of the stone blocking channel during excavation of each layer of cutting. The construction method of the invention is convenient for on-site construction operation, meets the requirements of various safety protection grades, enables the normal operation of the existing railway business line not to be influenced, improves the construction safety, accelerates the construction period, reduces the cost and has obvious economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed railway deep cutting construction, in particular to a construction method and a protection system for deep cutting excavation near a railway business line.
Background
With the construction of the highway network with the largest scale and the highest modernization level in the world in China, the construction technology of the highway engineering which is suitable for the complicated and changeable geological and topographic conditions in China is gradually developed and perfected. In a continuously constructed high-speed rail project, the parallel, overpass and underrun relation between a newly-built high-speed rail line and an existing railway business line is not lacked, and the problems of high construction difficulty, high safety risk and the like exist in the deep cutting construction of the newly-built high-speed railway parallel to the existing railway business line in some mountainous areas.
Due to poor geological conditions, broken rock masses, severe weathering, joint crack development, adverse geological conditions of slope bedding and the like in mountainous areas, slope collapse and landslide are easy to occur during excavation, and great influence is extremely easy to be caused on the safe operation of the existing railway business line. The excavation construction of the deep cutting of the newly-built high-speed railway needs to ensure the safe operation of the existing railway business line and the quality and progress of the excavation construction of the deep cutting, wherein the main influencing factors are complex geology and topographic conditions, an excavation protection system and a construction method. Therefore, how to reduce the safety risk of the existing railway business line in the excavation construction of the deep cutting of the newly-built high-speed railway, and how to correctly select the form of the protection system and the excavation construction mode are the important concerns of engineering technicians.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems that when a newly-built high-speed railway work point is a deep cutting, existing railway business lines parallel to the newly-built high-speed railway work point are distributed on two sides of the newly-built line, and in deep cutting excavation construction, because the existing railway business lines are too close to each other, dangerous rock falling rocks generated by excavation enter the existing railway business lines due to improper protection system types and improper construction methods, so that safety accidents occur, and construction can only be carried out in skylight time if the protection system is improperly set and the construction method is not perfect, so that construction progress and efficiency are influenced. The effective and feasible near-railway business line deep cutting excavation construction method and the protection system are provided, the safety risk can be reduced, the construction efficiency can be improved, and the construction period can be shortened.
The invention is realized in this way, a construction method for excavating deep cutting close to a railway business line comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively excavating low and low sections of the side slope near the railway business line to establish a protection system for the low and low sections of the side slope, and excavating high and steep sections of the side slope near the railway business line to establish a protection system for the high and steep sections of the side slope;
the side slope low and low section protection system is characterized in that a protection steel frame and a reinforcing mesh are installed on the slope surface of a low section step by step, the foundation at the bottom of the protection steel frame is anchored into a rock-soil body, and the reinforcing mesh is installed on the side, close to the slope surface, of the protection steel frame; the protection system for the high and steep sections of the side slope adopts steel wire rope net circulating net hanging protection, the upper part of the steel wire rope net is fixed on a top anchor rod through a rope clamp, the top anchor rod is anchored into the top of the rock-soil body, the lower part of the steel wire rope net is fixed on a bottom anchor rod through the rope clamp, and the bottom anchor rod is anchored into the bottom of the rock-soil body;
s2, after the side slope low and low section protection system and the side slope high and steep section protection system are built, excavating stone blocking channels step by step;
s3, excavating and forming the stone blocking channels, excavating high and low section cutting step by step in a layered mode, and excavating in the stone blocking channels from two sides of each layer of cutting when each layer of cutting is excavated;
when a high and steep section of the side slope is excavated, stopping excavating when the excavation depth reaches the bottom of the top anchor rod anchored in the first stage; anchoring a second-stage top anchor rod, removing the first-stage anchored top anchor rod, fixing the upper part of the steel wire rope net on the second-stage top anchor rod through a rope clamp again, and stopping excavation when the excavation depth reaches the bottom of the second-stage anchored top anchor rod; and repeating the steps of circularly anchoring the next top anchor rod and dismantling the top anchor rod anchored by the current stage, and circularly hanging the net until the excavation of the high and steep section of the whole side slope is finished.
Preferably, the thickness of each layer is kept consistent when the high and steep sections and the low and steep sections are excavated in a layered mode; the thickness h of each layer of the excavated rock-soil body and the width L of the stone blocking channel are determined by the following formulas:
in the formula: w is the weight of the rock-soil mass in unit volume and the unit is kilonewton per cubic meter; alpha is the slope inclination angle, and the unit is DEG;
the internal friction angle of the rock-soil body is represented by degree; c is the cohesive force of rock and soil mass, unitIs kilonewtons per square meter;
preferably, the height h of the exposed slope of the protective steel frame1Greater than or equal to the thickness h of each layer of excavated rock-soil mass and the height h of exposed slope1And depth of embedding h2The ratio of (A) to (B) is less than or equal to 2; the space S between two adjacent protective steel frames in the direction perpendicular to the newly-built high-speed rail line is kept consistent, and the space S = h1And/n, wherein n is the slope rate of the low side slope.
Preferably, when the circulating net hanging protection is carried out, the distance between the anchor rods at the top of the anchoring part and the rock-soil body is kept consistent along the direction of the newly-built high-speed rail line.
Preferably, the excavation mode of the low and low sections of the side slope and the high and steep sections of the side slope is determined according to the lithology of the cutting rock stratum, the splitter and the breaking hammer are adopted for mechanical breaking excavation when the rock stratum is hard rock, and conventional machinery is adopted to combine with manual excavation when the rock stratum is weathered soft rock, so that blasting excavation is avoided.
Preferably, the rock blocking channel is arranged at the lowest point of the excavated section, rock and soil mass excavation lines which are led to two sides of the rock blocking channel in the direction are kept at a gradient of 4%, and the rock and soil masses are gathered in the rock blocking channel and then are timely cleared to an adjacent spoil area.
Further preferably, when the stone blocking channels of each stage are arranged, the rightmost edge position of the stone blocking channel of the next stage corresponds to the center position of the stone blocking channel of the previous stage.
Preferably, manual surface cleaning is performed before the reinforcing mesh, the protective steel frame, the steel wire rope mesh and the top anchor rod are installed, and a working surface is provided for next construction.
Preferably, the anchoring force of the top anchor rod is greater than the gravity generated by the steel wire rope net, the height of the top anchor rod hanging out of the ground is greater than or equal to the maximum particle size of a rock-soil body generated after excavation, the anchoring depth of the top anchor rod is greater than 2 times of the thickness of layered excavation, and the distance between two adjacent levels of top anchor rods in the direction perpendicular to the newly-built high-speed rail line is determined by combining the slope of a high and steep slope under the condition that the anchoring depth of the top anchor rod is greater than 2 times of the thickness of the layered excavation; and cement mortar is poured after the bottom anchor rod is anchored into the rock-soil body, so that the pulling resistance of the bottom anchor rod reaches the designed value.
A near railway business line deep cutting excavation protection system comprises a side slope low and low section protection system, a side slope high and steep section protection system and a stone blocking channel protection system, wherein the side slope low and low section protection system is arranged at a near railway business line excavation side slope low and low section, the side slope high and steep section protection system is arranged at a near railway business line excavation side slope high and steep section, and the stone blocking channel protection system is arranged between the excavation side slope low and low section and an excavation side slope high and steep section;
the side slope low section protection system comprises a steel bar mesh and a protection steel frame, wherein the steel bar mesh is fixed on one side, close to the slope, of the protection steel frame, the protection steel frame is arranged on the whole slope of the side slope low section in a grading manner, and the distance between two adjacent protection steel frames is the same;
the side slope high and steep section protection system comprises a steel wire rope net, a top anchor rod and a bottom anchor rod, wherein the top anchor rod is anchored at the top of a rock-soil body of the side slope high and steep section, the bottom anchor rod is anchored at the bottom of the rock-soil body of the side slope high and steep section, and the upper end and the lower end of the steel wire rope net are respectively connected with the top anchor rod and the bottom anchor rod;
the stone blocking channel protection system comprises a rectangular stone blocking channel.
Preferably, the protection steelframe includes transverse bar, longitudinal rod and bridging rod, transverse bar, longitudinal rod and bridging rod are H shaped steel, the bridging rod is the cross and arranges the node of connecting at transverse bar and longitudinal rod, has improved the overall stability of protection steelframe, and the reinforcing bar net that the protection steelframe inboard set up blocks the effect that plays the buffering when rolling the lump stone.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
according to the invention, the slope low section protection system is arranged at the slope low section of the existing railway business line, and the reinforcing mesh and the protection steel frame are installed, so that the protection steel frame foundation enters the rock-soil body; the slope high and steep section protection system is arranged at the slope high and steep section of the existing railway business line, the steel wire rope net is adopted for cyclic net hanging protection, the top anchor rod is anchored into the rock-soil body before net hanging every time, the safety accidents caused by dangerous rock falling and loose rock-soil body entering the existing railway business line are effectively prevented, and the construction and operation safety is ensured; set up stone blocking channel protection system during through layering excavation cutting afterwards, excavate to the channel by the channel both sides with certain excavation line slope and excavation thickness when carrying out every grade of excavation, make the rolling direction of soil stone have the certainty, personnel's excavation operation has the directionality, further guarantee the work progress and have security and regularity, stone blocking channel also is the drainage system of preventing temporarily simultaneously, the precipitation that will produce during the construction discharges the place, avoid producing adverse effect to the construction. Meanwhile, the construction method is convenient for field construction operation and meets the requirements of various safety protection grades. The invention ensures that the normal operation of the existing railway business line is not influenced, improves the construction safety, accelerates the construction period, reduces the cost and has obvious economic benefit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method of a deep cutting excavation protection system close to a railway business line in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a construction area according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a system for protecting a low section of a slope according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural layout of the protective steel frame of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a protection system for high and steep slope sections in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cyclic screening protection of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the wire mesh-bottom anchor connection of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a wire rope mesh-rope clamp connection according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a wire rope net according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a reinforcing mesh; 2. protecting a steel frame; 21. a transverse bar; 22. a longitudinal rod; 23. a scissor brace rod; 3. a wire rope mesh; 31. a support line; 4. a top anchor rod; 5. a bottom anchor rod; 6. a stone blocking channel; 7. and (6) rope clamping.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides an excavation protection system for deep cutting near a railway business line, which includes a slope low and low section protection system, a slope high and steep section protection system and a stone blocking channel protection system, wherein the slope low and low section protection system is disposed in an excavation slope low and low section near the railway business line, the slope high and steep section protection system is disposed in an excavation slope high and steep section near the railway business line, and the stone blocking channel protection system is disposed between the excavation slope low and low section and the excavation slope high and steep section.
The side slope low section protection system comprises a steel mesh 1 and protection steel frames 2, wherein the steel mesh 1 is fixed on one side, close to a slope, of the protection steel frames 2, the protection steel frames 2 are arranged on the whole slope of the side slope low section in a grading manner, and the distances between the two adjacent protection steel frames 2 are the same; protection steelframe 2 includes transverse bar 21, longitudinal rod 22 and bridging rod 23, transverse bar 21, longitudinal rod 22 and bridging rod 23 are H shaped steel, bridging rod 23 is the cross and arranges the node of connecting at transverse bar 21 and longitudinal rod 22, has improved the overall stability of protection steelframe 2, and the reinforcing bar net 1 of the inboard setting of protection steelframe blocks and plays the effect of buffering during the stone that rolls.
The side slope high and steep section protection system comprises a steel wire rope net 3, a top anchor rod 4 and a bottom anchor rod 5, wherein the top anchor rod 4 is anchored at the top of a rock and soil body of the side slope high and steep section, the bottom anchor rod 5 is anchored at the bottom of the rock and soil body of the side slope high and steep section, and the upper end and the lower end of the steel wire rope net 3 are respectively connected with the top anchor rod 4 and the bottom anchor rod 5.
The stone blocking channel protection system comprises a rectangular stone blocking channel 6.
The construction method for excavating the deep cutting close to the railway business line comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, respectively excavating side slope low and low sections to establish side slope low and low section protection systems in the vicinity of a railway business line, and excavating side slope high and steep sections to establish side slope high and steep section protection systems in the vicinity of the railway business line;
the side slope low and short section protection system is characterized in that a protection steel frame 2 and a reinforcing mesh 1 are installed on the slope surface of a low and short section step by step, the foundation at the bottom of the protection steel frame 2 is anchored into a rock-soil body, and the reinforcing mesh 1 is installed on the side, close to the slope surface, of the protection steel frame 2; the high and steep section protection system of side slope is for adopting 3 circulation string net protections of wire rope net, and 3 upper portions of wire rope net are fixed on top stock 4 through the rope clip, and top stock 4 anchors into ground body top, and 3 lower parts of wire rope net are fixed on bottom stock 5 through the rope clip, and bottom stock 5 anchors into ground body bottom.
S2, after the side slope low and low section protection system and the side slope high and steep section protection system are built, excavating a stone blocking channel 6 step by step;
the stone blocking channels 6 are arranged at the lowest points of the excavated sections, and when the stone blocking channels 6 at all levels are arranged, the edge position of the rightmost side of the stone blocking channel 6 at the next level corresponds to the center position of the stone blocking channel 6 at the previous level. The step-by-step layered excavation has operability and direction certainty, randomness and blindness in the process of avoiding paying off the position of the stone blocking channel 6 are avoided, construction efficiency is improved, and reworking caused by the fact that the position of the stone blocking channel 6 is not appropriate is avoided.
S3, after the stone blocking channel 6 is excavated and formed, high and low section cutting is excavated step by step in a layered mode, and each layer of cutting is excavated from two sides of the channel to the inside of the channel;
when a high and steep section of the side slope is excavated, when the excavation depth reaches the bottom of the top anchor rod 4 anchored in the first stage, the excavation is stopped; anchoring the second-stage top anchor rod 4, removing the first-stage anchored top anchor rod 4, fixing the upper part of the steel wire rope net 3 on the second-stage top anchor rod 4 through a rope clamp again, and stopping excavation when the excavation depth reaches the bottom of the second-stage anchored top anchor rod 4; and by analogy, circularly anchoring the next-stage top anchor rod 4 and dismantling the top anchor rod 4 anchored by the current stage, and circularly hanging the net until the excavation of the high and steep section of the whole side slope is finished.
Specifically, manual surface cleaning is performed before the installation of the reinforcing mesh 1, the protective steel frame 2, the steel wire mesh 3 and the top anchor rod 4, and a working surface is provided for next construction.
The thickness h of each layer of the excavated rock-soil body and the width L of the stone blocking channel 6 are determined by the following formulas:
in the formula: w is the weight of the rock-soil mass in unit volume and the unit is kilonewton per cubic meter; alpha is the slope inclination angle, and the unit is degree;
the internal friction angle of the rock-soil body is represented by degree; c is the cohesive force of the rock and soil mass, and the unit is kilonewton per square meter;
when the high and steep sections and the low and steep sections are excavated in a layered mode, the thickness of each layer is kept consistent, the purpose is to ensure that construction team work has a standardized flow, the construction process is standard and standard, the construction safety coefficient is improved, the safety problem caused by construction randomness and randomness is reduced, and the stability of rock and soil bodies in the excavation process is ensured. The final thickness of the high and steep sections and the final thickness of the low and steep sections during the layered excavation are respectively calculated according to the formula (1) to obtain the maximum value of the excavation thickness of the high and steep sections and the maximum value of the excavation thickness of the low and steep sections, and then the minimum value of the two maximum values is selected. The final width of the stone blocking channel 6 is the maximum value of the stone blocking channel width of the high and steep sections and the maximum value of the stone blocking channel width of the low and steep sections which are respectively calculated according to the formula (2), and then the minimum value of the two maximum values is selected.
During layered excavation, the rock-soil body excavation lines on two sides in the direction of the stone blocking channel 6 keep 4% of gradient, and the rock-soil bodies are gathered in the stone blocking channel 6 and then are timely cleared to be close to a waste soil field.
The height h of the exposed slope surface of the protective steel frame 21Thickness h of each layer of excavated rock-soil mass and exposed slope height h1And a depth of embedding h2The ratio of (2) is less than or equal to 2, so that the stability of the protective steel frame 2 is ensured; the space S between two adjacent protective steel frames 2 in the direction perpendicular to the newly-built high-speed rail line is kept consistent, and the space S = h1And n is the slope rate of the low side slope, the protective steel frames 2 are uniformly distributed on the whole slope surface, and the multi-stage protection ensures that the dangerous rock falling stone protection has integrity.
When the circulating net hanging protection is carried out, when the top anchor rod 4 is anchored to enter the rock-soil body, the distance is kept consistent along the direction of the newly-built high-speed rail line, so that the rock-soil body has integral stability during layered excavation; if the top anchor rods 4 are not consistent in distance along the railway line direction, the force borne by local soil bodies is inconsistent, the soil bodies are unstable, and then the sudden collapse is caused.
The anchoring force of the top anchor rod 4 is greater than the gravity generated by the steel wire rope net 3, the height of the top anchor rod 4 hanging out of the ground is greater than or equal to the maximum particle size of a rock-soil body generated after excavation, the anchoring depth of the top anchor rod 4 is greater than 2 times of the layered excavation thickness, so that the top anchor rod 4 can be anchored into the rock-soil body once after two layers of excavation are finished, and the distance between two adjacent levels of top anchor rods 4 in the direction of a newly-built high-speed railway is determined by combining the gradient of a high and steep slope under the condition that the anchoring depth of the top anchor rod 4 is greater than 2 times of the layered excavation thickness; and cement mortar is poured after the bottom anchor rod 5 is anchored into the rock-soil body, so that the connection between the bottom anchor rod 5 and the rock-soil body is enhanced, and the pulling resistance of the bottom anchor rod 5 reaches the design value.
The excavation mode of the low and short sections of the side slope and the high and steep sections of the side slope is determined according to the lithology of the cutting rock stratum, the splitter and the breaking hammer are adopted for mechanical breaking excavation when the rock stratum is hard rock, and conventional machinery is adopted for combining manual excavation when the rock stratum is weathered soft rock, so that blasting excavation is avoided.
In order that the above-described embodiments of the invention may be better understood, further description thereof with reference to specific examples is provided below.
For a newly-built high-speed railway deep cutting project in the southern Anhui region, the length of a work point is 60m, the work point close to the existing business line on the left side of the newly-built high-speed railway is a continuous beam bridge, and the slope of the newly-built line facing to the existing business line on the left side is relatively high and steep; the working point close to the existing business line on the right side of the newly-built high-speed railway is a deep cutting, and the slope of the newly-built line facing the existing business line on the right side is relatively short.
Before construction, a temporary water-proof and drainage system is established and the surface is cleared, a temporary drainage ditch is constructed at the unsmooth drainage outlet of a construction site to introduce surface rainfall into a local natural water system, and meanwhile, dangerous rockfall and tall trees on the surface are cleared out of the construction site to provide a working surface for the next construction.
In the embodiment, the rock-soil body is hard rock and is relatively broken, and the weight of the rock-soil body per unit volume is 19 KN/m3Internal friction angle of rock and soil mass
20 degrees, the cohesive force C of the rock-soil mass is 29 KN/m2The slope rate of the side slope of the low and short sections is 0.577, the inclination angle of the low and short side slopes is 30 degrees, the slope rate of the side slope of the steep and high sections is 0.7, and the inclination angle of the steep and high side slope is 35 degrees. Aiming at a high and steep section, h is less than or equal to 2.10m and L is less than or equal to 6.05m which are respectively calculated according to formulas (1) and (2); h calculated according to the formulas (1) and (2) is less than or equal to 2.46m and L is less than or equal to 8.53m for short sections. Therefore, the thickness of the final high and steep sections and the final low section when the layered excavation is carried out is 2m, and the width of the stone blocking channel 6 is 6 m.
And determining the size, the embedding depth and the vertical line direction interval of the protective steel frame 2 through checking calculation according to the geological conditions and the slope ratio. The height of the protective steel frame 2 is designed to be 3m, the depth of the protective steel frame 2 embedded into a rock stratum is 1m, the exposed slope surface is 2m, and the distance between the protective steel frame and the high-speed rail line is 3 m; protection steelframe 2 is close to domatic one side and arranges reinforcing bar net 1, and reinforcing bar net 1 mesh size is 2cm, and the effect of buffering and energy dissipation is played when the geotechnical body that the roll-down when aiming at making the excavation strikes protection steelframe 2, blocks fine particle geotechnical body simultaneously, according to the experimental revelation of geotechnical body particle, this embodiment job site geotechnical body particle is greater than 2cm and accounts for than 99.5%, therefore the mesh size is 2 cm.
As shown in the layout diagram of the facade structure of the protective steel frame 2: horizontal pole 21, longitudinal rod 22, cross scissors vaulting pole 23 all adopt 100X 100 mm's H shaped steel, and the node is fixed through the welding pattern, and the interval between two adjacent horizontal poles 21 and between two adjacent longitudinal rod 22 is 90cm, sets up the wholeness of cross scissors vaulting pole 23 in order to strengthen protection steelframe 2, and the even transmission of impact force for the rock and soil body that rolls that the excavation produced protects steelframe 2, improves protection factor of safety.
The whole height of the side slope of the high and steep section is 50m, and the area of the steel wire rope net 3 is 4200m2The utility model discloses a concrete pile foundation construction, 3 weight 42KN of wire rope net, because the ground body is broken in addition top stock 4 is the temporary works not slip casting, combines 4 anchor of top stock to go into the degree of depth and is greater than 2 times of layering excavation thickness, and consequently 4 anchor of top stock are gone into the degree of depth and are 5.2m, and 4 line direction intervals 6m of top stock arrange, totally 11 top stock 4, and the gravity demand that wire rope net 3 produced is satisfied in the anchor power of top stock 4. The particle size of rock and soil mass generated by mechanical crushing construction is 0.5m at most, so that the top anchor rod 4 is suspended 0.8m out of the ground and forms an interception system with the steel wire rope net 3 to play a role in intercepting falling rocks, and the distance between the top anchor rod 4 and the direction perpendicular to the line direction is determined to be 3m according to the conditions of the depth of anchoring into the rock and soil mass being 5.2m and the slope rate being 0.7. When the excavation depth reaches the bottom of the top anchor rod 4 anchored in the first stage, stopping excavation; anchoring the second-stage top anchor rod 4, removing the first-stage anchored top anchor rod 4, fixing the upper part of the steel wire rope net 3 on the second-stage top anchor rod 4 through a rope clamp 7 again, and stopping excavation when the excavation depth reaches the bottom of the second-stage anchored top anchor rod 4; and analogizing in turn, circularly anchoring into the next-stage top anchor rod 4 and dismantling the top anchor rod 4 anchored into the current stage, and circularly hanging the net until the excavation of the high and steep section of the whole side slope is completed.
After the top anchor rod 4 is anchored into the rock-soil body for the first time, the slope surface is tightly attached to the steel wire rope net 3, the upper end of the steel wire rope net 3 is integrally connected with the support rope of the top anchor rod 4 and the steel wire rope net 3 through the rope clamp 7, and the lower end of the steel wire rope net 3 is integrally connected with the support rope 31 of the bottom anchor rod 5 and the steel wire rope net 3 through the rope clamp 7.
The bottom anchor rod 5 determines the anchoring depth of 2m according to the stratum condition, the hole diameter of the anchor hole is 50mm, cement mortar is poured after the bottom anchor rod 5 is anchored, the full grouting is ensured, and the grout is supplemented because the stratum is broken. And when the pulling resistance of the bottom anchor rod 5 reaches the designed value of 20KN, the construction of fixing the steel wire rope net 3 is started.
The size of the steel wire rope net 3 is set to be 3m in the side length of each square unit according to the stratum condition, and a steel wire rope with the diameter of 20mm, a transverse supporting rope with the diameter of 16mm and a longitudinal supporting rope are adopted.
Because the ground body is hard rock and more broken, adopt splitter and quartering hammer hierarchical excavation, confirm ground body excavation layering thickness and be 2m, set up step by step and block stone channel 6, block stone channel 6 size dark 2m, be 6m along cross section direction width, next stage blocks 6 rightmost side edge positions of stone channel and corresponds last stage and blocks 6 central point of stone channel and put, excavate to blocking 6 interior excavations of stone channel by blocking 6 both sides of stone channel when carrying out each grade excavation, both sides excavation line slope is 4%.
When the rock-soil mass is excavated, the rock-soil mass is firstly constructed into the rock blocking channel 6, then the rock-soil mass on two sides is excavated, and after the rock-soil mass is gathered in the rock blocking channel 6, the rock-soil mass is cleared and transported to a nearby spoil area.
According to the protection system and the construction method, the steel wire rope net 3 is adopted to circularly hang the net for protection at the relatively high and steep part of the side slope of the existing business line on the left side of the newly-built line surface, and the installation protection steel frame 2 is adopted to protect the relatively low part of the side slope of the existing business line on the right side of the newly-built line surface, so that dangerous rock falling and loose rock-soil bodies generated by excavation are effectively prevented from entering the existing business line, and the construction and operation safety is ensured. The problem that construction can only be carried out in the skylight time is avoided, the construction period is greatly shortened, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A deep cutting excavation construction method near a railway business line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively excavating low and low sections of the side slope near the railway business line to establish a protection system for the low and low sections of the side slope, and excavating high and steep sections of the side slope near the railway business line to establish a protection system for the high and steep sections of the side slope;
the side slope low and low section protection system is characterized in that a protection steel frame and a reinforcing mesh are installed on the slope surface of a low section step by step, the foundation at the bottom of the protection steel frame is anchored into a rock-soil body, and the reinforcing mesh is installed on the side, close to the slope surface, of the protection steel frame; the protection system for the high and steep sections of the side slope adopts steel wire rope net circulating net hanging protection, the upper part of the steel wire rope net is fixed on a top anchor rod through a rope clamp, the top anchor rod is anchored into the top of the rock-soil body, the lower part of the steel wire rope net is fixed on a bottom anchor rod through the rope clamp, and the bottom anchor rod is anchored into the bottom of the rock-soil body;
s2, after the side slope low and low section protection system and the side slope high and steep section protection system are built, excavating stone blocking channels step by step;
s3, excavating and forming the stone blocking channels, excavating high and low section cutting step by step in a layered mode, and excavating in the stone blocking channels from two sides of each layer of cutting when each layer of cutting is excavated;
when a high and steep section of a side slope is excavated, when the excavation depth reaches the bottom of a top anchor rod anchored in the first stage, the excavation is stopped; anchoring a second-stage top anchor rod, removing the first-stage anchored top anchor rod, fixing the upper part of the steel wire rope net on the second-stage top anchor rod through a rope clamp again, and stopping excavation when the excavation depth reaches the bottom of the second-stage anchored top anchor rod; and repeating the steps of circularly anchoring the next top anchor rod and dismantling the top anchor rod anchored by the current stage, and circularly hanging the net until the excavation of the high and steep section of the whole side slope is finished.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of each layer are consistent when the high and steep sections and the low and steep sections are excavated in a layered manner; the thickness h of each layer of the excavated rock-soil body and the width L of the stone blocking channel are determined by the following formulas:
in the formula: w is the weight of the rock-soil mass in unit volume and the unit is kilonewton per cubic meter; alpha is the slope inclination angle, and the unit is degree;
the rock-soil internal friction angle is in degrees; c is the cohesive force of the rock and soil mass, and the unit is kilonewton per square meter;
the rock-soil body excavation lines on two sides in the direction leading to the stone blocking channel keep the gradient of 4%, and the rock-soil bodies are gathered in the stone blocking channel and then are timely cleared and transported to a near waste soil field.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the height h of the exposed slope of the protective steel frame is equal to the height h of the deep cutting excavation near the railway business line1Greater than or equal to the thickness h of each layer of excavated rock-soil mass and the height h of exposed slope1And a depth of embedding h2The ratio of (A) to (B) is less than or equal to 2; the space S between two adjacent protective steel frames in the direction perpendicular to the newly-built high-speed rail line is kept consistent, and the space S = h1And/n, wherein n is the slope rate of the low side slope.
4. The method for excavating and constructing the deep cutting close to the railway business line according to claim 1, wherein during the circular netting protection, when anchoring top anchor rods to enter rock-soil bodies, the distance is kept consistent along the direction of the newly-built high-speed railway; the anchoring force of the top anchor rod is greater than the gravity generated by the steel wire rope net, the height of the top anchor rod hanging out of the ground is greater than or equal to the maximum particle size of a rock-soil body generated after excavation, the anchoring depth of the top anchor rod is greater than 2 times of the layered excavation thickness, and the distance between two adjacent stages of top anchor rods in the direction perpendicular to the newly-built high-speed rail line is determined by combining the gradient of a high and steep slope under the condition that the anchoring depth of the top anchor rod is greater than 2 times of the layered excavation thickness; and cement mortar is poured after the bottom anchor rod is anchored into a rock-soil body, so that the pulling resistance of the bottom anchor rod reaches the designed value.
5. The near-railway business line deep cutting excavation construction method according to claim 1, wherein excavation modes of the low and high sections of the side slope are determined according to lithology of cutting rock strata, the rock strata are mechanically broken and excavated by a splitter and a breaking hammer when being hard rock, and the rock strata are mechanically and manually excavated when being weathered soft rock.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the stone blocking channel is arranged at the lowest point of the excavation section.
7. The method of excavating and constructing a deep cut adjacent to a railway business line according to claim 6, wherein when the barrier rock channels of each stage are arranged, the rightmost edge of the barrier rock channel of the next stage corresponds to the center of the barrier rock channel of the previous stage.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of installing the steel mesh, the protective steel frame, the steel wire mesh and the top anchor rod is performed by manual clearing to provide a working surface for further construction.
9. An excavation protection system for deep cutting near a railway business line by using the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a side slope low and low section protection system, a side slope high and steep section protection system and a stone blocking channel protection system, wherein the side slope low and low section protection system is arranged at an excavation side slope low and low section near the railway business line, the side slope high and steep section protection system is arranged at an excavation side slope high and steep section near the railway business line, and the stone blocking channel protection system is arranged between the excavation side slope low and low section and the excavation side slope high and steep section;
the side slope low section protection system comprises a steel bar mesh and a protection steel frame, wherein the steel bar mesh is fixed on one side, close to the slope, of the protection steel frame, the protection steel frame is arranged on the whole slope of the side slope low section in a grading manner, and the distance between two adjacent protection steel frames is the same;
the side slope high and steep section protection system comprises a steel wire rope net, a top anchor rod and a bottom anchor rod, wherein the top anchor rod is anchored at the top of a rock-soil body of the side slope high and steep section, the bottom anchor rod is anchored at the bottom of the rock-soil body of the side slope high and steep section, and the upper end and the lower end of the steel wire rope net are respectively connected with the top anchor rod and the bottom anchor rod;
the stone blocking channel protection system comprises a rectangular stone blocking channel.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the protection steel frame comprises transverse rods, longitudinal rods and cross braces, the transverse rods, the longitudinal rods and the cross braces are all H-shaped steel, the cross braces are arranged in a cross shape and connected at nodes where the transverse rods and the longitudinal rods are connected, and a reinforcing mesh is arranged on the inner side of the protection steel frame.
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