CN114737087A - Graphene aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Graphene aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, and the graphene aluminum alloy material is specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: less than or equal to 0.11 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of iron, 0.07 to 0.45 percent of copper, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of magnesium, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of boron, 0.25 to 0.85 percent of molybdenum, 0.01 to 0.6 percent of graphene powder, 0.02 to 0.6 percent of rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the maximum total content of iron and silicon is 1.0. The aluminum alloy material provided by the invention takes aluminum as a base, and is added with the trace elements of Cu, Mg, B, Mo, Fe, RGO and RE, the maximum content of Fe and Si is limited through reasonable proportioning, the ideal performance of all properties of the aluminum alloy material is ensured, and the aluminum alloy material has better comprehensive properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a graphene aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum matrix composite has high specific strength and specific rigidity, good high-temperature performance and wear resistance, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Currently, the reinforcements of aluminum matrix composites are mainly classified into particle reinforcements and fiber reinforcements. The fiber reinforcement not only improves the strength of the aluminum matrix, but also improves the plasticity of the aluminum matrix. Carbon nanotubes are an important aluminum-based fiber reinforcement, but the production cost is high, and the potential of further enhancing the performance of aluminum alloy by using the carbon nanotubes is smaller and smaller.
Graphene is a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial, the strength of which is as high as 1.01TPa, which is 100 times that of structural steel, and the density of which is 1/5 times that of the structural steel. Compared with carbon nanotubes, the composite material has larger specific strength, larger specific surface area and lower production cost, and is expected to be the most ideal filler and reinforcement in future composite materials instead of the carbon nanotubes. Therefore, the enhancement of aluminum alloys with graphene is an important breakthrough for further improvement of aluminum matrix composites. The existing graphene aluminum alloy material has the problems of unreasonable selection and proportion of raw material components, low yield in the process and difficulty in large-scale production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a graphene aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the graphene aluminum alloy material is specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
less than or equal to 0.11 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of iron, 0.07 to 0.45 percent of copper, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of magnesium, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of boron, 0.25 to 0.85 percent of molybdenum, 0.01 to 0.6 percent of graphene powder, 0.02 to 0.6 percent of rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the maximum total content of iron and silicon is 1.0.
The rare earth comprises one or more of yttrium, scandium, lanthanum and cerium.
The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the graphene powder in parts by weight for later use;
(2) weighing and mixing the silicon, the iron, the copper, the magnesium, the boron, the molybdenum, the rare earth, the aluminum and the impurities in parts by weight, and preparing the mixture into mixture powder;
(3) placing the mixture powder in the step (2) in a graphitization furnace, uniformly stirring, preheating at 55-80 ℃, raising the temperature to 200-300 ℃ after preheating, and introducing inert gas to protect the atmosphere in the graphitization furnace; heating to 700 ℃ at the temperature of 10-20 ℃/min until the mixture powder is completely melted, adding graphene into the molten liquid, and uniformly stirring;
(4) carrying out constant-temperature casting at 700 ℃, keeping the temperature at 35-40 ℃ per second during casting, and cooling to 170 ℃;
(5) then, quenching treatment was carried out in an ammonia atmosphere at a quenching temperature of 857 ℃ for 35min, and after the quenching was finished, the degree of vacuum was 0.5X 10-2Maintaining the temperature at 1400 ℃ under MPa to obtain a molten body;
(6) finally, preheating the casting mold at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 2-4h, and then pouring the molten body obtained in the step (5) into the preheated casting mold at the vacuum degree of 0.5 multiplied by 10-2Cooling to 100 ℃ under MPa, and cooling to 25 ℃ when the recovery pressure is atmospheric pressure and nitrogen protection is added, thus obtaining the graphene aluminum alloy material.
And (3) the inert gas in the step (3) is any one of nitrogen, argon and neon.
The casting mold was preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours.
The graphene aluminum alloy material has the tensile strength of 130-170 MPa, the elongation rate of not less than 16%, the conductivity of not less than 60% IACS (intrinsic safety control system), and the 0.2% proof stress of not less than 61 MPa.
Preparing the mixture into mixture powder in the step (2), wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: the mixture is put into a melting furnace to be heated and melted into metal melt, the metal melt in the melting furnace flows through a screen or a rotating disc and then falls into a liquid cooling medium to be condensed into small-particle metal, then the small-particle metal and protective gas are added into a sealed vortex crusher to be crushed, powder with the particle size of less than 0.01 micrometer is separated by an air separator, and the coarse particles which do not meet the requirement fall back into the vortex crusher to be crushed.
The invention has the advantages that: the graphene aluminum alloy material provided by the invention takes aluminum as a base, and is added with the trace elements of Cu, Mg, B, Mo, Fe, RGO and RE, the maximum content of Fe and Si is limited through reasonable proportioning, the ideal exertion of all properties of the aluminum alloy material is ensured, and the aluminum alloy material has better comprehensive properties;
the graphene aluminum alloy material has good mechanical property, electronic effect, thermal property, toughness and flexibility, and other suitable rare elements are added, so that the creep resistance of the alloy material is improved;
the method has the advantages of reasonable process steps and high yield, and the processed graphene aluminum alloy material has higher strength and hardness, has the advantages of light weight, wear resistance and good plasticity, has excellent heat dissipation performance, and can be widely applied to various fields.
Detailed Description
The graphene aluminum alloy material is specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
less than or equal to 0.11 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of iron, 0.07 to 0.45 percent of copper, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of magnesium, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of boron, 0.25 to 0.85 percent of molybdenum, 0.01 to 0.6 percent of graphene powder, 0.02 to 0.6 percent of rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the maximum total content of iron and silicon is 1.0.
The rare earth comprises one or more of yttrium, scandium, lanthanum and cerium.
The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the graphene powder in parts by weight for later use;
(2) weighing and mixing the silicon, the iron, the copper, the magnesium, the boron, the molybdenum, the rare earth, the aluminum and the impurities in parts by weight, and preparing the mixture into mixture powder;
(3) placing the mixture powder obtained in the step (2) in a graphitization furnace, uniformly stirring, preheating at 55-80 ℃, raising the temperature to 200-300 ℃ after preheating, and introducing inert gas to protect the atmosphere in the graphitization furnace; heating to 700 ℃ at the temperature of 10-20 ℃/min until the mixture powder is completely melted, adding graphene into the molten liquid, and uniformly stirring;
(4) carrying out constant-temperature casting at 700 ℃, and keeping the speed of 35-40 ℃ per second for cooling to 170 ℃ during casting;
(5) then, quenching treatment was carried out in an ammonia atmosphere at a quenching temperature of 857 ℃ for 35min, and after the quenching was finished, the degree of vacuum was 0.5X 10-2Maintaining the temperature at 1400 ℃ under MPa to obtain a molten body;
(6) finally, the casting mold is set at 300Preheating at 400 ℃ for 2-4h, and then pouring the molten body obtained in step (5) into a preheated casting mold under a vacuum degree of 0.5X 10-2Cooling to 100 ℃ under MPa, and cooling to 25 ℃ when the pressure is recovered to be atmospheric pressure and nitrogen protection is added, thereby obtaining the graphene aluminum alloy material.
The inert gas in the step (3) is any one of nitrogen, argon and neon.
The casting mold was preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours.
The graphene aluminum alloy material has the tensile strength of 130-170 MPa, the elongation rate of not less than 16%, the conductivity of not less than 60% IACS (intrinsic safety control system), and the 0.2% proof stress of not less than 61 MPa.
Preparing the mixture into mixture powder in the step (2), wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: the mixture is put into a melting furnace to be heated and melted into metal melt, the metal melt in the melting furnace flows through a screen or a rotating disc and then falls into a liquid cooling medium to be condensed into small-particle metal, then the small-particle metal and protective gas are added into a sealed vortex crusher to be crushed, powder with the particle size of less than 0.01 micrometer is separated by an air separator, and the coarse particles which do not meet the requirement fall back into the vortex crusher to be crushed.
The graphene aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention finally forms a graphene aluminum alloy rod material through processes such as continuous rolling and the like, and is used for various cable conductors.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of Cu in the aluminum alloy material is 0.11-0.4%.
Cu: the addition of a certain amount of copper element into aluminum has the effect of solid solution strengthening, can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy metal, obviously improve the tensile strength and the yield strength of the alloy metal, improve the electrical conductivity of the alloy metal, stabilize the resistance at high temperature and improve the thermal conductivity to a certain extent. However, improper control of the amount also leads to a decrease in corrosion resistance, and thermal cracking is likely to occur. Therefore, the copper content is as follows by mass percent: 0.07 to 0.45%, preferably: 0.11 to 0.4 percent.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of Mg in the aluminum alloy material is 0.01-0.06%.
Mg: the alloy material contains Mg element, and the magnesium obviously reinforces the aluminum, can improve the tensile strength of the alloy, has good weldability and corrosion resistance, and simultaneously ensures smaller contact resistance under the same interface pressure, so the mass percentage content of the Mg is selected to be 0.004-0.08%, preferably 0.01-0.06%.
In a preferable mode, the mass percentage content of Fe in the aluminum alloy material is 0.15-0.55%; the mass percentage content of Si in the aluminum alloy material is 0.03-0.08%.
Fe. Si: the provided alloy material contains Fe and Si elements, Fe can effectively improve the tensile strength and creep resistance of the alloy material, the influence on resistance is small, when the added iron content is too high, the alloy metal can generate brittleness, the cable conductor processing performance is poor, wire drawing and strand twisting can cause fracture, in addition, silicon (Si) can improve the tensile strength, hardness and strength at high temperature, the content of silicon and iron has obvious influence on the alloy performance, when the content of silicon is more than that of iron, a beta-FeSiAl 3 (or Fe2Si2Al 9) phase is formed, when the content of iron is more than that of iron, an alpha-Fe 2SiAl (or Fe3Si2Al 12) phase is formed, and when the silicon-iron ratio is not good, the alloy is easy to crack. When Si (silicon) is less than or equal to 0.11 percent, the maximum content of Fe and Si is 1.0 percent, and the alloy has lower resistivity. Therefore, the content of iron is preferably 0.1 to 0.9% by mass, more preferably 0.15 to 0.55% by mass.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of Mo in the aluminum alloy material is 0.28-0.55%.
The provided aluminum alloy material contains molybdenum, the addition of the molybdenum improves the heat strengthening performance of the alloy metal, sufficient strength and creep resistance are kept at high temperature, and the effective performance of the alloy metal can be well guaranteed by reasonably controlling the amount of the added molybdenum, so that the mass percentage content of molybdenum is 0.25-0.85, preferably 0.25-0.35% and 5%.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of B in the aluminum alloy material is 0.004-0.025%.
B: the aluminum alloy material contains boron, the addition of boron also plays a role in refining grains, particularly for aluminum liquid which is filtered and degassed cleanly, the grains are coarse due to the reduction of the crystallization core, and therefore, the addition of boron can play a role in increasing the crystallization core. In addition, the addition of boron can eliminate the harmful effect of trace elements (chromium, vanadium, titanium and the like) in aluminum, and form insoluble compounds with boron to be stored in the aluminum, so that the solid solution hazard of the trace elements is eliminated, the strength and the elongation performance of the alloy can be effectively improved, the alloy has better fatigue resistance, the thermal performance of the alloy can be improved, the defects of the surface layer of the alloy are filled, but if the boron is added too much, the refining effect is saturated, so that the conductivity of the alloy is reduced, and therefore, the content of the boron in percentage by mass is selected to be 0.004-0.08%, and is preferably 0.004-0.025%.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of RGO in the aluminum alloy material is 0.05-0.45%.
RGO: the provided aluminum alloy material contains graphene, a layered material obtained by oxidizing graphite, and graphite oxide powder obtained by washing and drying at low temperature. A certain amount of graphene is added into the aluminum-based material, so that the mechanical property of the alloy material is obviously changed, the strength of the alloy metal is improved, and the alloy metal has better toughness and bending property; the current carrier in the graphene follows a special quantum tunnel effect, back scattering can not be generated when the graphene meets impurities, which is the reason of the local super-strong conductivity and high current carrier mobility of the graphene, the conductivity of the alloy metal is improved, the graphene has very good heat conduction performance, the thermal performance of the alloy metal is improved, the alloy metal has better heat conduction performance, the uniformity of the solution is not easily ensured by excessive addition, and the performance is in transition saturation, so that the mass percentage content of the graphene is 0.01-0.6%, and preferably 0.05-0.45%.
Preferably, the mass percentage content of RE in the aluminum alloy material is 0.06-0.5%.
RE: the provided aluminum alloy material contains rare earth elements which have the effects of removing gas (hydrogen), refining crystal nucleus and improving the organization property of aluminum, and forms stable compounds with elements such as Si, Fe, Cu and the like in the alloy to be separated out from crystals, so that the primary crystal temperature of electrolyte is reduced, the movement speed of ions is accelerated under the action of an electric field, the concentration overpotential is reduced, and the compounds are formed, thereby the resistivity of the alloy is reduced, the conductivity of the alloy is improved, in addition, the surface tension of a melt can be reduced, the fluidity is increased, the casting into ingots is facilitated, the processing property is improved, and the process property is obviously influenced. However, when the content of RE reaches a certain value, the excessive RE may be converted into some impurity substances, which may adversely affect the crystal structure, so that the performance of the alloy does not increase or decrease. Therefore, the content of the rare earth is 0.02-0.6% by mass, preferably 0.06-0.5% by mass.
The conductor of the core of the graphene aluminum alloy cable is made of the aluminum alloy material.
The aluminum alloy material provided by the invention takes aluminum as a base, and is added with the trace elements of Cu, Mg, B, Mo, Fe, RGO and RE, the maximum content of Fe and Si is limited through reasonable proportioning, the ideal performance of all properties of the aluminum alloy material is ensured, and the aluminum alloy material has better comprehensive properties.
The electrical property, the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the graphene aluminum alloy material are effectively improved, the added Mg improves the corrosion resistance, the yttrium improves the oxidation resistance and the ductility of alloy metal, the scandium improves the wear resistance and the heat resistance of the alloy metal, and particularly, the added graphene enables the graphene aluminum alloy material to have excellent toughness and bendability, so that the prepared alloy material is more suitable for drawing 0.15-0.6 mm monofilaments, is easy to process a soft conductor and has higher conductivity.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the graphene aluminum alloy material is specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.08 of silicon, 0.8 of iron, 0.1 of copper, 0.01 of magnesium, 0.01 of boron, 0.3 of molybdenum, 0.2 of graphene powder, 0.2 of rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.15.
The rare earth comprises one or more of yttrium, scandium, lanthanum and cerium.
The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the graphene powder in parts by weight for later use;
(2) weighing and mixing the silicon, the iron, the copper, the magnesium, the boron, the molybdenum, the rare earth, the aluminum and the impurities in parts by weight, and preparing the mixture into mixture powder;
(3) placing the mixture powder in the step (2) in a graphitization furnace, uniformly stirring, preheating at 55 ℃, raising the temperature to 200 ℃ after preheating, and introducing inert gas to protect the atmosphere in the graphitization furnace; heating to 700 ℃ at 10 ℃/min until the mixture powder is completely melted, adding graphene into the molten liquid, and uniformly stirring;
(4) carrying out constant-temperature casting at 700 ℃, keeping the speed of 35 ℃ per second during casting, and cooling to 170 ℃;
(5) then, quenching treatment was performed in an ammonia atmosphere at 857 ℃ for 35min, and after quenching, the degree of vacuum was 0.5X 10-2Maintaining the temperature at 1400 ℃ under MPa to obtain a molten body;
(6) finally, the casting mold was preheated at 300 ℃ for 3 hours, and then the molten body obtained in step (5) was poured into the preheated casting mold under a degree of vacuum of 0.5X 10-2Cooling to 100 ℃ under MPa, and cooling to 25 ℃ when the pressure is recovered to be atmospheric pressure and nitrogen protection is added, thereby obtaining the graphene aluminum alloy material.
Example two:
the graphene aluminum alloy material is specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
less than or equal to 0.10 percent of silicon, 0.7 percent of iron, 0.3 percent of copper, 0.04 percent of magnesium, 0.04 percent of boron, 0.6 percent of molybdenum, 0.4 percent of graphene powder and 0.4 percent of rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
The rare earth comprises one or more of yttrium, scandium, lanthanum and cerium.
The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the graphene powder in parts by weight for later use;
(2) weighing the above silicon, iron, copper, magnesium, boron, molybdenum, rare earth, aluminum and impurities in parts by weight, mixing, and preparing the mixture into mixture powder;
(3) placing the mixture powder in the step (2) in a graphitization furnace, uniformly stirring, preheating at 60 ℃, raising the temperature to 250 ℃ after preheating, and introducing inert gas to protect the atmosphere in the graphitization furnace; heating to 700 ℃ at 15 ℃/min until the mixture powder is completely melted, adding graphene into the molten liquid, and uniformly stirring;
(4) carrying out constant-temperature casting at 700 ℃, keeping the speed of 38 ℃ per second during casting, and cooling to 170 ℃;
(5) then, quenching treatment was carried out in an ammonia atmosphere at a quenching temperature of 857 ℃ for 35min, and after the quenching was finished, the degree of vacuum was 0.5X 10-2Maintaining the temperature at 1400 ℃ under MPa to obtain a molten body;
(6) finally, the casting mold was preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours, and then the molten body obtained in step (5) was poured into the preheated casting mold under a degree of vacuum of 0.5X 10-2Cooling to 100 ℃ under MPa, and cooling to 25 ℃ when the pressure is recovered to be atmospheric pressure and nitrogen protection is added, thereby obtaining the graphene aluminum alloy material.
Example three:
the graphene aluminum alloy material is specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
0.11 parts of silicon, 0.5 parts of iron, 0.45 parts of copper, 0.08 parts of magnesium, 0.08 parts of boron, 0.85 parts of molybdenum, 0.6 parts of graphene powder, 0.6 parts of rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.15.
The rare earth comprises one or more of yttrium, scandium, lanthanum and cerium.
The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the graphene powder in parts by weight for later use;
(2) weighing and mixing the silicon, the iron, the copper, the magnesium, the boron, the molybdenum, the rare earth, the aluminum and the impurities in parts by weight, and preparing the mixture into mixture powder;
(3) placing the mixture powder obtained in the step (2) in a graphitization furnace, uniformly stirring, preheating by 80 ℃, raising the temperature to 300 ℃ after preheating, and introducing inert gas to protect the atmosphere in the graphitization furnace; heating to 700 ℃ at the temperature of 20 ℃/min until the mixture powder is completely melted, adding graphene into the molten liquid, and uniformly stirring;
(4) carrying out constant-temperature casting at 700 ℃, and keeping the speed of 40 ℃ per second for cooling to 170 ℃ during casting;
(5) then, quenching treatment was carried out in an ammonia atmosphere at a quenching temperature of 857 ℃ for 35min, and after the quenching was finished, the degree of vacuum was 0.5X 10-2Maintaining the temperature at 1400 ℃ under MPa to obtain a molten body;
(6) finally, the casting mold was preheated at 400 ℃ for 3 hours, and then the molten body obtained in step (5) was poured into the preheated casting mold under a degree of vacuum of 0.5X 10-2Cooling to 100 ℃ under MPa, and cooling to 25 ℃ when the pressure is recovered to be atmospheric pressure and nitrogen protection is added, thereby obtaining the graphene aluminum alloy material.
Claims (7)
1. The graphene aluminum alloy material is characterized in that: the feed is specifically composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
less than or equal to 0.11 percent of silicon, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of iron, 0.07 to 0.45 percent of copper, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of magnesium, 0.004 to 0.08 percent of boron, 0.25 to 0.85 percent of molybdenum, 0.01 to 0.6 percent of graphene powder, 0.02 to 0.6 percent of rare earth, and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the impurities are less than or equal to 0.15 percent, and the maximum total content of iron and silicon is 1.0.
2. The graphene aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rare earth comprises one or more of yttrium, scandium, lanthanum and cerium.
3. A preparation method of a graphene aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the graphene powder in parts by weight for later use;
(2) weighing the above silicon, iron, copper, magnesium, boron, molybdenum, rare earth, aluminum and impurities in parts by weight, mixing, and preparing the mixture into mixture powder;
(3) placing the mixture powder in the step (2) in a graphitization furnace, uniformly stirring, preheating at 55-80 ℃, raising the temperature to 200-300 ℃ after preheating, and introducing inert gas to protect the atmosphere in the graphitization furnace; heating to 700 ℃ at the temperature of 10-20 ℃/min until the mixture powder is completely melted, adding graphene into the molten liquid, and uniformly stirring;
(4) carrying out constant-temperature casting at 700 ℃, and keeping the speed of 35-40 ℃ per second for cooling to 170 ℃ during casting;
(5) then, quenching treatment was carried out in an ammonia atmosphere at a quenching temperature of 857 ℃ for 35min, and after the quenching was finished, the degree of vacuum was 0.5X 10-2Maintaining the temperature at 1400 ℃ under MPa to obtain a molten body;
(6) finally, preheating the casting mold at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 2-4h, and then pouring the molten body obtained in the step (5) into the preheated casting mold at the vacuum degree of 0.5 multiplied by 10-2Cooling to 100 ℃ under MPa, and cooling to 25 ℃ when the pressure is recovered to be atmospheric pressure and nitrogen protection is added, thereby obtaining the graphene aluminum alloy material.
4. The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that: and (3) the inert gas in the step (3) is any one of nitrogen, argon and neon.
5. The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that: the casting mold was preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours.
6. The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that: the graphene aluminum alloy material has the tensile strength of 130-170 MPa, the elongation rate of not less than 16%, the conductivity of not less than 60% IACS (intrinsic safety control system), and the 0.2% proof stress of not less than 61 MPa.
7. The preparation method of the graphene aluminum alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that: preparing the mixture into mixture powder in the step (2), wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: the mixture is put into a melting furnace to be heated and melted into metal melt, the metal melt in the melting furnace flows through a screen or a rotating disc and then falls into a liquid cooling medium to be condensed into small-particle metal, then the small-particle metal and protective gas are added into a sealed vortex crusher to be crushed, powder with the particle size of less than 0.01 micrometer is separated by an air separator, and the coarse particles which do not meet the requirement fall back into the vortex crusher to be crushed.
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