CN114737054A - Production method of chromite oxidized pellets - Google Patents
Production method of chromite oxidized pellets Download PDFInfo
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- CN114737054A CN114737054A CN202210410455.5A CN202210410455A CN114737054A CN 114737054 A CN114737054 A CN 114737054A CN 202210410455 A CN202210410455 A CN 202210410455A CN 114737054 A CN114737054 A CN 114737054A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/214—Sintering; Agglomerating in shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/216—Sintering; Agglomerating in rotary furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/243—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The application provides a production method of chromite oxidized pellets, which comprises the following steps: a material preparation process for mixing the chromium mineral powder and the binder in proportion to obtain a mixture; a grinding step of grinding the mixture; a pelletizing step of pelletizing the mixture obtained by grinding to obtain green pellets; screening the green balls, and performing a screening and distributing process of distributing the obtained target green balls; and drying, preheating and roasting the target green pellets to obtain the chromite oxidized pellets. The grinding process comprises dry grinding and wet grinding, wherein the grain diameter of the mixture obtained by dry grinding is more than 70% of that of-200 meshes, and the grain diameter of the mixture obtained by wet grinding is more than 95% of that of-200 meshes. The diameter of the green ball is 10-16 mm. The method improves the falling strength and the compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellets, improves the air permeability of the submerged arc furnace, reduces the energy consumption and improves the production safety.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a metallurgical technology, in particular to a production method of chromite oxidized pellets.
Background
Chromium is a metal of great strategic importance,the iron and the chromium are always intergrown with each other to form the ferrochrome spinel (FeO. Cr)2O3) The mineral science name is chromite. In the metallurgical industry, chromite is used primarily for the production of ferrochrome and metallic chromium. The ferrochrome is used as an additive of steel for producing various special steels with high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, such as stainless steel, acid-resistant steel, heat-resistant steel, ball bearing steel, spring steel, tool steel and the like. The metal chromium is mainly used for smelting special alloys with elements such as cobalt, nickel, tungsten and the like. The special steel and the special alloy are indispensable materials for aviation, aerospace, automobiles, shipbuilding, gun and cannon, missile, rocket, naval vessel and the like in national defense industry production.
In recent years, with the rapid increase of the demand of chromium resources, natural chromite is gradually reduced, a large amount of lump ore of chromium-rich ore and chromium-poor ore is mined, and chromium ore powder obtained by finely grinding and dressing the chromium ore has more high-grade ore types, can be used for producing ferrochrome alloy, and has the advantages of lower price compared with the same-grade lump ore and higher production cost reduction due to the use of the chromium ore powder. However, the method for producing ferrochromium alloy by directly feeding the ultrafine chromium ore powder into the furnace for sintering has many defects, such as influence on the air permeability of the submerged arc furnace, large fluctuation of furnace condition stability, easy occurrence of material spraying and fire pricking phenomena, high energy consumption, large difficulty in environmental protection control, occurrence of material collapse, reduction of the yield and quality of ferrochromium alloy and great potential safety hazard to production.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a production method of chromite oxidized pellets, which is used for solving the problems of poor air permeability of an ore heating furnace, large fluctuation of furnace condition stability, high energy consumption and large potential safety hazard caused by over-fine particle size of chromium ore powder.
The application provides a production method of chromite oxidized pellets, which comprises the following steps:
a material preparation process for mixing the chromium mineral powder and the binder in proportion to obtain a mixture; a grinding step of grinding the mixture; a pelletizing step of pelletizing the mixture obtained by grinding to obtain green pellets; screening the green balls, and performing a screening and distributing process of distributing the obtained target green balls; and drying, preheating and roasting the target green pellets to obtain the chromite oxidized pellets.
The binder is added in the batching process, which is beneficial to improving the density and the strength of the oxidized pellet. When the green pellets obtained in the pelletizing procedure are used for ferrochrome alloy smelting, the ventilation property of the submerged arc furnace is improved, and the production safety is improved. The drying process can slowly heat the green pellets, remove water by vaporization, reduce the water content in the green pellets by drying, and avoid the burst phenomenon of the green pellets caused by too fast heating. The preheating process can improve the strength of the green pellets and further reduce the water content of the green pellets, the roasting process enables the chromite oxidized pellets to form an interwoven structure inside, internal particles are mutually gathered and are compact in structure, and the strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is improved.
The grinding step includes dry grinding and wet grinding, and the dry-ground mixture has a particle size of 70% or more of particles having a particle size of-200 mesh, which means that the dry-ground mixture has a weight of 70% or more of particles capable of passing through a 200-mesh screen, and the wet-ground mixture has a particle size of 90% or more of particles having a particle size of-200 mesh, which means that the wet-ground mixture has a weight of 90% or more of particles capable of passing through a 200-mesh screen. The dry grinding and the wet grinding reduce the particle sizes of the chromium ore powder and the binder in the mixture, improve the specific surface area of the mixture, further increase the lattice defect of the chromium ore powder and improve the balling performance of the chromium ore powder.
The diameter of the target green ball is 10-16 mm. The green pellets with proper size can improve the air permeability in the submerged arc furnace, improve the production safety and reduce the production energy consumption.
According to the scheme, the preparation of the chromite oxidized pellets is realized, the chromium ore powder and the binder are mixed in proportion to obtain a mixture, and the binder is favorable for improving the density and the strength of the oxidized pellets; the mixture is sequentially subjected to dry grinding and wet grinding, so that the specific surface area of the mixture is further improved, the lattice defect of the chromium ore powder is further increased, and the balling performance of the chromium ore powder is improved. Pelletizing the mixture after the wet grinding to obtain green pellets, and improving the air permeability of the submerged arc furnace; the green pellets are screened, so that the uniformity of the green pellets is improved, and the quality of the oxidized pellets is further improved. The chromite oxidized pellets are obtained by drying, preheating and roasting the target green pellets in sequence, so that the strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is improved, the air permeability in the submerged arc furnace is improved, the operation stability of the submerged arc furnace is ensured, the production safety is improved, and the production energy consumption is reduced.
Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps of: feeding chromium ore powder into a factory for pre-drying treatment, wherein the water content of the chromium ore powder subjected to the pre-drying treatment is 1-3%, and the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃. The pre-drying treatment is beneficial to the subsequent conveying of chromium ore powder, so that the metering during the material proportioning is more accurate, and the blockage of subsequent grinding equipment due to excessive water content is avoided. The proper drying temperature can ensure the evaporation of water in the chromium ore powder and the stability of the physical and chemical properties of the chromium ore powder.
Optionally, the binder consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of bentonite and 2-7 parts of additive, wherein the addition amount of the binder accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the chromium ore powder. The binder can effectively improve the balling property of the chromium ore powder and the falling strength and the compressive strength of the green pellets, and the bentonite is used as the binder, so that the moisture in the green pellets can be adjusted, and the balling property is improved.
Optionally, SiO in bentonite2The content is less than or equal to 60 percent, the content of CaO is less than or equal to 4.5 percent, the content of MgO is less than or equal to 4 percent, and Al2O3The content is less than or equal to 14 percent. SiO in bentonite2CaO, MgO and Al2O3The composite is a good fluxing agent, and generates solid phase reaction in the green pellet roasting process to generate new compounds such as ferric silicate, calcium ferrite, calcium silicate and the like, so as to form solid phase bonding and increase the compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellets.
Optionally, the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of sodium polyacrylate;
2-5 parts of dodecyl dimethyl betaine;
0.6 to 2 parts of diisooctyl sebacate.
The sodium polyacrylate powder has certain functions of fixing moisture and metal ions, so that water molecules are uniformly dispersed in the green pellets, and the green pellets are effectively prevented from being deformed or burst due to large moisture difference between the interior and the surface of the green pellets in the drying process. The dodecyl dimethyl betaine is distributed between bentonite layers, active hydrophilic groups with good water absorption can act with water molecules entering the bentonite layers, so that the water absorption expansibility of the bentonite is improved, and further more chromium mineral powder is adsorbed by using an expanded bentonite interlayer structure, so that the bonding property of the bentonite and the chromium mineral powder is improved, and the balling property of the chromium mineral powder is enhanced. The diisooctyl sebacate has certain lubricating property, when the mixture is subjected to dry grinding and wet grinding, the friction force among chromium mineral powder particles can be reduced, so that the chromium mineral powder particles are more uniformly dispersed in the mixture, the displacement among bentonite layers can be promoted, and the surface activity of bentonite is improved, so that the contact chance between the bentonite and the chromium mineral powder particles is increased, the mutual adhesion of the bentonite and the chromium mineral powder particles is promoted, the pellet density of green pellets is increased, the falling strength and the compressive strength of the green pellets are improved, the consolidation capability of chromite oxidized pellets is enhanced, the roasting temperature of the green pellets is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Optionally, during the wet grinding, the addition amount of water is 6-7% of the total weight of the mixture. The wet grinding can further improve the specific surface area of the chromium ore powder and the bentonite, form crystal defects, improve the adsorption capacity of the surface of the chromium ore powder, and is beneficial to the bonding among chromium ore powder particles, thereby being beneficial to increasing the balling property of the chromium ore powder, reducing the using amount of the bentonite and reducing the production cost.
Optionally, in the drying process, the drying temperature is 200-550 ℃, and the drying time is 5-10 min. The drying process evaporates the water in the green ball, prevents the burst phenomenon of the green ball caused by too rapid heating and too rapid water evaporation of the target green ball, and damages the structure of the green ball.
Optionally, in the preheating process, the preheating temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-10 min. The preheating process further dries the green pellets, and simultaneously, the target green pellets start to be oxidized, so that the strength of the target green pellets is improved, and the target green pellets can be guaranteed to bear the high temperature of the roasting process and not burst.
Optionally, in the baking process, the baking temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the baking time is 5-15 min. The roasting process enables the chromite oxidized pellets to form an interwoven structure inside, internal particles are mutually gathered, the structure is compact, and the compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is increased along with the rise of the roasting temperature.
Optionally, the green balls with the diameter larger than 16mm or smaller than 10mm in the material sieving and distributing process are collected and returned to the wet grinding process, and are wet-ground together with the mixture.
The production method of the chromite oxidized pellet realizes the production of the chromite oxidized pellet, and has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
(1) according to the method, the chromium ore powder and the binder are mixed in proportion to obtain the mixture, the binder is favorable for improving the density and the strength of the oxidized pellet, and then the oxidized pellet is sequentially subjected to dry grinding and wet grinding, so that the specific surface area of the mixture is further improved, the lattice defect of the chromium ore powder is increased, and the pelletizing performance of the chromium ore powder is improved.
(2) The binder is prepared by reasonably proportioning bentonite and additives, wherein the bentonite can improve the green pellet strength, is in the form of colloidal particles after absorbing water and is filled among chromium ore powder particles, so that the molecular binding force among the chromium ore powder is increased, the bonding performance of the bentonite and the chromium ore powder is improved by adding dodecyl dimethyl betaine and diisooctyl sebacate into the additives, the pelletizing property of the chromium ore powder is enhanced, the attractive force among the chromium ore powder particles is increased, the pellet density of the green pellets is increased, the falling strength of the green pellets is improved, the consolidation capacity and the compressive strength of chromite oxidized pellets are enhanced, meanwhile, the addition of the additives reduces the addition amount of the bentonite, coke powder, a flux and other additives are not required, and the content of ineffective components in the chromite oxidized pellets is reduced.
(3) The method has the advantages that waste heat of the preheating process and the roasting process is used for the drying process, independent heat supply for the drying process is not needed, the heat recycling efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the production cost of enterprises is reduced, and the method has obvious environmental protection benefits and economic benefits.
(4) The method has strong operability, does not increase labor intensity, and is suitable for popularization and application in industrial production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a production method of chromite oxidized pellets provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a production method of chromite oxidized pellets provided by an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a production method of chromite oxidized pellets, which includes:
a material preparation process for mixing the chromium mineral powder and the binder in proportion to obtain a mixture; a grinding step of grinding the mixture; a pelletizing step of pelletizing the mixture obtained by grinding to obtain green pellets; screening the green balls, and performing a screening and distributing process of distributing the obtained target green balls; and drying, preheating and roasting the target green pellets to obtain the chromite oxidized pellets.
The grinding process comprises dry grinding and wet grinding, wherein the grain diameter of the mixture obtained by dry grinding is more than 70% of that of-200 meshes, and the grain diameter of the mixture obtained by wet grinding is more than 90% of that of-200 meshes. Particles of-200 mesh represent particles capable of passing through a 200 mesh screen.
The diameter of the target green ball is 10-16 mm.
Specifically, the chromium ore powder and the binder are metered and mixed to obtain a mixture, the binder is favorable for improving the density and the strength of the oxidized pellets, and the mixture is subjected to dry grinding and wet grinding in sequence, so that the particle sizes of the chromium ore powder and the binder in the mixture are reduced, the specific surface area of the mixture is improved, the lattice defect of the chromium ore powder is increased, the pelletizing performance of the chromium ore powder is improved, and the surface smoothness and the density of green pellets can be improved. Wherein, during dry grinding and wet grinding, the rotating speed of the grinding equipment is 17-20 r/min. And (3) feeding the mixture obtained by the wet grinding to a disc pelletizer for pelletizing, wherein the disc rotating speed of the pelletizer is 6-9r/min, the inclination angle of the disc is 45-50 degrees, and the green pellets are obtained, and when the green pellets are used for ferrochrome alloy smelting, the ventilation property of the submerged arc furnace is improved, and the production safety is improved. Screening raw balls prepared by a pelletizer by a large ball round roller screen to remove raw balls with the diameter of more than 16mm or the diameter of less than 10mm to obtain target raw balls with the diameter of 10-16mm, distributing the target raw balls to a drying process to ensure that the target raw balls can be slowly heated and water is vaporized to be removed, reducing the water content in the target raw balls through drying, and avoiding the phenomenon of qualified target raw ball bursting caused by too fast heating. Preheating the dried target green pellets to improve the strength of the target green pellets, and finally roasting the preheated target green pellets to obtain chromite oxidized pellets so as to enable Fe in the chromium ore powder2+Conversion to Fe3+The method improves the strength of the oxidized pellets, improves the air permeability of the submerged arc furnace, reduces the production energy consumption and saves the production cost. The chromite oxidized pellets obtained after roasting are directly sent to the submerged arc furnace through the hot stewing tank for ferrochrome alloy smelting, the heat energy of the chromite oxidized pellets is fully utilized, the highest-efficiency link between the rotary kiln and the submerged arc furnace is realized, and the heat loss is reduced. Wherein, the molding process of drying, preheating and roasting the green pellets to obtain the chromite oxidized pellets adopts a shaft furnace or a chain grate-rotary kiln system. Further, in the method, a chain grate-rotary kiln system is adopted in the forming process of drying, preheating and roasting the green pellets to obtain the chromite oxidized pellets, so that the green pellets are roasted more uniformly.
According to the scheme, the preparation of the chromite oxidized pellet is realized, the chromium ore powder and the binder are mixed in proportion to obtain the mixture, the binder is favorable for improving the density and the strength of the oxidized pellet, the mixture is sequentially subjected to dry grinding and wet grinding, the specific surface area of the mixture is further improved, the lattice defect of the chromium ore powder is further increased, and the balling performance of the chromium ore powder is improved. Pelletizing is carried out on the mixture after the wet grinding, green pellets are obtained, the air permeability of the submerged arc furnace is improved, the green pellets are screened, the uniformity of the green pellets is improved, and the quality of the chromite high-oxidation pellets is further improved. The chromite oxidized pellets are obtained by drying, preheating and roasting the target green pellets in sequence, so that the strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is improved, the air permeability in the submerged arc furnace is improved, the operation stability of the submerged arc furnace is ensured, the production safety is improved, and the production energy consumption is reduced.
Optionally, the method further comprises the following steps of: feeding chromium ore powder into a factory for pre-drying treatment, wherein the water content of the chromium ore powder subjected to the pre-drying treatment is 1-3%, and the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
Specifically, the chromium ore powder feeding materials contain certain moisture, adverse effects are brought to the precision of the raw material conveying device and the batching device and subsequent grinding process treatment, the chromium ore powder feeding materials are dried before batching, the chromium ore powder is obtained, the moisture content in the chromium ore powder is 1-3%, the subsequent chromium ore powder conveying is facilitated, the metering during batching is more accurate, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the subsequent grinding equipment is blocked due to excessive moisture content is avoided. The drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, which not only can ensure the evaporation of water, but also can avoid the physical and chemical reaction of substances in the chromium ore powder caused by overhigh temperature, thereby ensuring the stability of the properties of the chromium ore powder.
Optionally, the binder consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of bentonite and 2-7 parts of additive, wherein the addition amount of the binder accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the chromium ore powder.
Specifically, the binder can effectively improve the balling property of the chromium ore powder, improve the falling strength of the target green pellet and the compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellet, the bentonite has the expansion property, is of a layered structure, has strong water absorption, can improve the green pellet strength, is colloidal particles after absorbing water, is filled among chromium ore powder particles, increases the molecular binding power among the chromium ore powder, can adjust the moisture in the green pellet by adopting the bentonite as the binder, improves the balling property, can further improve the binding property by adding the additive, does not need to add other additives such as coke powder, a flux and the like, and reduces the content of ineffective components in the chromite oxidized pellet.
Optionally, SiO in bentonite2The content is less than or equal to 60 percent, the content of CaO is less than or equal to 4.5 percent, the content of MgO is less than or equal to 4 percent, and Al2O3The content is less than or equal to 14 percent.
In particular, SiO in bentonite2CaO, MgO and Al2O3The composite fluxing agent is a good fluxing agent, and in the green pellet roasting process, when the roasting temperature reaches the reaction temperature of the fluxing components and iron, solid-phase reaction is carried out to generate new compounds such as iron silicate, calcium ferrite, calcium silicate and the like, so that solid-phase bonding is formed, the compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is increased, and dust and breakage of the pellets are avoided in the transportation process. Wherein, SiO2The content is less than or equal to 60 percent, and SiO can be prevented2The chromium grade of the oxidized pellet is reduced by excessive content. Further, the bentonite comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaO 4-4.5%, MgO 3-4%, SiO250-60％、Al2O312-14％。
Optionally, the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of sodium polyacrylate;
2-5 parts of dodecyl dimethyl betaine;
0.6 to 2 parts of diisooctyl sebacate.
Specifically, the addition of the additive can further improve the cohesiveness and the falling strength of the green pellets, the sodium polyacrylate powder has certain functions of fixing moisture and metal ions, and the sodium polyacrylate powder and the chromium ore powder are uniformly mixed, water molecules can be effectively fixed, and the water molecules are uniformly dispersed in the green pellets, so that the deformation or burst of target green pellets caused by large moisture difference between the inside and the surface of the green pellets in the drying process can be effectively prevented, and meanwhile, dodecyl dimethyl betaine and diisooctyl sebacate can be fixed in the green pellets, and the cohesiveness and the falling strength of the green pellets are improved. The dodecyl dimethyl betaine is distributed between bentonite layers, active hydrophilic groups with good water absorption can act with water molecules entering the bentonite layers, so that the water absorption expansibility of the bentonite is improved, and further more chromium mineral powder is adsorbed by using an expanded bentonite interlayer structure, so that the bonding property of the bentonite and the chromium mineral powder is improved, and the balling property of the chromium mineral powder is enhanced. The diisooctyl sebacate has certain lubricating property, when the mixture is subjected to dry grinding and wet grinding, the friction force among chromium ore powder particles can be reduced, so that the chromium ore powder particles are more uniformly dispersed in the mixture, the displacement among bentonite layers can be promoted, the surface activity of bentonite is improved, the contact chance between the bentonite and the chromium ore powder particles is increased, the mutual adhesion of the bentonite and the chromium ore powder particles is promoted, the pellet density of a target green pellet is increased, the falling strength of the target green pellet is improved, the compressive strength and the consolidation capability of the chromite oxidized pellet are enhanced, the roasting temperature of the green qualified pellet is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, the addition of the additive reduces the use amount of bentonite, and avoids the problem that the chromium taste in the oxidized pellets is reduced due to excessive use amount of the bentonite.
Optionally, during the wet grinding, the addition amount of water is 6-7% of the total weight of the mixture.
Specifically, the wet grinding can further improve the specific surface area of the chromium ore powder and the bentonite, form crystal defects, improve the adsorption capacity of the surface of the chromium ore powder, and is beneficial to the bonding among chromium ore powder particles, thereby being beneficial to increasing the balling property of the chromium ore powder, reducing the consumption of the bentonite and reducing the production cost. The adding amount of water is 6-7% of the total weight of the mixture, the purpose of increasing the surface free energy of the chromium ore powder is prevented from being achieved due to too little water, and meanwhile, the green pellets cannot reach the designed diameter size due to too little water during pelletizing; the water adding amount is too much, the mixture water content is too much, the mixture is easy to stick on the pelletizer, the subsequent operation procedures are not easy to be carried out, and the water content is too much, the green pellet strength is small, and the green pellet is easy to deform.
Optionally, in the drying step, the drying temperature is 200-550 ℃, and the drying time is 5-10 min.
Specifically, the forming processes of drying, preheating and roasting green pellets in the application adopt a chain grate-rotary kiln system, the drying and preheating processes of the green pellets are completed on the chain grate, and the roasting process is completed in the rotary kiln. After the green pellets are subjected to the material distribution screening process, the target green pellets are sent to the drying process of the chain grate machine, moisture in the target green pellets is evaporated, if the target green pellets which are not dried are directly roasted, the surface of the target green pellets is subjected to thermal shock far higher than the bursting temperature, so that the target green pellets bursting phenomenon occurs due to too rapid heating and too rapid moisture evaporation, the structure of the target green pellets is damaged, partial or even all pulverization of the target green pellets is caused, the air permeability of a roasting material layer is deteriorated, the subsequent roasting of the target green pellets is uneven, the rejection rate is increased, and the yield and the quality of chromite oxidized pellets are reduced.
Wherein, the drying process is divided into an air draft drying section and an air draft transition section, the heat of the air draft drying section is from the waste heat of the preheating process, the temperature of the air draft drying section is controlled at 200-300 ℃, and the time is controlled at 2-7 min. The heat of the air draft transition section comes from the waste heat of the kiln tail of the rotary kiln, and is mixed with cold air to reduce the temperature to 450-550 ℃, and the time is controlled within 3-8 min. The drying process is not required to be independently heated, so that the recycling efficiency of heat is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the production cost of enterprises is reduced, and the environment-friendly and economic benefits are good.
Optionally, in the preheating process, the preheating temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-10 min.
Specifically, the dried target green pellets cannot be roasted yet, further drying is needed through a preheating process, the target green pellets are enabled to be oxidized at the same time, the strength of the target green pellets is improved, the high temperature of the roasting process can be borne by the target green pellets, if the preheating temperature is too high, the time is too long, the strength of the target green pellets cannot be improved, on the contrary, the target green pellets are easy to form a layered structure, the strength of chromite oxidized pellets is reduced, bursting occurs, the structural requirement on the chain grate machine from the too high temperature is high, and the production cost is improved.
Optionally, in the baking step, the baking temperature is 1100-.
In particular, bakingIn the firing process, chromium spinel (Fe, Mg) (Cr, Fe, Al)2O4Oxidation to magnesium rich (Fe, Mg) (Cr, Fe, Al)2O4And ferrochromium-aluminum composite oxide (Cr, Fe, Al)2O3When the temperature is higher than 1000 ℃ (Cr, Fe, Al)2O3New phase generation, which is distributed on the outer layer of the particle in a ring shape, and the inner part of the particle is needle-shaped and (Fe, Mg) (Cr, Fe, Al)2O4The method has the advantages that an interwoven structure is formed, particles in the chromite oxidized pellets are mutually aggregated and are compact in structure, the compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is increased along with the increase of roasting temperature, the crystallization of the pellets is more and more complete, the crystal grains grow obviously, when the temperature is higher than 1200 ℃, the interwoven structure in the chromite oxidized pellets is completely formed, the temperature is continuously increased or the roasting time is prolonged, the strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is not improved, the production energy consumption is overhigh, and the cost is higher. The method reduces the roasting temperature of the target green pellets, reduces energy consumption and improves production safety.
Optionally, the green balls with the diameter larger than 16mm or the diameter smaller than 10mm in the material sieving and distributing process are collected and returned to the wet grinding process, and are wet-ground together with the mixture.
Specifically, green pellets with the diameter larger than 16mm in the material distribution screening process are crushed, the green pellets with the diameter smaller than 10mm are collected and returned to the wet grinding process, and wet grinding is performed on the green pellets and the mixture, so that the utilization rate of chromium ore powder is improved, the resource waste is reduced, the uniformity of the green pellet diameter is facilitated in the screening process, and the quality of chromite oxidized pellets is improved.
The technical solution of the present application is illustrated in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
In the production method of the chromite-iron ore oxidized pellet in the embodiment, the operation flow in the specific work is as follows:
1) a material preparation process: feeding chromium ore powder into a factory for pre-drying treatment, wherein the water content of the chromium ore powder subjected to the pre-drying treatment is 3%, and the drying temperature is 60 ℃. And (3) mixing the chromium mineral powder and the binder after metering to obtain a mixture. The addition amount of the binder accounts for 1% of the weight of the chromium ore powder, and the binder consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of additive.
Wherein, the bentonite comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaO 4%, MgO 3%, SiO250％、Al2O312％。
The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10 parts of sodium polyacrylate;
2 parts by weight of dodecyl dimethyl betaine;
0.6 part by weight of diisooctyl sebacate.
2) A grinding procedure: and sequentially carrying out dry grinding and wet grinding on the mixture, wherein the rotating speed of grinding equipment during the dry grinding and the wet grinding is 17 r/min. The particle size of the mixture obtained by dry grinding is 72% of that of-200 meshes, and the particle size of the mixture obtained by wet grinding is 93% of that of-200 meshes.
Wherein, during the wet grinding, the addition amount of water is 6 percent of the total weight of the mixture.
3) Pelletizing: and (3) sending the mixture obtained by grinding to a disc pelletizer for pelletizing to obtain green pellets, wherein the disc rotating speed of the pelletizer is 6r/min, and the inclination angle of the disc is 45 degrees.
4) A screening and distributing process: screening the prepared green balls to obtain target green balls with the diameter of 10-16mm, distributing the target green balls to a chain grate, crushing the green balls with the diameter of more than 16mm, collecting the green balls with the diameter of less than 10mm, returning the green balls to a lubricating and grinding process, and lubricating and grinding the green balls with the mixture to manufacture balls.
5) A drying procedure: the drying procedure is divided into an air draft drying section and an air draft transition section which are both completed on the chain grate, the heat of the air draft drying section is from the waste heat of the preheating procedure, the temperature of the air draft drying section is controlled at 200 ℃, and the time of the air draft drying section is 2 min. The heat of the air draft transition section comes from the waste heat of the kiln tail of the rotary kiln, and the temperature is reduced to 450 ℃ by adding cold air, and the time of the air draft transition section is 3 min.
6) A preheating procedure: the preheating process is carried out on a chain grate, the preheating temperature is 600 ℃, and the preheating time is 6 min.
7) A roasting procedure: and (3) conveying the preheated green pellets to a rotary kiln for roasting at 1100 ℃ for 5min by a grate to obtain chromite oxidized pellets, and directly conveying the obtained chromite oxidized pellets to a submerged arc furnace for ferrochrome alloy smelting through a hot stewing tank.
Example 2
In the production method of the chromite-iron ore oxidized pellet in the embodiment, the operation flow in the specific work is as follows:
the difference from the example 1 is that:
1) a material preparation process: feeding chromium ore powder into a factory for pre-drying treatment, wherein the water content of the chromium ore powder subjected to the pre-drying treatment is 2%, and the drying temperature is 70 ℃. And (3) mixing the chromium mineral powder and the binder after metering to obtain a mixture. The addition amount of the binder accounts for 2% of the weight of the chromium ore powder, and the binder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of bentonite and 5 parts of additive.
Wherein, the bentonite comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaO 4.2%, MgO 3.6%, SiO255％、Al2O313％。
The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
13 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate;
3 parts of dodecyl dimethyl betaine;
1.5 parts by weight of diisooctyl sebacate.
2) A grinding procedure: and (3) sequentially carrying out dry grinding and wet grinding on the mixture, wherein the rotating speed of grinding equipment during the dry grinding and the wet grinding is 18 r/min. The particle size of the mixture obtained by dry grinding is 76% of the particle size of-200 meshes, and the particle size of the mixture obtained by wet grinding is 94% of the particle size of-200 meshes.
Wherein, during the wet grinding, the addition amount of water is 6.5 percent of the total weight of the mixture.
3) Pelletizing: and (3) sending the mixture obtained by grinding to a pelletizer for pelletizing to obtain green pellets, wherein the rotating speed of a disc of the pelletizer is 8r/min, and the inclination angle of the disc is 48 degrees.
4) A screening and distributing process: screening the prepared green balls to obtain target green balls with the diameter of 10-16mm, distributing the target green balls to a chain grate, crushing the green balls with the diameter of more than 16mm, collecting the green balls with the diameter of less than 10mm, returning the green balls to a lubricating and grinding process, and lubricating and grinding the green balls with the mixture to manufacture balls.
5) A drying procedure: the drying procedure is divided into an air draft drying section and an air draft transition section which are both completed on the chain grate, the heat of the air draft drying section is from the waste heat of the preheating procedure, the temperature of the air draft drying section is controlled at 250 ℃, and the time of the air draft drying section is 3 min. The heat of the air draft transition section comes from the waste heat of the kiln tail of the rotary kiln, and is mixed with cold air to reduce the temperature to 480 ℃, and the time of the air draft transition section is 4 min.
6) A preheating procedure: the preheating process is carried out on a chain grate, the preheating temperature is 650 ℃, and the preheating time is 8 min.
7) A roasting process: and (3) conveying the preheated green pellets to a rotary kiln for roasting at 1150 ℃ for 10min by a grate to obtain chromite oxidized pellets, and directly conveying the obtained chromite oxidized pellets to a submerged arc furnace for ferrochrome alloy smelting through a hot stewing tank.
Example 3
In the production method of the chromite-iron ore oxidized pellet in the embodiment, the operation flow in the specific work is as follows:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
1) a material preparation process: feeding chromium ore powder into a factory for pre-drying treatment, wherein the water content in the chromium ore powder subjected to the pre-drying treatment is 1%, and the drying temperature is 80 ℃. And (3) mixing the chromium mineral powder and the binder after metering to obtain a mixture. The addition amount of the binder accounts for 3% of the weight of the chromium ore powder, and the binder consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of bentonite and 7 parts of additive.
Wherein, the bentonite comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaO 4.5%, MgO 4%, SiO260％、Al2O34％。
The additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of sodium polyacrylate;
5 parts by weight of dodecyl dimethyl betaine;
2 parts of diisooctyl sebacate.
2) A grinding procedure: and (3) sequentially carrying out dry grinding and wet grinding on the mixture, wherein the rotating speed of a grinding device during the dry grinding and the wet grinding is 20 r/min. The particle size of the mixture obtained by dry grinding is 77% of particles with a particle size of-200 meshes, and the particle size of the mixture obtained by wet grinding is 95% of particles with a particle size of-200 meshes.
Wherein, during the wet grinding, the addition amount of water is 7 percent of the total weight of the mixture.
3) Pelletizing: and (3) sending the mixture obtained by grinding to a pelletizer for pelletizing to obtain green pellets, wherein the rotating speed of a disc of the pelletizer is 9r/min, and the inclination angle of the disc is 50 degrees.
4) And (3) a material screening and distributing process: screening the prepared green balls to obtain target green balls with the diameter of 10-16mm, distributing the target green balls to a chain grate, crushing the green balls with the diameter of more than 16mm, collecting the green balls with the diameter of less than 10mm, returning the green balls to a lubricating and grinding process, and lubricating and grinding the green balls with the mixture to manufacture balls.
5) A drying procedure: the drying procedure is divided into an air draft drying section and an air draft transition section which are both completed on the chain grate, the heat of the air draft drying section is from the waste heat of the preheating procedure, the temperature of the air draft drying section is controlled at 300 ℃, and the time of the air draft drying section is 5 min. The heat of the air draft transition section comes from the waste heat of the kiln tail of the rotary kiln, and the temperature is reduced to 550 ℃ by adding cold air, and the time of the air draft transition section is 5 min.
6) A preheating procedure: the preheating process is carried out on a chain grate, the preheating temperature is 700 ℃, and the preheating time is 10 min.
7) A roasting process: and (3) conveying the preheated green pellets to a rotary kiln for roasting at 1200 ℃ for 15min by a grate to obtain chromite oxidized pellets, and directly conveying the obtained chromite oxidized pellets to an ore-smelting furnace through a hot braising tank for ferrochrome alloy smelting.
Comparative example 1
In the production method of the chromite-iron ore oxidized pellet in the embodiment, the operation flow in the specific work is as follows:
the difference from the example 3 is that:
1) a material preparation process:
the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of sodium polyacrylate;
5 parts of dodecyl dimethyl betaine.
7) A roasting process: and (3) delivering the preheated green pellets to a rotary kiln for roasting at 1280 ℃ for 15min to obtain chromite oxidized pellets, and directly delivering the obtained chromite oxidized pellets to an ore-smelting furnace through a hot stewing tank for ferrochrome alloy smelting.
Comparative example 2
In the production method of the chromite-iron ore oxidized pellet in the embodiment, the operation flow in the specific work is as follows:
the difference from the example 3 is that:
1) a material preparation process:
the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
15 parts of sodium polyacrylate;
2 parts of diisooctyl sebacate.
7) A roasting process: and (3) delivering the preheated green pellets to a rotary kiln for roasting at 1295 ℃ for 15min to obtain chromite oxidized pellets, and directly delivering the obtained chromite oxidized pellets to an ore-smelting furnace through a hot stewing tank for ferrochrome alloy smelting.
Comparison 3
In the production method of the chromite-iron ore oxidized pellet in the embodiment, the operation flow in the specific work is as follows:
the difference from the embodiment 3 is that:
1) a material preparation process: the addition amount of the binder accounts for 5% of the weight of the chromium ore powder, and the binder consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of bentonite and 5 parts of additive, wherein the additive is sodium polyacrylate.
7) A roasting process: and (3) sending the preheated green pellets to a rotary kiln for roasting at 1370 ℃ for 20min to obtain chromite oxidized pellets, and sending the obtained chromite oxidized pellets to a cold pellet bin for later use after air blast cooling through a belt cooler.
Experimental example 1
The falling strength of green pellets and the compressive strength of chromite-oxidized pellets obtained by examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured.
The falling strength of green pellets was measured by the following method: the dropping strength was recorded by repeatedly dropping a single green pellet from a height of 0.5m onto a steel plate having a thickness of 10mm until the green pellet was broken. The compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellets is detected according to GB/T14201-2018 for determining the compressive strength of blast furnace and iron pellets for direct reduction, and the detection results are compared.
In each example and comparative example, 10 green pellets and 10 chromite oxidized pellets were selected, respectively, and 3 parallel experiments were performed, and the average value was obtained to obtain the results shown in table one.
Watch 1
| Roasting temperature/. degree.C | Falling strength of 0.5m | Compressive strength N/P | |
| Example 1 | 1100 | 6 | 2008 |
| Example 2 | 1150 | 5 | 2015 |
| Example 3 | 1200 | 4.7 | 2031 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1280 | 3.3 | 1720 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1295 | 2.7 | 1735 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1370 | 1.7 | 1486 |
As can be seen from the table I, by adding the dodecyl dimethyl betaine and the diisooctyl sebacate, the bonding property of the bentonite and the chromium ore powder is improved, the balling property of the chromium ore powder is enhanced, the addition amount of the bentonite is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, other additives such as coke powder and a fusing agent are not required to be added, and the content of ineffective components in the chromite oxidized pellets is reduced. Meanwhile, the falling strength of the green pellets is improved, the consolidation capability and the compressive strength of the chromite oxidized pellets are enhanced, and the air permeability of the submerged arc furnace can be improved and the production safety is improved when the ferrochrome alloy is smelted. The method reduces the roasting temperature, further reduces the energy consumption, reduces the production cost of enterprises, and has obvious environmental protection benefit and economic benefit.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing chromite oxidized pellets, the method comprising:
a material preparation process for mixing the chromium mineral powder and the binder in proportion to obtain a mixture; a grinding step of grinding the mixture; a pelletizing step of pelletizing the mixture obtained by grinding to obtain green pellets; screening the green balls, and performing a screening and distributing process of distributing the obtained target green balls; drying, preheating and roasting the target green pellets to obtain chromite oxidized pellets;
the grinding process comprises dry grinding and wet grinding, wherein the grain diameter of the mixture obtained by dry grinding is more than 70% of that of-200 meshes, and the grain diameter of the mixture obtained by wet grinding is more than 90% of that of-200 meshes;
the diameter of the target green ball is 10-16 mm.
2. The method for producing chromite oxidized pellets according to claim 1, further comprising, before the step of batching: feeding chromium ore powder into a factory for pre-drying treatment, wherein the water content of the chromium ore powder subjected to the pre-drying treatment is 1-3%, and the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
3. The production method of chromite oxidized pellets according to claim 1, wherein the binder is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-40 parts of bentonite and 2-7 parts of additive, wherein the addition amount of the binder accounts for 1-3% of the weight of the chromium ore powder.
4. According toThe process for producing chromite-oxidized pellets according to claim 3, wherein SiO in the bentonite is2The content is less than or equal to 60 percent, the content of CaO is less than or equal to 4.5 percent, the content of MgO is less than or equal to 4 percent, and Al2O3The content is less than or equal to 14 percent.
5. The production method of chromite oxidized pellets according to claim 3, wherein the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight:
10-15 parts of sodium polyacrylate;
2-5 parts of dodecyl dimethyl betaine;
0.6 to 2 weight portions of diisooctyl sebacate.
6. The method for producing chromite-oxidized pellets according to claim 1, wherein the amount of water added during the wet grinding is 6-7% of the total weight of the mix.
7. The production method of chromite oxidized pellets according to claim 1, wherein in the drying process, the drying temperature is 200-550 ℃ and the drying time is 5-10 min.
8. The production method of chromite oxidized pellets according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature is 600-700 ℃ and the preheating time is 6-10min in the preheating process.
9. The production method of the chromite oxidized pellet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roasting temperature is 1100-1200 ℃ and the roasting time is 5-15min in the roasting process.
10. The process for producing chromite oxidized pellets according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the green pellets having a diameter of more than 16mm or less than 10mm in the step of screening and distributing are collected and returned to the wet grinding to be wet-ground together with the mixed material.
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