CN114735608A - Energy-saving double-winch oil pumping mechanism with wear-resistant flexible polished rod - Google Patents
Energy-saving double-winch oil pumping mechanism with wear-resistant flexible polished rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN114735608A CN114735608A CN202210437710.5A CN202210437710A CN114735608A CN 114735608 A CN114735608 A CN 114735608A CN 202210437710 A CN202210437710 A CN 202210437710A CN 114735608 A CN114735608 A CN 114735608A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/26—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans having several drums or barrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/02—Driving gear
- B66D1/12—Driving gear incorporating electric motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/02—Driving gear
- B66D1/14—Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels
- B66D1/20—Chain, belt, or friction drives, e.g. incorporating sheaves of fixed or variable ratio
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/28—Other constructional details
- B66D1/36—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains
- B66D1/38—Guiding, or otherwise ensuring winding in an orderly manner, of ropes, cables, or chains by means of guides movable relative to drum or barrel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/28—Other constructional details
- B66D1/40—Control devices
- B66D1/48—Control devices automatic
- B66D1/50—Control devices automatic for maintaining predetermined rope, cable, or chain tension, e.g. in ropes or cables for towing craft, in chains for anchors; Warping or mooring winch-cable tension control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
- D07B1/068—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration characterised by the strand design
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
- D07B1/0686—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration characterised by the core design
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
- D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
- D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2015—Strands
- D07B2201/2042—Strands characterised by a coating
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3021—Metals
- D07B2205/3025—Steel
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/202—Environmental resistance
- D07B2401/2025—Environmental resistance avoiding corrosion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/205—Avoiding relative movement of components
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2065—Reducing wear
- D07B2401/207—Reducing wear internally
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2065—Reducing wear
- D07B2401/2075—Reducing wear externally
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an energy-saving double-winch oil pumping mechanism with a wear-resistant flexible polished rod. The driving mechanism motor drives the winch through the speed reducer, the winch is of a double-winding-drum structure, the first winding drum is wound with the first pumping rope in the forward direction, the second winding drum is wound with the second pumping rope in the reverse direction, and when the winding drum rotates in the forward direction, the first pumping piston rises and the second pumping piston descends, so that a certain energy-saving effect is achieved. The rope arranging mechanism is positioned at the front end of the winch and adopts a ball screw structure; the first oil pumping rope and the second oil pumping rope are respectively provided with a tensioning mechanism, so that the second oil pumping rope is prevented from being loosened due to insufficient drawing of petroleum when the second oil pumping piston moves downwards when the first oil pumping piston is driven upwards by the forward rotation of the winding drum, and the problems of rope disorder and rope skipping on the winch are avoided. The direction of the oil pumping rope is changed by pressing a tension wheel on the steel wire rope, so that tensioning is realized, the tension wheel is driven to stretch by a hydraulic cylinder, and the tensioning degree of the oil pumping rope is controlled by the extending length of the hydraulic cylinder; and calculating the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder according to the pressure on the pulley recorded by the film pressure sensor on the pulley shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to oil extraction equipment, in particular to energy-saving double-winch oil pumping unit equipment with a wear-resistant flexible polished rod.
Background
Under the development conditions of the present day, people can not leave petroleum resources in the aspects of clothes, food, live, walking and the like. Thus, a large supply of oil is required by various industries, which forces large oil fields to increase the oil production of a single well urgently. However, most oil wells are often affected by severe natural environment, conditions of the pumping unit and poor working conditions of the underground environment, so that the oil production efficiency of a single well is low. To solve this problem, the oil industry has been researching automated oil recovery techniques and automated oil recovery devices for decades. Petroleum is the main force of future energy supply and demand, the function of petroleum is not replaceable, according to the special geological conditions of oil and gas reservoirs in China, the liquid production capacity of partial oil fields in China is low, the average daily liquid production capacity is 4.7m3/d by taking Changqing oil fields as an example, the liquid production capacity of ultra-low permeability oil fields is low, the number of oil wells accounts for 35 percent of oil fields in China, and therefore the oil field production capacity is low, and the oil field production capacity is high
The exploitation of unconventional low permeability oil and gas fields is gradually gaining attention. At the present stage, the common method for producing oil from the formation is mainly mechanical oil production. The oil extraction equipment which transfers energy through the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the sucker rod string is called rod pumping equipment, otherwise, the oil extraction equipment is rodless pumping equipment, wherein the rod pumping equipment accounts for more than 90 percent of the total number of the pumping equipment. With the enhancement of the scientific and technological strength of China, the oil and gas exploration technology is continuously improved, and the exploitation equipment is also continuously improved.
The oil extraction mode of the beam-pumping unit is suitable for an oil well with large oil production, the beam-pumping unit can quickly and uninterruptedly extract oil or oil-containing liquid in the oil well, but for an oil well with low oil production, because the oil is not supplied to the stratum, the liquid level of the oil well is recovered slowly, the phenomenon of dry extraction often occurs when the beam-pumping unit is adopted to extract oil, the loss of electric energy is caused, and meanwhile, the abrasion can be caused to equipment. If the oil is pumped again after the liquid level is recovered, the oil pumping machine is required to be manually controlled to start and close, the time for manually controlling the starting and closing of the oil pumping machine is not easy to master, well blockage and operation rework are easily caused due to improper time for manually controlling the starting and closing of the oil pumping machine, and meanwhile, the oil pumping machine is generally arranged in the field, all-weather continuous work is required, the operation cost is increased by adopting manual control, and inconvenience is brought to production. And the beam-pumping unit has complex structure, high cost, difficult realization of long stroke and low stroke frequency, large floor area and incapability of being used in places with small available space, and the roller type non-beam-pumping unit can realize the oil extraction process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an energy-saving double-winding oil pumping unit device with a wear-resistant flexible polished rod, wherein a motor drives a winding engine through a speed reducer, the winding engine is of a double-winding-drum structure, a first oil pumping rope is wound on a first winding drum in a forward direction and drives a first oil pumping piston to move up and down, a second oil pumping rope is wound on a second winding drum in a reverse direction and drives a second oil pumping piston to move up and down; when the winding drum rotates forwards, the first oil pumping piston rises and the second oil pumping piston falls, so that the oil extraction efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the abrasion of equipment is reduced, and the energy-saving double-winch oil pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod is simple in structural design and small in occupied area.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is provided:
an energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with a wear-resistant flexible polished rod comprises: the rope guide device comprises a driving mechanism, a first rope arranging mechanism, a second rope arranging mechanism, a first tensioning mechanism and a second tensioning mechanism; the double-winch oil pumping unit is provided with only one driving mechanism, a first rope arranging mechanism and a second rope arranging mechanism, and the first tensioning mechanism and the second tensioning mechanism are identical in structure and are arranged on two sides of the winding drum; the winding drum comprises a first roller and a second roller which are integrally arranged, the driving mechanism is positioned in the middle of the whole double-winch oil pumping unit, power is provided by the motor, and then the power is transmitted to the driving wheel through the transmission; the first rope arranging mechanism and the first tensioning mechanism are arranged between the first roller and the first pulley; one end of the pumping rope is wound on the first roller, and the other end of the pumping rope passes through the first rope arranging mechanism and the first tensioning mechanism in sequence and finally bypasses the first pulley to be connected with the oil extraction device.
The oil pumping device comprises a winding drum chain wheel, an oil pumping rope I, an oil pumping rope II, a first roller, a second roller and an oil extraction device, wherein the winding drum chain wheel is positioned in the middle of the winding drum; the first roller and the second roller are integrally arranged, and the first pumping rope and the second pumping rope are opposite in rotation direction when being wound, so that when the oil extraction device at one end ascends, the other end is in a descending state; and the winding drum chain wheel is positioned in the middle of the winding drum, and the first pumping rope and the second pumping rope are symmetrically arranged about the winding drum chain wheel, so that the winding drum is stressed uniformly and is not easy to deform in the oil extraction process.
The drive mechanism includes: the chain wheel comprises a motor, a transmission, a driving wheel, a chain belt and a winding drum chain wheel; the motor is as power input, and the power that provides transmits for suitable rotational speed for the action wheel under the regulation of derailleur, and the action wheel passes through the chain belt to be connected with the reel sprocket, and the action wheel rotates and drives the reel sprocket and rotate, then the reel follows the reel sprocket and rotates, and the oil pumping rope twines on the reel, drives oil recovery device respectively along with the positive and negative rotation of reel and carries out to carry and draw the oil recovery operation.
The rope guiding mechanism comprises: the device comprises a rope arranging device, an angle adjusting device and a limiting cleaning device; the rope arranging device adopts a ball screw structure and comprises a nut block, a threaded screw shaft, a nut block guide rail and a rope arranging wheel; the front end of the nut block is provided with a gap, and two rope arranging wheels are arranged in the gap and are arranged in the nut block in a front-back manner; the length of the threaded screw shaft and the nut block guide rail is slightly larger than that of the winding drum, and the purpose of the operation is to enable the stroke of the nut block to meet the requirement of rope arrangement.
The angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjusting cylinder and an angle adjusting rod; the pulley is higher than the winding drum, so the oil pumping rope can incline downwards, when the rope arranging mechanism works, the rope arranging lifting frame moves to a proper position, then the whole rope arranging device rotates around a screw rod shaft frame shaft through the extension and retraction of the angle adjusting rod, the oil pumping rope inclines for a proper angle, and the oil pumping rope can successively pass through two rope arranging wheels in the rope arranging device at the angle.
The limiting cleaning device is arranged at the upper end of the gap of the nut block and comprises an oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm, a spring and a cleaning roller; the cleaning roller is installed at the lower end of the oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm, the other end of the oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm is installed on the nut block and can rotate, the middle position of the oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm is connected with the nut block through a spring, a certain limiting effect is achieved, and the oil pumping rope is limited to jump up and down.
The tensioning device is positioned between the pulley and the rope arranging mechanism and comprises a tensioning device frame, a tensioning wheel positioning plate, a first hydraulic tensioning wheel device, a second hydraulic tensioning wheel device, a third hydraulic tensioning wheel device, a tensioning wheel supporting frame and a tensioning wheel supporting shaft; the first hydraulic tensioning wheel device comprises a first tensioning wheel hydraulic cylinder, a first tensioning roller and a first tensioning wheel hydraulic rod; the second hydraulic tensioning wheel device comprises a second tensioning wheel hydraulic cylinder, a second tensioning roller and a second tensioning wheel hydraulic rod; the third hydraulic tensioning wheel device comprises a third tensioning wheel hydraulic cylinder, a third tensioning roller and a third tensioning wheel hydraulic rod; the tensioning device adopts a hydraulic cylinder linear driving mechanism, three hydraulic tensioning wheel devices are arranged on a tensioning roller positioning plate, a first hydraulic tensioning wheel device and a second hydraulic tensioning wheel device are arranged at the lower end, a third hydraulic tensioning wheel device is arranged at the upper end, a hydraulic device controller is arranged at the back of the tensioning roller positioning plate, and the hydraulic device controller transmits load pressure through a film pressure sensor on a pulley shaft to control the hydraulic device to stretch out and draw back to enable the oil pumping rope to be in a tensioned state all the time.
The steel wire rope used by the oil pumping rope comprises 1 central rope strand and 16 outer layer rope strands, wherein a thin rope strand is arranged between the central rope strand and the outer layer rope strands, and the thin rope strand is filled in a gap between the central rope strand and the outer layer rope strands; the central rope strand consists of a core steel wire rope strand, 6 middle steel wire rope strands and 6 secondary edge rope strands, the edge rope strands are arranged outside the middle steel wire rope strands on the periphery of the core steel wire rope strand, and gaps between the middle steel wire rope strands and the outer layer rope strands are filled with the edge rope strands; the core steel wire rope strand, the middle steel wire rope strand and the edge rope strand are all composed of 7 steel wires, 1 steel wire is positioned in the center, and 6 steel wires are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the center steel wire;
the outer layer rope strand becomes a compact strand by a rolling or die extrusion method, the filling coefficient of the steel wire rope adopting the compact strand is higher, the breaking tension is greatly improved, and the steel wire rope has higher abrasion resistance and extrusion resistance; the fine strand is combined into the steel wire rope, so that gaps among the steel wire strands can be filled, the deformation of the steel wire rope in a stressed state is reduced, the strength of the steel wire rope is enhanced, abrasion caused by friction among the steel wire strands is prevented, and the steel wire rope is more durable.
Further, a manganese series phosphating coating with the thickness of 1-2mm is arranged outside the strand. Manganese phosphating is a surface treatment method and can improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel wire. The fatigue life of the manganese series phosphating coating steel wire rope is 3-4 times of that of a plain steel wire rope, and the service life and the fatigue life are in a direct proportion relation.
A film pressure sensor is arranged on the pulley shaft, and the hydraulic cylinder controller controls the tensioning degree of the steel wire rope through the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder controller detects the magnitude of the negative pressure of the first pulley on the pulley shaft according to the film pressure sensor on the pulley shaft
The required extension length of the hydraulic cylinder at the moment t is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
solution of the equilibrium equation in the above formula
Namely the telescopic length of the hydraulic cylinder;
in the formula:
for the driving force generated by the hydraulic cylinder； 
Is the displacement of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder;
is the system piston mass;
is the viscous damping coefficient of the piston and load;
the magnitude of the negative pressure of the pulley shaft is adjusted by the pulley;
is the velocity of the piston at time t;
is the acceleration of the piston at time t;
is the included angle between the oil pumping rope and the ground.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. By means of the technical scheme, the energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod can achieve considerable technical progress and practicability, has industrial wide utilization value, and at least has the following advantages:
(1) the double-winch structure is adopted, so that the oil extraction efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced;
(2) the surface coating of the oil pumping rope reduces the abrasion of equipment, and the oil pumping unit has simple structural design and small occupied area;
(3) the rope arranging mechanism adopts a ball screw structure, and the rope arranging process is stable and efficient;
the foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with a wear-resistant flexible polished rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a part a of an energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with a wear-resistant flexible polished rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rope guiding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a tensioner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a tensioner hydraulic cylinder controller provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pump line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a center wire strand provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a core wire strand, a middle wire strand, an edge strand cross, and an outer layer strand according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
101-driving wheel 102-motor 103-speed changer 104-chain belt 105-reel 105 a-first roller 105 b-second roller 106-reel shaft 107-reel frame 108 a-pumping rope one 108 b-pumping rope two 109 a-first pulley 109 b-second pulley 110-pulley shaft 111-pulley frame 112-reel chain wheel
201-rope arranging lifting frame 202-lead screw shaft frame 203-nut block 204-threaded lead screw shaft 205-pumping rope limiting support arm 206-spring 207-rope arranging wheel 208-cleaning roller 209-nut block guide rail 210-lead screw shaft frame shaft 211-angle adjusting cylinder 212-angle adjusting rod
301-tensioner frame 302-tensioner positioning plate 303-first hydraulic tensioner device 303 a-first tensioner wheel hydraulic cylinder 303 b-second tensioner wheel hydraulic cylinder 303 c-third tensioner wheel hydraulic cylinder 304-second hydraulic tensioner wheel device 304 a-first tensioner wheel 304 b-second tensioner wheel 304 c-third tensioner wheel 305-third hydraulic tensioner wheel device 305 a-first tensioner wheel hydraulic rod 305 b-second tensioner wheel hydraulic rod 305 c-third tensioner wheel hydraulic rod 306-tensioner wheel supporting frame 307-tensioner wheel supporting shaft 308-membrane pressure sensor 309-tensioner wheel hydraulic cylinder controller
401-center strand 402-outer layer strand 403-string strand 401 a-core wire strand 401 b-middle wire strand 401 c-edge strand 404-manganese-based phosphating coat.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the technical means adopted by the invention to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the following detailed description is made on a specific embodiment of an automatic power switching station of an electric vehicle and the efficacy thereof according to the invention with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod of the present invention has an overall structure, and comprises: the driving mechanism 100, the first rope arranging mechanism 200a, the second rope arranging mechanism 200b, the first tensioning mechanism 300a and the second tensioning mechanism 300 b; the double-winch pumping unit is provided with only one driving mechanism 100, a first rope arranging mechanism 200a, a second rope arranging mechanism 200b, a first tensioning mechanism 300a and a second tensioning mechanism 300b which have the same structure and are arranged on two sides of a winding drum 105; the winding drum 105 comprises a first roller 105a and a second roller 105b which are integrally arranged, the driving mechanism is positioned in the middle of the whole double-winch pumping unit, power is provided by the motor 102 and then is transmitted to the driving wheel 101 through the transmission 103; the first rope aligning mechanism 200a and the first tensioning mechanism 300a are disposed between the first drum 105a and the first pulley 109 a; one end of the first oil pumping rope 108a is wound on the first roller 105a, and the other end of the first oil pumping rope passes through the first rope arranging mechanism 200a and the first tensioning mechanism 300a in sequence and finally passes through the first pulley 109a to be connected with the oil extraction device.
When the oil pumping device works, the winding drum rotates, and the oil pumping rope wound on one side of the winding drum rotates forwards to drive the oil extraction piston at the other end to ascend; the pumping rope II on the other side rotates reversely to drive the oil extraction piston on the other end to descend.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the assembly of the present invention further includes a rope guiding device, which is located between the winding drum 105 and the first pulley 109a, and the rope guiding mechanism includes: the device comprises a rope arranging device, an angle adjusting device and a limiting cleaning device; the rope arranging device adopts a ball screw structure and comprises a nut block 203, a threaded screw shaft 204, a nut block guide rail and a rope arranging wheel 207; a notch is formed in the front end of the nut block 203, two rope guide wheels 207 are arranged in the notch, and the two rope guide wheels are arranged in the nut block 203 in a front-back mode; the length of the threaded screw shaft 204 and the nut block guide rail is slightly greater than the length of the winding drum 105, and the purpose of this is to enable the stroke of the nut block 203 to meet the requirement of rope arrangement. The angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjusting cylinder 211 and an angle adjusting rod 212; since the height of the first pulley 109a is higher than that of the winding drum 105, the oil pumping rope 108 can incline downwards, when the rope arranging mechanism works, the rope arranging lifting frame 201 moves to a proper position, then the whole rope arranging device rotates around the screw rod shaft frame shaft 211 through the extension and contraction of the angle adjusting rod 212, and the oil pumping rope 108 can successively pass through the two rope arranging wheels 207 in the rope arranging device at a proper angle. The limiting cleaning device is arranged at the upper end of the gap of the nut block 203 and comprises a pumping rope limiting supporting arm 205, a spring 206 and a cleaning roller 208; the lower end of the pumping rope limiting supporting arm 205 is provided with a cleaning roller 208, the other end of the pumping rope limiting supporting arm is arranged on the nut block 203 and can rotate, and the middle position of the pumping rope limiting supporting arm 205 is connected with the nut block 203 through a spring 206 to play a certain limiting role and limit the pumping rope 108 to jump up and down.
When the rope arranging device works, due to the adoption of the ball screw structure, the nut block can stably move on the screw shaft at a high speed, and the cleaning roller at the upper end of the nut block can play a good role in cleaning and limiting the oil pumping rope, so that the rope arranging work can be efficiently completed.
As shown in fig. 5, the first tensioning device 300a is located between the first pulley 109a and the first rope discharging mechanism 200a, and includes a tensioning device frame 301, a tensioning wheel positioning plate 302, a first hydraulic tensioning wheel device 303, a second hydraulic tensioning wheel device 304, a third hydraulic tensioning wheel device 305, a tensioning wheel supporting frame 306 and a tensioning wheel supporting shaft 307; the first hydraulic tensioner device 303 comprises a first tensioner wheel hydraulic cylinder 303a, a first tensioner wheel 304a and a first tensioner wheel hydraulic rod 305 a; the second hydraulic tensioner device 304 includes a second tensioner hydraulic cylinder 303b, a second tensioner roller 304b, and a second tensioner hydraulic lever 305 b; the third hydraulic tensioner device 305 includes a third tensioner hydraulic cylinder 303c, a third tensioner roller 304c, and a third tensioner hydraulic lever 305 c; the tensioning device adopts a hydraulic cylinder linear driving mechanism, three hydraulic tensioning wheel devices are arranged on a tensioning roller positioning plate 302, a first hydraulic tensioning wheel device 303 and a second hydraulic tensioning wheel device 304 are arranged at the lower end, a third hydraulic tensioning wheel device 305 is arranged at the upper end, a hydraulic device controller 309 is arranged at the back of the tensioning roller positioning plate 302, and the hydraulic device controller 309 transmits load pressure through a film pressure sensor 308 on a pulley shaft to control the hydraulic device to stretch and contract so that the first pumping rope 108a is always in a tensioned state.
As shown in fig. 7, the steel wire rope for the oil rope includes 1 central strand 401 and 16 outer layer strands 402, a substrand 403 is provided between the central strand 401 and the outer layer strands 402, and the substrand 403 is filled in a gap between the central strand 401 and the outer layer strands 402; as shown in fig. 8, the center strand 401 is composed of one core wire strand 401a and 6 middle wire strands 401b and 6 edge strands 401 c; as shown in fig. 9, the core wire strand 401a, the middle wire strand 401b, the edge strand 401c, and the outer layer strand 402 are each composed of 7 wires, 1 wire being located at the center position, and 6 wires being evenly distributed on the circumference of the center wire; an edge strand 401c is provided outside the middle wire strand 401b on the outer periphery of the core wire strand 401a, and the edge strand 401c fills a gap between the middle wire strand 401b and the outer layer strand 402;
the outer layer strand 402 becomes a compact strand by a rolling or die extrusion method, the filling coefficient of the steel wire rope adopting the compact strand is higher, the breaking tension is greatly improved, and the steel wire rope has higher abrasion resistance and extrusion resistance; the fine strands 403 are combined into the steel wire rope, so that gaps among the steel wire strands can be filled, the deformation of the steel wire rope in a stressed state is reduced, the strength of the steel wire rope is enhanced, abrasion caused by friction among the steel wire strands is prevented, and the steel wire rope is more durable.
The manganese series phosphating coatings 404 with the thickness of 1-2mm are arranged outside the strands. Manganese series phosphating is a surface treatment method and can improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel wire. The fatigue life of the manganese phosphating coating 404 steel wire rope is 3-4 times of that of a plain steel wire rope, and the service life and the fatigue life are in a direct proportion relation.
A film pressure sensor 308 is arranged on the pulley shaft 110, and the hydraulic cylinder controller controls the tensioning degree of the steel wire rope through the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder controller detects the magnitude of the negative pressure of the first pulley 109a on the pulley shaft 110 according to the film pressure sensor 308 on the pulley shaft 110
The required extension length of the hydraulic cylinder at the moment t is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
solution of the equilibrium equation in the above formula
Namely the telescopic length of the hydraulic cylinder;
in the formula:
a driving force generated for the hydraulic cylinder;
is the displacement of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder;
is the system piston mass;
is the viscous damping coefficient of the piston and load;
the negative pressure of the pulley on the pulley shaft is the same as the negative pressure of the pulley;
is the velocity of the piston at time t;
is the acceleration of the piston at time t;
is the included angle between the oil pumping rope and the ground.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an energy-conserving two hoist beam-pumping units that possess flexible polished rod of wearability which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the rope tensioning device comprises a driving mechanism (100), a first rope arranging mechanism (200 a), a second rope arranging mechanism (200 b), a first tensioning mechanism (300 a) and a second tensioning mechanism (300 b); the double-winch oil pumping unit is only provided with one driving mechanism (100), the first rope arranging mechanism (200 a) and the second rope arranging mechanism (200 b) are identical in structure and are arranged on two sides of the winding drum (105), and the first tensioning mechanism (300 a) and the second tensioning mechanism (300 b) are identical in structure and are arranged on two sides of the winding drum (105); the winding drum (105) comprises a first roller (105 a) and a second roller (105 b) which are integrally arranged, the driving mechanism is positioned in the middle of the whole double-winch pumping unit, power is provided by the motor (102), and then the power is transmitted to the driving wheel (101) through the transmission (103); the first rope arranging mechanism (200 a) and the first tensioning mechanism (300 a) are arranged between the first roller (105 a) and the first pulley (109 a); one end of the first oil pumping rope (108 a) is wound on the first roller (105 a), and the other end of the first oil pumping rope (108 a) passes through the first rope arranging mechanism (200 a) and the first tensioning mechanism (300 a) in sequence and finally winds around the first pulley (109 a) to be connected with an oil extraction device.
2. The energy-saving double-hoisting pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the winding drum chain wheel (112) is located in the middle of the winding drum (105), the first pumping rope (108 a) is wound on the first drum (105 a) in the forward direction, the second pumping rope (108 b) is wound on the second drum (105 b) in the reverse direction, the first pumping rope (108 a) is wound on the first drum (105 a) and the second pumping rope (108 b) is released from the second drum (105 b) when the winding drum (105) rotates in the reverse direction, the first pumping rope (108 a) is released from the first drum (105 a) and the second pumping rope (108 b) is wound on the second drum (105 b) when the winding drum (105) rotates in the reverse direction; when the oil extraction device at one end rises, the other end is in a descending state; and the winding drum chain wheel (112) is positioned in the middle of the winding drum (105), and the first oil pumping rope (108 a) and the second oil pumping rope (108 b) are symmetrically arranged relative to the winding drum chain wheel (112), so that the winding drum (105) is uniformly stressed and is not easy to deform in the oil extraction process.
3. The energy-saving double-hoisting pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the drive mechanism includes: a motor (102), a transmission (103), a driving wheel (101), a chain belt (104) and a reel chain wheel (112); the motor (102) is used as power input, the provided power is transmitted to the driving wheel (101) at a proper rotating speed under the adjustment of the speed changer (103), the driving wheel (101) is connected with the winding drum chain wheel (112) through the chain belt (104), the driving wheel (101) rotates to drive the winding drum chain wheel (112) to rotate, then the winding drum (105) rotates along with the winding drum chain wheel (112), the first oil pumping rope (108 a) and the second oil pumping rope (108 b) are wound on the winding drum (105), and the oil extraction device is driven to perform oil extraction operation along with the positive and negative rotation of the winding drum (105).
4. The energy-saving double-winch oil pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the rope guiding mechanism comprises: the device comprises a rope arranging device, an angle adjusting device and a limiting cleaning device; the rope arranging device adopts a ball screw structure and comprises a nut block (203), a threaded screw shaft (204), a nut block guide rail and a rope arranging wheel (207); a notch is formed in the front end of the nut block (203), two rope arranging wheels (207) are arranged in the notch, and the two rope arranging wheels are arranged in the nut block (203) in a front-back mode; the length of the threaded screw shaft (204) and the nut block guide rail is slightly larger than that of the winding drum (105), so that the stroke of the nut block (203) meets the requirement of rope arrangement.
5. The energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the angle adjusting device comprises an angle adjusting cylinder (211) and an angle adjusting rod (212); because the height of the first pulley (109 a) is higher than that of the winding drum (105), the oil pumping rope (108) can incline downwards, when the rope arranging mechanism works, the rope arranging lifting frame (201) moves to a proper position, then the whole rope arranging device rotates around the screw shaft frame shaft (210) through the extension and contraction of the angle adjusting rod (212), the oil pumping rope (108) can successively pass through the two rope arranging wheels (207) in the rope arranging device at a proper angle.
6. The energy-saving double-winch oil pumping unit with the abrasion-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
the limiting cleaning device is arranged at the upper end of a gap of the nut block (203) and comprises an oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm (205), a spring (206) and a cleaning roller (208); cleaning rollers (208) are installed at the lower end of the oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm (205), the other end of the oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm is installed on the nut block (203) and can rotate, the middle position of the oil pumping rope limiting supporting arm (205) is connected with the nut block (203) through a spring (206), a certain limiting effect is achieved, and the oil pumping rope (108) is limited to bounce up and down.
7. The energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
the tensioning device is positioned between the pulley and the rope arranging mechanism and comprises a tensioning device frame (301), a tensioning wheel positioning plate (302), a first hydraulic tensioning wheel device (303), a second hydraulic tensioning wheel device (304), a third hydraulic tensioning wheel device (305), a tensioning wheel supporting frame (306) and a tensioning wheel supporting shaft (307); the first hydraulic tensioning wheel device (303) comprises a first tensioning wheel hydraulic cylinder (303 a), a first tensioning roller (304 a) and a first tensioning wheel hydraulic rod (305 a); the second hydraulic tensioning wheel device (304) comprises a second tensioning wheel hydraulic cylinder (303 b), a second tensioning roller (304 b) and a second tensioning wheel hydraulic rod (305 b); the third hydraulic tensioning wheel device (305) comprises a third tensioning wheel hydraulic cylinder (303 c), a third tensioning roller (304 c) and a third tensioning wheel hydraulic rod (305 c); the tensioning device adopts a hydraulic cylinder linear driving mechanism, three hydraulic tensioning wheel devices are arranged on a tensioning roller positioning plate (302), a first hydraulic tensioning wheel device (303) and a second hydraulic tensioning wheel device (304) are arranged at the lower end, a third hydraulic tensioning wheel device (305) is arranged at the upper end, a hydraulic device controller (309) is arranged at the back of the tensioning roller positioning plate (302), the hydraulic device controller (309) transmits load pressure through a film pressure sensor (308) on a pulley shaft, and the hydraulic device is controlled to stretch and contract to enable a first oil pumping rope (108 a) to be in a tensioned state all the time.
8. The energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
the steel wire rope used by the oil pumping rope comprises 1 central strand (401) and 16 outer layer strands (402), thin strands (403) are arranged between the central strand (401) and the outer layer strands (402), and the thin strands (403) are filled in gaps between the central strand (401) and the outer layer strands (402); the central strand (401) consists of one core wire strand (401 a), 6 middle wire strands (401 b) and 6 minor edge strands (401 c), the core wire strand (401 a) consists of 7 wires, 1 wire is located at the central position, and 6 wires are evenly distributed on the circumference of the central wire; the middle steel wire rope strand (401 b) consists of 7 steel wires, 1 steel wire is positioned at the central position, and 6 thin steel wires are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the central steel wire; an edge strand (401 c) is arranged outside a middle wire strand (401 b) on the periphery of the core wire strand (401 a), and the edge strand (401 c) is filled in a gap between the middle wire strand (401 b) and the outer layer strand (402);
each outer layer strand (402) consists of 7 steel wires, 1 steel wire is positioned at the central position, and 6 inner layer steel wires are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the central steel wire; the outer layer strand (402) becomes a compact strand by a rolling or die extrusion method, the filling coefficient of the steel wire rope adopting the compact strand is higher, the breaking tension is greatly improved, and the steel wire rope has higher abrasion resistance and extrusion resistance; the thin strands (403) are combined into the steel wire rope, so that gaps among the steel wire strands can be filled, the deformation of the steel wire rope in a stressed state is reduced, the strength of the steel wire rope is enhanced, abrasion caused by friction among the steel wire strands is prevented, and the steel wire rope is more durable.
9. The energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
a manganese series phosphating coating (404) with the thickness of 1-2mm is arranged outside the strand; manganese series phosphating is a surface treatment method and can improve the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the surface of the steel wire; the fatigue life of the manganese series phosphating coating (404) steel wire rope is 3-4 times of that of a plain steel wire rope, and the service life and the fatigue life are in a direct proportion relation.
10. The energy-saving double-winch pumping unit with the wear-resistant flexible polished rod as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
a film pressure sensor (308) is mounted on a pulley shaft (110), and the tensioning degree of the steel wire rope is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder controller through the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder controller detects the magnitude of negative pressure of the first pulley (109 a) to the pulley shaft (110) according to a film pressure sensor (308) on the pulley shaft (110)
The required extension length of the hydraulic cylinder at the moment t is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
solution of the equilibrium equation in the above formula
Namely the telescopic length of the hydraulic cylinder;
in the formula:
a driving force generated for the hydraulic cylinder;
displacing a piston of the hydraulic cylinder;
is the system piston mass;
is the viscous damping coefficient of the piston and load;
the negative pressure of the pulley on the pulley shaft is the same as the negative pressure of the pulley;
is the velocity of the piston at time t;
is the acceleration of the piston at time t;
is the included angle between the oil pumping rope and the ground.
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| CN202210437710.5A CN114735608B (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2022-04-25 | Energy-saving double-winch oil pumping mechanism with wear-resistant flexible polished rod |
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| CN116658128A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-08-29 | 大庆市华禹石油机械制造有限公司 | Multi-well coordinated oil pumping equipment |
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