CN114728576A - 具有混合动力推进装置的鞍乘型车辆 - Google Patents

具有混合动力推进装置的鞍乘型车辆 Download PDF

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CN114728576A
CN114728576A CN202080082141.6A CN202080082141A CN114728576A CN 114728576 A CN114728576 A CN 114728576A CN 202080082141 A CN202080082141 A CN 202080082141A CN 114728576 A CN114728576 A CN 114728576A
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clutch
shaft
electric machine
vehicle
rotor
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安东尼奥·卡佩利尼
安德烈亚·拉法埃利
马里奥·圣图奇
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Piaggio and C SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及为摩托车或轻型摩托车的鞍乘型车辆，该车辆包括框架(2)、以可旋转的方式连接至框架的至少一个转向轮(3)以及单个驱动轮(4)。车辆还包括马达组件(10)以及将马达组件(10)机械地连接至驱动轮的传动单元(T)。马达组件包括具有曲轴(11)的热力发动机(MT)、具有定子(S)和转子(R)的电机(E)以及具有驱动轴(C1)和从动轴(C2)的离合器(C)。马达组件(10)还包括设置有输入轴(111)和输出轴(112)的齿轮箱(G)。根据本发明，热力发动机(MT)的曲轴(11)、电机(E)的转子(R)和离合器的两个轴(C1、C2)是同轴的，以便绕共同的旋转轴线(101)旋转，共同的旋转轴线(101)平行于车辆的纵向方向(Y)并且平行于所述齿轮箱(G)的输出轴(112)的旋转轴线。

Description

具有混合动力推进装置的鞍乘型车辆
本发明属于具有两个或三个轮的鞍乘型摩托车的生产领域，其中，只有一个轮是驱动轮。特别地，本发明涉及具有混合动力推进装置的鞍乘型车辆、即包括具有热力发动机和可逆电机的马达组件的车辆，可逆电机可以用作用于增加驱动轮处的可用扭矩的电动马达或者用作用于对连接至同一电机的电池组件进行再充电的发电机。
背景技术
近年来，已经提出了具有混合动力推进装置的两轮或三轮摩托车，其中，电机被添加至普通的内燃发动机。这种推进器的目的基本上是在高效条件下利用内燃发动机并在减速或制动时借助于电机回收能量，并且可能单独使用电机作为推进器。一般而言，混合动力推进装置的目的是减少随着内燃发动机的运行而产生的污染物排放。
在混合动力推进装置内，已知一种也被称为“串联混合动力”的第一构型，其中，热力发动机用于驱动电流发电机的转子旋转，该电流发电机对电池组件进行再充电。电池组件为电动马达提供动力，电动马达为摩托车的驱动轮提供推进力。因此，在这种情况下，推进装置是纯电力的，并且热力发动机仅用于对电池进行再充电，并且因此可以在最佳条件下运行。
还已知一种被称为“并联混合动力”的构型，其中，驱动轮可以由热力发动机和电动马达两者致动。
在WO 2004/054836中描述了混合动力摩托车的示例，其中，这种推进装置用于开放式框架摩托车(小型摩托车)中。特别地，该解决方案提供了一种包括热力发动机、电动马达和发电机的推进组件。离心式离合器操作性地布置在热力发动机与电动马达之间。离心式离合器的驱动轴借助于无级变速器(CVT)连接至热力发动机的曲轴，而离心式离合器的从动轴连接至电动马达的转子。最后，该转子借助于减速齿轮连接至驱动轮。
在WO 2004/054836中描述的推进组件中，当电动马达断开时，推进力仅由热力发动机提供。相反，当只有电动马达提供动力并且热力发动机断开时，推进装置是纯电力的。当热力发动机和电动马达同时运行时，推进组件形成并联混合动力，其中，在热力发动机的低转速范围内，驱动轮的推进力仅依赖于电动马达，而热力发动机用于通过发电机对电池进行再充电。
因此，上述技术解决方案提供了从驱动轴到其上安装有离合器和电机的转子的不同的轴的运动的传递(通过CVT)。特别地，离合器和电动马达布置在基本上靠近驱动轮的位置。
在US 2013/00818985中描述了混合动力推进装置的另一示例，在这种情况下，混合动力推进装置应用于封闭式框架摩托车。根据该解决方案，电动马达沿着相对于地面处于比热力发动机的轴的高度低的高度处的轴线安装。在这种情况下，推进组件还包括具有输入轴的齿轮箱，该输入轴绕与热力发动机的旋转轴线和电动马达的转子的旋转轴线平行且间隔开的轴线旋转。齿轮箱还包括借助于传动单元连接至驱动轮的输出轴。马达组件还包括第一离合器，该第一离合器的驱动轴借助于机械传动装置连接至热力发动机的轴，而离合器的从动轴与齿轮箱的输入轴成一体。第二离合器还包括驱动轴，该驱动轴借助于第二传动装置连接至电动马达的转子，而驱动轴连接至齿轮箱的输入轴。
热力发动机和电动马达可以借助于两个离合器连接至齿轮箱的输入轴或与齿轮箱的输入轴断开连接。当两个离合器都连接时，推进组件根据并联混合动力方案运行。当第一离合器连接而第二离合器断开连接时，驱动扭矩仅由热力发动机产生。相反，当第一离合器断开连接而第二离合器连接时，驱动扭矩仅由电动马达产生。通过将第一离合器断开联接并且同时将发电机接通，则建立了根据串联混合动力方案的运行。
申请人已经注意到的是，上文提及的技术解决方案以及其他概念上类似的解决方案具有一些缺点，这些缺点特别地是由构成混合动力推进装置的热力发动机和电动马达的相互布置引起的。特别地，当前的推进组件的构型特别复杂且庞大，并且使得推进组件的制造和安装很困难。这些方面显然会影响最终的制造成本。同时，推进组件的当前构型可能在对车辆进行检查和/或维修操作方面也显得不太有利。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主要任务是提供一种混合动力推进型车辆，该混合动力推进型车辆是已知车辆的有效替代品。在该任务中，第一个目的是提供一种其马达组件特别紧凑并且能够容易地安装到框架上的混合动力推进型摩托车。本发明的另一目的是提供一种可靠的并且可以以具有竞争力的成本容易地制造的混合动力推进型摩托车。
申请人已经观察到的是，上面提及的任务和目的可以通过将热力发动机布置成使得其曲轴与可逆电机的转子同轴并且与离合器的(驱动和从动)轴同轴旋转来实现。特别地，本发明涉及一种鞍乘型车辆，该车辆包括框架、以可旋转的方式连接至框架的至少一个转向轮、单个驱动轮、马达组件以及将马达组件机械地连接至驱动轮的传动单元。该马达组件包括：
-热力发动机，该热力发动机包括曲轴；
-电机，该电机包括定子和转子；
-离合器，该离合器包括驱动轴和从动轴；以及
-齿轮箱，该齿轮箱设置有输入轴和输出轴。
根据本发明，所述曲轴、所述转子、所述驱动轴和所述从动轴是同轴的，以便绕共同的旋转轴线旋转。此外，所述共同的旋转轴线平行于齿轮箱的所述输出轴的旋转轴线并且基本上平行于车辆框架的纵向方向。
根据第一实施方式，所述热力发动机的曲轴与电机的转子和所述离合器的驱动轴成一体。此外，所述齿轮箱的输入轴连接至离合器的从动元件，并且输出轴通过传动单元连接至驱动轮。
根据实施方式，电机布置在热力发动机与离合器之间，使得转子其第一侧连接至曲轴，并且在其第二侧连接至离合器的驱动轴。
根据替代最后提及的实施方式的另一实施方式，热力发动机布置在电机与离合器之间，使得曲轴在其第一侧连接至电机的转子，并且在其第二侧连接至离合器的驱动轴。
根据另一实施方式，离合器布置在热力发动机与电机之间，离合器的驱动轴与热力发动机的曲轴成一体，并且离合器的驱动轴与电机的转子成一体。在可能的改型中，所述齿轮箱的输入轴连接至电机的转子，而输出轴通过传动单元连接至驱动轮。
在另一实施方式中：
-离合器的驱动轴与热力发动机的曲轴成一体，并且离合器的从动轴与齿轮箱的输入轴成一体；
-齿轮箱的输出轴连接至电机的转子，并且
-电机的转子通过传动单元连接至驱动轮。
在本发明的可能的实施方式中，传动单元包括连接至齿轮箱的输出轴的传动轴以及将传动轴的运动传递至驱动轮的传动模块。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点将通过以下借助附图对车辆的一些优选但非排他的实施方式的详细描述而变得更加明显，这些实施方式出于说明而非限制性的目的被提供，在附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的车辆的总体示意图；
-图2至图5是分别与根据本发明的鞍乘型车辆的马达组件的可能实施方式相关的示意图；
-图6是根据本发明的车辆的实施方式的示意图。
在附图中，相同的附图标记和字符表示相同的元件或部件。
具体实施方式
参照上面列出的附图，本发明因此涉及一种具有混合动力推进装置的鞍乘型车辆。针对本发明的目的，术语“鞍乘型车辆”应指代任何具有两个或三个轮的摩托车或轻型摩托车。
图1是根据本发明的车辆1的示意图，在任何情况下，车辆1包括设置有前车架部分2A的框架2，前车架部分2A支承一个或两个转向轮3。框架2还包括后车架部分2R，后车架部分2R专门支承驱动轮。因此，术语“驱动”是指将马达组件10产生的旋转扭矩传递给车辆1的单个轮。
车辆1的框架2支承通过传动单元T机械地连接至驱动轮4的马达组件10。传动单元T可以具有不同的构型并且通常包括一系列运动传动构件，这些运动传动构件将马达组件10产生的扭矩全部传输至驱动轮4，以使驱动轮4旋转并且最终使车辆向前移动。车辆1主要沿着纵向方向Y(或纵向轴线Y)延伸，纵向方向Y(或纵向轴线Y)基本上与车辆本身的纵向方向、即车辆的前后方向一致。实际上，纵向方向是基本上垂直于驱动轮4的旋转轴线的前后方向。
图2至图5是根据本发明的车辆1的马达组件10的可能实施方式的示意图。在任何情况下，马达组件10均包括热力发动机MT和可逆电机E、即可以作为电动马达或电流发生器进行操作的电机。
热力发动机MT包括曲轴11，基于本领域技术人员公知的原理，曲轴11通过借助于滑动件曲柄机构进行的对气缸内的一个或更多个活塞的平移运动的转换而旋转，平移运动是由同一气缸中发生的燃烧过程引起的。
操作性地连接至电池组件B的可逆电机E的操作对于本领域技术人员来说也是已知的。在第一操作模式中，电机E作为“马达”进行操作，从而将在定子S的端子处提供的输入电能转换成在转子R处可用的机械动力。在第二操作模式中，电机E作为“交流发电机/发电机”进行操作，从而将转子R的旋转机械能转换成电能，该电能优选地存储在电池组件B中。
在根据本发明的车辆1中，马达组件10还包括离合器C，如本领域技术人员已知的，离合器C用于根据命令连接两个轴，从而允许或可能调节旋转运动从一个轴到另一轴的传递。在任何情况下，出于本发明的目的，离合器C包括驱动轴Cl和从动轴C2，驱动轴Cl具有与其一体连接的至少一个第一连接元件C11，从动轴C2具有与其一体连接的至少一个第二连接元件C12。离合器C包括用于使连接元件C11、C12彼此接触从而将运动从驱动轴C1传递至从动轴C2的致动装置(附图中未示出)。仍然在本发明的框架内，离合器C可以是“干”型离合器或“油浴”型离合器，或者可以是离心式离合器。如上文所提及的，通常用在自动齿轮箱中的变矩器以及更一般地适于执行本领域技术人员已知的“离合器”功能的任何其他系统也落入离合器的定义内。
根据本发明，在车辆1中，马达组件10构造成使得热力发动机MT的曲轴11、电机E的转子R和离合器C的两个轴(即，驱动轴Cl和从动轴C2)均绕共同的旋转轴线101旋转。换句话说，马达组件10的旋转元件(11、R、Cl、C2)成一线，从而形成沿着共同轴线延伸的一系列部件(M、E、C)。
根据在图2中示意性示出的马达组件10的第一实施方式，热力发动机MT的曲轴11与电机E的转子R和离合器C的驱动轴Cl成一体。因此，曲轴11、转子R和驱动轴Cl绕共同的旋转轴线101以相同的速度旋转。
在该实施方式中，马达组件10还包括置于离合器C与传动单元T之间的齿轮箱G。根据公知的原理，齿轮箱G包括输入轴111和输出轴112以及多个齿轮(附图中未示出)，所述多个齿轮可以通过杆或者借助于电子系统致动并且操作性地置于两个轴111、112之间，以便使输出轴112的速度相对于输入轴111的速度改变。在本实施方式(图2)中，输入轴111连接至离合器C的从动轴C2，而输出轴112连接至传动单元T。
在图2的示意图以及图3和图4的示意图中，齿轮箱G的输出轴112与输入轴111同轴。然而，基于齿轮箱G的构型，两个轴111、112也可以具有不同轴的布置。
在图3的图中所示的马达组件10的第二实施方式中，曲轴11、转子R和驱动轴Cl仍然彼此成一体，然而与图2的图相比，热力发动机MT的位置和电机E的位置相反。特别地，热力发动机MT沿着所述共同的旋转轴线101操作性地布置在电机E与离合器C之间。因此，曲轴11在其第一侧与转子R连接，并且在其第二侧与离合器C的驱动轴Cl连接。
在所描述的两种构型(图2和图3)中，由于转子R与曲轴11成一体，因此电机E可以用作用于启动热力发动机MT的“马达”。优选地，热力发动机MT设置有减压装置以用于使气缸在压缩阶段和膨胀阶段期间与外部环境连通，以便减小必须由电机提供的用于启动的机械扭矩。
仍然参照图2和图3，在车辆1的加速阶段期间，电机10可以有利地用于增加由热力发动机MT产生的扭矩。在这种情况下，定子S的绕组由电池组件B提供动力。
替代性地，在加速阶段期间，扭矩可以单独由热力发动机MT提供给驱动轮4。在这种情况下，电机E的定子S的绕组未被供电，并且转子R仅由热力发动机1的曲轴11驱动旋转，从而相对于定子S“空转”。
仍然参照图2和图3的示意图，在恒速运行阶段期间，电机E可以作为“发电机”进行操作以对电池组件B进行再充电。替代性地，在运行条件下，可以不对电机E的定子S的绕组提供动力，使得转子R相对于定子S旋转而不产生任何电效应。
最后，同样在车辆的制动阶段，电机E可以保持断开，或者替代性地，电机E可以作为发电机进行操作以对电池组件B进行再充电。通常，电机E因此可以基于电机E本身的控制单元ECU的设定而在车辆的不同运行阶段(加速、恒速、制动)被接通或断开。在这方面，为了简单起见，控制单元ECU仅在图2中示出，但是应当理解的是，这种单元(ECU)可以存在于本文中示出和描述的实施方式中的任何实施方式中，以用于允许电机作为电动马达、发电机/交流发电机进行操作，或者替代性地，以用于允许电机保持断开。
图2中示意性示出的实施方式允许热力发动机MT被更好地冷却，因为马达组件10被安装成使得旋转轴线101基本上平行于车辆1的纵向轴线(参见图6的示意图)。在这种情况下，散热器可以容易地相对于热力发动机MT安装在前方，以用于对热力发动机MT进行冷却。
与图2的实施方式相比，图3的布置允许更简单的电连接，还考虑到电池组件B的可能定位。
根据对图2和图3中所示的两个实施方式均有效的可能构型，热力发动机MT和电机E可以布置在共同的箱体内，离合器C也可以可选地布置在该箱体内，以便形成可以更容易地安装到车辆1的框架2上的单个组件。
根据图4中所示的马达组件10的另一实施方式，离合器C沿着所述共同的旋转轴线101操作性地布置在热力发动机MT与电机E之间。特别地，离合器C的驱动轴C1与热力发动机MT的曲轴11成一体，而从动轴C2与电机E的转子成一体。同样在该实施方式中，马达组件10包括齿轮箱G，齿轮箱G的输入轴111与转子R成一体，而齿轮箱G的输出轴112则连接至传动单元T。
当离合器C被启用时，即当离合器C的连接元件C1和C12被连接时，热力发动机MT的曲轴11与电机E的转子R以可旋转的方式成一体。由热力发动机MT产生的扭矩因此被传递至驱动轮4。这种扭矩可以被单独提供，或者替代性地，这种扭矩可以通过在“马达”操作模式下接通电机E来补充，以便增加推力(助推)。
相反，当离合器C断开时、即当两个连接元件C11和C12断开连接时，热力发动机MT不再提供驱动动力。驱动轮4的推进力因此可以仅由电机E通过齿轮箱G和传动单元T提供。
因此，在该实施方式中，车辆1可以具有纯电力推进装置(离合器C断开连接)或混合动力推进装置(离合器C闭合并且电机作为马达被接通)。在纯电力推进的情况下，齿轮箱G的齿轮可以有利地用于爬坡。
与图4的图相比，在图5中示意性示出的实施方式中，电机E沿着所述共同的旋转轴线101操作性地布置在传动单元T与齿轮箱G之间，齿轮箱G又置于离合器C与电机E之间。详细地，齿轮箱G的输入轴111连接至离合器C的从动轴C2，而输出轴112连接至电机E的转子R的一个侧部。传动单元T则连接至转子R的另一侧部。因此，在该实施方式中，齿轮G仅在离合器C闭合时、即在推进力完全或部分由热力发动机MT提供时被启用。因此，当推进装置是纯电力的时，齿轮箱G的齿轮未被使用。
有利地，图4和图5中示意性示出的可能实施方式允许热力发动机MT使用电机E作为“马达”进行惯性启动。这种启动要求离合器的连接元件C11和c12最初断开连接。在这种情况下，车辆1通过纯电力推进装置来移动。当车辆1达到预先确定的速度时，摩擦装置C闭合、即被启用，以便将两个连接元件C11、C12连接，并且因此驱动曲轴11旋转，从而启动热力发动机MT。在可能的操作模式中，当离合器C闭合时，电机E可以有利地借助于控制单元加速，以补偿转子R由于其上增加的载荷而导致的减速。
参照图4、图5中示意性示出的实施方式，在车辆1的加速阶段期间，电机E因此可以在“马达”模式下接通以增加推力，或者替代性地，电机E可以保持断开，从而不对仅由热力发动机MT提供的推进力作出贡献。在图6的实施方式中，作为“马达”的电机E的接通被替代地用于对加速阶段进行补充，如上文已经提及的。
仍然参照图4和图5中示意性示出的实施方式，在车辆的恒速运行阶段或制动阶段期间，可以通过在“发电机”模式下接通电机E来对电池组件B进行再充电。在任何情况下，电机E都可以在这些阶段中的一个或两个阶段中断开。
在图6中所示的实施方式中，由马达组件10限定的共同的旋转轴线101被定向成基本上平行于纵向轴线Y。
就车辆的稳定性而言，图6中所示的布置也被证明是特别有利的，尤其是在滚动运动方面。事实上，热力发动机MT的旋转轴线所在的平面以及因此电机E的转子R的轴线所在的平面在车辆滚动期间不会改变。实际上，利用这种构型，可以避免或至少大大减少可能的回转张开效应，回转张开效应可能会增加由轮引起的类似效应。
在图6中，马达组件10具有与图2中示意性示出的构型相对应的构型。然而，马达组件10也可以如图3和图4中所示地构造，即构造在其中齿轮箱G具有连接至传动单元T的输出轴112的实施方式中。
在图6中，传动单元T包括传动轴T1，该传动轴T1(例如，借助于万向接头或等速接头)连接至齿轮箱G的输出轴112和传动模块(例如，准双曲面)T2，该传动模块T2将轴T1的旋转运动传递至驱动轮4。
上述技术方案允许概述的任务和目标得以完全实现。特别地，部件(热力发动机MT、电机E和离合器C)沿着同一轴线的布置允许易于组装，并且使这些部件更容易安装到车辆框架上，从而减少最终制造时间和成本。

Claims (8)

1.一种鞍乘型车辆(1)，所述车辆(1)包括框架(2)、以可旋转的方式连接至所述框架的至少一个转向轮(3)、单个驱动轮(4)、马达组件(10)以及将所述马达组件(10)机械地连接至所述驱动轮(4)的传动单元(T)，
其中，所述马达组件(10)包括：
-热力发动机(MT)，所述热力发动机(MT)包括曲轴(11)；
-电机(E)，所述电机(E)包括定子(S)和转子(R)；
-离合器(C)，所述离合器(C)包括驱动轴(C1)和从动轴(C2)；
-齿轮箱(G)，所述齿轮箱(G)设置有输入轴(111)和输出轴(112)，
其中，所述曲轴(11)、所述转子(R)、所述驱动轴(C1)和所述从动轴(C2)是同轴的，以便绕共同的旋转轴线(101)旋转，
其中，所述车辆(1)的所述框架(2)限定纵向方向(Y)，
其中，所述共同的旋转轴线(101)平行于所述齿轮箱(G)的所述输出轴(112)的旋转轴线并且基本上平行于所述纵向方向(Y)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1)，其中，所述热力发动机(MT)的所述曲轴(11)与所述电机(E)的所述转子(R)和所述离合器(C)的所述驱动轴(C1)成一体，其中，所述输入轴(111)连接至所述离合器(C)的所述从动轴(C2)，并且其中，所述输出轴(112)通过所述传动单元(T)连接至所述驱动轮(4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆(1)，其中，所述电机(E)布置在所述热力发动机(MT)与所述离合器(C)之间，使得所述转子(R)在所述转子(R)的第一侧连接至所述曲轴(11)并且在所述转子(R)的第二侧连接至所述离合器(C)的所述驱动轴(C1)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆(1)，其中，所述热力发动机(MT)布置在所述电机(E)与所述离合器(C)之间，使得所述曲轴(11)在所述曲轴(11)的第一侧连接至所述电机(E)的所述转子(R)，并且在所述曲轴(11)的第二侧连接至所述离合器(C)的所述驱动轴(C1)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1)，其中，所述离合器(C)布置在所述热力发动机(MT)与所述电机(E)之间，并且其中，所述离合器(C)的所述驱动轴(C1)与所述热力发动机(MT)的所述曲轴(11)成一体，并且所述离合器(C)的所述驱动轴(C2)与所述电机(E)的所述转子(R)成一体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆(1)，其中，所述齿轮箱(G)的所述输入轴(111)连接至所述电机(E)的所述转子(R)，并且其中，所述输出轴(112)通过所述传动单元(T)连接至所述轮(4)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1)，其中：
-所述离合器(C)的所述驱动轴(C1)与所述热力发动机(MT)的所述曲轴(11)成一体，并且所述离合器(C)的所述从动轴(C2)与所述齿轮箱(G)的所述输入轴(111)成一体；
-所述齿轮箱(G)的所述输出轴(112)连接至所述电机(E)的所述转子(R)，并且
其中，所述电机(E)的所述转子(R)通过所述传动单元(T)连接至所述驱动轮(4)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1)，其中，所述传动单元(T)包括连接至所述齿轮箱(G)的所述输出轴(112)的传动轴(T1)以及将所述传动轴(T1)的运动传递至所述驱动轮(4)的传动模块(T2)。
CN202080082141.6A 2019-11-29 2020-11-23 具有混合动力推进装置的鞍乘型车辆 Pending CN114728576A (zh)

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