CN114721143A - Device and method for reconstructing image after penetrating scattering medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for reconstructing an image after the image penetrates through a scattering medium. The method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, modulating laser by using a spatial light modulator to measure a transmission matrix of a scattering system; modulating an image by using a spatial light modulator, and forming a speckle pattern on a detection plane after the image passes through a scattering medium; and performing phase shift on the input image five times, shooting corresponding light field distribution, and performing matrix operation on the image acquired by the photoelectric detector and the transmission matrix to reconstruct the original input image. The image reconstruction method has the advantages of high image reconstruction speed and good effect, and can realize the reconstruction of the input image only by outputting a very small part of the region of the light field; the experimental light path is simple, easy to build and good in stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of scattering imaging, and particularly relates to a device and a method for reconstructing an image after the image penetrates through a scattering medium.
Background
Vision dominates the way humans acquire foreign information, and they observe the world with both eyes and optical instruments. For the majority of the scientific history, optical studies have generally been limited to homogeneous, isotropic media. In these media, the transmission trajectory of light waves can be precisely determined. However, when the light meets scattering media such as ground glass, paper, biological tissues and the like, the light is scattered and is diffused in all directions around, so that the correlation with the original incident light is lost or even completely lost. In this case, whether using the human eye or conventional optical means, only chaotic images are obtained, from which it is difficult to extract useful information. But the process of scattering is not truly random and the information of the incident light is not lost. For a time invariant scattering system, the input and output light fields always correspond one to one. As such, it becomes possible to recover the original input image from the output speckle pattern.
In 2010, Popoff et al in france proposed a method for measuring a transmission matrix of a scattering medium, and used the measured transmission matrix to realize focusing of light waves transmitted through the scattering medium and reconstruction of images after transmission and scattering. In 2013, river and oriented people at the university of middle mountains, with the help of a memory effect of a scattering medium, the restoration of an image hidden behind the medium is realized by using a wave front shaping technology based on a genetic algorithm. In 2018, the modernized annealing algorithm-based wavefront shaping technology is used by the skyrockey and the like of the university of Sichuan to reconstruct an image hidden by a scattering medium. Compared with the image reconstruction based on the genetic algorithm, the method provided by the Fanglong proves that the method has better recovery effect and faster speed. However, the above image reconstruction techniques have their disadvantages, such as that the reconstruction techniques of river and kongjie need to consume a lot of time, and once the input image is changed, the wave front shaping optimization needs to be performed again; although the Popoff reconstruction technique has advantages in runtime, the recovery effect is still not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for reconstructing an image after the image penetrates through a scattering medium.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a device that rebuilds after scattering medium is passed through to image, includes laser source, polaroid, first objective, pinhole, first lens, first beam splitter, second beam splitter, spatial light modulator, second lens, scattering medium, second objective, photoelectric detector, laser source, polaroid, first objective, pinhole, first lens, first beam splitter, second beam splitter, spatial light modulator, second lens, scattering medium, second objective, photoelectric detector are set up to:
the laser emitted by the laser source passes through the polaroid to correct the polarization state, and passes through the first objective lens, the pinhole and the first lens to realize collimation and beam expansion; the expanded laser is divided into two parallel beams by a first beam splitter, wherein one parallel beam is continuously divided into two parallel beams by a second beam splitter, and one parallel beam irradiates a spatial light modulator for modulation; the modulated light beam is divided into two beams of light after passing through the beam splitter again, wherein one beam of light continuously propagates forwards and is converged on a scattering medium by a second lens to form scattered light; part of light beams which irradiate on the spatial light modulator but are not modulated form scattered light after passing through the beam splitter, the second lens and the scattering medium, and the scattered light plays a role of reference light; scattered light formed by the modulated light beam and the reference scattered light are interfered on a detection plane of the photoelectric detector after passing through the second objective lens and are received and detected by the photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the laser light source is a continuous laser, and the emitted light beam is a continuous visible laser.
Preferably, the pinhole is placed in the focal plane of the first lens so that the light beam forms parallel light after passing through the first lens.
Preferably, the spatial light modulator is a phase-only type spatial light modulator.
Preferably, the scattering medium is glass with a zinc oxide coating.
The invention also discloses a method for reconstructing an image after the image penetrates through a scattering medium, which comprises the following specific steps:
and 3, converting the speckle pattern acquired by the photoelectric detector into matrix data, and performing matrix operation on the matrix data and the measured transmission matrix to reconstruct the original input image.
Preferably, the measurement of the transmission matrix of the scattering system by using the five-step phase shifting method specifically comprises the following steps: and dividing the modulation area of the spatial light modulator into N large pixels as an input free mode of the scattering system. Firstly, calculating the output complex amplitude formed after the spatial light modulator modulates the nth column vector of the N-order Hadamard matrix:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
the light intensity distribution detected by the photoelectric detector when the phase of the spatial light modulator is shifted by 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi respectively is E1To ENThese N column vectors may constitute an N-order matrix E. The transmission matrix of the scattering system is then:
in the formula, KobsRepresenting the measured transmission matrix of the scattering system, HNRepresenting a hadamard matrix of order N.
Preferably, generating the input image is specifically: firstly, a random phase image is generated
Its phase is phi(1)Regenerating a second phase image
Make its phase phi(2)＝φ(1)+φimageWherein phiimageFor a given phase distribution associated with the input image amplitude, then
And
subtracting to get a new image:
Eimagei.e. the amplitude and of the input image
And (4) in proportion.
Preferably, the transmission matrix KobsAnd reconstructing the original input image by the acquired speckle pattern specifically comprises the following steps: first computing spatial light modulator modulation
And
the output complex amplitude after:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
respectively spatial light modulator inputs
And the phase shifts are 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, the light intensity distribution detected by the photoelectric detector,
and
respectively spatial light modulator inputs
And the phase shifts are 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, the light intensity distribution detected by the photoelectric detector is as follows:
wherein W is the transmission matrix KobsThe mean square optimization operator of (a), can be obtained by:
where σ is the experimental noise level, INIs an N-order identity matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the experimental light path is simple and easy to build, independent reference light does not need to be introduced for measurement of the transmission matrix and reconstruction of the image, and the experimental stability is high.
(2) The invention has the advantages of time consumption of image reconstruction, and can generate an image with the size of 32 multiplied by 32, collect speckle data and reconstruct the image only needing about 4.8s on average after a transmission matrix is measured.
(3) The image reconstruction method has excellent image reconstruction effect, can realize the high-efficiency reconstruction of the image without generating a plurality of input images with the same amplitude to smooth the noise distribution, and has the correlation coefficient of more than 0.95 between all the reconstructed images and the original input images.
(4) The invention can fully utilize the output speckle information, and can realize the reconstruction of the image only by a very small part (the proportion is less than one percent) of the speckle pattern collected by the photoelectric detector.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for reconstructing an image after transmission through a scattering medium.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the image reconstruction effect achieved by the invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus and a method for reconstructing an image after transmitting a scattering medium are characterized by comprising a laser light source 1, a polarizer 2, a first objective lens 3, a pinhole 4, a first lens 5, a first beam splitter 6, a second beam splitter 7, a spatial light modulator 8, a second lens 9, a scattering medium 10, a second objective lens 11, and a photodetector 12; the laser light source 1, the polaroid 2, the first objective 3, the pinhole 4, the first lens 5, the first beam splitter 6, the second beam splitter 7, the spatial light modulator 8, the second lens 9, the scattering medium 10, the second objective 11 and the photoelectric detector 12 are arranged as follows:
the laser emitted by the laser source 1 passes through the polaroid 2 to correct the polarization state, and passes through the first objective lens 3, the pinhole 4 and the first lens 5 to realize collimation and beam expansion; the expanded laser is divided into two parallel beams by a first beam splitter 6, wherein one parallel beam is continuously divided into two parallel beams by a second beam splitter 7, and the two parallel beams irradiate a spatial light modulator 8 for modulation; the modulated light beam is divided into two beams of light after passing through the beam splitter 7 again, wherein one beam of light continuously propagates forwards and is converged on a scattering medium 10 by a second lens 9 to form scattered light; the part of light beams which irradiate on the spatial light modulator 8 but are not modulated also form scattered light after passing through the beam splitter 7, the second lens 9 and the scattering medium 10, and the scattered light plays a role of reference light; the scattered light and the reference scattered light formed by the modulated light beam interfere with each other on the detection plane of the photodetector 12 after passing through the second objective lens 11, and are received and detected by the photodetector 12.
In a further embodiment, the laser source 1 is a continuous laser, and the emitted light beam is a continuous visible laser.
In a further embodiment, the pinhole 4 is placed in the focal plane of the first lens 5, so that the light beam forms parallel light after passing through the first lens 5.
In a further embodiment, the spatial light modulator 8 is a phase-only type spatial light modulator.
In a further embodiment, the scattering medium 10 is glass with a zinc oxide coating.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, a spatial light modulator 8 is used for loading column vectors of a Hadamard matrix, a photoelectric detector 12 is used for receiving a speckle pattern formed by a detection light beam after passing through a scattering medium 10, and a five-step phase shifting method is used for measuring a transmission matrix of a scattering system; modulating an input image by using a spatial light modulator 8, performing five phase shifts, wherein the five moving phases are respectively 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, and acquiring a corresponding speckle pattern by using a photoelectric detector 12; finally, the corresponding speckle pattern collected by the photoelectric detector 12 is converted into matrix data, and matrix operation is carried out on the matrix data and the measured transmission matrix, so that the original input image can be reconstructed.
According to the invention, independent reference light is not required to be introduced for measurement of the transmission matrix and reconstruction of the image, so that the difficulty in building the experimental device is reduced, and the stability of the experimental system is improved.
A method for reconstructing an image after the image penetrates through a scattering medium comprises the following specific steps:
And 2, dividing the modulation area of the spatial light modulator 8 into N large pixels which serve as N input free modes of the scattering system. Loading of a Hadamard matrix H of order N using a spatial light modulator 8NAnd further modulated by a five-step phase shifting method, and the speckle pattern formed by the light beam after passing through the scattering medium is received and detected by the photodetector 12. The calculation formula of the output complex amplitude formed after the spatial light modulator 8 modulates the nth column vector of the N-order hadamard matrix is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
the output light intensity distributions when the spatial light modulator 8 shifts the phase by 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2, and 2 pi, respectively. E obtained after the spatial light modulator 8 completes modulation1To ENThese N column vectors may constitute an N-order matrix E. The calculation formula of the transmission matrix of the scattering system is then:
in the formula, KobsI.e. representing the measured scattering system transmission matrix.
And 3, modulating an input image by using the spatial light modulator 8, wherein the input image is shown in figures 2(a-d) and is generated by the following method: firstly, a random phase image is generated
Its phase is phi(1)Regenerating a second phase image
Its phase phi(2)Phi is formed by(1)And phiimageIs added to obtainimageIs a given phase distribution associated with the input image amplitude. Thus, from
And
the subtraction results in a new image:
Eimagei.e. the amplitude of said input image and
and (4) in proportion.
The input image is phase shifted five times with the five phases shifted set to 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, respectively. The scattered image is illuminated onto photodetector 12 and is received for detection.
Step 4, converting the corresponding speckle pattern collected by the photodetector 12 into matrix data,
and
the corresponding output complex amplitudes are:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
respectively modulating the spatial light modulator 8
And the output light intensity distribution when the phase shift is 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi,
and
respectively modulating the spatial light modulator 8
And the output light intensity distribution when the phase shift is 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, so that the calculation formula of the reconstructed image is as follows:
wherein W is the transmission matrix KobsThe mean square optimization operator of (a), can be obtained by:
where σ is the experimental noise level, INIs an N-order identity matrix.
The invention realizes the efficient reconstruction of the image through the scattering medium, and the reconstructed image is shown as figure 2 (e-h).
Claims (9)
1. A device and a method for reconstructing an image after the image penetrates through a scattering medium are characterized by comprising a laser light source (1), a polaroid (2), a first objective lens (3), a pinhole (4), a first lens (5), a first beam splitter (6), a second beam splitter (7), a spatial light modulator (8), a second lens (9), a scattering medium (10), a second objective lens (11) and a photoelectric detector (12); the laser source (1), polaroid (2), first objective (3), pinhole (4), first lens (5), first beam splitter (6), second beam splitter (7), spatial light modulator (8), second lens (9), scattering medium (10), second objective (11), photoelectric detector (12) are set up to be:
the polarization state of the laser emitted by the laser source (1) is corrected by the polaroid (2) so as to adapt to the requirement of the spatial light modulator (8); then, the laser realizes collimation and beam expansion after passing through a first objective lens (3), a pinhole (4) and a first lens (5); the expanded laser is divided into two parallel beams by a first beam splitter (6), wherein one parallel beam is continuously divided into two parallel beams by a second beam splitter (7), and the one parallel beam irradiates a spatial light modulator (8) for modulation; the modulated light beam is divided into two beams of light after passing through the beam splitter (7) again, wherein one beam of light continuously propagates forwards and is converged on a scattering medium (10) by a second lens (9) to form scattered light; part of light beams which irradiate on the spatial light modulator (8) but are not modulated form scattered light after passing through the beam splitter (7), the second lens (9) and the scattering medium (10), and the scattered light plays a role of reference light; scattered light and reference scattered light formed by the modulated light beam pass through the second objective lens (11), interfere on a detection plane of the photoelectric detector (12), and are received and detected by the photoelectric detector (12).
2. Device for the reconstruction of an image through a scattering medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser source (1) is a continuous laser, the emitted beam being a continuous visible laser.
3. An apparatus for image reconstruction after transmission through a scattering medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the pinhole (4) is placed in the focal plane of the first lens (5) so that the beam of light forms parallel light after passing through the first lens (5).
4. An apparatus for the reconstruction of an image after transmission through a scattering medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the spatial light modulator (8) is of the phase-only type.
5. Device for the reconstruction of an image after transmission through a scattering medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the scattering medium (10) is glass with a zinc oxide coating.
6. The method for reconstructing an image according to any one of claims 1 to 5 through a scattering medium, comprising the steps of:
step 1, loading column vectors of a Hadamard matrix by using a spatial light modulator (8), receiving a speckle pattern formed by a detection light beam after passing through a scattering medium (10) by using a photoelectric detector (12), and measuring a transmission matrix of a scattering system by using a five-step phase-shifting method;
step 2, modulating an input image by using a spatial light modulator (8), performing five phase shifts, wherein the five moving phases are respectively 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, and acquiring a corresponding speckle pattern by using a photoelectric detector (12);
and 3, converting the corresponding speckle pattern acquired by the photoelectric detector (12) into matrix data, and performing matrix operation on the matrix data and the measured transmission matrix to reconstruct the original input image.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of measuring the transmission matrix of the scattering system by using a five-step phase-shifting method comprises: the modulation area of the spatial light modulator (8) is divided into N large pixels as the input free mode of the scattering system. Firstly, calculating the output complex amplitude when the spatial light modulator (8) modulates the nth column vector of the N-order Hadamard matrix:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
the light intensity distribution detected by the photodetector (12) when the phase of the spatial light modulator (8) is shifted by 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, respectively, is E1To ENThese N column vectors may constitute an N-th order matrix E. The transmission matrix of the scattering system is then:
in the formula, KobsRepresenting the measured transmission matrix of the scattering system, HNRepresenting a hadamard matrix of order N.
8. A method for reconstructing an image after transmission through a scattering medium as claimed in claim 6, wherein generating the input image is specifically: firstly, a random phase image is generated
Its phase is phi(1)Regenerating a second phase image
Make its phase phi(2)＝φ(1)+φimageWherein phiimageFor a given phase distribution associated with the input image amplitude, then
And
subtracting to get a new image:
Eimagei.e. the amplitude and of said input image
And (4) in proportion.
9. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the transmission matrix K is a transmission matrixobsAnd reconstructing the original input image by the acquired speckle pattern specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, a spatial light modulator (8) is calculated to modulate
And
the output complex amplitude after:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
are respectively input to a spatial light modulator (8)
And the phase shift is 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, the light intensity distribution detected by the photoelectric detector (12),
and
are respectively input to a spatial light modulator (8)
And the phase shifts are 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2 and 2 pi, the light intensity distribution detected by the photoelectric detector (12) is obtained, and then the reconstructed image is:
wherein W is the transmission matrix KobsMean Square Optimized operator (Mean Square Optimized operator):
where σ is the experimental noise level, INIs an N-order identity matrix.
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