CN114720042B - Shock wave energy passive measurement device and method based on one-way oil pressure valve - Google Patents
Shock wave energy passive measurement device and method based on one-way oil pressure valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN114720042B CN114720042B CN202210352179.1A CN202210352179A CN114720042B CN 114720042 B CN114720042 B CN 114720042B CN 202210352179 A CN202210352179 A CN 202210352179A CN 114720042 B CN114720042 B CN 114720042B
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 278
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008458 response to injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/14—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force of explosions; for measuring the energy of projectiles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shock wave energy passive measurement device and a shock wave energy passive measurement method based on a one-way oil pressure valve, and aims to solve the problems of low shock wave measurement accuracy, high layout difficulty and high cost at present. The measuring device consists of a hydraulic oil container, hydraulic oil, a driving sliding block, a connecting piece, an oil receiving container, a fixed cover plate and a sealing ring. The wall of the hydraulic oil container is provided with an oil inlet valve for injecting hydraulic oil, and the driving sliding block freely slides in the hydraulic oil container; a one-way oil pressure valve is arranged at the center of the connecting piece, so that the hydraulic oil container is communicated with the oil receiving container; the driving slide block obtains kinetic energy to apply work after being acted by shock waves in the explosion shock wave measuring process, pressure is applied to hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil enters the oil receiving container through the one-way oil pressure valve, and measuring the shock wave energy of the explosion field according to the corresponding relation between the volume of the hydraulic oil collected in the oil receiving container and the shock wave energy. The device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient layout, and can accurately measure the energy of the shock wave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of explosion field shock wave parameter measurement, in particular to a shock wave energy measurement device based on a one-way oil pressure valve.
Background
When the explosive explodes in the air, the pressure, density, temperature and other states of the surrounding air change suddenly to generate shock waves. The blast wave can cause destructive damage to personnel, equipment and buildings in the vicinity of the blast field, and the destructive effect of the blast wave can be measured by the overpressure of the blast wave. The shock wave is generated and propagates in the form of a wave front, and the overpressure on the shock wave front is related to the shock wave energy. In order to evaluate the destructive power of an explosive shock wave, the energy of the explosive shock wave needs to be measured. The existing measuring method for the explosion shock wave parameters mainly comprises an equivalent target method, an electrical measuring method, a biological effect method and the like.
The equivalent target method is to fix the equivalent target with similar damage mechanism with the actual target in the explosion field after calibration, and qualitatively evaluate the damage effect of the shock wave to the actual target according to the damage degree of the equivalent target after the explosion shock wave. The corresponding relation between the damage grade of the equivalent target and the actual target damage grade under the same explosion shock wave effect can rapidly determine the damage grade of the corresponding actual target. However, in the actual measurement process, the difference of the equivalent target and the actual target resisting shock waves is difficult to eliminate, and under the given constraint condition, the characteristic of deformation damage response degree of the equivalent target and the actual target under the action of the explosion shock waves is different. And by observing the damage morphology on the equivalent target, the explosion field parameters such as the pressure and the energy of the shock wave are difficult to reversely push, and the measurement precision and the measurement accuracy are not high.
The electrical measurement method is to convert physical signals in an explosion field into electrical signals through an electrical measurement sensor so as to measure explosion shock wave parameters. Because the testing environment of the explosion field is very bad, the effects of mechanical vibration, impact, thermal action, electromagnetic interference and the like can be generated, and the stability and the accuracy of the output result of the electric measuring sensor can be influenced by the interference effects. Meanwhile, the installation and arrangement of cables in the electrical measurement sensor system are complex, and are easy to be interfered by environmental factors. In the measurement research of explosion shock wave parameters, the problems of low measurement accuracy, easiness in influence of environmental factors and difficulty in layout are required to be solved.
The bioeffect method is to arrange the selected living things in an explosion field according to a certain requirement, observe the damage condition of the living things after the explosive explodes, and judge the power of the shock wave according to the damage degree of the biological target. The biological effect method is more affected factors in the implementation, cannot obtain the influence of different pressure peaks and durations on biological targets, and is not suitable for evaluating the destructive power of explosion shock waves in a large number.
Therefore, the current method for measuring the explosion shock wave parameters is not easy to be influenced by environmental factors, so that the measurement result is not accurate enough, or the layout is difficult and the cost is high. How to improve the stability and accuracy of the explosion shock wave energy measuring method, reduce the layout difficulty and reduce the cost is a technical problem which is extremely focused by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low stability and accuracy, high layout difficulty and high cost of the traditional explosion shock wave energy measuring method, and provides a shock wave energy passive measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve.
The invention comprises a hydraulic oil container, hydraulic oil, an oil inlet valve, a driving sliding block, a one-way oil pressure valve, a connecting piece, an oil receiving container, a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve, a fixed cover plate and a sealing ring. The hydraulic oil container is used for filling hydraulic oil and can be a hollow metal round tube with two open ends. The round tube is made of high-strength alloy material, and has yield strength sigma 1 And density ρ 1 Respectively satisfy sigma 1 >210MPa、ρ 1 >2.1g/cm 3 . The outer diameter of the hydraulic oil container is D 1 ，D 1 Satisfy 0.05m<D 1 <0.5m, the inner diameter of the hydraulic oil container is D 2 ，D 2 Satisfy 0.6D 1 <D 2 <0.9D 1 . The thickness of the hydraulic oil container is t 1 ，t 1 Satisfy t 1 ＝D 1 -D 2 . The length of the hydraulic oil container is L 1 ，L 1 Satisfy 1.0D 1 <L 1 <10D 1 . The opening at one end of the hydraulic oil container is fixed and sealed by the driving sliding block, the fixed cover plate and the sealing ring, and the opening at the other end of the hydraulic oil container is connected with the oil receiving container through the connecting piece. The inner wall of the hydraulic oil container is provided with internal threads of the hydraulic oil container near the port connected with the connecting piece, and the length of the internal threads of the hydraulic oil container is l 1 ，l 1 Satisfy 0.05L 1 <l 1 <0.2L 1 . The outer wall of the hydraulic oil container is provided with external threads of the hydraulic oil container for connecting the fixed cover plate near the port connected with the fixed cover plate, and the length of the external threads of the hydraulic oil container is l 2 ，l 2 Satisfy 0.06L 1 <l 2 <0.3L 1 。
An oil inlet valve is arranged on the outer pipe wall of the hydraulic oil container and is used for injecting hydraulic oil. The oil inlet valve is a cylinder, and the diameter of the oil inlet valve is d 1 ，d 1 Satisfy 0.005m<d 1 <0.05m. The length of the oil inlet valve is L 2 Satisfy 0.1L 1 <L 2 <2L 1 . The distance between the oil inlet valve and the port of the connecting piece on the hydraulic oil container is l 3 ，l 3 Satisfy 0.1L 1 <l 3 <0.5L 1 。
The hydraulic oil is used for absorbing the shock wave energy, has good rust resistance and oxidation resistance, is not easy to oxidize and deteriorate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and has long service life. When the shock wave acts, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container flows into the oil receiving container through the one-way oil valve in the connecting piece under the action of the driving sliding block.
The driving slide block is used for extruding hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container and is made of high-strength alloy, and the yield strength sigma of the driving slide block 2 And density ρ 2 Respectively satisfy sigma 2 >210MPa、ρ 2 >2.1g/cm 3 . The driving slide block is a solid cylinder, and the diameter of the driving slide block is D 3 ，D 3 Satisfy D 3 ＝D 2 . The length of the driving slide block is L 3 ，L 3 Satisfy 0.05L 1 <L 3 <0.5L 1 . The sliding block is arranged in the hydraulic oil container and can slide in the hydraulic oil container. One end of the driving sliding block is contacted with hydraulic oil, and the other end of the driving sliding block is close to the sealing gasket and the fixed cover plate. When the shock wave acts, the driving sliding block obtains kinetic energy under the impact of the shock wave so as to apply pressure to the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container.
The connecting piece is used for connecting the hydraulic oil container and the oil receiving container, and is made of high-strength alloy, and the yield strength sigma of the connecting piece 3 And density ρ 3 Respectively satisfy sigma 3 >210MPa、ρ 3 >2.1g/cm 3 . The connecting piece is cylindrical, and the diameter of the connecting piece is D 4 ，D 4 Satisfy D 4 ＝D 2 . The length of the connecting piece is L 4 ，L 4 Satisfy 2l 2 <L 4 <4l 2 . The external surface of the connecting piece is provided with connecting piece external threads which are matched with internal threads in the hydraulic oil container and the oil receiving container, and are connected with each otherThe external threads of the connecting pieces at the two ends of the connecting piece are respectively used for connecting the hydraulic oil container and the oil receiving container.
The one-way oil pressure valve is used for realizing one-way flow of hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil container to the oil collecting container and preventing the reverse flow of the hydraulic oil. The one-way oil pressure valve is a straight-through one-way valve and is positioned on the central axis of the connecting piece. The diameter of the one-way oil pressure valve is D 5 ，D 5 Satisfy 0.1D 4 <D 5 <0.5D 4 The length of the one-way oil pressure valve is L 5 ，L 5 Satisfy L 5 ＝L 4 . The one-way oil pressure valve is a spring type check valve, the valve clack controlled by a spring is jacked up by pressure, and after the pressure disappears, the valve clack is pressed down by spring force to seal liquid to flow backwards. The unidirectional oil pressure valve is a unidirectional transport channel of hydraulic oil, when the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container is acted by the pressure of the driving sliding block, the hydraulic oil enters the unidirectional oil pressure valve, and the valve of the unidirectional oil valve is opened against the spring force and the friction force, so that the hydraulic oil flows into the oil receiving container.
The oil receiving container is used for collecting hydraulic oil flowing out through the one-way oil pressure valve. The oil receiving container is a hollow metal round tube with one end open, the oil receiving container is made of high-strength alloy material, and the yield strength sigma of the oil receiving container 4 And density ρ 4 Respectively satisfy sigma 4 >210MPa、ρ 4 >2.1g/cm 3 . The outer diameter of the oil container is D 6 ，D 6 Satisfy D 6 ＝D 1 The inner diameter of the oil container is D 7 ，D 7 Satisfy D 7 ＝D 2 . The thickness of the oil container is t 2 ，t 2 Satisfy t 2 ＝t 1 . The length of the oil container is L 6 ，L 6 Satisfy L 6 ＝L 1 . One end of the opening of the oil receiving container is provided with an inner thread of the oil receiving container which is matched with the outer thread of the connecting piece, and the length of the inner thread of the oil receiving container is l 4 ，l 4 Satisfy l 4 ＝l 1 . The other end of the oil receiving container is sealed and is provided with a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve which is used for discharging the hydraulic oil collected in the oil receiving container after vacuumizing and explosion impact of the oil receiving container. The vacuumizing and oil discharging valve is a cylinder, and the diameter of the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve isd 2 ，d 2 Satisfy 0.005m<d 2 <0.05m. The length of the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve is L 7 Satisfy 0.1L 6 <L 7 <0.3L 6 . The distance between the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve and the central axis OO' of the oil receiving container 5 is l 5 ，l 5 Satisfy 0.1D 6 <l 5 <0.4D 6 。
The fixed cover plate is used for closing one end of the hydraulic oil container. The fixed cover plate is a hollow cylinder with one end closed and one end opened, the fixed cover plate is made of high-strength alloy material, and the yield strength sigma of the fixed cover plate 5 And density ρ 5 Respectively satisfy sigma 5 >210MPa、ρ 5 >2.1g/cm 3 . The outer diameter of the fixed cover plate is D 8 ，D 8 Satisfy 0.054m<D 8 <0.504m, the inner diameter of the fixed cover plate is D 9 ，D 9 Satisfy D 9 ＝D 1 . The thickness of the fixed cover plate is t 3 ，t 3 Satisfy t 3 ＝D 8 -D 9 . The inner wall of the fixed cover plate is provided with cover plate internal threads, the fixed cover plate internal threads are used for being connected with external threads on the outer wall of the hydraulic oil container, and the length of the cover plate internal threads is l 6 ，l 6 Satisfy l 6 ＝l 2 . The length of the fixed cover plate is L 8 ，L 8 Satisfy L 8 ＝t 3 +l 6 . A circular cover plate through hole is arranged at the bottom of the fixed cover plate, and the diameter of the cover plate through hole is D 10 ，D 10 Satisfy 0.5D 3 <D 10 <0.9D 3 . When the shock wave acts on the surface of the fixed cover plate, the shock wave can directly act on the driving sliding block through the through hole of the cover plate, so that the driving sliding block obtains kinetic energy.
The sealing ring is used for sealing the hydraulic oil container. The sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the fixed cover plate and the hydraulic oil container, and the fixed cover plate is connected to the hydraulic oil container through threads. The sealing ring is made of rubber materials and has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, tearing resistance and compression deformation resistance. The sealing ring is a circular ring slice, and the outer diameter of the sealing ring is D 11 ，D 11 Satisfy D 11 ＝D 9 The inner diameter of the sealing ring is D 12 ，D 12 Satisfy D 12 ＝D 10 . The thickness of the sealing ring is t 4 ，t 4 Satisfy 0.001m<t 4 <0.01m。
Before explosion impact, the driving sliding block is placed in the hydraulic oil container, one end of the hydraulic oil container is connected with the oil receiving container through the connecting piece, the other end of the hydraulic oil container is connected with the fixed cover plate after being filled with the sealing ring, and hydraulic oil is injected into the hydraulic oil container through the oil inlet valve. (if necessary, filling can be performed by a certain pressurizing mode to ensure that the hydraulic oil is completely filled in the container; the filled pressure is smaller than the opening pressure of the one-way oil pressure valve, and the pressure needs to be accurately recorded). In order to realize unidirectional flow of hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil container to the oil receiving container, the oil receiving container needs to be vacuumized through a vacuumizing valve and an oil discharging valve, so that the hydraulic oil flowing into the oil receiving container is further prevented from flowing back. Because the one-way oil pressure valve in the connecting piece isolates the hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil cannot flow into the oil receiving container before explosion impact. The side face of the driving sliding block in the hydraulic oil container is contacted with the inner pipe wall of the hydraulic oil container, and the driving sliding block can slide in the hydraulic oil container. After the hydraulic oil is injected into the hydraulic oil container, the driving sliding block slides to a port, close to one side of the fixed cover plate, in the hydraulic oil container. Because the diameter of the driving sliding block is larger than that of the through hole in the fixed cover plate, the driving sliding block is contacted with the sealing ring, and hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container does not flow out to the outside through the fixing function of the fixed cover plate. When the driving sliding block is acted by the outside, the driving sliding block obtains kinetic energy and then extrudes hydraulic oil, the hydraulic oil applies pressure to the one-way oil pressure valve to enable the one-way valve to be opened, and at the moment, the hydraulic oil can flow into the oil receiving container through the one-way oil pressure valve. After the explosion shock wave acts, the fixed cover plate and the sealing ring are fixed. After the driving sliding block receives the action of shock waves, the driving sliding block obtains kinetic energy to do work, pressure is applied to hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container, and the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container flows into the oil receiving container through the one-way oil pressure valve in the connecting piece after receiving the pressure action. The volume of hydraulic oil in the oil receiving container after explosion impact is DeltaV, the energy of explosion impact wave is E, and the shock wave energy E is obtained according to a corresponding relation E=k.DeltaV of the shock wave energy and the volume of the hydraulic oil, wherein k is the energy sensitivity coefficient of the invention. When the geometric dimensions of the components in the device are changed, measuring devices with different measuring ranges can be obtained, and the measurement of explosion shock waves with different sizes can be realized.
The method for measuring the shock wave energy by adopting the passive shock wave energy measuring device of the one-way oil pressure valve comprises the following steps:
first, by gas-driven striking technique (see Wang Jingui. Principle of gas cannon and technique [ M ]]National defense industry Press, 2001:40-54.) to calibrate an energy sensitivity coefficient k (unit is kg.m) of the impact wave energy measuring device of the one-way oil pressure valve 2 /(s 2 L)). In the calibration experiment, the position of the impact wave energy measuring device of the one-way oil pressure valve needs to be adjusted so that the trajectory is coaxial with the driving sliding block. The light air cannon system loads the projectile through compressed air expansion acting, and the projectile vertically impacts the driving sliding block after the initial speed is obtained. After the driving sliding block obtains kinetic energy, hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container is extruded, and the hydraulic oil enters the oil receiving container through a one-way oil pressure valve in the connecting piece. The mass of the pellet is m 0 The mass of the driving slide block is m 1 Measuring by laser velocimeter to obtain initial velocity v of the projectile 0 . In the calibration experiment, the collision between the projectile and the driving slide block is elastic collision, and the deformation energy of the projectile and the driving slide block is ignored. Calculating the speed v of the driving sliding block after collision according to an elastic collision formula 1 ＝2m 0 v 0 /(m 0 +m 1 ) The kinetic energy obtained by driving the sliding block is E 1 ＝m 1 v 1 2 And/2, measuring the volume of the hydraulic oil collected by the oil collecting container to be delta V. According to energy E 1 Corresponding relation E between the hydraulic oil volume DeltaV 1 =k·Δv, thereby obtaining the value of the energy sensitivity coefficient k.
And secondly, injecting hydraulic oil into the hydraulic oil container through an oil inlet valve, vacuumizing the oil receiving container through a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve, and fixedly placing the passive measuring device for the impact wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve in an explosion field through a bracket.
Thirdly, the explosive explodes at the explosion point, the generated explosion air shock wave acts on the surface of the driving sliding block, the driving sliding block slides after obtaining kinetic energy and extrudes hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container, the one-way oil pressure valve in the connecting piece is opened after being acted by the pressure of the hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil enters the oil receiving container through the one-way oil pressure valve.
And fourthly, after the explosion is finished, discharging the hydraulic oil in the oil receiving container through a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve, and measuring to obtain the volume delta V of the discharged hydraulic oil.
And fifthly, calculating the shock wave energy E according to a relation E=k.delta V of the shock wave energy and the volume of the hydraulic oil.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. after the explosion impact, the sliding block is driven to obtain kinetic energy, pressure is applied to hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil container, and the hydraulic oil flows into the oil receiving container from the one-way oil pressure valve in the connecting piece. The energy of the explosion shock wave can be obtained through the corresponding relation between the volume of the hydraulic oil collected by the oil receiving container and the energy of the shock wave.
2. According to the invention, the size of hydraulic oil flowing into the oil receiving container can be controlled by changing the specification of the one-way oil pressure valve, so that measuring devices with different measuring ranges can be obtained, and the measurement of shock waves with different sizes can be realized. At the same time, the measuring range of the measuring device can be changed by changing the geometric dimensions of each component in the device.
3. The device mainly comprises a hydraulic oil container, an oil receiving container, a connecting piece and a fixed cover plate, has a simple structure, can be directly arranged in an explosion field, and is easy to operate. The device is a passive sensor, does not need to externally provide power supply, and is not interfered by electromagnetic factors. The power of the shock wave can be estimated according to the volume of the hydraulic oil discharged when the explosion shock wave is measured, and the device has certain stability and reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the passive measuring device for shock wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve.
Fig. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the passive measuring device of shock wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve of the present invention before being subjected to an explosion shock.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the passive measuring device for shock wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the passive shock wave energy measuring device for the one-way oil pressure valve of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view of the passive measuring device for shock wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve of the present invention after being subjected to an explosion shock.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. the hydraulic oil valve comprises a hydraulic oil container, an oil inlet valve, an oil container internal thread, a hydraulic oil container external thread, a hydraulic oil, a driving sliding block, a connecting piece, a one-way oil pressure valve, a connecting piece external thread, a receiving oil container internal thread, a vacuum pumping and oil discharging valve, a fixed cover plate, a cover plate through hole, a cover plate internal thread, a sealing ring and an explosion point.
Detailed Description
According to the basic design principle of hydraulic oil flow absorption and transmission of shock wave energy, the invention designs a shock wave energy passive measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve by considering the geometric dimensions of all parts and the coordination relation among all parts. For ease of understanding, the detailed description is presented with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the invention is composed of a hydraulic oil container 1, hydraulic oil 2, a driving sliding block 3, a connecting piece 4, an oil receiving container 5, a fixed cover plate 6 and a sealing ring 7. The end defined near the explosion point 8 (i.e., the O-terminal in fig. 1) is the left end of the present invention, and the end defined far from the explosion point 8 (i.e., the O-terminal in fig. 1) is the right end of the present invention. The fixed cover plate 6, the hydraulic oil container 1, the connecting piece 4 and the oil receiving container 5 are coaxially connected in a threaded connection manner from left to right, namely, the centers of the components are all on the central axis OO'. The wall of the hydraulic oil container 1 is provided with an oil inlet valve 11 for injecting hydraulic oil 2, and the driving sliding block 3 can freely slide in the hydraulic oil container 1. A one-way oil pressure valve 41 is arranged at the center of the connecting piece 4, so that the hydraulic oil container 1 is communicated with the oil receiving container 5. One end (right end) of the seal of the oil container 5 is provided with a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve 52, and the bottom of the fixed cover plate 6 is provided with a cover plate through hole 61. A sealing ring 7 capable of sealing hydraulic oil is arranged between the hydraulic oil container 1 and the fixed cover plate 6, and the hydraulic oil container 1 is connected with the fixed cover plate 6 in a threaded connection mode. After the hydraulic oil 2 is injected into the hydraulic oil container 1, the driving sliding block 3 slides to one end of the hydraulic oil container 1 connected with the fixed cover plate 6, and contacts with the sealing ring 7 so as to seal the left end of the hydraulic oil container 1.
Fig. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention prior to an explosion impact. The hydraulic oil container 1 is used for placing the hydraulic oil 2 before explosion impact, and the driving sliding block 3 after explosion is used for extruding the hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1 from left to right under the action of explosion impact waves.
The hydraulic oil container 1 is a circular tube with two open ends, the left port is connected with the fixed cover plate 6 through threads, and the right port is connected with the connecting piece 4 through threads. The hydraulic oil container 1 is made of high-strength alloy material, and the yield strength sigma of the hydraulic oil container 1 1 And density ρ 1 Respectively satisfy sigma 1 >210MPa、ρ 1 >2.1g/cm 3 . Outer diameter D of hydraulic oil container 1 1 Satisfy 0.05m<D 1 <0.5m, the inner diameter of the hydraulic oil container 1 is D 2 Satisfy 0.6D 1 <D 2 <0.9D 1 . Sidewall thickness t of hydraulic oil container 1 1 Satisfy t 1 ＝D 1 -D 2 . Length L of hydraulic oil container 1 1 Satisfy 1.2D 1 <L 1 <2D 1 . The hydraulic oil container 1 has a hydraulic oil container internal thread 12 at the end connected to the connecting piece 4, the length l of the hydraulic oil container internal thread 12 1 Satisfy 0.05L 1 <l 1 <0.2L 1 . The hydraulic oil container 1 has, at the end connected to the fixed cover plate 6, a hydraulic oil container external thread 13 for connecting to the fixed cover plate 6, the length l of the hydraulic oil container external thread 13 2 Satisfy 0.06L 1 <l 2 <0.3L 1 . The wall of the hydraulic oil container 1 is provided with a through hole, and an oil inlet valve 11 is arranged on the through hole and is used for injecting hydraulic oil 2 into the hydraulic oil container 1. The oil inlet valve 11 is a cylinder, and the diameter d of the oil inlet valve 11 1 Satisfy 0.005m<d 1 <Length L of the oil feed valve 11 of 0.05m 2 Satisfy 0.1L 1 <L 2 <0.3L 1 . Oil inlet valve11 distance l from the connection port of the hydraulic oil container 1 to the connection piece 4 3 Satisfy 0.2L 1 <l 3 <0.8L 1 。
The hydraulic oil 2 is used to absorb shock wave energy. The hydraulic oil 2 has good rust resistance and oxidation resistance, is not easy to oxidize and deteriorate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and has long service life. The driving sliding block 3 extrudes the hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1 from left to right under the action of explosion shock wave after explosion, and the hydraulic oil 2 is extruded to flow, so that energy absorption and buffering are realized.
As shown in fig. 1, in combination with fig. 2, the connecting member 4 is a cylinder, the connecting member 4 is made of a high-strength alloy, and the yield strength σ of the connecting member 4 3 And density ρ 3 Respectively satisfy sigma 3 >210MPa、ρ 3 >2.1g/cm 3 . Outer diameter D of connector 4 4 Satisfy D 4 ＝D 2 . Length L of the connector 4 4 Satisfy 2l 2 <L 4 <4l 2 . The outer surface of the connecting piece 4 is provided with a connecting piece external thread 42, and the connecting piece 4 connects the hydraulic oil container 1 with the oil receiving container 5 in a threaded connection mode. The connecting piece 4 is coaxially provided with a one-way oil pressure valve 41 at the center, and the one-way oil pressure valve 41 is used for unidirectionally conveying the hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1 to the oil collecting container 5. The one-way hydraulic valve 41 is a spring-type check valve, and can prevent the hydraulic oil 2 from flowing backward to the hydraulic oil tank 1. Diameter D of one-way oil pressure valve 41 5 Satisfy 0.1D 4 <D 5 <0.5D 4 . Length L of one-way oil pressure valve 41 5 Satisfy L 5 ＝L 4 。
The oil receiving container 5 is a cylinder with one end closed and one end open, and the oil receiving container 5 is used for collecting the hydraulic oil 2 flowing out of the hydraulic oil container 1 after the explosion impact. The oil container 5 is made of high-strength alloy material, and the yield strength sigma of the oil container 5 4 And density ρ 4 Respectively satisfy sigma 4 >210MPa、ρ 4 >2.1g/cm 3 . Outer diameter D of oil container 5 6 Satisfy D 6 ＝D 1 Inner diameter D of oil container 5 7 Satisfy D 7 ＝D 2 . The thickness of the side wall and the bottom end of the oil container 5 is t 2 ，t 2 Satisfy t 2 ＝t 1 . Length L of the oil container 5 6 Satisfy L 6 ＝L 1 . The open end (left end) of the oil container 5 is connected with the external thread 42 of the connecting piece through the internal thread 51 of the oil container, and the length l of the internal thread 51 of the oil container 4 Satisfy l 4 ＝l 1 . The closed end (right end) of the oil container 5 is provided with a vacuum-pumping and oil-discharging valve 52 for pumping vacuum and discharging the collected hydraulic oil 2. Diameter d of evacuation and drain valve 52 2 Satisfy 0.005m<d 2 <0.05m. Length L of evacuation and drain valve 52 7 Satisfy 0.1L 5 <L 7 <0.3L 5 . Distance l between vacuuming and oil discharging valve 52 and central axis OO' of oil container 5 5 Satisfy 0.1D 6 <l 6 <0.4D 6 。
As shown in fig. 1, referring to fig. 2, the driving slider 3 is located in the hydraulic oil container 1, and seals the left port of the hydraulic oil container 1 with the seal ring 7 and the fixed cover plate 6. The driving slide 3 can slide in the hydraulic oil container 1, the driving slide 3 is made of high-strength alloy, and the yield strength sigma of the driving slide 3 2 And density ρ 2 Respectively satisfy sigma 2 >210MPa、ρ 2 >2.1g/cm 3 . The driving slide block 3 is a solid cylinder, and the diameter D of the driving slide block 3 3 Satisfy D 3 ＝D 2 . Length L of drive slider 3 3 Satisfy 0.05L 1 <L 3 <0.5L 1 . The right end of the driving sliding block 3 is contacted with the hydraulic oil 2, and the left end is close to the sealing ring 7 and the fixed cover plate 6. The center of the driving slider 3 (on the axis OO') is aligned with the explosion point 8, and a shock wave generated after the explosion of the explosion point 8 acts on the driving slider 3, and the driving slider 3 applies pressure to the hydraulic oil 2 from left to right.
The fixed cover plate 6 is used for fixing the sealing ring 7 and the driving sliding block 3, so that the left end of the hydraulic oil container 1 is sealed. The fixed cover plate 6 is a hollow cylinder with a left end closed and a right end opened, the fixed cover plate 6 is made of high-strength alloy material, and the yield strength sigma of the fixed cover plate 6 5 And density ρ 5 Respectively satisfy sigma 5 >210MPa、ρ 5 >2.1g/cm 3 . FixingOuter diameter D of cover plate 6 8 Satisfy 0.054m<D 8 <0.504m, inner diameter D of fixed cover plate 6 9 Satisfy D 9 ＝D 1 . Thickness t of side wall of fixed cover plate 6 3 Satisfy t 3 ＝D 8 -D 9 . The fixed cover plate 6 is connected with the external thread 13 of the hydraulic oil container 1 on the outer side wall of the hydraulic oil container through the internal thread 61 of the cover plate on the inner side wall, and the length l of the internal thread 61 of the cover plate 6 Satisfy l 6 ＝l 2 . Length L of fixed cover plate 8 Satisfy L 8 ＝t 3 +l 6 . And a sealing ring 7 is arranged at the joint of the fixed cover plate 6 and the hydraulic oil container 1, so that the left port of the hydraulic oil container 1 is sealed. The left end face of the fixed cover plate 6 is provided with a circular cover plate through hole 61, and the cover plate through hole 61 is coaxial with the OO'. Diameter D of cover plate through hole 61 10 Satisfy 0.5D 3 <D 10 <0.9D 3 . When the explosion shock wave is incident, the explosion shock wave is in direct contact with the driving sliding block 3 through the cover plate through hole 61, so that the driving sliding block 3 can slide after obtaining kinetic energy.
The seal ring 7 is made of a rubber material for sealing the hydraulic oil 2. The sealing ring 7 is a circular ring slice, and the outer diameter D of the sealing ring 7 11 Satisfy D 11 ＝D 9 Inner diameter D of seal ring 7 12 Satisfy D 12 ＝D 10 . Thickness t of seal ring 7 4 Satisfy 0.001m<t 4 <0.01m。
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the device of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, a circular cover through hole 61 is provided in the center of the fixed cover 6, and the driving slider 3 is located inside the cover through hole 61. The diameter of the driving slide block 3 is larger than that of the cover plate through hole 61, after the hydraulic oil 2 is injected into the hydraulic oil container 1 before explosion impact, the driving slide block 3 is restrained by the fixed cover plate 6 after sliding to the port of the hydraulic oil container 1, and cannot slide out of the cover plate through hole 61. The hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1 is sealed through the fixing function of the fixed cover plate 6 and the sealing function of the sealing ring 7 and the driving sliding block 3.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the oil feed valve 11 is located at the upper surface of the hydraulic oil container 1. One end of the hydraulic oil container 1 is connected with a fixed cover plate 6, and the other end is connected with an oil receiving container 5 through a connecting piece 4. The vacuuming and oil discharging valve 52 on the oil container 5 is located at the right closed end of the oil container 5.
Fig. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention after an explosion impact. As shown in fig. 5, the position of the driving slider 3 is changed with respect to the position before the explosion impact, and the hydraulic oil 2 is collected in the oil container 5. When the explosion point 8 explodes, the generated shock wave acts on the driving slider 3, and the driving slider 3 applies pressure to the hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1 from left to right after obtaining kinetic energy. Because the unidirectional oil pressure valve 41 is arranged in the connecting piece 4 between the hydraulic oil container 1 and the oil receiving container 5, the unidirectional oil pressure valve 41 is opened after being acted by pressure, and part of hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1 enters the oil receiving container 5 from the unidirectional oil pressure valve 41. After the oil receiving container 5 is vacuumized by the vacuuming and oil discharging valve 52, the hydraulic oil 41 is unidirectionally transported from left to right without flowing backward. After the impact wave acts, the hydraulic oil 2 collected in the oil container 5 is discharged through the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve 52, the volume of the discharged hydraulic oil 2 is measured to be DeltaV, and the impact wave energy E is obtained according to a corresponding relation E=k.DeltaV of the impact wave energy E and the volume DeltaV of the hydraulic oil 2.
The method for measuring the shock wave energy by adopting the passive shock wave energy measuring device of the one-way oil pressure valve comprises the following steps:
first, by gas-driven striking technique (see Wang Jingui. Principle of gas cannon and technique [ M ]]National defense industry Press, 2001:40-54.) to calibrate an energy sensitivity coefficient k (unit is kg.m) of the impact wave energy measuring device of the one-way oil pressure valve 2 /(s 2 L)). In the calibration experiment, the position of the impact wave energy measuring device of the one-way oil pressure valve needs to be adjusted so that the trajectory is coaxial with the driving sliding block 3. The light air cannon system loads the projectile through compressed air expansion acting, and the projectile vertically impacts the driving sliding block 3 after the initial speed is obtained. After the driving slide block 3 obtains kinetic energy, the hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1 is extruded, and the hydraulic oil 2 enters the oil receiving container 5 through the one-way oil pressure valve 41 in the connecting piece 4. The mass of the pellet is m 0 The mass of the driving slide 3 is m 1 Measuring by laser velocimeter to obtain initial velocity v of the projectile 0 . The collision between the projectile and the driving slide block 3 in the calibration experiment is elastic collisionThe deformation energy of the projectile and the driving slide 3 is ignored. Calculating the speed v of the driving slide 3 after collision according to the elastic collision formula 1 ＝2m 0 v 0 /(m 0 +m 1 ) The kinetic energy obtained by driving the slider 3 is E 1 ＝m 1 v 1 2 And/2, the volume of the hydraulic oil 2 collected by the oil collecting container 5 is measured as DeltaV. According to energy E 1 Corresponding relation E between the hydraulic oil and 2 volume delta V 1 =k·Δv, thereby obtaining the value of the energy sensitivity coefficient k.
And secondly, injecting hydraulic oil 2 into the hydraulic oil container 1 through the oil inlet valve 11, vacuumizing the oil receiving container 5 through the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve 52, and fixedly placing the passive measuring device of the impact wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve in an explosion field through the bracket, wherein the axial sectional view of the passive measuring device of the impact wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve is shown in fig. 2.
Thirdly, the explosive explodes at the explosion point 8, the generated explosion air shock wave acts on the surface of the driving sliding block 3, the driving sliding block 3 slides after obtaining kinetic energy and extrudes the hydraulic oil 2 in the hydraulic oil container 1, the one-way oil pressure valve 41 in the connecting piece 4 is opened after being acted by the pressure of the hydraulic oil 2, the hydraulic oil 2 enters the oil receiving container 5 through the one-way oil pressure valve 41, and the axial cross section of the one-way oil pressure valve shock wave energy passive measuring device is shown in fig. 5.
Fourth, after the explosion, the hydraulic oil 2 in the oil container 5 is discharged through the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve 51, and the volume of the discharged hydraulic oil 2 is measured to be Δv.
And fifthly, calculating the shock wave energy E according to a relation E=k.delta V of the shock wave energy and the volume of the hydraulic oil 2.
The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure and the size of the hydraulic valve can be correspondingly adjusted according to actual needs (for example, the specification of the one-way oil pressure valve is changed to change the measuring range). It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The shock wave energy passive measuring device based on the one-way oil pressure valve is characterized by comprising a hydraulic oil container (1), hydraulic oil (2), a driving sliding block (3), a connecting piece (4), an oil receiving container (5), a fixed cover plate (6) and a sealing ring (7); defining one end, namely an O end, close to the explosion point (8) as the left end of the shock wave energy passive measuring device based on the one-way oil pressure valve, and defining one end, namely an O' end, far away from the explosion point (8) as the right end of the shock wave energy passive measuring device based on the one-way oil pressure valve; the fixed cover plate (6), the hydraulic oil container (1), the connecting piece (4) and the oil receiving container (5) are coaxially connected in a threaded connection mode from left to right; an oil inlet valve (11) for injecting hydraulic oil (2) is arranged on the pipe wall of the hydraulic oil container (1), and the sliding block (3) is driven to freely slide in the hydraulic oil container (1); a one-way oil pressure valve (41) is arranged at the center of the connecting piece (4) so that the hydraulic oil container (1) is communicated with the oil receiving container (5); one end, namely the right end, of the seal of the oil receiving container (5) is provided with a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve (52), and the bottom of the fixed cover plate (6) is provided with a cover plate through hole (61); a sealing ring (7) capable of sealing hydraulic oil is arranged between the hydraulic oil container (1) and the fixed cover plate (6), and the hydraulic oil container (1) is connected with the fixed cover plate (6) in a threaded connection mode; after the hydraulic oil (2) is injected into the hydraulic oil container (1), the driving sliding block (3) slides to one end of the hydraulic oil container (1) connected with the fixed cover plate (6) and contacts with the sealing ring (7) so as to seal the left end of the hydraulic oil container (1);
the hydraulic oil container (1) is used for placing hydraulic oil (2) before explosion impact, and the driving sliding block (3) after explosion extrudes the hydraulic oil (2) in the hydraulic oil container (1) from left to right under the action of explosion impact waves; the hydraulic oil container (1) is a circular tube with openings at two ends, the left port is connected with the fixed cover plate (6) through threads, and the right port is connected with the connecting piece (4) through threads; the hydraulic oil container (1) is made of high-strength alloy material, and the outer diameter of the hydraulic oil container (1) is D 1 An inner diameter of D 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Sidewall thickness t of hydraulic oil container (1) 1 ＝(D 1 -D 2 ) 2; the length of the hydraulic oil container (1) is L 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Hydraulic pressureThe oil container (1) is provided with an internal thread (12) of the hydraulic oil container at one end connected with the connecting piece (4), and the length of the internal thread (12) of the hydraulic oil container is l 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The hydraulic oil container (1) is provided with a hydraulic oil container external thread (13) connected with the fixed cover plate (6) at one end connected with the fixed cover plate (6), and the length of the hydraulic oil container external thread (13) is l 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The wall of the hydraulic oil container (1) is provided with a through hole, and an oil inlet valve (11) is arranged on the through hole;
the hydraulic oil (2) is used for absorbing the energy of the shock wave; after explosion, the driving sliding block (3) extrudes the hydraulic oil (2) in the hydraulic oil container (1) from left to right under the action of explosion shock waves, and the hydraulic oil (2) is extruded to flow, so that energy absorption and buffering are realized;
the connecting piece (4) is a cylinder, the connecting piece (4) is made of high-strength alloy, and the outer diameter of the connecting piece (4) is D 4 Length L 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The outer surface of the connecting piece (4) is provided with a connecting piece external thread (42), and the connecting piece (4) connects the hydraulic oil container (1) with the oil receiving container (5) in a threaded connection mode; the center of the connecting piece (4) is coaxially provided with a one-way oil pressure valve (41), and the one-way oil pressure valve (41) is used for unidirectionally conveying the hydraulic oil (2) in the hydraulic oil container (1) into the oil collecting container (5); the one-way oil pressure valve (41) is a spring type check valve, so that the hydraulic oil (2) is prevented from flowing reversely to the hydraulic oil container (1);
the oil receiving container (5) is a cylinder with one end closed and one end open, and the oil receiving container (5) is used for collecting hydraulic oil (2) flowing out of the hydraulic oil container (1) after the explosion impact action; the oil container (5) is made of high-strength alloy material, and the outer diameter D of the oil container (5) 6 Satisfy D 6 ＝D 1 The inner diameter D of the oil container (5) 7 Satisfy D 7 ＝D 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the One end, namely the left end, of the opening of the oil receiving container (5) is connected with the external thread (42) of the connecting piece through the internal thread (51) of the oil receiving container, and the right end, namely the closed end, of the oil receiving container (5) is provided with a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve (52) for vacuumizing and discharging the collected hydraulic oil (2);
the driving sliding block (3) is positioned in the hydraulic oil container (1), and seals the left port of the hydraulic oil container (1) with the sealing ring (7) and the fixed cover plate (6); the driving sliding block (3) is made of high-strength alloy and drivesThe sliding block (3) is a solid cylinder, and the diameter D of the sliding block (3) is driven 3 Satisfy D 3 ＝D 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The right end of the driving sliding block (3) is contacted with the hydraulic oil (2), and the left end is close to the sealing ring (7) and the fixed cover plate (6); the center of the driving slide block (3) is aligned with the explosion point (8), and shock waves generated after the explosion of the explosion point (8) act on the driving slide block (3), so that the driving slide block (3) applies pressure to the hydraulic oil (2) from left to right;
the fixed cover plate (6) is used for fixing the sealing ring (7) and the driving sliding block (3), so that the left end of the hydraulic oil container (1) is sealed; the fixed cover plate (6) is a hollow cylinder with a left end closed and a right end opened, the fixed cover plate (6) is made of high-strength alloy material, and the outer diameter of the fixed cover plate (6) is D 8 The inner diameter D of the fixed cover plate (6) 9 ＝D 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thickness t of side wall of fixed cover plate (6) 3 Satisfy t 3 ＝(D 8 -D 9 ) 2; the fixed cover plate (6) is connected with the external thread (13) of the hydraulic oil container on the outer side wall of the hydraulic oil container (1) through the internal thread (61) of the cover plate on the inner side wall, and a sealing ring (7) is arranged at the joint of the fixed cover plate (6) and the hydraulic oil container (1), so that the left port of the hydraulic oil container (1) is sealed; the left end face of the fixed cover plate (6) is provided with a circular cover plate through hole (61), and the diameter of the cover plate through hole (61) is D 10 The cover plate through hole (61) is coaxial with the OO'; when explosion shock waves are incident, the explosion shock waves are in direct contact with the driving sliding block (3) through the cover plate through hole (61), so that the driving sliding block (3) slides after obtaining kinetic energy;
the sealing ring (7) is made of rubber material and is used for sealing the hydraulic oil (2); the sealing ring (7) is a circular ring slice, and the outer diameter D of the sealing ring (7) 11 ＝D 9 Inner diameter D of seal ring (7) 12 ＝D 10 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Before explosion impact, after the hydraulic oil (2) is injected into the hydraulic oil container (1), the driving sliding block (3) slides to be in contact with the sealing ring (7), the driving sliding block (3) is fixed at the left port of the hydraulic oil container (1), and the hydraulic oil (2) in the hydraulic oil container (1) is sealed through the fixing function of the fixed cover plate (6) and the sealing function of the sealing ring (7) and the driving sliding block (3).
2. Shock wave energy passive based on one-way oil pressure valve as defined in claim 1Measuring device, characterized in that the hydraulic oil container (1) uses high-strength alloy material with yield strength sigma 1 And density ρ 1 Respectively satisfy sigma 1 >210MPa、ρ 1 >2.1g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Outer diameter D of hydraulic oil container (1) 1 Satisfy 0.05m<D 1 <0.5m, the inner diameter of the hydraulic oil container (1) is D 2 Satisfy 0.6D 1 <D 2 <0.9D 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length L of hydraulic oil container (1) 1 Satisfy 1.2D 1 <L 1 <2D 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of internal thread (12) of hydraulic oil container 1 Satisfy 0.05L 1 <l 1 <0.2L 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of external thread (13) of hydraulic oil container 2 Satisfy 0.06L 1 <l 2 <0.3L 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The oil inlet valve (11) is a cylinder, and the diameter d of the oil inlet valve (11) 1 Satisfy 0.005m<d 1 <Length L of the oil inlet valve (11) of 0.05m 2 Satisfy 0.1L 1 <L 2 <0.3L 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Distance l between oil inlet valve (11) and connecting port of hydraulic oil container (1) and connecting piece (4) 3 Satisfy 0.2L 1 <l 3 <0.8L 1 。
3. The passive shock wave energy measuring device based on the one-way oil pressure valve according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic oil (2) is required to be rust-proof and oxidation-resistant, and is not easy to oxidize and deteriorate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
4. A passive shock wave energy measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting piece (4) adopts a high-strength alloy with a yield strength σ 3 And density ρ 3 Respectively satisfy sigma 3 >210MPa、ρ 3 >2.1g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Outer diameter D of the connecting piece (4) 4 Satisfy D 4 ＝D 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length L of the connecting piece (4) 4 Satisfy 2l 2 <L 4 <4l 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Diameter D of the one-way oil pressure valve (41) 5 Satisfy 0.1D 4 <D 5 <0.5D 4 Length L of one-way hydraulic valve (41) 5 Satisfy the following requirementsL 5 ＝L 4 。
5. A passive shock wave energy measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil container (5) adopts a high-strength alloy material with a yield strength sigma 4 And density ρ 4 Respectively satisfy sigma 4 >210MPa、ρ 4 >2.1g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The thickness of the side wall and the bottom end of the oil receiving container (5) is t 2 ，t 2 Satisfy t 2 ＝t 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length L of oil container (5) 6 Satisfy L 6 ＝L 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of internal thread (51) of oil container 4 ＝l 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The diameter d of the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve (52) 2 Satisfy 0.005m<d 2 <0.05m; length L of vacuuming and oil discharging valve (52) 7 Satisfy 0.1L 5 <L 7 <0.3L 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Distance l between the vacuuming and oil discharging valve (52) and the central axis OO' of the oil container (5) 5 Satisfy 0.1D 6 <l 5 <0.4D 6 。
6. A passive shock wave energy measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the high strength alloy used for the driving slider (3) has a yield strength σ 2 And density ρ 2 Respectively satisfy sigma 2 >210MPa、ρ 2 >2.1g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length L of the driving slide block (3) 3 Satisfy 0.05L 1 <L 3 <0.5L 1 。
7. A passive shock wave energy measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed cover plate (6) adopts a high-strength alloy with a yield strength σ 5 And density ρ 5 Respectively satisfy sigma 5 >210MPa、ρ 5 >2.1g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Outer diameter D of fixed cover plate (6) 8 Satisfy 0.054m<D 8 <0.504m, inner diameter D of fixed cover plate (6) 9 ＝D 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of cover plate internal thread (61) 6 Satisfy l 6 ＝l 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length L of fixed cover plate 8 ＝t 3 +l 6 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Diameter D of cover plate through hole (61) 10 Satisfy 0.5D 3 <D 10 <0.9D 3 。
8. A passive shock wave energy measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing ring (7) has a thickness t 4 Satisfy 0.001m<t 4 <0.01m。
9. A method of measuring shock wave energy using the passive shock wave energy measuring device based on a one-way oil pressure valve as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, marking an energy sensitivity coefficient k of a one-way oil pressure valve shock wave energy measuring device through a gas driving impact technology; in the calibration experiment, the position of the impact wave energy measuring device of the one-way oil pressure valve needs to be adjusted so that the trajectory is coaxial with the driving sliding block (3); the light air cannon system loads the projectile through compressed air expansion acting, and the projectile vertically impacts the driving sliding block (3) after the initial speed is obtained; the driving sliding block (3) obtains kinetic energy and then extrudes hydraulic oil (2) in the hydraulic oil container (1), and the hydraulic oil (2) enters the oil receiving container (5) through a one-way oil pressure valve (41) in the connecting piece (4); the mass of the pellet is m 0 The mass of the driving slide block (3) is m 1 Measuring by laser velocimeter to obtain initial velocity v of the projectile 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the calibration experiment, the collision between the projectile and the driving slide block (3) is elastic collision, and the deformation energy of the projectile and the driving slide block (3) is ignored; calculating the speed v of the driving sliding block (3) after collision according to an elastic collision formula 1 ＝2m 0 v 0 /(m 0 +m 1 ) The kinetic energy obtained by driving the sliding block (3) is E 1 ＝m 1 v 1 2 And (2) measuring the volume delta V of the hydraulic oil (2) collected by the oil collecting container (5); according to energy E 1 Corresponding relation E between the volume DeltaV of the hydraulic oil (2) 1 =k·Δv, thereby obtaining the value of the energy sensitivity coefficient k;
secondly, injecting hydraulic oil (2) into the hydraulic oil container (1) through an oil inlet valve (11), vacuumizing the oil receiving container (5) through a vacuumizing and oil discharging valve (52), and fixedly placing a passive measuring device for the impact wave energy of the one-way oil pressure valve in an explosion field through a bracket;
thirdly, explosive explodes at an explosion point (8), generated explosion air shock waves act on the surface of a driving sliding block (3), the driving sliding block (3) slides after obtaining kinetic energy and extrudes hydraulic oil (2) in a hydraulic oil container (1), a one-way oil pressure valve (41) in a connecting piece (4) is opened after being acted by the pressure of the hydraulic oil (2), and the hydraulic oil (2) enters an oil receiving container (5) through the one-way oil pressure valve (41);
fourthly, after the explosion is finished, discharging the hydraulic oil (2) in the oil receiving container (5) through the vacuumizing and oil discharging valve 51, and measuring to obtain the volume delta V of the discharged hydraulic oil (2);
and fifthly, calculating the shock wave energy E according to a relation E=k.delta V of the shock wave energy and the volume of the hydraulic oil (2).
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