CN114719696A - Vibration reduction and dust fall method for strip mine - Google Patents
Vibration reduction and dust fall method for strip mine Download PDFInfo
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 12
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration-damping and dust-settling method for a strip mine, which belongs to the technical field of deep hole blasting and is realized by arranging a blast hole and a dust-settling hole and arranging a corresponding charging structure, the method charges the blast hole in sections and performs sectional blasting, reduces the explosive usage amount and the maximum explosive amount, further reduces blasting vibration, improves the blasting effect, has no bottom root after blasting, reduces the blasting cost, controls most dust in the blasting link by arranging the dust-settling hole at the source and suppressing dust after blasting, controls the dust in a short time in a blasting jump stage, avoids a large amount of dust from diffusing to the upper part and the periphery of a blasting area, enlarges the influence range, generates water mist through a dust-settling liquid section, and the water mist is bonded with dust particles, so that the quality of the dust particles is increased, and further achieves the aim of reducing aerosol dust.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strip mine blasting vibration reduction and dust control, and relates to a vibration reduction and dust fall method for a strip mine.
Background
At present, deep hole blasting is mostly adopted in large-scale open mines, and the quality of blasting effect is of great importance to the influence of subsequent process flow and mining and selecting cost. Most of the prior open mines have the problems of large produced blocks, unreasonable blasting lump size distribution, large dust in the blasting process and the like, so that the production cost of the mines is high, and meanwhile, the excessive blasting vibration can also influence the auxiliary equipment, the building and the interference to the life of surrounding residents, the dust produced in the blasting process pollutes the workplace and produces a series of environmental pollution problems on one hand, particularly, a large amount of respiratory dust with the particle size of less than 5 mu m is produced during blasting, and the respiratory dust has the advantages of high dispersity, small particle size, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity and difficult sedimentation, and is suspended in the air environment for a long time under the disturbance of the environmental airflow of an operation post; on the other hand, the dust can also cause safety and health problems to production operators, as most of the dust contains free silicon dioxide, the dust production concentration is high and the proportion of the respiratory dust is large in the blasting and shoveling transportation processes, the operators are in the production environment for a long time, most of the dust can directly enter the lung through the respiratory tract of the human body, and pneumoconiosis can be caused.
It is believed that rock fragmentation is the result of a combination of shock waves and the explosive gas expansion pressure. The energy released by the explosive when exploding in the rock mass is transferred to the rock by means of explosive stress wave and detonation gas expansion pressure, so that the rock is broken. However, the energy really used for breaking the rock only occupies a very small part of the energy released by the explosive, most of the energy is consumed in the useless work, and the energy utilization rate is generally not more than 20%. The energy generated by explosive explosion is mainly used for overcoming the cohesion force in the rock body to crush and crack the rock body, overcoming the cohesion force and friction force in the rock body to separate the rock in the explosion range from the parent rock body, pushing and throwing the broken rock blocks and forming explosion seismic waves, air shock waves, noise and explosion flystones, and the thermochemical loss of the explosive is not considered during explosion. In the engineering blasting, the rock is excessively crushed to generate strong throwing, and strong blasting seismic waves, air shock waves, noise and blasting flyrock are formed, which are useless consumed explosion work. Theoretical and practical researches show that the change of the charging structure can cause the energy distribution of the explosive in the direction of the blast hole, thereby influencing the effective utilization rate of the explosion energy. In addition, the movement of the open-air deep-hole rock blasting dust is divided into a take-off stage and a diffusion stage. Blasting dust production is mainly concentrated in a take-off stage which is a source of the blasting dust production and is characterized in that dust distribution is concentrated and is mainly positioned in an area of an influence range of blasting shock waves, namely in a blast hole and near a blast hole opening; the dust concentration is small, the dust particles have upward movement tendency due to shock waves generated by blasting, but the dust in the blast hole is not fully released, so that the time period is the optimal dust control time; the diffusion stage is characterized in that: dust in blast holes and near the holes flies away from the ground under the action of shock waves, dust with larger particle size sinks under the action of gravity, and aerosol dust with small particle size suspends in the air environment for a long time to generate continuous harm.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a vibration-damping dust-settling method for a strip mine, which reduces the usage amount of explosive and the maximum section dosage by loading explosive in a blast hole in sections and blasting in sections, further reduces blasting vibration, improves blasting effect, has no bottom root after blasting, reduces blasting cost, controls most dust in blasting links by arranging dust-settling holes at a source dust suppression part and a blasting dust-settling part, controls dust in a short time from a blasting tripping stage, avoids a large amount of dust from diffusing to the upper part and the periphery of a blasting area, enlarges influence range, generates water mist by blasting dust-settling liquid section, bonds water mist with dust particles, increases the quality of the dust particles, and achieves the aim of reducing aerosol dust.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a vibration-damping dust-settling structure for a strip mine, which comprises a plurality of blast holes and a plurality of dust-settling holes, wherein the dust-settling holes are arranged around the blast holes at intervals and have the depth smaller than that of the blast holes; the blast hole is respectively provided with a hole bottom support interval section, a lower explosive filling section, an inter-hole support interval section, an inter-hole explosive filling section and a rock powder filling section from bottom to top, the hole bottom support interval section and the inter-hole support interval section are respectively provided with a plurality of support frames, the rock powder filling section is formed by filling rock powder, and the lower explosive filling section and the inter-hole explosive filling section are respectively formed by filling explosive; the bottom of the dust falling hole is filled with an explosive to form a dust falling hole explosive section, and dust falling liquid is filled above the dust falling hole explosive section to form a dust falling liquid section; the top of the lower explosive filling section, the top of the interpore explosive filling section and the top of the dust fall hole explosive section are respectively provided with an explosive cartridge, each explosive cartridge is respectively connected with an explosive fuse, each explosive fuse extends to the outside of the blast hole or the dust fall hole and is respectively connected with a connector, the connectors are connected through the explosive fuses to form a blast area network, and the blast area network is connected with an explosive initiator.
Furthermore, the blast holes and the dust fall holes are arranged in a row, each row of the blast holes is parallel to each row of the dust fall holes, and a row of the dust fall holes is arranged between every two adjacent rows of the blast holes.
Furthermore, the connectors connected with the detonating cords on the detonating cartridges in the blast holes in the row of the blast holes on the outermost side are connected through the detonating cords, the connectors connected with the detonating cords on the detonating cartridges in the blast holes in the row of the blast holes are respectively used as starting points and are respectively connected with the connectors connected with the detonating cords on the detonating cartridges in the adjacent dust fall holes in the adjacent row of the dust fall holes, and according to the connection mode, the connectors connected with each other are respectively connected with the connectors connected with the detonating cords on the detonating cartridges in the adjacent blast holes in the next row of the blast holes or the adjacent dust fall holes in the next row of the blast holes or the dust fall holes in sequence, so that the blast area network is formed.
Further, the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes is 5.5-6m, and the spacing of adjacent blast holes of each row of blast holes is 8-9 m.
Further, the setting ratio of the dust falling holes to the blast holes is 1: 1-4.
Further, each dust fall hole is equal to the adjacent blast hole interval.
Further, the support frame includes that two intervals are provided with the support disc, the support disc is wooden disc, and two inboard central points of support disc put to connect fixedly through the bracing piece, the bracing piece is made by the square timber.
Further, the explosive of the lower explosive filling section and the interpore explosive filling section is porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive or emulsion explosive.
Further, the depth of the blast hole is 14.5-15m, and the diameter is 250-310 mm; the height of the rock powder filling section is 6-7m, and the heights of the lower explosive filling section and the interpore explosive filling section are 5.5-6m and 1-1.5m respectively; the depth of the dust falling hole is 6-7m, and the aperture is 310 mm; the diameter of the supporting disc is 100mm, and the length of the supporting rod is 1-1.5 m.
Further, the dust reducing liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-1000: 1.
Another technical solution to solve the technical problem of the present invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a vibration reduction and dust fall method for a strip mine, which comprises the following steps:
s1, in steps needing to be blasted in the strip mine, using a roller cone drilling machine to carry out the perforation operation of each blast hole, and finishing the perforation operation of each blast hole according to the designed blasting parameters;
s2, synchronously perforating around the blast holes to serve as dust fall holes, wherein the depth of the dust fall holes is smaller than that of the blast holes;
s3, setting each blast hole from bottom to top into a hole bottom support interval section, a lower explosive filling section, an inter-hole support interval section, an inter-hole explosive filling section and a rock powder filling section, slowly placing a plurality of support frames into the bottom of each blast hole through a string to form the hole bottom support interval section, continuously filling explosives to the top of the hole bottom support interval section to form the lower explosive filling section, arranging an initiating explosive bag connected with an initiating explosive cable in the lower explosive filling section, slowly placing the support frames to the top of the lower explosive filling section through the string to form the inter-hole support interval section, filling the explosives to the top of the inter-hole support interval section to form the inter-hole explosive filling section, arranging an initiating explosive bag connected with the initiating explosive cable in the inter-hole explosive filling section, and filling rock powder to the top of the inter-hole explosive filling section to form the rock powder filling section;
s4, filling explosives into the bottoms of the dust falling holes to form dust falling hole explosive sections, arranging initiating explosive bags connected with detonating cords on the tops of the dust falling hole explosive sections, and filling dust falling holes with dust falling liquid by utilizing natural accumulated water in the dust falling holes or using a water truck to form dust falling liquid sections;
s5, after filling work of all blast holes and dust fall holes is completed, respectively connecting detonating cords on detonating explosive packages in the explosive filling sections of the lower parts, the explosive filling sections between the holes and the explosive sections of the dust fall holes with connectors, then connecting the connectors through the detonating cords to form a blast area network, and connecting the detonating cords on the blast area network;
s6, detonating the detonating fuse by using the detonator, detonating the detonating explosive package in each blast hole or dust fall hole, and further detonating the explosives in each blast hole or dust fall hole;
and S7, forming an air or water space by using the hole bottom support spacing section and the hole space support spacing section, reducing blasting vibration, impacting the dust falling hole by using blasting energy, atomizing the dust falling liquid, and rapidly combining the dust falling liquid and blasting dust to fall so as to finish dust falling after blasting.
Further, each dust fall hole is equal to the adjacent blast hole spacing.
Furthermore, the blast holes and the dust falling holes are arranged in a row, each row of blast holes is parallel to each row of dust falling holes, and a row of dust falling holes is arranged between every two adjacent rows of blast holes.
Furthermore, the connectors connected with the detonating cables on the detonating explosive packages in the blast holes in the outermost row are connected through the detonating cables, the connectors connected with the detonating cables on the detonating explosive packages in a plurality of blast holes in the row are respectively used as starting points and are respectively connected with the connectors connected with the detonating cables on the detonating explosive packages in the adjacent dustfall holes in the adjacent row, and according to the connection mode, the connectors connected with each other are respectively connected with the connectors connected with the detonating cables on the detonating explosive packages in the adjacent blast holes in the next row or the adjacent dustfall holes in the dustfall holes in sequence to form the blast area network.
Further, the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes is 5.5-6m, and the spacing of adjacent blast holes of each row of blast holes is 8-9 m.
Further, the setting ratio of the dust falling holes to the blast holes is 1: 1-4.
Further, the support frame includes that two intervals are provided with the support disc, the support disc is wooden disc, and two inboard central points of support disc put and connect fixedly through the bracing piece, the bracing piece is made by square timber.
Further, the explosive of the lower explosive filling section and the explosive filling section between the holes is porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive or emulsion explosive.
Further, the depth of the blast hole is 14.5-15m, and the diameter is 250-310 mm; the height of the rock powder filling section is 6-7m, and the heights of the lower explosive filling section and the interpore explosive filling section are 5.5-6m and 1-1.5m respectively; the depth of the dust falling hole is 6-7m, and the aperture is 250-310 mm; the diameter of the supporting disc is 100mm, and the length of the supporting rod is 1-1.5 m.
Further, the dust reducing liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-1000: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the vibration reduction and dust fall structure and method for the strip mine have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the strip mine vibration-damping dust-settling structure is novel and reasonable in design, simple and reliable in operation flow, wide in material taking, convenient and quick to construct, and capable of achieving good vibration-damping and dust-settling effects under the condition of guaranteeing blasting quality through reasonable arrangement of blast holes and dust-settling holes, and facilitating large-scale popularization and application;
(2) in each blast hole, air or water can be used for spacing between the hole bottom support spacing section and the hole spacing section, so that the charging height is improved, meanwhile, water or air is used as a buffer layer between explosive package explosion and rock, so that shock wave energy is uniformly transmitted to the hole wall, the shock wave pressure pulse time is prolonged, the uniform crushing of the rock is facilitated, the blasting effect of the orifice filling section is obviously improved, and the block rate is reduced;
(3) the blast hole can realize sectional charging and sectional blasting in the hole, so that the maximum sectional dosage is reduced, the blasting vibration is reduced, the blasting effect is improved, a bottom root does not exist after blasting, the blasting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of a mine is improved; meanwhile, during blasting, the dust settling liquid in the dust settling hole is directly subjected to shock waves generated by blasting, the expansion pressure of detonation gas and the impact force of broken stones generated in blasting, and the dust settling liquid can be dispersed to the maximum extent, so that water mist and fine water drops for inhibiting blasting dust are formed; in addition, a large amount of heat energy generated in the blasting process quickly gasifies part of water, and formed water vapor can be fully combined with dust, so that a better dust suppression effect is achieved;
(4) according to the invention, through the design of the explosive loading structure in the blast hole, the safety is high, the blasting equipment is not damaged and a blind shot and the like are not generated in the using process, and the blasting equipment is not exploded due to construction to generate safety accidents;
(5) the invention has small requirement on the shape of the explosive, and both the colloidal emulsion explosive and the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive can realize the spaced loading at the bottom of the hole or among the holes.
(6) During blasting, the vaporous dust-settling liquid can effectively adsorb toxic and harmful gas generated by blasting, not only can convert nitrogen oxide with high solubility into nitrous acid, but also is beneficial to expelling insoluble nitrogen oxide from gaps of gravels or rocks and flowing out of a working surface along with wind;
(7) by applying the invention, the occupational disease incidence of the practitioner can be effectively reduced, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, the failure rate is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the pollution of dust to the surrounding environment is reduced, and a good enterprise image is established.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of blast holes and dustfall holes in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole and dustfall hole filling structure in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the stand of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole and a dustfall hole connected to form a blast area network;
in the figure: 1. supporting the spacer at the bottom of the hole; 2. a support frame; 3. a lower explosive-filling section; 4. initiating explosive charges; 5. supporting the spacing section between the holes; 6. an interpore explosive fill section; 7. a rock dust filling section; 8. a detonating cord; 9. a connector; 10. an initiator; 11. blast holes; 12. dust falling holes; 13. dust fall hole explosive section; 14. a dust reducing liquid section; 15. a blast area network; 21. a support disc; 22. a support rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like used in the specification and claims of the present disclosure are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of a described object is changed, the relative positional relationships are changed accordingly. The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the vibration and dust reduction structure for the strip mine comprises a plurality of blast holes 11 and a plurality of dust reduction holes 12 which are arranged around the blast holes 11 at intervals and have the depth smaller than the depth of the blast holes 11, wherein the depth of the blast holes 11 can be set to be 14.5-15m, the hole diameter is 250-310mm, the depth of the dust reduction holes 12 can be set to be 6-7m, the hole diameter is 250-310mm, in addition, the arrangement ratio of the dust reduction holes 12 to the blast holes 11 can be set to be 1:1-4, and the distance between each dust reduction hole 12 and the adjacent blast hole 11 can be kept equal; the blast hole 11 is respectively provided with a hole bottom support interval section 1, a lower explosive filling section 3, an inter-hole support interval section 5, an inter-hole explosive filling section 6 and a rock powder filling section 7 from bottom to top, the height of the rock powder filling section 7 can be set to be 6-7m, and the heights of the lower explosive filling section 3 and the inter-hole explosive filling section 6 can be respectively set to be 5.5-6m and 1-1.5 m; the hole bottom support interval section 1 and the hole inter-support interval section 5 are respectively provided with a plurality of support frames 2, each support frame 2 comprises two support discs 21 arranged at intervals, each support disc 21 is a wood disc, the diameter of each support disc 21 is generally set to be 100mm, the center positions of the inner sides of the two support discs 21 are fixedly connected through a support rod 22, the length of each support rod 22 is generally set to be 1-1.5m and is made of square wood with the side length of 3cm, and the length of each support rod 22 can also be determined according to the specification of a blast hole 11; the rock powder filling section 7 is formed by filling rock powder at the top of the blast hole 11; the lower explosive filling section 3 and the interpore explosive filling section 6 are respectively formed by filling explosives, when the blast hole 11 is a dry hole, the explosives of the lower explosive filling section 3 and the interpore explosive filling section 6 mostly adopt porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives or emulsion explosives, and when water exists in the blast hole 11, the explosives of the lower explosive filling section 3 and the interpore explosive filling section 6 adopt emulsion explosives; the bottom of the dust falling hole 12 is filled with an explosive to form a dust falling hole explosive section 13, dust falling liquid is filled above the dust falling hole explosive section 13 to form a dust falling liquid section 14, the dust falling liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-1000: 1; the top of the lower explosive filling section 3, the top of the interpore explosive filling section 6 and the top of the dust fall hole explosive section 13 are respectively provided with an initiating explosive package 4, the initiating explosive package 4 comprises a high-precision detonator and the like, each initiating explosive package 4 is respectively connected with a detonating cord 8, each detonating cord 8 respectively extends to the outside of a blast hole 11 or a dust fall hole 12 where the detonating cord 8 is respectively arranged and is respectively connected with a connector 9, the connectors 9 are connected through the detonating cords 8 to form a blast area network 15, and the blast area network 15 is connected with a detonator 10.
When the explosive is applied, the detonating cord 11 is detonated by the detonator 10, each detonating explosive package 4 in each blast hole 11 and each dust falling hole 12 is detonated, and further, the explosive filled in each hole is detonated; in the blast hole 11, under the combined action of stress waves generated by explosive explosion and explosive gas, the peak value of quasi-static pressure of the blast hole is correspondingly reduced along with the increase of the expansion volume of the blast hole, and the compression stress waves are also sharply attenuated along with the increase of the propagation distance of the compression stress waves in a medium; therefore, the blast holes 11 are separated from each other at the bottom of the hole through the support frame 2, when the water interval or the air interval of the hole bottom support interval section 1 and the hole space support interval section 5 is realized, the peak pressure of the detonation effect can be reduced, the energy is more reasonable in distribution along the blast holes, the energy loss in a compression area is reduced, the energy utilization rate is improved, meanwhile, the air interval and water interval charge structure of deep hole blasting is adopted, according to the breaking mechanism of rocks and the principle of interference and damage to surrounding media when the explosive energy is suddenly changed, the low-density substances are adopted as buffering and energy storage substances at the bottom of the blast holes, the blasting process can be better adjusted, the initial blasting pressure is reduced, the blasting action time is prolonged, the blasting energy utilization rate is improved, and the vibration reduction effect is achieved. In addition, receive the energy impact during the blasting, dust fall liquid in the atomizing dust fall hole to reach the dust fall purpose, a large amount of heat energy that the blasting in-process produced simultaneously, can gasify part of water fast, the vapor of formation can fully combine with the dust, reach better dust suppression effect, vaporific dust fall liquid can also effectively adsorb the poisonous and harmful gas that the blasting produced in addition, both can turn into nitrous acid to the nitrogen oxide that the solubility is high, help again to expulsion out following the wind and flow out the working face from rubble or rock gap indissolvable nitrogen oxide.
In the embodiment, a plurality of blast holes 11 and dust fall holes 12 are arranged in one row, each row of blast holes 11 is parallel to each row of dust fall holes 12, and a row of dust fall holes 12 is arranged between every two adjacent rows of blast holes 11; when the blast hole setting device is used, the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes 11 is 5.5-6m, and the spacing of the adjacent blast holes 11 of each row of blast holes 11 is 8-9 m.
In order to further improve the shock-absorbing and dust-reducing effect of blasting, the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 in the blast holes 11 in the outermost row are connected with each other through the detonating cords 8, the connectors 9 (which can be the connectors 9 on the detonating cartridges 4 of the lower explosive filling section 3 or the interpore explosive filling section 6) connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 in the blasting holes 11 in the blast holes 11 in the row are respectively connected with the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 in the adjacent dustfall holes 12 in the dustfall hole 12 in the adjacent row, according to the connection mode, the connected connectors 9 are respectively connected with the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 in the detonating cartridges 4 or the dustfall holes 12 in the adjacent next row of blast holes 11 or the dustfall holes 12 in sequence to form the blast area network 15, and the blast area network 15 comprises the blast holes in the outermost row as main lines, and a plurality of branches connected with each blast hole, wherein an initiator 10 is connected to one end of the main line, and after the initiator 10 initiates a detonating cord 11, hole-by-hole differential blasting is realized along the main line and then to each branch according to the direction of an arrow in fig. 4.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the method for damping vibration and reducing dust of the strip mine comprises the following steps:
s1, in steps needing to be blasted in the open pit, using a roller cone drilling machine to perform the perforating operation of each blast hole 11, and according to the designed blasting parameters until the perforating operation of each blast hole 11 is completed, wherein the depth of each blast hole 11 is generally set to be 14.5-15m, and the diameter is 250-310 mm;
s2, synchronously perforating around the blast holes 11 to form dust falling holes 12, wherein the depth of the dust falling holes 12 is smaller than that of the blast holes 11, the depth of the dust falling holes 12 is generally set to be 6-7m, and the aperture is 250-310 mm;
s3, setting each blast hole 11 as a hole bottom support interval section 1, a lower explosive filling section 3, an inter-hole support interval section 5, an inter-hole explosive filling section 6 and a rock powder filling section 7 from bottom to top respectively, wherein the height of the rock powder filling section 7 can be set to be 6-7m, and the heights of the lower explosive filling section 3 and the inter-hole explosive filling section 6 can be set to be 5.5-6m and 1-1.5m respectively; firstly, slowly placing a plurality of support frames 2 into the bottom of each blast hole 11 through a string to form a hole bottom support interval section 1, then continuously filling explosives to the top of the hole bottom support interval section 1 to form a lower explosive filling section 3, arranging an initiating explosive cartridge 4 connected with an initiating explosive cable 8 in the lower explosive filling section 3, slowly placing the plurality of support frames 2 to the top of the lower explosive filling section 3 through the string to form an inter-hole support interval section 5, then filling the explosives at the top of the inter-hole support interval section 5 to form an inter-hole explosive filling section 6, arranging the initiating explosive cartridge 4 connected with the initiating explosive cable 8 in the inter-hole explosive filling section 6, and then filling rock powder at the top of the inter-hole explosive filling section 6 to form a rock powder filling section 7; the support frame 2 comprises two support disks 21 which are arranged at intervals, the support disks 21 are wood disks with the diameter of 100mm, the center positions of the inner sides of the two support disks 21 are fixedly connected through a support rod 22, the support rod 22 is made of square wood with the side length of 3cm and the length of 1-1.5m, and the length of the support rod 22 can also be determined according to the specification of the blast hole 11; the explosives of the lower explosive filling section 3 and the interpore explosive filling section 6 are porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives or emulsion explosives, when the blast hole 11 is a dry hole, the explosives of the lower explosive filling section 3 and the interpore explosive filling section 6 mostly adopt porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives or emulsion explosives, and when water exists in the blast hole 11, the explosives of the lower explosive filling section 3 and the interpore explosive filling section 6 adopt emulsion explosives;
s4, filling explosives into the bottom of each dust falling hole 12 to form a dust falling hole explosive section 13, arranging an initiating explosive bag 4 connected with a detonating cord 8 at the top of the dust falling hole explosive section 13, and filling dust falling liquid into the dust falling holes 12 by utilizing natural accumulated water in the dust falling holes 12 or a waterwheel to form a dust falling liquid section 14, wherein the dust falling liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-1-1000;
s5, after filling work of all blast holes 11 and dust fall holes 12 is completed, respectively connecting detonating cords 8 on detonating explosive packages 4 in the lower explosive filling sections 3, the hole explosive filling sections 6 and the dust fall hole explosive sections 13 with connectors 9, then connecting the connectors 9 through the detonating cords 8 to form a blast area network 15, and connecting the detonating cords 10 on the blast area network 15;
s6, detonating the detonating fuse 8 by the detonator 10 to detonate the detonating explosive charges 4 in the blast holes 11 or the dust fall holes 12, and further detonate the explosives in the blast holes 11 or the dust fall holes 12;
and S7, forming an air or water space by using the hole bottom support spacing section 1 and the hole spacing section 5, reducing blasting vibration, impacting the dust falling hole 12 by using blasting energy, atomizing dust falling liquid, rapidly combining the dust falling liquid and blasting dust to fall, and finishing dust falling after blasting.
In this embodiment, to improve the blasting effect, the distance between each dustfall hole 12 and its adjacent blast hole 11 is equal.
Further optimize the mode of laying blast holes 11 and dust fall holes 12, blast holes 11 and dust fall holes 12 all use a plurality of to be one row, and each row of blast holes 11 is parallel to each row of dust fall holes 12, sets up one row of dust fall holes 12 between every two adjacent rows of blast holes 11. The row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes 11 is 5.5-6m, and the spacing of the adjacent blast holes 11 of each row of blast holes 11 is 8-9 m. The setting ratio of the dust fall hole 12 to the blast hole 11 is 1: 1-4.
In this embodiment, the blasting effect can be further improved in a hole-by-hole differential blasting manner, which specifically includes: the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 in the row of blast holes 11 on the outermost side are connected through the detonating cords 8, the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 in the plurality of blast holes 11 in the row of blast holes 11 are respectively connected with the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 in the adjacent dustfall holes 12 in the adjacent row of dustfall holes 12, according to the connection mode, the connected connectors 9 are respectively connected with the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cords 8 on the detonating cartridges 4 or the detonating cartridges 4 in the adjacent blast holes 11 or 12 in the next row of blast holes 11 or dustfall holes 12 in sequence to form the blast area network 15, and the blast area network 15 can be detonated through the detonators 10 to realize hole-by-hole differential blasting.
Claims (10)
1. A vibration-damping dust-settling method for a strip mine comprises the following steps:
s1, in steps needing to be blasted in the strip mine, using a roller cone drilling machine to carry out the punching operation of each blast hole (11), and according to the designed blasting parameters, finishing the punching operation of each blast hole (11);
s2, synchronously perforating around the blast hole (11) to form a dust fall hole (12), wherein the depth of the dust fall hole (12) is smaller than that of the blast hole (11);
s3, each blast hole (11) is respectively provided with a hole bottom support interval section (1), a lower explosive filling section (3), an inter-hole support interval section (5), an inter-hole explosive filling section (6) and a rock powder filling section (7) from bottom to top, a plurality of support frames (2) are slowly placed at the bottom of each blast hole (11) through strings to form the hole bottom support interval section (1), then explosives are continuously filled to the top of the hole bottom support interval section (1) to form the lower explosive filling section (3), an explosive charge (4) connected with an explosive guide rope (8) is arranged in the lower explosive filling section (3), then the plurality of support frames (2) are slowly placed to the top of the lower explosive filling section (3) through the strings to form the inter-hole support interval section (5), and then the top of the inter-hole support interval section (5) is filled with the explosives to form the inter-hole explosive filling section (6), arranging a detonating explosive bag (4) connected with a detonating cord (8) in the interpore explosive filling section (6), and then filling rock powder at the top of the interpore explosive filling section (6) to form a rock powder filling section (7);
s4, filling explosives into the bottom of each dust falling hole (12) to form a dust falling hole explosive section (13), arranging an initiating explosive bag (4) connected with a detonating cord (8) at the top of the dust falling hole explosive section (13), and filling dust falling holes (12) with dust falling liquid by utilizing natural accumulated water in the dust falling holes (12) or using a water truck to form a dust falling liquid section (14);
s5, after filling work of all blast holes (11) and dust fall holes (12) is completed, respectively connecting detonating cords (8) on detonating explosive packages (4) in each lower explosive filling section (3), each hole explosive filling section (6) and each dust fall hole explosive section (13) with connectors (9), then connecting the connectors (9) through the detonating cords (8) to form a blast area network (15), and connecting the detonating cords (10) on the blast area network (15);
s6, detonating the detonating fuse (8) by using the detonator (10), detonating the detonating explosive package (4) in each blast hole (11) or dust falling hole (12), and further detonating the explosives in each blast hole (11) or dust falling hole (12);
s7, forming an air or water space by using the hole bottom support spacing section (1) and the hole spacing section (5), reducing blasting vibration, impacting the dust falling hole (12) by using blasting energy, atomizing dust falling liquid, rapidly combining the dust falling liquid and blasting dust to fall, and finishing dust falling after blasting.
2. The vibration-damping and dust-settling method for the strip mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the dust fall holes (12) are equal to the adjacent blast holes (11) in distance.
3. The method for damping vibration and reducing dust in the strip mine according to claim 1, wherein: blast holes (11) and dust fall hole (12) all use a plurality of to be one row, and each row of blast hole (11) is parallel to each other with each row of dust fall hole (12), sets up one row of dust fall hole (12) between every two adjacent rows of blast holes (11).
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: connectors (9) connected with detonating cables (8) on the detonating explosive packages (4) in a row of blast holes (11) on the outermost side are connected through the detonating cables (8), the connectors (9) connected with the detonating cables (8) on the detonating explosive packages (4) in a plurality of blast holes (11) in the row of blast holes (11) are respectively connected with the connectors (9) connected with the detonating cables (8) on the detonating explosive packages (4) in adjacent dustfall holes (12) in the adjacent row of dustfall holes (12) by taking the connectors (9) connected with the detonating cables (8) on the detonating explosive packages (4) in the adjacent row of blast holes (11) or the adjacent one blast holes (11) in the dustfall holes (12) as starting points, and according to the connection mode, the connectors (9) connected with the detonating cables (8) on the detonating explosive packages (4) in the adjacent next row of blast holes (11) or the dustfall holes (12) are respectively connected in sequence to form the blast area network (15).
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the row spacing of two adjacent rows of blast holes (11) is 5.5-6m, and the spacing of the adjacent blast holes (11) of each row of blast holes (11) is 8-9 m.
6. The method for damping vibration and reducing dust in the strip mine according to claim 1, wherein: the dust fall hole (12) and the blast hole (11) are arranged in a ratio of 1: 1-4.
7. The method for damping vibration and reducing dust in the strip mine according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting frame (2) comprises two supporting discs (21) arranged at intervals, the supporting discs (21) are wooden discs, the center positions of the inner sides of the two supporting discs (21) are fixedly connected through supporting rods (22), and the supporting rods (22) are made of square wood.
8. The vibration-damping and dust-settling method for the strip mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the explosives of the lower explosive filling section (3) and the interpore explosive filling section (6) are porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives or emulsion explosives.
9. The method for damping vibration and reducing dust in the open pit according to claim 7, wherein: the depth of the blast hole (11) is 14.5-15m, and the diameter is 250-310 mm; the height of the rock powder filling section (7) is 6-7m, and the heights of the lower explosive filling section (3) and the interpore explosive filling section (6) are 5.5-6m and 1-1.5m respectively; the depth of the dust falling hole (12) is 6-7m, and the aperture is 250-310 mm; the diameter of the supporting disc (21) is 100mm, and the length of the supporting rod (22) is 1-1.5 m.
10. The method for damping vibration and reducing dust in the strip mine according to claim 1, wherein: the dust-reducing liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-1000: 1.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112611279A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Low-vibration high-quality blasting method |
| CN214620895U (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-11-05 | 淮南职业技术学院 | Vibration test blasting network based on air column charging blasting |
| CN114191905A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-18 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司 | Water-blasting dust-reducing method for open-air iron ore |
| CN114279286A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司 | Multistage filling blasting dust-settling method for open-air iron ore |
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- 2022-04-11 CN CN202210375174.0A patent/CN114719696A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112611279A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-06 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Low-vibration high-quality blasting method |
| CN214620895U (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-11-05 | 淮南职业技术学院 | Vibration test blasting network based on air column charging blasting |
| CN114191905A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-18 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司 | Water-blasting dust-reducing method for open-air iron ore |
| CN114279286A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司 | Multistage filling blasting dust-settling method for open-air iron ore |
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