CN216815219U - Blast hole filling structure and dust fall structure for multistage filling and blasting of open-air iron ore - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a opencast iron ore multistage filling blasting blast hole filling structure and a dust fall structure, wherein the opencast iron ore multistage filling blasting blast hole filling structure comprises a blast hole, the lower section, the middle section and the upper section of the blast hole are respectively filled with explosives, colloidal solids and water bags to respectively form an explosive filling section, a colloid filling section and a water sealing section, an initiating explosive bag is arranged in the explosive filling section, and is connected with an initiating explosive cable which extends out of the blast hole. The utility model controls most of dust in the blasting link by two-stage dust control technology, namely two parts of source dust suppression and dust fall after blasting, has simple operation flow, can effectively reduce the bench blasting dust concentration of the strip mine, and greatly reduces the pollution of the dust to the strip mine and the surrounding environment.

Description

Blast hole filling structure and dust fall structure for multistage filling and blasting of open-air iron ore

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of open-air iron ore blasting dust control, and relates to a filling structure and a dust falling structure for a multi-section filling blasting blast hole of open-air iron ore.

Background

At present, the mine environment problem is the core problem of research and development in the current mining field, mineral exploitation activities cause continuous damage to the ecological environment of a mining area, and exploitation of mineral resources at the cost of sacrificing natural ecological balance provides development for the human society and does not conform to the current sustainable development concept of China.

In the process of mining the surface mine, a large amount of dust is generated. On one hand, the dust pollutes a working place and generates a series of environmental pollution problems, particularly, a great amount of respirable dust with the particle size of less than 5 mu m is generated during blasting, and the respirable dust has the advantages of high dispersity, small particle size, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity and difficult sedimentation, and is suspended in an air environment for a long time under the disturbance of the environmental airflow of an operation post; on the other hand, the dust can also cause safety and health problems to production operators, as most of the dust contains free silicon dioxide, the dust production concentration is high and the proportion of the respiratory dust is large in the blasting and shoveling transportation processes, the operators are in the production environment for a long time, most of the dust can directly enter the lung through the respiratory tract of the human body, and pneumoconiosis can be caused.

The movement of the open-air deep hole rock blasting dust is divided into a take-off stage and a diffusion stage. Blasting dust production is mainly concentrated in a take-off stage which is a source of the blasting dust production and is characterized in that dust distribution is concentrated and is mainly positioned in an area of an influence range of blasting shock waves, namely in a blast hole and near a blast hole opening; the dust concentration is small, the dust particles have upward movement tendency due to shock waves generated by blasting, but the dust in the blast hole is not fully released, so that the time period is the optimal dust control time; the diffusion stage is characterized in that: dust in blast holes and near the holes flies away from the ground under the action of shock waves, dust with larger particle size sinks under the action of gravity, and aerosol dust with small particle size suspends in the air environment for a long time to generate continuous harm.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a filling structure and a dust falling structure for a multi-section filling blasting blast hole of open-air iron ore. The source dust suppression selects to control dust in a short time from the blasting and tripping stage, so that a large amount of dust is prevented from diffusing to the upper part and the periphery of the blasting area, and the influence range is expanded; the dust fall after explosion is realized by generating water mist through the explosion water seal section, and the water mist is bonded with dust particles, so that the quality of the dust particles is increased, and the aim of reducing aerosol dust is fulfilled.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the utility model is as follows:

the utility model relates to a opencast iron ore multistage filling blasting blast hole filling structure which comprises a blast hole, wherein the lower section, the middle section and the upper section of the blast hole are respectively filled with explosives, colloidal solids and water bags to form an explosive filling section, a colloid filling section and a water sealing section, an initiating explosive bag is arranged in the explosive filling section, and is connected with an explosive fuse which extends out of the blast hole.

Preferably, the explosive in the blast hole is porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive or emulsion explosive.

Preferably, the colloidal solid of the colloid filling segment is formed by mixing rock powder and viscous liquid according to a proportion, the viscous liquid comprises but is not limited to rock glue, water starch, rubber resin and other compounds, and when the viscous liquid is mixed, the proportion of the rock and the viscous liquid is selected to be different according to different types of the viscous liquid, for example, the proportion of the rock powder to the rock glue can be 50-100:1, and the proportion of the rock powder to the water starch (the ratio of the water to the starch is 1:1-10) can be 5-10: 1.

Preferably, the filling height of the explosive filling section in the blast hole is 6.5-7.5m, and the filling height of the colloid filling section is 6-7 m.

Preferably, the depth of the blast holes is 14.5-15m, the diameter of the blast holes is 250-310mm, the hole spacing is 8-9m, and the row spacing is 5.5-6 m.

Preferably, the water sealing section is formed by filling a small amount of rock powder in the water bag and injecting dust reducing liquid, and the distance between the top of the liquid level of the water sealing section and the opening of the blast hole is 0.2 m.

Preferably, the water bag is a degradable environment-friendly water bag.

Preferably, the dust-reducing liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, and the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-1000: 1.

Another technical solution to solve the technical problem of the present invention is as follows:

the utility model relates to a multistage filling blasting dust fall structure for open-air iron ore, which is formed by a plurality of multistage filling blasting hole filling structures for open-air iron ore in the technical scheme, wherein blasting fuses connected with blasting cartridges in blast holes are connected with connectors, the connectors are connected into a blasting area network through the blasting fuses, and the blasting area network is connected with an initiator.

Preferably, the blast holes are arranged in a row, the distance between every two adjacent blast holes is 8-9m, the blast holes in each row are uniformly arranged in parallel at intervals, the distance between every two rows is 5.5-6m, connectors connected with detonating cords on detonating cartridges in one row of blast holes on the outermost side are connected in series through detonating cords, the connectors connected with detonating cords on detonating cartridges in the blast holes in the row are respectively connected with connectors connected with detonating cords on detonating cartridges in one adjacent blast hole in the adjacent row of blast holes as starting points, and according to the connection mode, the connected connectors are respectively connected with connectors connected with detonating cords in a detonating cartridge in the adjacent blast hole in the next row of blast holes in sequence to form the blast area network.

Compared with the prior art, the open-air iron ore multi-section filling blasting hole filling structure and the dust falling structure control most dust in the blasting link through two parts of source dust suppression and post-blasting dust falling. In the aspect of source dust suppression, rock powder particles are wrapped by viscous liquid, so that the quantity of the powdered rock powder particles is reduced during blasting, and the purpose of source dust suppression is achieved; in the aspect of dust fall after explosion, the dust fall liquid is injected into the water bag to replace the upper area of a traditional rock powder filling blast hole, the water bag is broken by using the energy during explosion, and the dust fall liquid is atomized, so that the dust fall purpose is achieved. The method has the following specific beneficial effects:

(1) the blast hole filling structure and the dust fall structure are simple and reasonable, the operation flow is simple when the blast hole filling structure and the dust fall structure are matched with related blasting equipment (such as a blasting operation multifunctional vehicle), the blast hole filling structure is safe and reliable, the construction cost is low, and the purpose of effectively reducing dust is achieved under the condition that the blasting quality is ensured.

(2) The viscous liquid is directly subjected to shock waves, heat energy and detonation gas expansion pressure generated by blasting, high compression deformation is generated, internal energy is transmitted to surrounding blasted objects, and the blasting efficiency is improved. Rock powder flyrock generated in the blasting process can be attached to the viscous liquid, and the quantity of the rock powder leaving the ground is reduced.

(3) The water bag of the water seal section is directly subjected to shock waves generated by blasting, the expansion pressure of detonation gas and the impact force of broken stones generated in blasting, and the dust fall liquid can be dispersed to the maximum extent, so that water mist and fine water drops for inhibiting blasting dust are formed; meanwhile, a large amount of heat energy generated in the blasting process quickly gasifies part of water, and formed water vapor can be fully combined with dust, so that a better dust suppression effect is achieved.

(4) The method has the advantages of reducing the occupational disease incidence of practitioners, prolonging the service life of equipment, reducing the failure rate, improving the production efficiency, reducing the pollution of dust to the surrounding environment and establishing a good enterprise image.

(5) Can provide reference basis for dust control in the field of blasting engineering under other similar conditions.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole filling structure for open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting according to the utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the shot hole distribution in the present invention;

in the figure: 1. an explosive filling section; 2. initiating explosive charges; 3. a colloid filling section; 4. a water seal section; 5. a detonating cord; 6. blast holes; 7. an initiator; 8. a free surface; 9. a connector is provided.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like used in the specification and claims of the present disclosure are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of a described object is changed, the relative positional relationships are changed accordingly. The details of the present invention are not described in detail, but are known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, the open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting hole filling structure comprises a blast hole 6, wherein the lower section, the middle section and the upper section of the blast hole 6 are respectively filled with explosives, colloidal solids and water bags to form an explosive filling section 1, a colloidal filling section 3 and a water sealing section 4, an initiating explosive bag 2 is arranged in the explosive filling section 1, an detonating cord 5 is connected to the initiating explosive bag 2, and the detonating cord 5 extends out of the blast hole 6. In the embodiment, the depth of the blast hole 6 is generally 14.5-15m, the pore diameter can be set to 250-310mm, when the blast hole 6 is a dry hole, porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is used for filling, when the blast hole 6 is filled with water or the dry hole by using emulsion explosive, and the filling height of the explosive filling section 1 in the blast hole 6 is generally 6.5-7.5 m; the colloidal solid of the colloid filling section 3 is formed by mixing rock powder and viscous liquid, the filling height is generally 6-7m, the viscous liquid comprises but is not limited to rock glue, water starch, rubber resin and other compounds, when in mixing, the proportion of the rock and the viscous liquid is selected to be different according to different types of the viscous liquid, for example, the rock powder and the rock glue can be 50-100:1, and the rock powder and the water starch (the ratio of water to starch is 1:1-10) can be 5-10: 1; the water seal section 4 is formed by filling a small amount of rock powder into a water bag and injecting dust-reducing liquid, the water bag is a degradable environment-friendly water bag, the dust-reducing liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-sand-1000: 1, and after the dust-reducing liquid is injected, the distance from the top of the liquid level in the water bag to the hole 6 of the blast hole is 0.2 m. When the filling structure is exploded, the explosive in the blast hole 6 is exploded after the explosive cartridge 3 is exploded, rock powder of the colloid filling section 3 is wrapped in viscous liquid and is broken into blocks under the impact of explosion energy, the dust suppression at the source is completed, then the water bag of the water sealing section 4 is broken through the explosion energy, the dust reducing liquid is atomized, and the dust reducing liquid and the explosion dust are rapidly combined to fall, and the dust is reduced after the explosion is completed.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the structure for dedusting in the open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting of the utility model is composed of a plurality of open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting hole filling structures described in embodiment 1, the detonating cords 5 connected with the detonating explosive packages 2 in each blasting hole 6 are connected with connectors 9, each connector 9 is connected with a blasting area network 10 through the detonating cord 5, and the blasting area network 10 is connected with the detonating device 7. In this embodiment, the plurality of blast holes 6 are arranged in a row, the blast holes 6 in each row are uniformly arranged in parallel at intervals, the distance between every two adjacent blast holes 6 is controlled to be 8-9m, and the distance between every two adjacent rows is controlled to be 5.5-6 m.

In order to further improve the blasting effect, the embodiment can also realize hole-by-hole differential blasting by wiring and connecting the initiating explosive charges 4 in the blast holes 6. The hole-by-hole differential blasting is a blasting method, and particularly functions as delay blasting with delay time interval of several milliseconds to tens of milliseconds. Because the blasting time interval of the blast holes of the front and the back adjacent sections is extremely short, energy fields generated by blasting of the blast holes influence each other, the blasting effect can be improved, and the blasting earthquake effect, the shock wave and the flying rock hazard can be reduced. The realization mode is as follows: in this embodiment, the connectors 9 connected to the detonating cord 5 of each detonating cartridge 2 in the outermost row of blastholes 6 are connected in series through the detonating cord 5, and are respectively connected to the connectors 9 connected to the detonating cord 5 of the detonating cartridge 2 in one of the adjacent blastholes 6 in the next row of blastholes 6, starting from the connectors 9 connected to the detonating cord 5 of the detonating cartridges 2 in the plurality of blastholes 6 in the row of blastholes 6, and according to the connection manner, each connected connector 9 is respectively connected to the connector 9 connected to the detonating cord 11 of the detonating cartridge 2 in the adjacent blasthole 6 in the next row of blastholes 6 in sequence to form the blast area network 10, the blast area network 10 comprises a main line and a plurality of branches, an initiator 7 is connected to one end of the main line, and after the initiator 7 initiates a detonating cord 5, hole-by-hole micro-difference blasting is realized along the main line and then to each branch according to the arrow direction in fig. 2.

Example 3:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for dedusting open-cast iron ore by multi-stage filling blasting comprises the following steps:

A. determining the positions of the blast holes 6 to be drilled according to the blasting requirement on the steps of the open-air iron ore to be blasted, and performing the drilling operation of the blast holes 6 by using a roller cone drilling machine until the drilling operation of the blast holes 6 is completed according to the designed blasting parameters, wherein the depth of the blast holes 6 is generally set to be 14.5-15m, and the diameter of the blast holes is 250-310 mm;

B. filling explosives into the blast hole 1 to form an explosive filling section 1, wherein the filling height is generally 6.5-7.5m, when the blast hole 6 is a dry hole, porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives or emulsion explosives are used for filling, when water exists in the blast hole 6, the emulsion explosives are used for filling, then a detonating cartridge 2 is arranged in the explosive filling section 1, the detonating cartridge 2 comprises a high-precision detonator, then a detonating cord 5 is connected to the detonating cartridge 2, and the detonating cord 5 extends to the outer side of the blast hole 6;

C. mixing rock powder and viscous liquid into colloidal solid, and filling the colloidal solid above the explosive filling section 1 to form a colloid filling section 3, wherein the filling height is generally 6-7 m; the viscous liquid comprises, but is not limited to, rock glue, water starch, rubber resin and other compounds, and when mixing, the proportion of the rock and the viscous liquid is selected according to different kinds of the viscous liquid, for example, the proportion of the rock powder and the rock glue can be 50-100: 1; the ratio of rock powder to water starch (water to starch is 1:1-10) can be 5-10: 1;

D. slowly placing a small amount of rock powder into the water bag, then slowly placing the rock powder into the blast hole 6, wherein the purpose of placing the rock powder into the water bag is to enable the water bag to sink with a certain weight, the adding amount of the rock powder is determined according to actual needs so as to ensure that the bottom of the water bag is in contact with the top of the colloid filling section 3, injecting dust-reducing liquid into the water bag and forming a water sealing section 4, the liquid level of the water sealing section 4 is generally 0.2m away from the orifice of the blast hole 6, the dust-reducing liquid comprises water and an environment-friendly dust suppressant, the mass ratio of the water to the environment-friendly dust suppressant is 500-;

E. sequentially circulating to finish the filling work of all blast holes 6;

F. respectively connecting detonating cords 5 on the detonating explosive packages 2 in the blast holes 6 with connectors 9, connecting the connectors 9 through the detonating cords 5 to form a blast area network 10, and connecting the detonating cords 7 on the blast area network 10;

G. the detonating cord 5 is detonated by the detonator 7, the detonating explosive package 2 is detonated, explosives in each blast hole 6 are further detonated, rock powder of the colloid filling section 3 in each blast hole 6 is wrapped in viscous liquid and is broken into blocks under the impact of blasting energy, and dust suppression at the source is completed;

H. and (3) breaking the water bag of the water seal section 4 by using blasting energy, atomizing the dust reducing liquid, and rapidly combining the dust reducing liquid and blasting dust to fall so as to reduce dust after blasting.

In order to further improve the blasting effect, a plurality of blast holes 6 are arranged in a row, the blast holes 6 in each row are uniformly arranged in parallel at intervals, the hole spacing is controlled to be 8-9m, the row spacing is controlled to be 5.5-6m, the connectors 9 connected with the detonating cord 5 on each detonating cartridge 2 in the row of blast holes 6 at the outermost side are connected in series through the detonating cord 5, each connector 9 connected with the detonating cord 5 on the detonating cartridge 2 in a plurality of blast holes 6 in the row of blast holes 6 is respectively connected with the connector 9 connected with the detonating cord 5 on the detonating cartridge 2 in one adjacent blast hole 6 in the adjacent row of blast holes 6, according to the connection mode, each connected connector 9 is respectively connected with the connector 9 connected with the detonating cord 11 on the detonating cartridge 2 in one adjacent blast hole 6 in the next row of blast holes 6 in turn to form the blast area network 10, and the hole-by-hole differential detonating is carried out through the blast area network 10.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting big gun hole filling structure, includes big gun hole (6), its characterized in that: the explosive gun is characterized in that the lower section, the middle section and the upper section of the blast hole (6) are respectively filled with explosives, colloidal solids and water bags to form an explosive filling section (1), a colloid filling section (3) and a water sealing section (4), an initiating explosive bag (2) is arranged in the explosive filling section (1), an initiating explosive bag (5) is connected to the initiating explosive bag (2), and the initiating explosive bag (5) extends out of the blast hole (6).

2. The structure for filling blast holes for open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the explosive in the blast hole (6) is porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive or emulsion explosive.

3. The structure for filling blast holes for open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filling height of the explosive filling section (1) in the blast hole (6) is 6.5-7.5m, and the filling height of the colloid filling section (3) is 6-7 m.

4. The structure for filling blast holes for open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the blast hole is 14.5-15m, and the diameter of the blast hole is 250-310 mm.

5. The structure for filling blast holes for open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the top of the water seal section (4) and the orifice of the blast hole (6) is 0.2 m.

6. The structure for filling blast holes for open-air iron ore multistage filling blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water bag is a degradable environment-friendly water bag.

7. The utility model provides a blasting dust fall structure is filled to opencast iron ore multistage which characterized in that: the open-air iron ore multi-section filling blasting hole filling structure comprises a plurality of open-air iron ore multi-section filling blasting hole filling structures according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein connectors (9) are connected to detonating cords (5) connected with detonating explosive packages (2) in the blast holes (6), the connectors (9) are connected into a blast area network (10) through the detonating cords (5), and the blasting area network (10) is connected with a detonator (7).

8. The strip iron ore multi-stage filling blasting dust fall structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: the blast holes (6) are arranged in a row, the distance between every two adjacent blast holes (6) is 8-9m, all rows of blast holes (6) are uniformly arranged in parallel at intervals, the row distance is 5.5-6m, connectors (9) connected with detonating cords (5) on detonating cartridges (2) in the outermost row of blast holes (6) are connected in series through the detonating cords (5), the connectors (9) connected with the detonating cords (5) on the detonating cartridges (2) in a plurality of blast holes (6) in the row of blast holes (6) are respectively connected with the connectors (9) connected with the detonating cords (5) on the detonating cartridges (2) in one adjacent blast hole (6) in the adjacent row of blast holes (6) according to the connection mode, all the connected connectors (9) are respectively connected with the connected connectors (9) connected with the detonating cords (5) on the detonating cartridges (2) in one adjacent blast hole (6) in the next adjacent row of blast holes (6) in sequence, forming the shot area network (10).

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