CN114710424B - Host data packet processing delay measurement method based on software defined network - Google Patents
Host data packet processing delay measurement method based on software defined network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the processing delay of a host-side data packet based on a software defined network, which loads a packet processing delay measurement task onto a programmable switch and realizes the full coverage and low load of delay anomaly measurement by utilizing the high processing performance of the programmable switch. The whole measurement task is completed together by the coordination host end and the programmable switch, so that the loss of measurement precision caused by overflow of the switch memory under the high-speed packet processing rate is avoided, and finally, the switch detects abnormal data packets according to the calculated processing delay and reports the abnormal data packets to an analyzer arranged at a control layer for further processing. By combining the high processing performance of the programmable switch and the storage capacity of the host, the full coverage and low load of the delay abnormality measurement are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer software and software defined networks, and particularly relates to a host side data packet processing delay measurement method based on a software defined network.
Background
Modern Data Center Networks (DCNs) support many delay-sensitive applications such as web surfing, payment services, and online social networks. These applications generate TCP flows between DCN end hosts. They also issue strict Service Level Objectives (SLOs) for the end-to-end delay of TCP flows. For example, an SLO requires 99% of the flow to be completed in ms. In this case, occasional millisecond end-to-end delay anomalies are unacceptable because it reduces user experience and reduces revenue. Therefore, DCN administrators are strongly required to discover delay anomalies in time so they can quickly troubleshoot to recover SLO, thereby minimizing revenue loss. Studies have shown that host-side delay dominates the overall end-to-end delay of TCP flows, which represents the time between the entry of a TCP packet into the end host and the return of a corresponding response by the end host. Thus, the analysis delay on the host side is considered as one basic component of the DCN. Such analysis requires full coverage and low overhead. For full coverage, the analysis should measure the delay of all packets to provide a complete view of the host side state. For low overhead, the analysis itself should not result in high CPU consumption that affects host side performance.
Existing host-side latency analysis solutions have trade-offs between full coverage and low overhead. The system call based solution runs in the user space of the end host. They call a system call, collecting system logs and TCP connection information from the network stack residing in kernel space. To achieve full coverage, they must frequently invoke system calls to obtain real-time statistics, which inevitably results in high CPU consumption and reduced host-side performance; the path tracing-based solution works in the kernel space of the end host, uses the function of the kernel space network stack to insert tracing points, and traces the path of each data packet during processing at the host side. Thus, they can achieve full coverage of the delay analysis. However, the use of a large number of trace points also results in a non-trivial CPU consumption. ; sampling-based solutions mitigate the overhead of the above solutions by data packet sampling. They select some packets as samples of the sampling rate and only measure the delay of the samples. While these solutions achieve low overhead, sampling itself presents problems of low coverage and low accuracy due to the selective sampling. This makes the sampling unsuitable for most monitoring tasks, including analysis of host-side delays.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the processing delay of a host side data packet based on a software defined network, namely a method for offloading analysis operation to a programmable switch and providing full coverage and low-cost host side delay analysis, which is used for effectively solving the problem of high cost or low coverage rate of processing delay measurement.
The packet processing delay measurement task is loaded on the programmable switch, and the full coverage and low load of delay anomaly measurement are realized by utilizing the high processing performance of the programmable switch. The whole measurement task is completed together by the coordination host end and the programmable switch, so that the loss of measurement precision caused by overflow of the switch memory under the high-speed packet processing rate is avoided, and finally, the switch detects abnormal data packets according to the calculated processing delay and reports the abnormal data packets to an analyzer arranged at a control layer for further processing.
The packet processing delay measurement method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) A handler deployed on the switch identifies and gathers TCP request packets as time stamps t in; (2) The end host receives the TCP request and invokes its network stack for processing. When the request reaches the network layer of the stack, the agent intercepts the request and extracts t in from the IP options field, delivers the request to the upper layer stack while storing t in in the queue; (3) The agent receives a response request corresponding to the request from the transport layer. T in in the store queue is deleted. Record t in in the IP options field and send the response back to the programmable switch; (4) When the exchanger receives the request, the processing program extracts t in from the request, records the current system time t out, calculates the delay of the host request, and sends a report to the control plane; the method realizes the full coverage and low load of the delay abnormity measurement by combining the high processing performance of the programmable switch and the storage capacity of the host computer, and has the advantages of simplicity, flexible realization and strong practicability.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method for measuring the processing delay of a host-side data packet based on a software-defined network is characterized by comprising the following steps: erecting a packet processing delay measurement task load on a programmable switch, and realizing full coverage and low load of delay abnormality measurement by utilizing high processing performance of the programmable switch; the whole measurement task is completed together by the coordination host end and the programmable switch, so that the loss of measurement precision caused by overflow of the switch memory at a high-speed packet processing rate is avoided; and finally, detecting the abnormal data packet by the switch according to the calculated processing delay, and reporting the abnormal data packet to an analyzer arranged at a control layer for further processing.
Further, in order to solve the problem of delay analysis, a processing program and an agent program are deployed on the host side and the exchange side respectively, and data packet processing logic is provided for different parts of the overall measurement task, and the packet processing delay measurement method specifically comprises the following steps:
after the external TCP request data packet sent to the host side is set, the host side responds to the external response data packet:
Step S1: a handler deployed on the switch identifies and gathers TCP request packets as time stamps t in;
Step S2: the terminal host receives the TCP request and calls the network stack of the terminal host for processing; when the request reaches the network layer of the stack, the agent intercepts the request and extracts t in from the IP options field, delivers the request to the upper layer stack and stores t in in the queue;
Step S3: the agent receives a response request corresponding to the request from the transport layer; delete t in in the store queue; record t in in the IP options field and send the response back to the programmable switch;
Step S4: when the switch receives the request, the handler extracts t in from the request, records the current system time t out, calculates the delay of the host request, and sends a report to the control plane.
Further, the packet processing delay measurement task is translated into the following six local subtasks: (1) type identification of the data packet, (2) collection of request data packet arrival time stamp t in, (3) storage of Gbps-level time stamp information during packet processing, (4) collection of response data packet arrival time stamp t out, (5) calculation of packet processing delay, (6) identification of delay exception packet and reporting to control plane.
Further, in step S1, the processing program ignores SYN and FIN packets when executing the identification packet type, so as to avoid affecting the establishment and termination of the TCP connection; for other TCP packets, the egress switch port ρ of the packet is checked, and if it is connected to an external switch in the DCN structure, the packet is also ignored; otherwise, the processing program checks the modification condition of the IP selectable field to identify the type of the data packet, modifies the IP selectable field of the request data packet, stores the time stamp information and transmits the time stamp information to the terminal host, so as to avoid the measurement precision loss caused by the overflow of the switch memory in the high-speed forwarding environment.
Further, in step S2, the agent is deployed at the network layer, intercepts a request packet in the host-side network stack to be parsed into the transport layer, extracts a time stamp t in from the discarded IP option field, and provides payload data for higher-layer application reception.
Further, in step S3, the agent creates a set of queues Q in the network layer of the host-side network stack for managing the time stamps attached to the traffic requests; when the terminal host receives a request data packet, the agent program locates the queue Q [ key ] according to the hash result key of the request quintuple and stores a time stamp t in; when a response is received from the transport layer, the agent locates and eliminates the timestamp t in in the queue using the equivalent relationship between the TCP acknowledgement number of the request packet and the responding TCP sequence number.
Further, in step S4, the processing program calculates a packet processing delay t using the extracted time stamp t in and the packet arrival time stamp t out; and setting a configurable threshold θ, for a delay t > θ, generating a quintuple comprising delay t, data packet, and sending an identifier delay report along with an ingress switch port receiving the data packet to an analyzer for use in balancing the detection coverage against the bandwidth overhead.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the system have the advantages that the high processing performance of the programmable switch and the storage characteristic of the host side are combined, the host side and the programmable switch are coordinated to jointly complete the overall measurement task, the full coverage and the low load of the packet processing delay measurement are realized, the memory overflow of the switch and the system call time consumption of the host side can be effectively avoided, and the problem that the full coverage and the low load are difficult to meet simultaneously in the aspect of the packet processing delay measurement is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a processor architecture deployed at a switch end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an agent architecture deployed on a host according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the features and advantages of the present patent more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below:
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The embodiment provides a host side data packet processing delay measuring method based on a software defined network. The method decouples the packet processing delay measurement task and then selectively loads local subtasks to the programmable switch, and the full coverage and low load of delay abnormality measurement are realized by utilizing the high processing performance of the programmable switch. The whole measurement task is completed together by the coordination host end and the programmable switch, so that the loss of measurement precision caused by overflow of the switch memory under the high-speed packet processing rate is avoided, and finally, the switch detects an abnormal data packet according to the calculated processing delay and reports the abnormal data packet to an analyzer arranged at a control layer for further processing. In particular, in this embodiment, for the overall measurement task, a processing program and an agent program are deployed at the switch end and the host end respectively, and different packet processing logic is operated, which specifically includes the following steps:
1. Identifying and collecting TCP request packet information: as shown in fig. 1, for each incoming TCP packet, the handler first performs an operation of identifying the packet type. In particular, it ignores SYN and FIN packets to avoid affecting the establishment and termination of TCP connections. For any other TCP packet, the switch egress port ρ of the packet is checked. The handler will also ignore the packet if ρ is connected to an external switch in the DCN structure. Otherwise, the handler will check the IP options field of the data packet; if the IP option is empty, the packet has not been processed by the agent, so it is identified as a new request. Otherwise, the data packet will be identified as a response packet returned by the end host. In particular, for an identified request packet, the handler embeds the current time t in into the IP options field of the packet.
2. Agent program processing logic: when a request arrives at the end host, it will be passed to the network stack on the host side. The stack analyzes the data packet header and provides for higher layer application reception of the payload data.
(1) As shown in fig. 2, when a request packet enters the transport layer, its IP header will be discarded by default. The agent intercepts the request at the network layer, stores t in before the IP header is discarded, ensuring the normal execution of its parsing operations. The agent creates a set of Q queues for t in storage, each associated with a particular traffic identified by the five-tuple of the traffic, indexing the timestamp attached to the request packet. In particular, when a request is stored at t in, it also stores the acknowledgement number for the request in the queue.
(2) As shown in fig. 2, when a packet is transmitted from the transport layer, the agent exchanges source and destination fields of a five-tuple of the packet and obtains a key through hashing. It uses the sequence number of the packet to query the corresponding location in Q key. If the lookup fails, i.e., the serial number is not in the previously recorded acknowledgement number of the agent, the packet is a new request sent by the end host and is not analyzed by the handler. Thus, the agent ignores this packet. Otherwise, it re-embeds t in at the corresponding position after positioning into the IP option field of the packet and passes it back to the switch.
Calculating the data packet processing delay: as shown in fig. 1, when the handler identifies a response packet returned by the end-host, the handler performs three additional parsing operations. First, it records the timestamp t out at the time of receipt of the response packet. Next, it retrieves t in from the IP options, calculates the host-side processing delay t=t out - tin, and resets the IP options. Finally, the delayed data is optionally reported to an analyzer, which further analyzes the delayed anomalies based on the received data.
The above program design scheme provided in this embodiment may be stored in a computer readable storage medium in a coded form, implemented in a computer program, and input basic parameter information required for calculation through computer hardware, and output a calculation result.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (means), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow of the flowchart, and combinations of flows in the flowchart, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make modifications or alterations to the disclosed technical content to the equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
The present patent is not limited to the above-mentioned best mode, any person can obtain other various methods for measuring the processing delay of the host side data packet based on the software defined network under the teaching of the present patent, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the present patent should be covered by the present patent.
Claims (5)
1. A method for measuring the processing delay of a host-side data packet based on a software-defined network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the packet processing delay measurement task load is erected on a programmable switch, the whole measurement task is completed together through a coordination host end and the programmable switch, and finally, the switch detects abnormal data packets according to the calculated processing delay and reports the abnormal data packets to an analyzer deployed at a control layer for further processing;
the method comprises the steps of respectively deploying a processing program and an agent program at a host side and a switch side, respectively providing data packet processing logic for different parts of an overall measurement task, wherein the packet processing delay measurement method specifically comprises the following steps:
after the external TCP request data packet sent to the host side is set, the host side responds to the external response data packet:
Step S1: a handler deployed on the switch identifies and gathers TCP request packets as time stamps t in;
Step S2: the terminal host receives the TCP request and calls the network stack of the terminal host for processing; when the request reaches the network layer of the stack, the agent intercepts the request and extracts t in from the IP options field, delivers the request to the upper layer stack and stores t in in the queue;
Step S3: the agent receives a response request corresponding to the request from the transport layer; delete t in in the store queue; record t in in the IP options field and send the response back to the programmable switch;
Step S4: when the exchanger receives the request, the processing program extracts t in from the request, records the current system time t out, calculates the delay of the host request, and sends a report to the control plane;
In step S1, the processing program ignores SYN and FIN packets when executing the identification packet type, so as to avoid affecting the establishment and termination of the TCP connection; for other TCP packets, the egress switch port ρ of the packet is checked, and if it is connected to an external switch in the DCN structure, the packet is also ignored; otherwise, the processing program checks the modification condition of the IP selectable field to identify the type of the data packet, modifies the IP selectable field of the request data packet, stores the time stamp information and transmits the time stamp information to the terminal host, thereby avoiding the measurement precision loss caused by the overflow of the switch memory in the high-speed forwarding environment.
2. The method for measuring the processing delay of a host-side data packet based on a software defined network according to claim 1, wherein: the packet processing delay measurement task is converted into the following six local subtasks: (1) type identification of the data packet, (2) collection of request data packet arrival time stamp t in, (3) storage of Gbps-level time stamp information during packet processing, (4) collection of response data packet arrival time stamp t out, (5) calculation of packet processing delay, (6) identification of delay exception packet and reporting to control plane.
3. The method for measuring the processing delay of a host-side data packet based on a software defined network according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the agent is deployed at the network layer, intercepts a request packet in the host-side network stack that is about to enter the transport layer for parsing, extracts the timestamp t in from the discarded IP option field, and provides payload data for higher-layer application reception.
4. The method for measuring the processing delay of a host-side data packet based on a software defined network according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the agent creates a set of queues Q in the network layer of the host-side network stack for managing the time stamps attached to the traffic requests; when the terminal host receives a request data packet, the agent program locates the queue Q [ key ] according to the hash result key of the request quintuple and stores a time stamp t in; when a response is received from the transport layer, the agent locates and eliminates the timestamp t in in the queue using the equivalent relationship between the TCP acknowledgement number of the request packet and the responding TCP sequence number.
5. The method for measuring the processing delay of a host-side data packet based on a software defined network according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the processing program calculates a packet processing delay t using the extracted time stamp t in and the packet arrival time stamp t out; and setting a configurable threshold θ, for a delay t > θ, generating a quintuple comprising delay t, data packet, and sending an identifier delay report along with an ingress switch port receiving the data packet to an analyzer for use in balancing the detection coverage against the bandwidth overhead.
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