CN114709385A - Battery with a battery cell - Google Patents

Battery with a battery cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114709385A
CN114709385A CN202210279314.4A CN202210279314A CN114709385A CN 114709385 A CN114709385 A CN 114709385A CN 202210279314 A CN202210279314 A CN 202210279314A CN 114709385 A CN114709385 A CN 114709385A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
silicon
range
edge
winding core
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Pending
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CN202210279314.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
方嘉琳
王烽
刘春洋
薛佳宸
李素丽
李俊义
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Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
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Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210279314.4A priority Critical patent/CN114709385A/en
Publication of CN114709385A publication Critical patent/CN114709385A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals

Abstract

The present invention provides a battery, characterized by comprising: the winding core comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative plate, the negative plate comprises a current collector and a coating coated on the surface of the current collector, the coating comprises a negative active material, and the negative active material comprises a graphite material and a silicon negative material; the aluminum-plastic film sealing layer is used for sealing the winding core and the electrolyte, the first edge of the aluminum-plastic film sealing layer seals any side of the winding core in the length direction, and the second edge of the aluminum-plastic film sealing layer seals any side of the winding core in the width direction; the relation between the content of the silicon cathode material and the first edge and the second edge is：
Figure DDA0003556153770000011
Wherein A is1Is the mass ratio of silicon anode material to anode active material, W1Is the width of the first side, W2Is the width value of the second side, x1And x2Is constant, and x1Less than x2. According to the embodiment of the invention, the silicon negative electrode material with higher energy density is added into the negative electrode active material, so that the energy density of the battery is improved.

Description

Battery with a battery cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery.
Background
Lithium batteries are currently widely used in the field of mobile battery devices and new energy sources, and have high capacity and high energy density. In the related art, lithium batteries generally use a graphite material as a battery negative electrode sheet for electrical cycling. However, as the performance of the related products in the field of using lithium batteries is improved, the demand for lithium batteries with higher energy density is also increasing. At present, due to the limitation of materials, the energy density of the lithium battery using graphite materials as the negative electrode sheet is difficult to be greatly improved, and the lithium battery cannot meet the requirement of high energy density.
Therefore, the related art has a problem that it is difficult to increase the energy density of the lithium battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery, which is used for solving the problem that the energy density of a lithium battery is difficult to increase in the related art.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery, including: a winding core, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film sealing layer, wherein,
the winding core comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative plate, wherein the negative plate comprises a current collector and a coating coated on the surface of the current collector, the coating comprises a negative active material, and the negative active material comprises a graphite material and a silicon negative material;
the aluminum plastic film sealing layer is used for sealing the winding core and the electrolyte, the first edge of the aluminum plastic film sealing layer seals any one side of the winding core in the length direction, and the second edge of the aluminum plastic film sealing layer seals any one side of the winding core in the width direction;
the relation between the content of the silicon negative electrode material and the first edge and the second edge is as follows:
Figure BDA0003556153750000011
wherein, A is1The mass ratio of the silicon anode material to the anode active material, W1Is the width value of the first edge, W2Is the width value of the second edge, x1And said x2Is constant, and said x1Less than said x2。
As an alternative embodiment, the silicon negative electrode material includes at least one of a lithium silicate material, a silicon carbide material, and a silicon oxide material.
As an optional embodiment, in the case that the silicon anode material is the lithium silicate material or the silicon oxide material, the a is1The value range of (1%) to (40%), wherein x is1Is not less than 0, x2Is not more than 0.5.
As an alternative embodiment, the ratio of the amount of the species of elemental oxygen to the amount of the species of elemental silicon in the silicon oxide material ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.
As an alternative embodiment, in the case that the silicon negative electrode material is the silicon carbide material, the a is1The value range of (1) to (60)%, wherein x1Is not less than 0, x2Is not more than 0.75.
As an optional implementation manner, the silicon carbide material includes carbon element, and a mass ratio of the carbon element to the silicon carbide material is 30% to 70%.
As an alternative embodiment, the absolute value of the difference between the mass ratios of the carbon elements at any two points in each 100nm range in the silicon carbide material is not greater than 10%.
As an alternative embodiment, the width W of the first side1Not less than a preset value Y, wherein Y satisfies the following condition:
Figure BDA0003556153750000021
wherein H is the thickness of the first side or the second side, and x1X is the same as2X is the same as3And said x4Are all constants.
As an alternative embodiment, said W1In the range of 0.8-10mm, said W2In the range of 4-10 mm.
As an alternative embodiment, x is3In the range of 0.001 to 0.01, said x4In the range of 0.001 to 0.01, said x5In the range of 0.001 to 0.01, said x6In the range of 0.001-0.01.
One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the silicon negative electrode material is added into the negative electrode active material, and the silicon negative electrode material has higher energy density compared with the graphite material, so that the energy density of the negative electrode plate is improved, and the energy density of the battery is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative electrode sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the first edge width and the second edge width according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, where the battery includes: a winding core 10, an electrolyte 20 and an aluminum plastic film sealing layer 30, wherein,
the winding core 10 comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative plate, wherein the negative plate comprises a current collector 101 and a coating 102 coated on the surface of the current collector 101, the coating 102 comprises a negative active material, and the negative active material comprises a graphite material and a silicon negative material;
the aluminum plastic film sealing layer 30 is used for sealing the winding core 10 and the electrolyte 20, a first edge 301 of the aluminum plastic film sealing layer 30 seals any side of the winding core 10 in the length direction, and a second edge 302 of the aluminum plastic film sealing layer 30 seals any side of the winding core 10 in the width direction;
the relationship between the content of the silicon anode material and the first 301 and second 302 sides is as follows:
Figure BDA0003556153750000031
wherein A is1Is the mass ratio of silicon anode material to anode active material, W1Is the width of the first side 301, W2Is the width value, x, of the second edge 3021And x2Is constant, and x1Less than x2。
In this embodiment, the energy density of the negative electrode sheet is increased and the energy density of the lithium battery is improved by adding a silicon negative electrode material to the negative electrode active material, which has a higher energy density than the graphite material.
The structure of the negative electrode plate is shown in fig. 2, and the interlayer spacing of the graphite or silicon negative electrode material becomes large after lithium is embedded in the graphite or silicon negative electrode material in the circulation process, so that the volume of the battery is expanded; in addition, side reactions may occur during cycling to produce solid by-products that deposit on the surface of the negative electrode causing swelling; alternatively, the electrolyte 20 reacts at the negative electrode to generate gas, causing the battery to swell. Swelling of the battery will cause the battery package to be under tensile stress, which when exceeding a threshold may cause the battery package to break, resulting in battery failure. Therefore, the graphite material and the silicon negative electrode material in the negative electrode active material need to be defined correspondingly in the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, min (W) in the formula1,W2) The minimum width of the first side 301 or the second side 302 is shown, and it is understood that in the case that the minimum width satisfies the usage requirement, the side other than the minimum width can also satisfy the usage requirement.
As an alternative embodiment, the silicon negative electrode material includes at least one of a lithium silicate material, a silicon carbide material, and a silicon oxide material.
In this embodiment, the silicon negative electrode material generally includes lithium silicate (chemical formula LiSiO), silicon carbide, or silicon oxide (chemical formula SiO)x) And the silicon anode can be used as a silicon anode after being mixed with graphite materials, so that the energy density of the battery can be effectively improved.
As an alternative embodiment, in the case that the silicon anode material is the lithium silicate material or the silicon oxide material, the a is1The value range of (1%) to (40%), wherein x is1Is not less than 0, x2Is not more than 0.5.
In this embodiment, in the case where the silicon anode material is a lithium silicate material or a silicon oxide material, the lithium silicate material or the silicon oxide material will also cause a problem of swelling of the battery during battery cycling. The quality of the lithium silicate material and the negative active material in the examples of the present invention was experimentally testedRatio of amounts A1When the formula is satisfied, the expanded volume of the battery does not cause the damage of the battery package, so that the battery can be normally used within the designed 15-year expected life.
Wherein the first side 301 width and the second side 302 width are defined for different lithium silicate material contents, since the variation of the lithium silicate material content will cause the tensile stress received by the first side 301 and the second side 302 to vary. The relationship between the content of the lithium silicate material, the first side 301 and the second side 302, obtained through experimental tests in the embodiment of the present invention, satisfies a1The value range of (1%) to (40%) x5Has a value range of not less than 0 and x6Under the condition that the value range of (1) is not more than 0.5, the formula is satisfied:
Figure BDA0003556153750000051
with the above formula satisfied, the battery can be used normally within the designed 15 year life expectancy.
Likewise, the widths of the first side 301 and the second side 302 for different silicon oxide material contents need to be defined, since a change in the silicon oxide material contents will cause a change in the tensile stress received by the first side 301 and the second side 302. The relationship between the content of the silicon oxide material, the first edge 301 and the second edge 302, which is obtained by experimental tests in the embodiment of the present invention, satisfies a3The value range of (1%) to (40%), x9Has a value range of not less than 0, x10Under the condition that the value range of (1) is not more than 0.5, the formula is satisfied:
Figure BDA0003556153750000052
with the above formula satisfied, the battery can be used normally within the designed 15 year life expectancy.
As an alternative embodiment, the ratio of the amount of the species of elemental oxygen to the amount of the species of elemental silicon in the silicon oxide material is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2.
In this embodiment, silicon is a main element for increasing the energy density of the battery, and the content of oxygen is reduced as much as possible, thereby improving the performance of the battery. It can be understood that the present embodiment provides a ratio of the amount of the substance of the oxygen element to the amount of the substance of the silicon element in the silicon oxide material ranging from 0.8 to 1.2, i.e., SiOxX in (b) is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2, in which the energy density of the battery can be effectively increased.
For example, the ratio of the amount of the oxygen element to the amount of the silicon element in the silicon oxide material is 0.8, and at this time, the content of the silicon element is high, so that the performance of the battery is effectively improved, and at the same time, the volume increase caused by the increase of the content of the silicon element is within a control range, so that the battery can be normally used in the designed service life. For example, the ratio of the amount of the oxygen element to the amount of the silicon element in the silicon oxide material is 1.2, and at this time, the content of the oxygen element is increased, but the silicon oxide can still improve the energy density of the battery, and increasing the content of the oxygen element on the basis may cause the content of the silicon element to be insufficient, and on the contrary, the energy density of the battery cannot be effectively increased.
As an alternative embodiment, in the case that the silicon negative electrode material is a silicon carbide material, a1The value range of (1%) to (60%), x1Has a value range of not less than 0, x2Is not more than 0.75.
In this embodiment, too, in the case where the silicon negative electrode material is a silicon carbide material, the silicon carbide material will cause the battery to swell during battery cycling. In the embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio A between the silicon carbide material and the negative active material is tested through experiments1When the formula is satisfied, the expansion condition of the battery can satisfy the requirement of the design life of the battery.
The tensile stress received by the first side 301 and the second side 302 varies due to the variation of the content of the silicon carbide material, and the widths of the first side 301 and the second side 302 with respect to different contents of the silicon carbide material need to be defined. Modification of silicon carbide materials to battery performanceIt is distinguished from lithium silicate or silicon oxide materials for improving the performance of the battery. The relation between the content of the silicon carbide material and the first side 301 and the second side 302 obtained through experimental tests in the embodiment of the invention satisfies A2The value range of (1%) to (60%), x7Has a value range of not less than 0, x8Under the condition that the value range of (1) is not more than 0.75, the formula is satisfied:
Figure BDA0003556153750000061
with the above formula satisfied, the battery can be used normally within the designed 15 year life expectancy.
As an optional implementation mode, the silicon carbide material comprises carbon element, and the mass ratio of the carbon element to the silicon carbide material is 30-70%.
In the embodiment, the silicon carbide material and the graphite material both contain carbon element, so that the mass ratio of the carbon element to the silicon carbide material is 30-70% in order to keep the silicon carbide within a certain content, the silicon carbide material and the graphite material are kept in a certain ratio, the energy density of the battery is improved, and meanwhile, the expansion volume of the battery can be effectively controlled, so that the design life requirement of the battery is met.
As an alternative embodiment, the absolute value of the difference in mass ratio between carbon at any two points in each 100nm range in the silicon carbide material is not greater than 10%.
In this embodiment, if the silicon carbide material is too concentrated, the negative electrode plate may be too expanded in a local area during the circulation process, so that the negative electrode plate may fail, and therefore, the uniformity of the silicon carbide material needs to be limited. In the embodiment of the invention, the absolute value of the mass ratio difference of the carbon elements at any two points in each 100nm range in the silicon carbide material is not more than 10%, so that the uniformity can be effectively improved, and the failure of the negative plate caused by local area expansion is avoided.
As an alternative embodiment, the width W of the first side1Not less than a preset value Y, Y satisfies:
Figure BDA0003556153750000062
wherein H is the thickness of the first side or the second side, x1、x2、x3And x4Are all constants.
In this embodiment, the electrolyte 20 of the battery reacts with water vapor to generate gas during the use process, which causes excessive internal pressure of the battery and leads to package damage of the battery. The plastic-aluminum film sealing layer 30 for packaging has the possibility of water vapor penetrating into the battery, and the widths of the first edge 301 and the second edge 302 need to be limited, so as to avoid the water vapor from entering the battery to cause damage.
The width of the first side 301 and the width of the second side 302 are tested, so that under the condition that the formula is met, moisture is difficult to enter the interior of the battery, and the battery can reach the design expected life.
As an alternative embodiment, W1In the range of 0.8-10mm, W2In the range of 4-10 mm.
In this embodiment, the relation between the first side 301 and the second side 302 of the aluminum plastic film sealing layer 30 with different thickness is different, the thickness of the middle aluminum plastic film is limited to 250 μm in this embodiment, and the relation between the first side 301 and the second side 302 obtained by the test is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the water vapor can be effectively blocked from entering the battery under the condition that the first side 301 is not less than 0.8mm and the second side 302 is not less than 4 mm.
In addition, since the width of the plastic-aluminum film sealing layer 30 is limited by the processing conditions of the equipment and cannot be increased without limit, the upper limits of the first side 301 and the second side 302 are limited, and the embodiment provides that the first side 301 is not more than 10mm, and the second side 302 is not more than 10mm, and the battery can reach the service life of 15 years designed under the condition that the condition is met.
As an alternative embodiment, x3In the range of 0.001-0.01, x4In the range of 0.001-0.01, x5In the range of 0.001-0.01, x6In the range of 0.001-0.01.
In this embodiment, x3、x4、x5And x6Is not limited, e.g., in some embodiments, x3In the range of 0.001-0.01, x4In the range of 0.001-0.01, x5In the range of 0.001-0.01, x6In the range of 0.001-0.01.
Further, through experimental tests of the embodiment of the present invention, a relationship curve between the first side 301 and the second side 302 that can satisfy the expected lifetime can be obtained, and the curve fitted as shown in fig. 3 is:
Figure BDA0003556153750000071
wherein x in the formula3Is 0.0092721, x4Is 0.0039685, x5Is 0.0062564, x6Is 0.0194843. With the above formula satisfied, the battery achieves normal use within a set life expectancy.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A battery, comprising: a winding core, electrolyte and an aluminum plastic film sealing layer, wherein,
the winding core comprises a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative plate, wherein the negative plate comprises a current collector and a coating coated on the surface of the current collector, the coating comprises a negative active material, and the negative active material comprises a graphite material and a silicon negative material;
the aluminum-plastic film sealing layer is used for sealing the winding core and the electrolyte, the first edge of the aluminum-plastic film sealing layer seals any side of the winding core in the length direction, and the second edge of the aluminum-plastic film sealing layer seals any side of the winding core in the width direction;
the relation between the content of the silicon negative electrode material and the first edge and the second edge is as follows:
Figure FDA0003556153740000011
wherein, A is1The mass ratio of the silicon anode material to the anode active material, W1Is the width value of the first edge, W2Is the width value of the second edge, x1And said x2Is constant, and said x1Less than said x2。
2. The battery of claim 1, wherein the silicon negative electrode material comprises at least one of a lithium silicate material, a silicon carbide material, and a silicon oxide material.
3. The battery of claim 2, wherein a is the case where the silicon negative electrode material is the lithium silicate material or the silicon oxide material1The value range of (1%) to (40%), wherein x is1Is not less than 0, x2Is not more than 0.5.
4. The battery of claim 2, wherein a ratio of the amount of elemental oxygen species to the amount of elemental silicon species in the silicon oxide material is in a range of 0.8-1.2.
5. The battery according to claim 2, wherein in the case where the silicon negative electrode material is the silicon carbide material, the a is1The value range of (1) to (60)%, wherein x1Is not less than 0, x2Is not more than 0.75.
6. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide material includes carbon element therein, and a mass ratio of the carbon element to the silicon carbide material is 30% to 70%.
7. The battery according to claim 6, wherein the absolute value of the difference in mass ratio between the carbon elements at any two points in each 100nm range region in the silicon carbide material is not more than 10%.
8. The battery of claim 1, wherein the width W of the first side1Not less than a preset value Y, wherein Y satisfies the following condition:
Figure FDA0003556153740000021
wherein H is the thickness of the first side or the second side, and x1X is the same as2X is the same as3And said x4Are all constants.
9. The battery of claim 8, wherein W is1In the range of 0.8-10mm, said W2In the range of 4-10 mm.
10. The battery of claim 8, wherein x is3In the range of 0.001 to 0.01, said x4In the range of 0.001 to 0.01, said x5In the range of 0.001 to 0.01, said x6In the range of 0.001-0.01.
CN202210279314.4A 2022-03-21 2022-03-21 Battery with a battery cell Pending CN114709385A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1288595A (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-03-21 索尼株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte cell
JP2015005353A (en) * 2013-06-19 2015-01-08 株式会社豊田自動織機 Power storage device
CN113745645A (en) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-03 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery of silicon cathode system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1288595A (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-03-21 索尼株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte cell
JP2015005353A (en) * 2013-06-19 2015-01-08 株式会社豊田自動織機 Power storage device
CN113745645A (en) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-03 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery of silicon cathode system

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