CN114709105A - Small vacuum closed switch based on surface flashover principle and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Small vacuum closed switch based on surface flashover principle and manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114709105A
CN114709105A CN202210302096.1A CN202210302096A CN114709105A CN 114709105 A CN114709105 A CN 114709105A CN 202210302096 A CN202210302096 A CN 202210302096A CN 114709105 A CN114709105 A CN 114709105A
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main electrode
resistor
trigger
switch
electrode
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CN114709105B (en
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何孟兵
张梦瑜
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a small vacuum closed switch based on a surface flashover principle and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the small vacuum closed switch comprises a switch main body and a switch auxiliary circuit, the switch main body comprises a sealed shell, a vacuum chamber arranged in the sealed shell, an insulating layer arranged on the inner side wall surface of the sealed shell, a surface flashover material substrate horizontally arranged on the insulating layer, a first main electrode unit and a second main electrode unit respectively arranged at two ends of the top of the surface flashover material substrate, and a trigger electrode unit arranged at the center of the top of the surface flashover material substrate; the switch auxiliary circuit comprises a main circuit unit and a trigger loop unit, wherein the output end of the main circuit unit is electrically connected with the first main electrode unit and the second main electrode unit respectively and provides working voltage for the first main electrode unit and the second main electrode unit, and the trigger loop unit outputs high-voltage pulses to the trigger electrode unit, so that electric field distortion between the first main electrode unit and the second main electrode unit causes flashover, and the switch is closed.

Description

Small vacuum closed switch based on surface flashover principle and manufacturing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical switches, and particularly relates to a small vacuum closing switch based on a surface flashover principle and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
In pulsed power systems, switching is one of the most critical components. Commonly used closed switches in pulsed power systems are field distortion switches, pseudo spark switches, semiconductor switches, magnetic switches, and surface flashover switches. The field distortion switch and the pseudo spark switch have strong current capacity, but the switching time delay and the jitter are difficult to be smaller; the semiconductor switch has advantages in repetition frequency, but the current capacity and the voltage resistance of the semiconductor switch are lower; magnetic switches can be used at a repetition rate, but they are inferior in closing speed; the surface flashover switch has the advantages of simple structure, accurate control and triggering, low switch jitter, wide working range, easy realization of multi-channel discharge, low switch inductance and the like, and the flashover switch also has the important advantage that the flashover switch can be integrated on components of a pulse power device (such as a pulse forming line, a transformer and the like), realizes the integration and compactness of equipment and provides a foundation for the miniaturization of the equipment.
Patent CN101051577A discloses a high-energy vacuum CROWBAR switch based on high dielectric surface flashover, which comprises an insulating housing, and an upper electrode and a lower electrode arranged in the insulating housing, wherein a main discharge gap is formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, at least one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode is a movable electrode, a surface flashover dielectric material embedded with a trigger electrode is arranged in a fixed electrode or the movable electrode or on one side of the fixed electrode, a surface discharge gap is formed between the trigger electrode and the surface flashover dielectric material, and when the trigger electrode is embedded on one side of the fixed electrode, the trigger electrode and an end flange are isolated by an insulating material.
The switch of the patent is an electric pulse trigger surface flashover switch with a coaxial structure, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are vertically arranged along the same axis, and due to the axial height of the upper electrode and the lower electrode and the clearance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, the whole switch is large in size, is not suitable for certain application occasions with limited space, and is limited in realizing the compactness and miniaturization of equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the electrodes of the surface switch in the prior art are axially symmetrical and vertically arranged and have larger volume, the invention provides the small vacuum closed switch based on the surface flashover principle, the main electrode and the trigger electrode are horizontally arranged on the surface flashover material substrate, the circumferential height of the electrodes is reduced, the whole volume of the small vacuum closed switch is more compact, the space occupancy rate can be effectively reduced, and the integration and miniaturization of equipment are facilitated; the trigger pulse is accurately sent by the switch auxiliary circuit, so that the function of controlling the on-off of the switch is realized, and the voltage stability, the discharge time delay stability and the repetition frequency working capability of the switch are better.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a small vacuum closed switch based on a surface flashover principle, which comprises a switch main body and a switch auxiliary circuit, wherein the switch main body comprises a sealed shell, a vacuum chamber arranged in the sealed shell, an insulating layer arranged on the inner side wall surface of the sealed shell, a surface flashover material substrate horizontally arranged on the insulating layer, a first main electrode unit and a second main electrode unit respectively arranged at two ends of the top of the surface flashover material substrate, and a trigger electrode unit arranged at the center of the top of the surface flashover material substrate; the switch auxiliary circuit comprises a main circuit unit and a trigger circuit unit, wherein the output end of the main circuit unit is electrically connected with the first main electrode unit and the second main electrode unit respectively and provides working voltage for the first main electrode unit and the second main electrode unit, the trigger circuit unit comprises a comparison module, a photoelectric conversion module, a signal amplification module and a trigger pulse sharpening module, the comparison module outputs a trigger signal after comparing the voltage of an input end, the trigger signal is transmitted to the signal amplification module to be boosted and amplified after optical coupling isolation is carried out through the photoelectric conversion module, a low-voltage pulse signal is output, the low-voltage pulse signal is further boosted through the trigger pulse sharpening module, a high-voltage pulse is output and is input to the trigger electrode unit, electric field distortion between the first main electrode unit and the second main electrode unit causes flashover, and therefore the switch is closed.
Furthermore, the trigger electrode unit comprises a trigger electrode, a third insulation wall bushing and a trigger electrode lead-out wire; the trigger electrode is of a sheet-shaped structure, the bottom of the trigger electrode is embedded in a corresponding fixing groove on the insulating layer, and the top of the trigger electrode penetrates through the surface flashover material substrate; the trigger electrode lead-out wire is electrically connected with the trigger electrode; the third insulation wall bushing penetrates through the side wall of the sealed shell, and a lead can be led out through the trigger electrode.
Further, the first main electrode unit comprises a first main electrode, a first insulating wall bushing and a first main electrode lead-out wire, wherein the first main electrode is embedded at the top of the surface flashover material substrate and is electrically connected with the first main electrode lead-out wire; the first insulation wall bushing penetrates through the top of the sealing shell, and is respectively kept in sealing fit with the first main electrode lead-out lead and the sealing shell while the lead is led out through the first main electrode; the second main electrode unit has the same structure as the first main electrode unit and comprises a second main electrode, a second insulating wall bushing and a second main electrode lead-out wire.
Furthermore, a connecting line of the first main electrode and the second main electrode is perpendicular to the trigger electrode and intersects with a central point of the trigger electrode, a first gap is arranged between the first main electrode and the trigger electrode, and a second gap is arranged between the second main electrode and the trigger electrode.
Further, the main circuit unit includes a direct current high voltage generator Us1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2; a first output end of the direct current high-voltage generator Us1 is sequentially connected in series with a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 and then grounded to form a filter circuit, a series end of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 is used as a voltage output end and is connected with a first main electrode leading-out wire, and output direct current voltage is loaded on the first main electrode; the second output end of the direct current high-voltage generator Us1 is sequentially connected in series with a resistor R2, a capacitor C2 and a resistor R3 and then grounded, the serial end of the resistor R2 and the capacitor C2 is used as a voltage output end and is connected with a second main electrode leading-out wire, and output direct current voltage is loaded on the second main electrode.
Further, the comparing module includes an input power VCC, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a capacitor C1, a transistor Q1, a chip U1, a switch SW1, and a chip U1; the power supply VCC is respectively connected with a resistor R5, a resistor R7 and a resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a resistor R6 in series and then grounded, the serial end of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 is connected with a pin 2 at the input end of the chip U1, the other end of the resistor R7 and the switch SW1 are connected in series and then grounded, and the serial end of the resistor R7 and the switch SW1 are connected with a pin 3 at the input end of the chip U1; chip U1 output end pin 7 is connected with the resistance R8 other end, electric capacity C4 one end and triode Q1 base respectively, hold C4 other end ground connection, triode Q1 collecting electrode is connected with the power VCC, and projecting pole series resistance R9 is connected with the photoelectric conversion module input.
Further, the photoelectric conversion module comprises a chip U2 and a chip U3, the input end of the chip U2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R9, the output end of the chip U2 is connected with the input end of the chip U3 through an optical fiber, and the resistors R10 and R11 at the serial end of the output end of the chip U3 sequentially transmit the initial trigger signal to the signal amplification module.
Further, the amplifying module comprises a chip U4, a thyristor D1, a transformer T1, a resistor R14 and a capacitor C6; the input end of the chip U4 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, an initial trigger signal is amplified to enable a thyristor D1 to be conducted, and the initial trigger signal is boosted by a transformer T1 and transmitted to a trigger pulse sharpening module after being filtered by a filter circuit formed by a resistor R14 and a capacitor C6.
Further, the trigger pulse sharpening module comprises a three-electrode gas switch QF1, a transformer T2, a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a capacitor C7 and a capacitor C8; the initial trigger signal is converted into a low-voltage electric pulse signal by the amplifying module 123 and is input to the input end of the three-electrode gas switch QF1, two output ends of the three-electrode gas switch QF1 are respectively connected with the resistor R15 and the capacitor C7 in series and then are connected with the input end of the transformer T2, and the output end of the transformer T2 is sequentially connected with the resistor R16 and the capacitor C8 in series and is connected with an electrode lead-out wire.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for manufacturing a small vacuum interrupter based on the principle of surface flashover, comprising the steps of:
s1: drawing software is used for drawing the three-dimensional model of the switch and generating the engineering drawing. The specific size of the switch is marked clearly;
s2: the method is characterized in that the outline of a first main electrode and the outline of a second main electrode are etched on the surface of a substrate made of the surface flashover material, and the surface flashover material at a trigger electrode is in a penetrating state. The custom copper electrode comprises a first main electrode and a second main electrode which are cylindrical and a trigger electrode which is in a sheet shape. The customized switch main body comprises a sealed shell, insulating materials, a vacuum tube, an insulating wall bushing, a screw fastener and the like;
s3: assembling, namely opening a top cover of the sealed shell, and putting the trigger electrode into a groove made of the bottom insulating material in a matching manner; putting a surface flashover material substrate; the first main electrode and the second main electrode are put in and respectively connected with the lead-out wires. It is desirable that the pores between the planar flashover material substrate and the metal electrode do not exceed 100 microns. Finally, assembling an insulation wall bushing of the thick insulation layer lead, penetrating out the lead, and screwing down each part to ensure air tightness;
s4, vacuumizing, namely, after the vacuum chamber is pumped by using a vacuum pump and related switching devices, sealing the vacuum chamber through an air valve to keep the interior of the vacuum chamber in a vacuum state;
s5: and manufacturing a switch auxiliary circuit, connecting the switch auxiliary circuit with a lead-out wire of the switch main body, and controlling the switch to be switched on and off.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the small vacuum closed switch based on the surface flashover principle, the first main electrode unit, the second main electrode unit and the trigger electrode unit are arranged at the top of the surface flashover material substrate to form a plane structure, so that the axial height of the electrodes is greatly reduced, the whole volume of the small vacuum closed switch is more compact, the space occupancy rate can be effectively reduced, and the integration and miniaturization of equipment are facilitated; the trigger pulse is accurately sent by the switch auxiliary circuit, so that the function of controlling the on-off of the switch is realized, and the voltage stability, the discharge time delay stability and the repetition frequency working capability of the switch are better.
2. According to the small vacuum closed switch based on the planar flashover principle, the flaky trigger electrode is arranged, so that the side surface area is large, the axial height is low, and metal vapor adhesion in the arcing process is reduced when the planar flashover area is effectively increased; the trigger electrode, the first main electrode and the second main electrode are horizontally arranged at the top of the surface flashover material substrate, when flashover occurs in the horizontal direction, metal steam volatilizes upwards, metal steam generated in the arcing process is reduced to be attached to the surface of the surface flashover material substrate, and the service life of the switch is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a switch body of a miniature vacuum interrupter based on the principle of surface flashover in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transverse cross-section of a switch body in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a switch body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a switch auxiliary circuit of the switch main body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial circuit diagram of a trigger loop unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a pulse sharpening module of the trigger loop unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of the small vacuum closing switch in the embodiment of the invention.
In all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1-sealed shell, 2-insulating layer, 201-bottom insulating layer, 202-side wall insulating layer, 3-surface flashover material substrate, 4-first main electrode unit, 401-first main electrode, 402-first insulating wall bushing, 403-first main electrode lead-out wire, 5-second main electrode unit, 501-second main electrode, 502-second insulating wall bushing, 503-second main electrode lead-out wire, 6-trigger electrode unit, 601-trigger electrode, 602-third insulating wall bushing, 603-trigger electrode lead-out wire, 7-first gap, 8-second gap, 9-vacuum tube, 10-vacuum chamber, 11-main circuit unit, 12-trigger circuit unit, 121-comparison module, 9-vacuum tube, and vacuum tube, 122-a photoelectric conversion module, 123-a signal amplification module and 124-a trigger pulse sharpening module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1-7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a small vacuum switch based on the principle of surface flashover, including a switch main body and a switch auxiliary circuit, where the switch main body includes a sealed housing 1, the interior of which is sealed and vacuumized to form a vacuum chamber 10, an insulating layer 2 disposed on the inner side wall surface of the sealed housing 1, a surface flashover material substrate 3 disposed on the insulating layer 2, a first main electrode unit 4 and a second main electrode unit 5 respectively disposed at two ends of the surface flashover material substrate 3, and a trigger electrode unit 6 disposed at the center of the surface flashover material substrate 3; the switch auxiliary circuit comprises a main circuit unit 11 and a trigger circuit unit 12, the main circuit unit 11 is connected with lead-out wires of the first main electrode unit 4 and the second main electrode unit 5 to provide working voltage for the two main electrode units, the working voltage is lower than a surface flashover voltage threshold value between the two main electrode units, so that a switch is not conducted under the action of the working voltage, the trigger circuit unit 12 is connected with the lead-out wire of the trigger electrode unit 6 to provide pulse trigger voltage for the trigger electrode unit 6, the voltage between the trigger electrode unit 6 and the first main electrode unit 4 and the voltage between the trigger electrode unit 6 and the second main electrode unit 5 are higher than the surface flashover voltage threshold value by controlling the on-off of the pulse trigger voltage, electric field distortion among the three is caused to cause flashover, and the switch is closed. In the embodiment of the invention, the first main electrode unit 4, the second main electrode unit 5 and the trigger electrode unit 6 are arranged on the top of the surface flashover material substrate 3 to form a plane structure, so that the axial height of the electrode is greatly reduced, the integral volume of the small vacuum closed switch is more compact, the space occupancy rate can be effectively reduced, and the integration and miniaturization of equipment are facilitated; the trigger pulse is accurately sent by the switch auxiliary circuit, so that the function of controlling the on-off of the switch is realized, and the voltage stability, the discharge time delay stability and the repetition frequency working capability of the switch are better.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the switch main body includes a sealed case 1, an insulating layer 2, a surface flashover material substrate 3, a first main electrode unit 4, a second main electrode unit 5, a trigger electrode unit 6, an evacuation tube 9, and a vacuum chamber 10. The sealing shell 1 is a cylindrical hollow sealing structure and can be made of high-strength metal materials, and atmospheric pressure is resisted during vacuumizing. Insulating layer 2 is located in seal housing 1, including locating the lateral wall insulating layer 202 of interior lateral wall face and locating the bottom insulating layer 202 of bottom, with seal housing 1 and electrified unit isolation come, avoid electrode to switch on with seal housing 1 when discharging, influence the switch normal use, still open corresponding hole groove on insulating layer 2 to other functional unit's of adaptation connection assembly is fixed. After the insulating layer 2 is loaded, the remaining cavity space in the sealed shell 1 forms a vacuum chamber 10, in order to vacuumize the vacuum chamber 10, a vacuum-pumping tube 9 is further arranged on the wall insulating layer 202 and the sealed shell 1 in a penetrating manner, the vacuum-pumping tube 9 is further provided with an air valve, and after air pumping is finished, the vacuum chamber 10 can be sealed through the air valve, so that the interior of the vacuum chamber is kept in a vacuum state.
The surface flashover material substrate 3 is arranged on the top of the bottom insulating layer 202, a first main electrode unit 4 and a second main electrode unit 5 are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the substrate, and a trigger electrode unit 6 is arranged in the middle of the substrate. The first main electrode unit 4 includes a first main electrode 401, a first insulating wall bushing 402 and a first main electrode lead-out wire 403, wherein the first main electrode 401 is embedded on the top of the surface flashover material substrate 3, and is electrically connected to the first main electrode lead-out wire 403, the first main electrode lead-out wire 403 is led out to be connected to the main circuit unit 11, the first insulating wall bushing 402 is penetratingly disposed on the top of the sealed enclosure 1, and the first main electrode lead-out wire 403 and the sealed enclosure 1 are respectively kept in sealing fit while the first main electrode lead-out wire 403 is passed through, so as to prevent external air from entering the vacuum chamber 10 and maintain the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 10. The second main electrode unit 5 has the same structure as the first main electrode unit 4, and includes a second main electrode 501, a second insulating wall bushing 502, and a second main electrode lead wire 503. The trigger electrode unit 6 comprises a trigger electrode 601, a third insulating wall bushing 602 and a trigger electrode lead-out wire 603, wherein the trigger electrode 601 is of a sheet-like structure, the bottom of the trigger electrode 601 is embedded in a corresponding fixing groove at the top of the bottom insulating layer 202, the top of the trigger electrode penetrates through the surface flashover material substrate 3, the bottom of the trigger electrode 601 is electrically connected with the trigger electrode lead-out wire 603, the trigger electrode lead-out wire 603 is led out to be connected with the trigger circuit unit 12, and the third insulating wall bushing 602 penetrates through the side wall of the sealed shell 1 and can lead out the wire 603 through the trigger electrode.
As shown in fig. 1, a connecting line of the first main electrode 401 and the second main electrode 501 is perpendicular to the trigger electrode 601 and intersects with a center point of the trigger electrode 601, a perpendicular distance d1 between the first main electrode 401 and the trigger electrode 601 is a first gap 7 between the two on the top of the planar flashover material substrate 3, and a perpendicular distance d2 between the second main electrode 501 and the trigger electrode 601 is a second gap 8 between the two on the top of the planar flashover material substrate 3.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to provide the operating voltages on the first main electrode 401 and the second main electrode 501, a main circuit unit 11 is connected to the first main electrode unit 4 and the second main electrode unit 5, and includes a dc high voltage generator Us1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2. The first output end of the direct current high-voltage generator Us1 is sequentially connected with a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 in series and then grounded to form a filter circuit, the serial end of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 is used as a voltage output end to be connected with a first main electrode leading-out wire 403, and direct current voltage V is output0Loaded on the first main electrode 401. A second output end of the direct current high-voltage generator Us1 is sequentially connected in series with a resistor R2, a capacitor C2 and a resistor R3 and then grounded, a serial end of the resistor R2 and the capacitor C2 is used as a voltage output end and is connected with a second main electrode lead-out wire 503 to output direct current voltage-V0Applied to the second main electrode 501, the DC voltage V0Less than the breakdown voltage of the first 7 and second 8 gaps.
In order to make the electric field distortion between the first main electrode 401 and the second main electrode 501 cause flashover, the trigger electrode unit 6 is connected with the trigger circuit unit 12, and outputs a trigger pulse under the control of the trigger circuit unit 12, thereby closing the switch. The trigger circuit unit 12 includes a comparing module 121, a photoelectric conversion module 122, a signal amplifying module 123, and a trigger pulse sharpening module 124.
The comparison module 121 comprises an input power supply VCC, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a capacitor C1, a triode Q1, a chip U1, a switch SW1 and a chip U1, wherein the power supply VCC is respectively connected with the resistor R5, the resistor R7 and the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the resistor R6 in series and then grounded, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with the input end pin 2 of the chip U1 in series, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the switch SW1 in series and then grounded, and the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the input end pin 3 of the chip U1 in series; chip U1 output end pin 7 is connected with the resistance R8 other end, electric capacity C4 one end and triode Q1 base respectively, hold C4 other end ground connection, triode Q1 collecting electrode is connected with the power VCC, and projecting pole series resistance R9 is connected with photoelectric conversion module 122. After the switch SW1 is closed, the chip U1 compares the voltages of the input terminal pin 2 and the input terminal pin 3 to output a trigger initial signal, so that the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the trigger initial signal is transmitted to the photoelectric conversion module 122. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chip U1 is LM311, the switch SW1 may be connected in series with the resistor R7 by using a switching circuit, and the control end thereof may be connected to the control unit of the device in which the small vacuum closing switch of the present invention is located, thereby implementing intelligent control of the small vacuum closing switch of the present invention.
The photoelectric conversion module comprises a chip U2 and a chip U3, the output end of the chip U2 is connected with the input end of the chip U3 through an optical fiber, an initial trigger signal is converted into an optical signal from the chip U2 and is input to the input end of the chip U3, and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal from the chip U3 and is transmitted to the signal amplification module 123 through resistors R10 and R11 which are sequentially connected in series. Through the photoelectric conversion module, optical coupling isolation between the comparison module 121 and the signal amplification module 123 is achieved, and normal work of the comparison module 121 is prevented from being interfered when the signal amplification module 123 emits a large signal. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chip U2 is HFBR1414TZ, and the chip U3 is HFBR2412 TZ.
The amplifying module 123 includes a chip U4, a thyristor D1, a transformer T1, a resistor R14, and a capacitor C6. The input end of the chip U4 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, and amplifies an initial trigger signal, so that the thyristor D1 is conducted, and the initial trigger signal is filtered by a filter circuit composed of the resistor R14 and a capacitor C6 and then is boosted by a transformer T1 to be transmitted to the trigger pulse sharpening module 124. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chip U4 is selected to have a model number of OP 07.
As shown in fig. 6, the trigger pulse sharpening module 124 includes a three-electrode gas switch QF1, a transformer T2, a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a capacitor C7, and a capacitor C8. The initial trigger signal is converted into a low-voltage electric pulse signal by the amplifying module 123 and is input to the input end of the three-electrode gas switch QF1, two output ends of the three-electrode gas switch QF1 are respectively connected in series with the resistor R15 and the capacitor C7 and then are connected with the input end of the transformer T2, and the output end of the transformer T2 is sequentially connected in series with the resistor R16 and the capacitor C8. The low-voltage electric pulse signal is boosted by a transformer T2 and then outputs a high-voltage pulse, the high-voltage pulse is input to the trigger electrode 601 through a trigger electrode lead-out wire 603, the voltage on the trigger edge surface is rapidly increased, the trigger edge surface is instantaneously broken down and forms a discharge channel, the charges accumulated on the capacitor C3 are rapidly released through the discharge channel on the edge surface of the edge surface flashover material substrate 3, a discharge current with high amplitude and high rising gradient flows on the edge surface, and therefore a large amount of initial plasma is generated and diffused between the first gap 7 and the second gap 8, the second main electrode 501 is conducted with the first main electrode 401, and the switch is controlled to be closed.
As shown in FIG. 7, the operation principle of the miniature vacuum interrupter of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7, wherein the breakdown voltage of the first gap 7 is VB1The second gap 8 has a breakdown voltage of VB2When a negative pulse trigger voltage is applied to the trigger electrode 601, the overvoltage multiple of the first gap 7 is:
Figure BDA0003563292800000101
thus, the first gap 7 breaks down first, while the overvoltage multiple of the second gap 8 is:
Figure BDA0003563292800000102
the second gap 8 does not break down.
Since the voltage on the trigger electrode 601 is in the form of a pulse, when the first gap 7 breaks down, the potential on the trigger electrode 601 will be pulled to + V by the voltage on the first main electrode 4010At this time, the overvoltage multiple of the second gap 8 becomes:
Figure BDA0003563292800000103
so that the second gap 8 breaks down very quickly. At this point, the full gap is on and the switch is closed.
When a positive trigger voltage pulse is applied, the second gap 8 breaks down first, and then the first gap 7 breaks down, similar to the process of applying a negative trigger voltage pulse.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method for manufacturing a small vacuum switch based on the principle of surface flashover, including the steps of:
s1: drawing software is used for drawing the three-dimensional model of the switch and generating the engineering drawing. The specific dimensions of the switch are identified.
S2: the creeping material substrate 3 is purchased and processed, the contours of the first main electrode 401 and the second main electrode 502 are etched on the surface of the substrate, and the creeping material at the trigger electrode 601 is in a penetrating state. The custom copper electrode comprises a cylindrical first main electrode 401 and a second main electrode 502, a laminar trigger electrode 601. The customized switch main body comprises a sealed shell 1, an insulating material 2, an evacuation tube 9, an insulating wall bushing, a screw fastener and the like.
S3: assembling, namely opening the top cover of the sealed shell 1, and putting the trigger electrode 601 into a groove of the bottom insulating material 2 in a fit manner; putting a surface flashover material substrate 3; a first main electrode 401 and a second main electrode 502 are interposed and connected to lead-out wires, respectively. It is required that the pores between the creeping material substrate 3 and the metal electrode do not exceed 100 μm. And finally, assembling the insulation wall bushing of the thick insulation layer wire, penetrating out the wire, screwing down each part, and ensuring the air tightness.
And S4, vacuumizing, namely, after the vacuum chamber 10 is vacuumized by using a vacuum pump and related switching devices, sealing the vacuum chamber 10 through an air valve to keep the interior of the vacuum chamber in a vacuum state.
S5: and manufacturing a switch auxiliary circuit, connecting the switch auxiliary circuit with a lead-out wire of the switch main body, and controlling the switch to be switched on and off.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the sealed housing 1 of the switch main body is 102mm, the height is 70mm, and the volume of the sealed housing is much smaller than that of a planar flashover switch with a vertical structure, so that the planar flashover switch is miniaturized, and is suitable for pulse power equipment. The thickness of the surface flashover material substrate 3 is 12mm, a 96% aluminum oxide ceramic material which meets the technical requirements of GB/T14619-; the trigger electrode 601, the first main electrode 401 and the second main electrode 502 are horizontally arranged on the top of the surface flashover material substrate 3, when flashover occurs in the horizontal direction, metal vapor volatilizes upwards, metal vapor generated in the arcing process is reduced to be attached to the surface of the surface flashover material substrate 3, and the service life of the switch is prolonged.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a small-size vacuum closed switch based on along face flashover principle, includes switch main part and switch auxiliary circuit, its characterized in that:
the switch main body comprises a sealed shell (1), a vacuum chamber (10) arranged in the sealed shell (1), an insulating layer (2) arranged on the inner side wall surface of the sealed shell (1), a surface flashover material substrate (3) horizontally arranged on the insulating layer (2), a first main electrode unit (4) and a second main electrode unit (5) respectively arranged at two ends of the top of the surface flashover material substrate (3), and a trigger electrode unit (6) arranged at the center of the top of the surface flashover material substrate (3);
the switch auxiliary circuit comprises a main circuit unit (11) and a trigger loop unit (12), wherein the output end of the main circuit unit (11) is electrically connected with a first main electrode unit (4) and a second main electrode unit (5) respectively and provides working voltage for the first main electrode unit and the second main electrode unit, the trigger loop unit (12) comprises a comparison module (121), a photoelectric conversion module (122), a signal amplification module (123) and a trigger pulse sharpening module (124), the comparison module (121) outputs a trigger signal after comparing the voltage of an input end, the trigger signal is transmitted to the signal amplification module (123) to be boosted and amplified and then outputs a low-voltage pulse signal after optical coupling isolation is carried out by the photoelectric conversion module (122), the low-voltage pulse signal is further boosted by the trigger pulse sharpening module (124) and then outputs a high-voltage pulse which is input to the trigger electrode unit (6), so that electric field distortion between the first main electrode unit (4) and the second main electrode unit (5) causes flashover, thereby closing the switch.
2. A miniature vacuum interrupter based on the principle of flashover along a surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein said trigger electrode unit (6) comprises a trigger electrode (601), a third insulating wall bushing (602) and a trigger electrode lead-out wire (603); the trigger electrode (601) is of a sheet-like structure, the bottom of the trigger electrode is embedded in a corresponding fixing groove on the insulating layer (2), and the top of the trigger electrode penetrates through the surface flashover material substrate (3); the trigger electrode lead-out lead (603) is electrically connected with the trigger electrode (601); the third insulation wall bushing (602) penetrates through the side wall of the sealed shell (1), and a lead (603) can be led out through the trigger electrode.
3. A miniature vacuum switch according to claim 2, characterized in that said first main electrode unit (4) comprises a first main electrode (401), a first insulating wall bushing (402) and a first main electrode lead-out wire (403), said first main electrode (401) is embedded on top of the substrate (3) of surface flashover material, and is electrically connected to the first main electrode lead-out wire (403); the first insulating wall bushing (402) penetrates through the top of the sealed shell (1), and is respectively kept in sealing fit with the first main electrode lead-out lead (403) and the sealed shell (1) while the first main electrode lead-out lead (403) is led out;
the second main electrode unit (5) has the same structure as the first main electrode unit (4), and comprises a second main electrode (501), a second insulating wall bushing (502) and a second main electrode lead-out wire (503).
4. A miniature vacuum switch according to claim 3 based on the principle of flashover along a surface, wherein a connecting line of the first main electrode (401) and the second main electrode (501) is perpendicular to the trigger electrode (601) and intersects with a central point of the trigger electrode (601), a first gap (7) is arranged between the first main electrode (401) and the trigger electrode (601), and a second gap (8) is arranged between the second main electrode (501) and the trigger electrode (601).
5. A miniature vacuum switch according to any of claims 1-4 based on the principle of flashover along a surface, characterized in that said main circuit unit (11) comprises a DC high voltage generator Us1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a capacitor C1 and a capacitor C2;
a first output end of the direct-current high-voltage generator Us1 is sequentially connected in series with a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1 and then grounded to form a filter circuit, a series end of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 is used as a voltage output end and is connected with a first main electrode leading-out lead (403), and output direct-current voltage is loaded on a first main electrode (401);
the second output end of the direct current high voltage generator Us1 is connected in series with a resistor R2, a capacitor C2 and a resistor R3 in sequence and then grounded, the serial end of the resistor R2 and the capacitor C2 is used as a voltage output end and connected with a second main electrode lead-out wire (503), and output direct current voltage is loaded on the second main electrode (501).
6. A miniature vacuum closed switch based on the surface flashover principle as set forth in any of claims 1-4, characterized in that said comparing module (121) comprises input power VCC, resistor R5, resistor R6, resistor R7, resistor R8, capacitor C1, triode Q1, chip U1, switch SW1 and chip U1;
the power supply VCC is respectively connected with a resistor R5, a resistor R7 and a resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with a resistor R6 in series and then is grounded, the serial ends of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 are connected with a pin 2 at the input end of a U1 chip, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with a switch SW1 in series and then is grounded, and the serial ends of the resistor R7 and the switch SW1 are connected with a pin 3 at the input end of the U1 chip; chip U1 output end pin 7 is connected with the resistance R8 other end, electric capacity C4 one end and triode Q1 base respectively, hold C4 other end ground connection, triode Q1 collecting electrode is connected with the power VCC, and projecting pole series resistance R9 is connected with photoelectric conversion module (122) input.
7. The miniature vacuum switch according to claim 6, wherein said photoelectric conversion module (122) comprises a chip U2 and a chip U3, said chip U2 input end is connected to another end of said resistor R9, and its output end is connected to chip U3 input end through optical fiber, said chip U3 output end sequentially connects resistors R10, R11 at series end to transmit initial trigger signal to said signal amplification module (123).
8. The miniature vacuum switch according to claim 7, wherein said amplifying module (123) comprises a chip U4, a thyristor D1, a transformer T1, a resistor R14 and a capacitor C6; the input end of the chip U4 is connected with one end of a resistor R11, an initial trigger signal is amplified to enable a thyristor D1 to be conducted, and the initial trigger signal is filtered through a filter circuit formed by the resistor R14 and a capacitor C6 and then is boosted by a transformer T1 to be transmitted to a trigger pulse sharpening module (124).
9. The miniature vacuum switch according to claim 8, wherein said trigger pulse steepening module (124) comprises a three-electrode gas switch QF1, a transformer T2, a resistor R15, a resistor R16, a capacitor C7 and a capacitor C8; the initial trigger signal is converted into a low-voltage electric pulse signal by the amplifying module 123 and then input to the input end of the three-electrode gas switch QF1, two output ends of the three-electrode gas switch QF1 are respectively connected with the resistor R15 and the capacitor C7 in series and then connected with the input end of the transformer T2, and the output end of the transformer T2 is sequentially connected with the resistor R16 and the capacitor C8 in series and connected with the electrode lead-out wire (603).
10. A method for manufacturing a small vacuum closed switch based on a surface flashover principle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: drawing a three-dimensional model of the switch by using drawing software, generating an engineering drawing, and clearly marking the specific size of the switch;
s2: the method comprises the following steps of purchasing and processing a surface flashover material substrate (3), etching the outlines of a first main electrode (401) and a second main electrode (502) on the surface of the substrate, wherein the surface flashover material at the position of a trigger electrode (601) is in a penetrating state; a customized copper electrode, comprising a cylindrical first main electrode (401) and a second main electrode (502), a sheet-shaped trigger electrode (601); the customized switch main body comprises a sealed shell (1), an insulating material (2), a vacuumizing pipe (9), an insulating wall bushing and a screw fastener;
s3: assembling, namely opening a top cover of the sealed shell (1), and putting the trigger electrode (601) into a groove of the bottom insulating material (2) in a matching manner; putting a surface flashover material substrate (3); a first main electrode (401) and a second main electrode (502) are put in and respectively connected with a lead-out wire; the pore space between the surface flashover material substrate (3) and the metal electrode is required to be not more than 100 microns; finally, assembling an insulation wall bushing of the thick insulation layer lead, penetrating out the lead, and screwing down each part to ensure air tightness;
s4, vacuumizing, namely, after the vacuum chamber (10) is vacuumized by using a vacuum pump and related switching devices, sealing the vacuum chamber (10) through an air valve to keep the interior of the vacuum chamber in a vacuum state;
s5: and manufacturing a switch auxiliary circuit, connecting the switch auxiliary circuit with a lead-out wire of the switch main body, and controlling the switch to be switched on and off.
CN202210302096.1A 2022-03-24 2022-03-24 Small vacuum closed switch based on surface flashover principle and manufacturing method Active CN114709105B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1801824A1 (en) * 2005-12-23 2007-06-27 ABB Research Ltd A film, an electrode configuration, a bushing and a method of using an electrode configuration or a bushing
CN111681905A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-09-18 大连理工大学 Surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure
CN216082992U (en) * 2021-08-16 2022-03-18 国网新疆电力有限公司乌鲁木齐供电公司 Surface flashover discharge insulator sample

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1801824A1 (en) * 2005-12-23 2007-06-27 ABB Research Ltd A film, an electrode configuration, a bushing and a method of using an electrode configuration or a bushing
CN111681905A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-09-18 大连理工大学 Surface flashover vacuum trigger switch of 'gear-shaped' trigger electrode structure
CN216082992U (en) * 2021-08-16 2022-03-18 国网新疆电力有限公司乌鲁木齐供电公司 Surface flashover discharge insulator sample

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