CN112736884A - Surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap - Google Patents
Surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap Download PDFInfo
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- CN112736884A CN112736884A CN202011522913.1A CN202011522913A CN112736884A CN 112736884 A CN112736884 A CN 112736884A CN 202011522913 A CN202011522913 A CN 202011522913A CN 112736884 A CN112736884 A CN 112736884A
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- gap
- surge protector
- overvoltage protection
- active field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection avoiding undesired transient conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, which comprises a front-stage part and a rear-stage part connected with the front-stage part, wherein an anode is movably arranged in a cavity, a cathode is movably arranged in the cavity and is arranged opposite to the anode, an adjustable discharge gap is formed between the anode and the cathode, one end of a trigger electrode is vertical to the discharge gap and is collinear with the central position of the discharge gap to form a trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with a secondary side of a pulse transformer; the primary side, the gas discharge tube, the piezoresistor and the capacitor form an active trigger circuit, when lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltage at two ends of the piezoresistor rises to the action voltage of the piezoresistor and clamps the voltage, the voltage at two ends of the capacitor quickly rises to the action of the gas discharge tube, the gas discharge tube is broken down and conducted, and the secondary side is coupled to output voltage to enable the trigger electrode at the front side to generate carrier diffusion, so that a discharge gap is broken down actively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power and electronic lightning protection, and particularly relates to a surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap.
Background
When overvoltage acting on equipment exceeds withstand voltage, the equipment is destroyed, and in order to ensure stable operation of a power system, places such as a transformer substation and a converter station are provided with a large amount of lightning protection equipment designed for secondary equipment besides lightning protection designed for primary equipment, wherein a Surge Protector (SPD) is an important overvoltage protection device, and the total can be divided into 3 types: voltage switch type SPDs, voltage limiting type SPDs, and composite type SPDs. Because the surge protector is generally divided into front and rear stages of protection, the difference of surge energy discharge and response time exists between the front stage and the rear stage in the matching aspect, the matching between the front stage and the rear stage is very important for system protection, and the surge protector with large flow rate, strong applicability and high response speed needs to be designed aiming at the matching of the front stage and the rear stage.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap.
The object of the invention is achieved by a surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, comprising a preceding section and a succeeding section connecting the preceding section,
a pre-stage section, comprising,
the cavity body is provided with a cavity body,
an anode movably disposed in the chamber,
a cathode movably disposed in the cavity and disposed opposite the anode, the anode and cathode forming an adjustable discharge gap therebetween,
the trigger electrode is movably arranged in the cavity, one end of the trigger electrode is perpendicular to the discharge gap and is collinear with the center position of the discharge gap to form a trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with a secondary side of the pulse transformer;
the rear-stage part comprises a rear-stage part,
a pulse transformer, which comprises a primary side and a secondary side,
a gas discharge tube connected to the primary side,
a varistor connected to the gas discharge tube,
and the secondary side is coupled with the output voltage to enable a front-stage part trigger electrode to generate carrier diffusion and actively break down the discharge gap.
In the surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the anode is movably disposed in the cavity via a first movable conductive rod, the cathode is movably disposed in the cavity via a second movable conductive rod, and the trigger electrode is movably disposed in the cavity via a third movable conductive rod.
In the surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the anode is elastically connected with the first movable conducting rod through a first pushing spring, and the cathode is elastically connected with the second movable conducting rod through a second pushing spring.
In the surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the anode and the cathode are both of a bat-shaped structure, and the trigger electrode is of a needle stick-shaped structure.
In the surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the initial position of the discharge gap is 20 mm.
In the surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the trigger electrode is positioned above the center position of the discharge gap and on a perpendicular line perpendicular to the discharge gap with the center position.
In the surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the threshold voltage of the gas discharge tube is 1000V, and the capacitance value of the piezoresistor is 100 pF.
In the surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the pulse transformer is provided with a magnetic core, and the number of turns of the primary coil and the secondary coil is configured to induce high-voltage pulse of kV level.
In the surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the gas discharge tube comprises a ceramic discharge tube and a glass discharge tube.
In the surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the response speed of the surge protector is in the mu s level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the surge protector overcomes the defects of long response time, misoperation and the like of the traditional surge protector, is convenient to realize the miniaturization of a module to a great extent, and simultaneously adopts the design that the active field breaks through the overvoltage protection gap, thereby well improving the problem that the two functions of the front-stage current drainage and the rear-stage clamping are effectively matched. On one hand, the invention adopts a cavity structure to design the overvoltage protection clearance at the front stage and the active trigger circuit at the rear stage, has simple circuit, small device volume and easy adjustment and installation, and on the other hand, the response speed of the rear stage is high, and the device can effectively clamp the lightning surge voltage, so the device is suitable for being installed and used in electric power systems containing various secondary devices, such as a converter station, a transformer substation and the like.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. Also, like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the pre-stage portion of the surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic of the surge protector of the present invention with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap;
fig. 3 is a graph of the actual voltage waveforms measured at the primary side of the varistor, capacitor, pulse transformer for a surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of the present invention at a 5kV lightning surge voltage.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 3. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made by taking specific embodiments as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, a surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, which includes a preceding stage portion and a succeeding stage portion connecting the preceding stage portion,
a pre-stage section, comprising,
the cavity body 1 is provided with a cavity body,
an anode 2 movably disposed in the chamber 1,
a cathode 3 movably disposed in the chamber 1 and arranged opposite the anode 2, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 forming an adjustable discharge gap 4 therebetween,
the trigger electrode 5 is movably arranged in the cavity 1, one end of the trigger electrode 5 is perpendicular to the discharge gap 4 and is collinear with the central position of the discharge gap 4 to form a trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with a secondary side of a pulse transformer 6;
the rear-stage part comprises a rear-stage part,
a pulse transformer 6, which comprises a primary side and a secondary side,
a gas discharge tube 7 connected to the primary side,
a varistor 8 connected to the gas discharge tube 7,
and the capacitor 9 is connected with the piezoresistor 8 and the primary side, the gas discharge tube 7, the piezoresistor 8 and the capacitor 9 form an active trigger circuit, when the lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltage at two ends of the piezoresistor 8 rises to the action voltage thereof and clamps the voltage, the voltage at two ends of the capacitor 9 quickly rises to the action of the gas discharge tube 7, the gas discharge tube 7 is broken down and conducted, and the secondary side couples and outputs the voltage to enable the front-stage part trigger electrode 5 to generate carrier diffusion so as to break down the discharge gap 4 actively.
The surge protector with the active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap has the advantages that the matching mode of the front stage and the rear stage of the surge protector and the circuit arrangement do not have wrong actions, a decoupling network is not required to be added, the surge protector can be applied to occasions with higher requirements on overvoltage protection, such as an information system, the requirements for the conditions of small space and insufficient decoupling distance of secondary equipment are met, meanwhile, the response speed is high, and the rapid current relief and the clamping pressure are carried out on complex lightning surges.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the anode 2 is movably disposed in the cavity 1 via a first movable conductive rod 10, the cathode 3 is movably disposed in the cavity 1 via a second movable conductive rod 11, and the trigger electrode 5 is movably disposed in the cavity 1 via a third movable conductive rod 12. Optionally, the chamber 1 is constituted by an insulating housing.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the anode 2 is elastically connected to the first movable conductive rod 10 via a first urging spring 13, and the cathode 3 is elastically connected to the second movable conductive rod 11 via a second urging spring 14.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are both in a ball-rod structure, and the trigger electrode 5 is in a needle-rod structure.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the initial position of the discharge gap 4 is 20 mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the trigger electrode 5 is located above the center of the discharge gap 4 and on a perpendicular line perpendicular to the discharge gap 4 from the center.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the threshold voltage of the gas discharge tube 7 is 1000V, and the capacitance of the voltage dependent resistor 8 is 100 pF.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the pulse transformer 6 has a magnetic core, and the primary and secondary windings have turns configured to induce high voltage pulses in kV level.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap described, the gas discharge tube 7 comprises a ceramic discharge tube and a glass discharge tube.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, the response speed of the surge protector is in the order of μ s.
In order to further understand the invention, in one embodiment, a surge protector comprising an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap comprises a front stage part and a rear stage part, wherein the front stage part is an overvoltage protection gap, the overvoltage protection gap comprises an anode 2, a cathode 3 and a trigger electrode 5, the electrode is made of brass, the electrode is connected to a movable conducting rod through a pushing spring, the gap distance between the anode 2 and the cathode 3 is adjustable to meet lightning surges under different voltage protection levels, and the trigger electrode 5 is located in the middle of a discharge gap 4 and is connected with a secondary side of a pulse transformer 6 through the movable conducting rod. The rear-stage active trigger circuit comprises a pulse transformer 6, a gas discharge tube 7, a voltage dependent resistor 8 and a capacitor 9, when lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltage at two ends of the voltage dependent resistor 8 rises to the action voltage of the voltage dependent resistor firstly, the voltage is clamped, then the voltage at two ends of the capacitor 9 rises rapidly to the action of the gas discharge tube 7, the gas discharge tube 7 is broken down and conducted, the primary voltage of the pulse transformer 6 rises steeply, and the secondary side couples and outputs high voltage to enable the front-stage part trigger electrode 5 to generate carrier diffusion, so that electric field distortion of a gap is broken down actively.
The anode 2, the cathode 3 and the trigger electrode 5 are all in a cavity 1 structure, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are in small spherical structures, the trigger electrode 5 is in a rod-shaped needle point structure, the default initial distance between the anode 2 and the cathode 3 is 20mm, and the trigger electrode 5 is located slightly above the middle of the gap.
The pulse transformer 6 is of a small magnetic core structure, and can meet the requirements that the voltage of a secondary induction point is in a kV level, the threshold voltage of the voltage dependent resistor 8 is i000V, and the capacitance value of the high-voltage capacitor 9 connected in series is 200pF, so that a circuit structure of an active trigger loop is formed together.
In one embodiment, the gas discharge tube 7 operates when the voltage across the capacitor 9 rises to about 2.4kV, and after the conduction, the pulse is boosted to the secondary side by the primary side of the pulse transformer 6 to output a high voltage pulse to trigger the pre-stage overvoltage gap.
In one embodiment, the surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap comprises a front stage overvoltage protection gap and a rear stage active trigger circuit. The overvoltage protection gap comprises an anode 2, a cathode 3 and a trigger electrode 5, the electrodes are all arranged on a movable conducting rod, the materials are brass, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are in a ball-rod structure, the trigger electrode 5 is in a pin-rod structure, the initial gap distance is 20mm, the trigger electrode 5 is positioned at a position slightly above the center of the gap, the overvoltage trigger gap is integrally positioned in a cavity 1 structure, a rear-stage active trigger circuit comprises a pulse transformer 6, a gas discharge tube 7, a piezoresistor 8 and a high-voltage capacitor 9, when a typical 1.2/50 mu s lightning impulse voltage acts on a surge protector, the voltage at two ends of the piezoresistor 8 continuously rises, the action voltage is slightly higher than a threshold value voltage, the voltage is clamped after the action voltage is reached, then the voltage at two ends of the piezoresistor 8 basically keeps unchanged, the voltage at two ends of the capacitor 9 starts to rapidly rise along with the lightning voltage, after the gas discharge, the secondary side of the pulse transformer 6 induces high voltage to enable the trigger electrode 5 to generate current carriers, so that the overvoltage protection gap is actively enabled to break down the discharged lightning energy in advance.
The surge protector utilizes the active field to break down the overvoltage protection gap, well solves the defects of long response time, misoperation and the like of the traditional surge protector, is convenient to realize the miniaturization of a module to a great extent, and simultaneously adopts the design of breaking down the overvoltage protection gap by the active field, thereby well improving the problem of effective matching of two functions of front-stage current leakage and back-stage voltage clamping. On one hand, the invention adopts the structure of the cavity 1 to design the overvoltage protection clearance at the front stage and the active trigger circuit at the rear stage, has simple circuit, small device volume and easy adjustment and installation, and on the other hand, the response speed of the rear stage is high, and the invention can effectively clamp the lightning surge voltage, therefore, the invention is suitable for installation and use in electric power systems containing various secondary devices, such as a converter station, a transformer substation and the like.
As shown in fig. 3, when a lightning surge voltage of 5kV passes through the surge protector of the present invention, the voltage waveforms measured at the primary side of the voltage dependent resistor 8, the capacitor 9, and the pulse transformer 6 are actual; it can be seen from the figure that the voltage at the two ends of the capacitor 9 rises rapidly after the voltage dependent resistor 8 reaches the action voltage, the primary voltage of the pulse transformer 6 generates high voltage pulse to trigger the active gap after the gas discharge tube 7 acts, the voltage dependent resistor 8 has obvious clamping effect on the rear-stage circuit, the response speed of the surge protector is in the level of mus, and the performance is good. The lightning surge voltage clamping device can quickly respond to the lightning surge of the kV level within the time scale of the single digit microsecond, and effectively clamp the voltage.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and application fields, and the above-described embodiments are illustrative, instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap, comprising a pre-stage portion and a post-stage portion connecting the pre-stage portion,
a pre-stage section, comprising,
the cavity body is provided with a cavity body,
an anode movably disposed in the chamber,
a cathode movably disposed in the cavity and disposed opposite the anode, the anode and cathode forming an adjustable discharge gap therebetween,
the trigger electrode is movably arranged in the cavity, one end of the trigger electrode is perpendicular to the discharge gap and is collinear with the center position of the discharge gap to form a trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with a secondary side of the pulse transformer;
the rear-stage part comprises a rear-stage part,
a pulse transformer, which comprises a primary side and a secondary side,
a gas discharge tube connected to the primary side,
a varistor connected to the gas discharge tube,
and the secondary side is coupled with the output voltage to enable a front-stage part trigger electrode to generate carrier diffusion and actively break down the discharge gap.
2. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein preferably said anode is movably disposed in said cavity via a first movable conductive rod, said cathode is movably disposed in said cavity via a second movable conductive rod, and said trigger electrode is movably disposed in said cavity via a third movable conductive rod.
3. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 2, wherein said anode is resiliently coupled to said first movable conductive rod via a first urging spring and said cathode is resiliently coupled to said second movable conductive rod via a second urging spring.
4. The surge protector with an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein said anode and said cathode are each a bat-like structure and the trigger electrode is a needle-like structure.
5. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein an initial position of the discharge gap is 20 mm.
6. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein a trigger electrode is located above a center position of the discharge gap and on a perpendicular to the discharge gap from the center position.
7. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein the gas discharge tube has a threshold voltage of 1000V and a varistor capacitance of 100 pF.
8. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein said pulse transformer has a magnetic core and the primary and secondary windings have turns configured to induce high voltage pulses in the kV range.
9. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein the gas discharge tube comprises a ceramic discharge tube and a glass discharge tube.
10. The surge protector having an active field breakdown overvoltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein a response speed of the surge protector is on the order of μ s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011522913.1A CN112736884B (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Surge protector with active field impact across voltage protection gap |
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| CN202011522913.1A CN112736884B (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Surge protector with active field impact across voltage protection gap |
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| CN112736884B CN112736884B (en) | 2023-05-26 |
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| CN112736884B (en) | 2023-05-26 |
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