CN112736884B - Surge protector with active field impact across voltage protection gap - Google Patents
Surge protector with active field impact across voltage protection gap Download PDFInfo
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- CN112736884B CN112736884B CN202011522913.1A CN202011522913A CN112736884B CN 112736884 B CN112736884 B CN 112736884B CN 202011522913 A CN202011522913 A CN 202011522913A CN 112736884 B CN112736884 B CN 112736884B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/005—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection avoiding undesired transient conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surge protector with an active field striking passing through a voltage protection gap, which comprises a front stage part and a rear stage part connected with the front stage part, wherein an anode is movably arranged in a cavity, a cathode is movably arranged in the cavity and is opposite to the anode, an adjustable discharge gap is formed between the anode and the cathode, one end of a trigger electrode is perpendicular to the discharge gap and is collinear with the central position of the discharge gap to form the trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with the secondary side of a pulse transformer; when the lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltages at two ends of the piezoresistor rise to the action voltage and clamp the voltage, and the voltages at two ends of the capacitor rise rapidly to the action of the gas discharge tube, the gas discharge tube breaks down and conducts, and the secondary side couples the output voltage to enable the front stage part trigger electrode to generate carrier diffusion and actively break down the discharge gap.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power and electronic lightning protection, and particularly relates to a surge protector with an active field striking passing through a voltage protection gap.
Background
When overvoltage applied to equipment exceeds withstand voltage, the equipment is destroyed, in order to ensure stable operation of a power system, places such as a transformer substation, a convertor station and the like are provided with a large number of lightning protection equipment designed for secondary equipment besides lightning protection designed for primary equipment, wherein Surge Protectors (SPDs) are very important overvoltage protection devices, and the surge protectors can be generally classified into 3 types: voltage switching type SPD, voltage limiting type SPD, and compound type SPD. Because the surge protector is generally divided into front and rear stages for protection, the front stage has the difference of surge energy release and response time in the aspect of matching with the rear stage, the matching between the stages is critical to the system protection, and the surge protector with large flux, strong applicability and high response speed is required to be designed aiming at the front and rear stage matching.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in the country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a surge protector with an active field striking passing through a voltage protection gap.
The object of the invention is achieved by a surge protector with an active field across a voltage protection gap, comprising a pre-stage part and a post-stage part connecting the pre-stage part,
a pre-stage section, which includes,
the cavity body is provided with a plurality of grooves,
an anode movably disposed in the cavity,
a cathode movably disposed in the cavity and disposed opposite the anode, an adjustable discharge gap being formed between the anode and the cathode,
the trigger electrode is movably arranged in the cavity, one end of the trigger electrode is perpendicular to the discharge gap and is collinear with the central position of the discharge gap to form a trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with the secondary side of the pulse transformer;
the latter stage part comprises a part of the device,
a pulse transformer comprising a primary side and a secondary side,
a gas discharge tube connected to the primary side,
a varistor connected to the gas discharge tube,
the capacitor is connected with the piezoresistor and the primary side, the gas discharge tube, the piezoresistor and the capacitor form an active trigger circuit, when lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltages at two ends of the piezoresistor rise to the action voltage of the piezoresistor and clamp the voltage, the voltages at two ends of the capacitor rise rapidly to the gas discharge tube to act, the gas discharge tube breaks down and conducts, and the secondary side coupled output voltage enables a front part trigger electrode to generate carrier diffusion and actively break down the discharge gap.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the anode is movably arranged in the cavity through a first movable conducting rod, the cathode is movably arranged in the cavity through a second movable conducting rod, and the trigger electrode is movably arranged in the cavity through a third movable conducting rod.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the anode is elastically connected with the first movable conducting rod through a first pushing spring, and the cathode is elastically connected with the second movable conducting rod through a second pushing spring.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the anode and the cathode are both in a club-shaped structure, and the triggering electrode is in a needle bar-shaped structure.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the initial position of the discharge gap is 20mm.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the trigger electrode is positioned above the center position of the discharge gap and is positioned on a vertical line perpendicular to the discharge gap with the center position.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the threshold voltage of the gas discharge tube is 1000V, and the capacitance value of the piezoresistor is 100pF.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the pulse transformer is provided with a magnetic core, and the original secondary side coil turns are configured to enable the pulse transformer to sense high-voltage pulses of kV level.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the gas discharge tube comprises a ceramic discharge tube and a glass discharge tube.
In the surge protector with the active field striking passing through the voltage protection gap, the response speed of the surge protector is in the mu s level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention solves the defects of long response time, misoperation and the like of the traditional surge protector, is greatly convenient for realizing the miniaturization of the module, adopts the design that active field impact passes through a voltage protection gap, and well improves the problem of effective matching of the two functions of the front-stage leakage and the rear-stage clamping. The invention adopts the cavity structure to design the overvoltage protection gap of the front stage, the active trigger circuit of the rear stage, the circuit is simple, the device is small in size and easy to adjust and install, and on the other hand, the response speed of the rear stage is high, and the lightning surge voltage can be effectively clamped, so that the invention is suitable for installation and use in power systems containing various secondary equipment such as converter stations, transformer substations and the like.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is evident that the figures described below are only some embodiments of the invention, from which other figures can be obtained without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front stage portion of a surge protector with active field across a voltage protection gap of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a surge protector with active field across a voltage protection gap of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of the measured actual voltage waveform at the primary side of a varistor, capacitor, pulse transformer when a lightning surge voltage of 5kV is passed with the surge protector of the present invention with active field striking through the voltage protection gap.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 3. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. Those of skill in the art will understand that a person may refer to the same component by different names. The description and claims do not identify differences in terms of components, but rather differences in terms of the functionality of the components. As used throughout the specification and claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description hereinafter sets forth a preferred embodiment for practicing the invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as the description proceeds with reference to the general principles of the description. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, reference will now be made to the drawings, by way of example, and specific examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1-2, a surge protector with active field striking through a voltage protection gap, comprising a pre-stage section and a post-stage section connecting the pre-stage section,
a pre-stage section, which includes,
the volume of the cavity (1),
an anode 2, which is movably arranged in the cavity 1,
a cathode 3 movably arranged in said cavity 1 and arranged opposite said anode 2, an adjustable discharge gap 4 being formed between said anode 2 and cathode 3,
the trigger electrode 5 is movably arranged in the cavity 1, one end of the trigger electrode 5 is perpendicular to the discharge gap 4 and is collinear with the center position of the discharge gap 4 to form a trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with the secondary side of the pulse transformer 6;
the latter stage part comprises a part of the device,
a pulse transformer 6, comprising a primary side and a secondary side,
a gas discharge tube 7 connected to the primary side,
a varistor 8 connected to the gas discharge tube 7,
the capacitor 9 is connected with the piezoresistor 8 to facilitate the primary side, the gas discharge tube 7, the piezoresistor 8 and the capacitor 9 form an active trigger circuit, when lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltages at two ends of the piezoresistor 8 rise to the action voltage thereof and clamp the voltage, the voltages at two ends of the capacitor 9 rise to the gas discharge tube 7 rapidly to act, the gas discharge tube 7 breaks down and conducts, and the secondary side coupling output voltage enables the front part trigger electrode 5 to generate carrier diffusion to actively break down the discharge gap 4.
The cooperation mode of the front stage and the rear stage of the surge protector with the active field impact passing through the voltage protection gap and the circuit arrangement do not have misoperation, a decoupling network is not required to be added, and the surge protector can be applied to occasions with higher requirements on overvoltage protection, such as an informatization system, and can meet the conditions of small space and insufficient decoupling distance of secondary equipment, and meanwhile, the surge protector is required to be fast in response speed, and rapid in leakage and clamping of complex lightning surges.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the anode 2 is movably arranged in the cavity 1 via a first movable conductive rod 10, the cathode 3 is movably arranged in the cavity 1 via a second movable conductive rod 11, and the trigger electrode 5 is movably arranged in the cavity 1 via a third movable conductive rod 12. Optionally, the cavity 1 is constituted by an insulating housing.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the anode 2 is elastically connected to the first movable conductive rod 10 via a first urging spring 13, and the cathode 3 is elastically connected to the second movable conductive rod 11 via a second urging spring 14.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are both in a club-like structure, and the trigger electrode 5 is in a needle-like structure.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the initial position of the discharge gap 4 is 20mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the trigger electrode 5 is located above the center position of the discharge gap 4 and on a vertical line perpendicular to the discharge gap 4 from the center position.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the threshold voltage of the gas discharge tube 7 is 1000V and the capacitance of the varistor 8 is 100pF.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the pulse transformer 6 is provided with a magnetic core, and the primary and secondary coil turns are configured to induce high voltage pulses of kV level.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the gas discharge tube 7 comprises a ceramic discharge tube and a glass discharge tube.
In the preferred embodiment of the surge protector with active field striking through the voltage protection gap, the response speed of the surge protector is in the order of mu s.
In order to further understand the invention, in one embodiment, the surge protector comprising an active field striking passing through a voltage protection gap comprises a front stage part and a rear stage part, wherein the circuit main body of the front stage part is an overvoltage protection gap, the overvoltage protection gap comprises three parts of an anode 2, a cathode 3 and a trigger electrode 5, electrode materials are brass, the electrodes are connected to a movable conducting rod through a pushing spring, the gap distance between the anode 2 and the cathode 3 can be adjusted to meet lightning surges under different voltage protection levels, the trigger electrode 5 is positioned in the middle of a discharge gap 4, and is connected with the secondary side of a pulse transformer 6 through the movable conducting rod. The rear active trigger loop comprises a pulse transformer 6, a gas discharge tube 7, a piezoresistor 8 and a capacitor 9, when lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltages at two ends of the piezoresistor 8 rise to the action voltage of the piezoresistor, the voltage is clamped, then the voltages at two ends of the capacitor 9 rise to the gas discharge tube 7 rapidly to act, the gas discharge tube 7 breaks down and conducts, the primary voltage of the pulse transformer 6 rises suddenly, and the secondary coupling output high voltage enables the front part trigger electrode 5 to generate carrier diffusion, so that the electric field distortion of a gap breaks down actively.
The anode 2, the cathode 3 and the trigger electrode 5 are all in a cavity 1 structure, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are in a small spherical structure, the trigger electrode 5 is in a rod-shaped needle point structure, the default initial distance between the anode 2 and the cathode 3 is 20mm, and the trigger electrode 5 is positioned at a position slightly above the middle of a gap.
The pulse transformer 6 is of a small magnetic core structure, can meet the requirement that the secondary side induction point voltage is of a kV level, the threshold voltage of the piezoresistor 8 is i000V, the capacitance value of the high-voltage capacitor 9 connected in series is 200pF, and the circuit structure of the active trigger loop is formed together.
In one embodiment, the gas discharge tube 7 is operated at the voltage of the two ends of the capacitor 9 rising to about 2.4kV, and the pulse after being conducted is boosted to the secondary side by the pulse transformer 6 to output a high-voltage pulse to trigger the pre-stage overvoltage gap.
In one embodiment, the surge protector with active field across the voltage protection gap includes a front stage overvoltage protection gap and a rear stage active trigger loop. The overvoltage protection gap comprises an anode 2, a cathode 3 and a trigger electrode 5, wherein the electrodes are all arranged on a movable conducting rod, the materials are brass, the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are in a ball bat mounting structure, the trigger electrode 5 is in a needle bar mounting structure, the initial gap distance is 20mm, the trigger electrode 5 is positioned slightly above the center of the gap, the overvoltage trigger gap is integrally positioned in a cavity 1 structure, a rear-stage active trigger circuit comprises a pulse transformer 6, a gas discharge tube 7, a piezoresistor 8 and a high-voltage capacitor 9, when a typical lightning impulse voltage of 1.2/50 mu s acts on a surge protector, the voltages at two ends of the piezoresistor 8 are continuously increased, the action voltage is slightly higher than a threshold voltage, the voltage is clamped after the action voltage is reached, the voltages at two ends of the piezoresistor 8 are basically unchanged, the voltages at two ends of the capacitor 9 start to rapidly increase along with the voltage, after the gas discharge tube 7 acts, the secondary side of the pulse transformer 6 induces high voltage to enable the trigger electrode 5 to generate current carriers, and accordingly the overvoltage protection gap actively breaks down and discharges lightning energy.
The invention utilizes the active field to strike the surge protector passing through the voltage protection gap, well solves the defects of long response time, misoperation and the like of the traditional surge protector, is greatly convenient for realizing the miniaturization of the module, and simultaneously adopts the design that the active field strikes the voltage protection gap, thereby well improving the problem of effective matching of two functions of front-stage leakage and rear-stage clamping. The invention adopts the cavity 1 to design the overvoltage protection gap of the front stage and the active trigger circuit of the rear stage, has simple circuit, small device volume and easy adjustment and installation, and has high response speed of the rear stage, and can effectively clamp the lightning surge voltage, so the invention is suitable for installation and use in power systems containing various secondary equipment such as converter stations, transformer substations and the like.
As shown in fig. 3, when the lightning surge voltage of 5kV passes through the surge protector of the present invention, the voltage dependent resistor 8, the capacitor 9 and the measured actual voltage waveform at the primary side of the pulse transformer 6; the voltage at two ends of the capacitor 9 rises rapidly after the piezoresistor 8 reaches the action voltage, the primary side voltage of the pulse transformer 6 generates high voltage pulse to trigger the active gap after the gas discharge tube 7 acts, the voltage clamping effect of the piezoresistor 8 on the rear-stage circuit is obvious, and the response speed of the surge protector is in mu s level, so that the performance is good. The lightning surge of kV level can be responded quickly in a time scale of one-digit microseconds, and clamping is effective.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments and application fields, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous forms of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A surge protector with active field-effect across a voltage protection gap comprising a pre-stage section and a post-stage section connected to the pre-stage section, characterized in that,
a pre-stage section, which includes,
the cavity body is provided with a plurality of grooves,
an anode movably disposed in the cavity,
a cathode movably disposed in the cavity and disposed opposite the anode, an adjustable discharge gap being formed between the anode and the cathode,
the trigger electrode is movably arranged in the cavity, one end of the trigger electrode is perpendicular to the discharge gap and is collinear with the central position of the discharge gap to form a trigger gap, and the other end of the trigger electrode is connected with the secondary side of the pulse transformer;
the latter stage part comprises a part of the device,
a pulse transformer comprising a primary side and a secondary side,
a gas discharge tube connected to the primary side,
a varistor connected to the gas discharge tube,
the capacitor is connected with the piezoresistor and the primary side, the gas discharge tube, the piezoresistor and the capacitor form an active trigger circuit, when lightning surge voltage passes through, the voltage at two ends of the piezoresistor rises to the action voltage of the piezoresistor and clamps the voltage, the voltage at two ends of the capacitor rises rapidly to the gas discharge tube to act, the gas discharge tube breaks down and conducts, the secondary side coupling output voltage enables a front-stage part trigger electrode to generate carrier diffusion, the discharge gap is broken down actively, the threshold voltage of the gas discharge tube is 1000V, the capacitance value of the piezoresistor is 100pF, the pulse transformer is provided with a magnetic core, the primary side coil turns are configured to enable the voltage to induce high-voltage pulses of a kV level, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are of a club-shaped structure, the materials of the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the trigger electrode are all brass, the positive electrode is movably arranged in the cavity through a first movable conducting rod, the negative electrode is movably arranged in the cavity through a second movable conducting rod, the trigger electrode is movably arranged in the cavity through a third movable conducting rod, the trigger electrode is movably arranged in the cavity through a second movable conducting rod, the second movable conducting rod is connected with the second conducting rod through the second movable conducting rod to the second side, the second conducting rod is connected with the second electrode through the second movable conducting rod, and the second conducting rod is connected with the two ends of the positive electrode through the second conducting rod and the second conducting rod, the positive electrode and the positive electrode.
2. The surge protector with active field across voltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein the initial position of the discharge gap is 20mm.
3. The surge protector with active field across a voltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein a trigger electrode is located above and on a perpendicular to a center position of the discharge gap.
4. The surge protector with active field across a voltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein the gas discharge tube comprises a ceramic discharge tube and a glass discharge tube.
5. The surge protector with active field across a voltage protection gap of claim 1, wherein the response speed of the surge protector is in the order of μs.
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| CN113872173A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-12-31 | 西安交通大学 | Intelligent multilayer gap overvoltage protector with high weldability based on copper-chromium alloy material |
| CN113991629B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-07-12 | 汇网电气有限公司 | Method for eliminating small gap discharge |
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