CN114700406B - Near-net spin forming process of large thin-wall high-temperature alloy component - Google Patents
Near-net spin forming process of large thin-wall high-temperature alloy component Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
- B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
Abstract
The invention discloses a near-net spin forming process of a large thin-wall superalloy component, which comprises the following steps: the blank is assembled between the tail top and the core mould and is subjected to preheating treatment, and the preheating temperature is 300-400 ℃; carrying out spinning forming for 6-8 times based on an involute track, wherein the rotating speed of a core mold is 150-180 r/min in the spinning process, and the spinning roller synchronously feeds at a feeding speed of 150-180 mm/min; wherein, the rotation angle alpha of the involute is initially set to 0 degrees, and alpha of each subsequent pass is set to 5 degrees; the flame gun is used for feeding along with the spinning roller, and the spinning position is heated, so that the spinning temperature is 800-900 ℃. The invention effectively reduces the strain value of a film pasting area of the spinning part by multi-pass high-temperature spinning, evenly distributes strain, effectively reduces the film pasting amount of a single pass, reduces the cracking risk, and inclines an involute track to one side of a blank by controlling the rotation angle from 0 DEG to 5 DEG and selecting a proper spinning motion track, thereby reducing the elevation angle, improving the spinning effect, and realizing allowance-free/little-allowance forming while ensuring the quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spinning forming process of a large thin-wall high-temperature alloy member, belonging to the technical field of metal plastic forming.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is widely used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, chemical industry, energy sources and the like due to the characteristics of good yield strength, tensile strength, lasting strength, excellent corrosion resistance, irradiation resistance, hot working, welding performance and the like. With the continuous improvement of the performance of aviation and aerospace engines, higher requirements are put forward on key materials for the engines in the aspects of temperature bearing capacity, durable creep performance, fatigue resistance and the like so as to meet the requirements of high performance, high reliability and long service life of advanced aeroengines. Therefore, how to prepare high-performance superalloy structural materials through a proper processing technology is an important research point at present.
The spinning forming process is an important branch of plastic forming, has good flexibility and lower cost, is an important means for preparing high-performance thin-wall rotary body components, and Chinese patent application No. 201811619399.6 discloses a room-temperature spinning forming method for a nickel-based high-temperature alloy composite curved bus component difficult to deform. And then adopting a butterfly spinning roller to spin to obtain a prefabricated conical part, wherein the feeding ratio is 0.2mm/r, and then carrying out multi-pass ordinary spinning through the circular arc forward path of the composite spinning roller to obtain the composite curved bus member. According to the method, although room-temperature forming of the high-temperature alloy can be realized, and the complex curved bus member is obtained by combining shearing spinning with multipass ordinary spinning, the defects of cracking, wrinkling and the like are easily generated due to poor room-temperature deformability of the high-temperature alloy in the forming process, and the forming quality of the spinning piece is poor.
The invention patent application number 201611174457.X discloses a spinning processing method of nickel-based alloy cylindrical piece with bottom, which comprises the steps of firstly preheating a core mold at 400-600 ℃, then heating a plate blank to 700-980 ℃ for hot spinning forming, wherein the rotating speed of the core mold is 100-400 r/min, the feeding speed is 50-150 mm/min, and the radius of a spinning wheel fillet is 15-30 mm. The scheme explores a hot-spinning forming method for GH4169 nickel-based alloy cylindrical parts, but the method is only suitable for forming cylindrical parts and is not suitable for forming complex thin-wall components such as conical parts, curved buses and the like.
At present, in order to improve the processing efficiency, the spinning of the high-temperature alloy generally adopts thermal spinning, wherein one of the most common heating modes is flame spray gun heating, and the method has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, wide temperature range and the like. The literature L.L.Sun, H.C.Kou, R.Hu, J.Wang, H.W.Li, J.S.Li, FEM numerical simulation of first-pass heat spinning for Ni-Cr-W-Mo superalloy workpiece with curvilinear shape, journal of Plasticity Engineering,17 (2010) (Sun Lijun, kou Haichuan, hu Rerong, wang Jianjun, li Houwei, li Jianxin, one-time hot spinning finite element numerical simulation of Ni-Cr-W-Mo superalloy curved parts, journal of plastic engineering,17 (2010)): 33-38 "established a Ni-Cr-W-Mo alloy profile hot spinning finite element model with process parameters of: the radius of the core mould fillet is 10mm, the feeding ratio is 2mm/r, the preheating temperature of the core mould is 400 ℃, and the spinning temperature is 1050 ℃. The result shows that the temperature fluctuation is easy to occur in the heating process, the heating precision is not high, the spinning part is easy to generate larger thermal stress caused by uneven temperature in the hot spinning forming process, and the spinning part is easy to generate cracking risk to cause spinning failure.
In order to solve the problems that the large thin-wall high-temperature alloy component is difficult to form in the spinning process, and is easy to crack, wrinkle and the like, the large machining amount is required to meet the requirements of construction shape and size after spinning, and the spinning process of the large thin-wall high-temperature alloy component is optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a near-net spinning forming process of a large thin-wall high-temperature alloy member, which not only solves the problems of difficult spinning forming, easy cracking, wrinkling and other defects in the prior art, but also solves the problems of large forming allowance and need of secondary processing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a near net spin forming process for a large thin wall superalloy component, the process comprising:
the blank is assembled between the tail top and the core mould and is subjected to preheating treatment, and the preheating temperature is 300-400 ℃;
carrying out spinning forming for 6-8 times based on an involute track, wherein the rotating speed of a core mold is 150-180 r/min in the spinning process, and the spinning roller synchronously feeds at a feeding speed of 150-180 mm/min;
wherein, use involute equation to get involute track, involute equation is:
x＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]cosα-a[sinθ-θcosθ]sinα；
y＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]sinα-a[sinθ-θcosθ]cosα；
wherein a is a base circle radius, θ is an involute elevation angle, a rotation angle alpha of the involute is initially set to 0 degrees, and alpha of each subsequent pass is set to 5 degrees;
the flame gun is used for feeding along with the spinning roller, and the spinning position is heated, so that the spinning temperature is 800-900 ℃.
Further, before the blank is assembled, a high-temperature alloy plate blank is obtained by rolling, the blank is annealed at 900-950 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.5-1 hour, and the spinning blank is obtained by air cooling.
Further, the thickness of the plate blank is 4-6 mm.
Further, the number of the spinning wheels is 2.
Further, the centers of the two spinning wheels are symmetrically arranged, and the symmetry center is the axis of the core mold.
Further, the fillet radius of the spinning wheel is 6mm.
Further, the spinning wheel passively rotates.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the near-net spin forming process of the large thin-wall high-temperature alloy component effectively reduces the strain value of a spin-casting film pasting area through multi-pass high-temperature spin, uniformly distributes strain, simultaneously effectively reduces the single-pass film pasting amount, reduces deformation resistance, effectively reduces internal and external strain differences of film pasting parts, reduces cracking risk, and realizes allowance-free/little allowance forming by controlling the rotation angle from 0 DEG to 5 DEG and selecting a proper spin motion track to incline an involute track to one side of a blank, reducing elevation angle, improving spin effect, and ensuring quality.
2. According to the near-net spin forming process of the large thin-wall high-temperature alloy component, spin forming is carried out by using the thin plate with the thickness of 4-6mm, so that the large thin-wall component with the thickness of less than 2mm is directly formed, the material utilization rate is greatly improved, and near-net forming is realized.
3. According to the near-net spinning forming process of the large thin-wall high-temperature alloy component, when spinning is performed through symmetrical distribution of the double spinning wheels, the moment effect is weaker due to symmetrical stress, the stress concentration of the clamping end is remarkably relieved, the stability of spinning deformation is effectively improved, the stretching deformation and thinning of blanks are promoted, and the spinning efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an involute track of the present invention;
in the figure: XOY is a coordinate system with the center of involute base circle as origin, θ 0 Is the initial involute elevation angle, and the involute elevation angle alpha with theta being a certain moment 0 Is the involute elevation angle at the end point of the first-pass spinning, a is the base circle radius and y 0 Is the distance x between the center of involute base circle and initial spinning point along Y axis 0 Is the distance X between the center of involute base circle and initial spinning point along X axis m Is the distance between the initial position of the involute and the outer surface of the blank along the X axis, epsilon O' eta is a coordinate system taking the initial position of the involute as the origin, D 0 Is the radius D of the core mould 1 Is the radius of the blank, Q 0 A blank spinning initial position, a blank spinning end point and t are respectively set as Q 0 The thickness of the blank, rho is the radius of a core die fillet, beta is the included angle between an involute tangent line of an initial spinning point of the blank and an X axis, and y is the angle between the involute tangent line and the X axis m Is the distance between the initial position of the involute and the inner surface of the blank along the Y axis.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a near net spin forming process for a large thin wall superalloy component, the process comprising the steps of:
s1: calculating to obtain the volume of the component according to the shape and the size required by the design of the component, and rolling to obtain a cylindrical plate blank of the high-temperature alloy with phi 420 multiplied by 4mm due to the unchanged volume;
here, the superalloy used is IN625 alloy.
S2: annealing the blank obtained by rolling at 950 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and obtaining the spinning blank after air cooling.
S3: clamping the blank between the tail top and the core die, and preheating the blank at 300 ℃;
the spinning roller is a circular roller, the radius of the circular roller is 6mm, the number of the rollers is 2, the axis of the core mold is used as a symmetrical axis, the centers of the rollers are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the axis of the core mold, the rollers are symmetrically distributed for spinning, the stress concentration phenomenon of the clamping end is relieved, the stability of spinning deformation is effectively improved, the stretching deformation and thinning of blanks are promoted, and the spinning efficiency is improved.
S4: 8-pass spinning forming is carried out based on the spinning track planning of the involute, in the spinning process, the rotating speed of the core mold is 160r/min, the spinning roller is synchronously fed, the feeding speed is 160mm/min, and the spinning roller passively rotates under the friction action of the blank.
In the spinning process, a flame gun is used for heating the blank locally, and the flame gun follows the spinning roller to feed, so that the stability of the temperature is ensured, and meanwhile, the heat flux density is manually or automatically adjusted (the adjustment of the heat flux density can be realized by adjusting parameters and conditions such as the distance between a nozzle and the blank, the flame power, the number of flame guns and the like), so that the temperature of a heating area is constant at 900 ℃.
Referring to fig. 1, the involute planning track planning method is as follows: rotating the involute under the XOY coordinate system by alpha degrees around a rotation center O point to make the involute tangent with the outer side of the core mold fillet, wherein the obtained involute equation is as follows:
x＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]cosα-a[sinθ-θcosθ]sinα；
y＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]sinα-a[sinθ-θcosθ]cosα；
wherein the rotation angle alpha determines the subsequent path track, and when alpha is zero, the involute track is the original track; when alpha is larger than zero, the involute track gradually inclines to one side of the spinning piece, the elevation angle gradually decreases, the blank gradually fits the core mould, the initial alpha is set to be 0 degrees, and the alpha of each subsequent pass is set to be 5 degrees;
here, base circle radiusa is 600mm, initial elevation angle theta 0 60 DEG, y 0 And the conical spinning piece attached to the core mold is obtained by spinning with the diameter of 27.36mm, so that the forming quality is good, the allowance is small, and secondary processing is not needed.
Example 2: a near net spin forming process for a large thin wall superalloy component, the process comprising the steps of:
s1: calculating to obtain the volume of the component according to the shape and the size required by the design of the component, and rolling to obtain a cylindrical plate blank of the high-temperature alloy with the diameter of phi 850 multiplied by 5mm as the volume is unchanged;
here, the superalloy used is IN625 alloy.
S2: annealing the blank obtained by rolling at 950 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and obtaining the spinning blank after air cooling.
S3: clamping the blank between the tail top and the core die, and preheating the blank at 300 ℃;
the spinning roller is a circular roller, the radius of the circular roller is 6mm, the number of the rollers is 2, the axis of the core mold is used as a symmetrical axis, the centers of the rollers are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the axis of the core mold, the rollers are symmetrically distributed for spinning, the stress concentration phenomenon of the clamping end is relieved, the stability of spinning deformation is effectively improved, the stretching deformation and thinning of blanks are promoted, and the spinning efficiency is improved.
S4: 8-pass spinning forming is carried out based on the spinning track planning of the involute, in the spinning process, the rotating speed of the core mold is 160r/min, the spinning roller is synchronously fed, the feeding speed is 160mm/min, and the spinning roller passively rotates under the friction action of the blank.
In the spinning process, a flame gun is used for heating the blank locally, and the flame gun follows the spinning roller to feed, so that the stability of the temperature is ensured, and meanwhile, the heat flux density is manually or automatically adjusted (the adjustment of the heat flux density can be realized by adjusting parameters and conditions such as the distance between a nozzle and the blank, the flame power, the number of flame guns and the like), so that the temperature of a heating area is constant at 900 ℃.
Referring to fig. 1, the involute planning track planning method is as follows: rotating the involute under the XOY coordinate system by alpha degrees around a rotation center O point to make the involute tangent with the outer side of the core mold fillet, wherein the obtained involute equation is as follows:
x＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]cosθ-a[sinθ-θcosθ]sinα；
y＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]sinα-a[sinθ-θcosθ]cosα；
wherein the rotation angle alpha determines the subsequent path track, and when alpha is zero, the involute track is the original track; when alpha is larger than zero, the involute track gradually inclines to one side of the spinning piece, the elevation angle gradually decreases, the blank gradually fits the core mould, the initial alpha is set to be 0 degrees, and the alpha of each subsequent pass is set to be 5 degrees;
here, the base radius a is 1500mm, the initial elevation angle θ 0 60 DEG, y 0 And the conical spinning piece attached to the core mold is obtained by spinning with the diameter of 27.36mm, so that the forming quality is good, the allowance is small, and secondary processing is not needed.
Example 3: a near net spin forming process for a large thin wall superalloy component, the process comprising the steps of:
s1: calculating to obtain the volume of the component according to the shape and the size required by the design of the component, and rolling to obtain a cylindrical plate blank of the high-temperature alloy with the diameter of phi 1100 multiplied by 6mm as the volume is unchanged;
here, the superalloy used is IN625 alloy.
S2: annealing the blank obtained by rolling at 950 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and obtaining the spinning blank after air cooling.
S3: clamping the blank between the tail top and the core die, and preheating the blank at 300 ℃;
the spinning roller is a circular roller, the radius of the circular roller is 6mm, the number of the rollers is 2, the axis of the core mold is used as a symmetrical axis, the centers of the rollers are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the axis of the core mold, the rollers are symmetrically distributed for spinning, the stress concentration phenomenon of the clamping end is relieved, the stability of spinning deformation is effectively improved, the stretching deformation and thinning of blanks are promoted, and the spinning efficiency is improved.
S4: 8-pass spinning forming is carried out based on the spinning track planning of the involute, in the spinning process, the rotating speed of the core mold is 160r/min, the spinning roller is synchronously fed, the feeding speed is 160mm/min, and the spinning roller passively rotates under the friction action of the blank.
In the spinning process, a flame gun is used for heating the blank locally, and the flame gun follows the spinning roller to feed, so that the stability of the temperature is ensured, and meanwhile, the heat flux density is manually or automatically adjusted (the adjustment of the heat flux density can be realized by adjusting parameters and conditions such as the distance between a nozzle and the blank, the flame power, the number of flame guns and the like), so that the temperature of a heating area is constant at 900 ℃.
Referring to fig. 1, the involute planning track planning method is as follows: rotating the involute under the XOY coordinate system by alpha degrees around a rotation center O point to make the involute tangent with the outer side of the core mold fillet, wherein the obtained involute equation is as follows:
x＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]cosα-a[sinθ-θcosθ]sinα；
y＝a[cosθ+θsinθ-1]sinα-a[sinθ-θcosθ]cosα；
wherein the rotation angle alpha determines the subsequent path track, and when alpha is zero, the involute track is the original track; when alpha is larger than zero, the involute track gradually inclines to one side of the spinning piece, the elevation angle gradually decreases, the blank gradually fits the core mould, the initial alpha is set to be 0 degrees, and the alpha of each subsequent pass is set to be 5 degrees;
here, the base radius a is 3000mm, the initial elevation angle θ 0 60 DEG, y 0 And the curved bus-shaped spinning piece attached to the core mold is obtained by spinning with the diameter of 27.36mm, so that the forming quality is good, the allowance is small, and secondary processing is not needed.
Claims (5)
1. A near net spin forming process for a large thin wall superalloy component, the process comprising:
rolling to obtain a high-temperature alloy plate blank, annealing the blank at 900-950 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1 hour, and air-cooling to obtain a spinning blank; the thickness of the plate blank is 4-6 mm;
assembling the blank between the tail top and the core die, and performing preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 300-400 ℃;
8 times of spinning forming are carried out based on the involute track, in the spinning process, the rotating speed of the core mold is 160r/min, the spinning rollers synchronously feed, the feeding speed is 160mm/min, and the feeding ratio is 1mm/r;
wherein, use involute equation to get involute track, involute equation is:
；
；
wherein a is a base circle radius, θ is an involute elevation angle, a rotation angle alpha of the involute is initially set to 0 degrees, and alpha of each subsequent pass is set to 5 degrees; the base circle radius a is 600mm, and the initial elevation angle theta 0 60 DEG, y 0 Taking 27.36mm;
a flame gun is used for feeding along with a spinning roller, and the spinning position is heated to lead the spinning temperature to be 800-900 ℃,
and finally, obtaining the thinned conical spinning piece.
2. The near net spin forming process for large thin-walled superalloy components according to claim 1, wherein the number of spin wheels is 2.
3. The near net spin forming process of a large thin-walled superalloy component according to claim 2 wherein the two spin wheels are arranged symmetrically about a center of symmetry about the mandrel axis.
4. The near net spin forming process for large thin-walled superalloy components according to claim 1, wherein the radius of the spin wheel is 6mm.
5. The near net spin forming process for large thin-walled superalloy components according to claim 1, wherein the spin wheel is passively rotated.
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