CN109500188B - Molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot-state powerful spinning forming device and method - Google Patents
Molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot-state powerful spinning forming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109500188B CN109500188B CN201811599689.9A CN201811599689A CN109500188B CN 109500188 B CN109500188 B CN 109500188B CN 201811599689 A CN201811599689 A CN 201811599689A CN 109500188 B CN109500188 B CN 109500188B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
- B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/18—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects vessels, e.g. tubs, vats, tanks, sinks, or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses a molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset thermal state powerful spinning forming device, which comprises a shaping system, two spinning forming systems and two automatic online heating systems, wherein the shaping system is arranged on the top of a mould; the two sets of spinning forming systems are axially staggered at two sides of the setting system, and the two sets of automatic online heating systems are respectively distributed at two sides of the setting system; the shaping system is used for shaping the molybdenum plate, the spinning forming system is used for pressing and forming the molybdenum plate, and the automatic online heating system is used for heating the molybdenum plate in the spinning forming process. The device can take a molybdenum plate as a raw material to prepare a molybdenum metal revolving body product with large length-diameter ratio, variable cross section and curved generatrix shape at one time without interruption. The molybdenum crucible prepared by the spinning forming method of the device has consistent circumferential wall thickness, uniform wall thickness reduction transition in the height direction, accurate size, no crack and no surface defect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powerful spinning, and particularly relates to a molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot powerful spinning forming device.
Background
The molybdenum crucible is an important molybdenum and molybdenum alloy special-shaped structural part, is widely used as a container for sapphire single crystal crystallization, glass smelting, rare earth smelting and zinc smelting, a high-temperature furnace lining component and the like, and is generally processed by the modes of powder metallurgy, forging (extrusion), machining, stamping and the like. However, for the molybdenum crucible with large size, large length-diameter ratio, high surface quality requirement, small and variable wall thickness, the mode of 'sintering + forging (extrusion) + machining' is not only too low in material utilization rate, but also lower in strength and density of the workpiece, and the stamping technology is often difficult to form due to large deformation degree, uneven wall thickness and the like, so the spinning technology is mostly adopted for forming.
The spinning technology is a forming method for pressing a slab or a tube blank rotating along the same axis with a core mold through the feeding motion of a spinning wheel to generate continuous local plastic deformation so as to form a required hollow revolving body. It integrates the technological features of forging, extruding, deep drawing, ring rolling, cross rolling and rolling. The spinning technology not only shows unique forming superiority in the processing of various special-shaped revolution bodies with high processing precision, large length-diameter ratio, variable cross section and curved generatrix shape due to the variable appearance of the core mould, but also has the advantages that a spinning wheel is nearly in point contact with metal in the spinning process, the contact area is small, the unit pressure is as high as 2500 plus 3500MPa, and the spinning technology is particularly suitable for the plastic forming of high-strength hard-to-deform material parts. Therefore, the spinning forming technology gradually becomes an advanced precise plastic forming process for small-batch and multi-variety rotary thin-wall shell metal parts in the industries of aviation, aerospace, missiles, satellites, weapons, naval vessels and the like.
According to whether the thickness of a blank is changed (thinned) in the spinning process, the spinning technology is divided into common spinning and powerful spinning, the former is mainly used for forming a tank body with lower surface quality requirement and equal wall thickness, and the latter is mainly used for processing a complex structural part with variable wall thickness and high surface quality. Molybdenum metal is brittle and poorly adheres to a mandrel, and a good surface roughness is generally achieved by metal flow in a wall thickness reduction process, so that power spinning is often used.
The spinning technology is divided into room temperature spinning and hot state spinning according to the deformation temperature of the blank. The room temperature spinning is suitable for high-plasticity easy-deformation materials with small deformation resistance such as steel, aluminum, copper and the like, and low-ductility materials with large deformation resistance such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum and the like and brittle materials are mostly spun in a hot state.
In the strong spinning process of the cylindrical part, 2-3 spinning wheels are arranged in a circumferential symmetrical mode to achieve balance of radial force of spinning and reduce bending deflection, deflection and vibration of a main shaft and a core mold.
At present, although the hot state power spinning technology of molybdenum metal has certain theoretical feasibility and experimental exploration, the technology lacks technical details suitable for industrial production. Firstly, in order to ensure that the molybdenum crucible has strict shape and size (including linear dimension, wall thickness, angle, arc radius, flatness, position tolerance and the like of each part), higher rigidity (avoiding deformation in the using process), excellent surface quality and more uniform deformation microstructure (avoiding micro-crack induced at the mutation position of the microstructure by thermal fatigue), detailed specifications must be provided for the structural parameters of a spinning forming system, such as a spinning wheel forming angle, a spinning wheel radius, a spinning wheel sharp-corner radius, a spinning wheel installation angle and the like, and spinning processes and matched processes of a molybdenum plate pretreatment process, wall thickness pass reduction rate, spinning wheel feeding amount, a core mold-spinning wheel gap, a main shaft rotating speed, spinning temperature, an annealing process finished product and the like. Secondly, in the existing hot spinning process, a manual handheld heating torch is mostly adopted for heating. The heating mode is difficult to ensure an even temperature field, the labor intensity of operators is high, the working environment is poor, multiple heating torches are required to be held by multiple persons for heating in a matched mode when large-size workpieces are spun, the temperature uniformity is difficult to ensure, and certain potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, the design of the automatic gas heating system which moves synchronously with the spinning running track is an important hardware guarantee of the molybdenum crucible spinning technology. Furthermore, although the circumferential layout of the spinning wheels has been discussed, the axial layout of the 2-3 spinning wheels has no detailed design, and the circumferential uniformity of the wall thickness of the spinning piece, the axial variation continuity of the wall thickness, the reduction of the roughness of the inner surface and the improvement of the forming efficiency are greatly influenced, so that a reasonable axial staggered structure of the spinning wheels needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot-state powerful spinning forming device, which can be used for preparing a molybdenum metal revolving body product with large length-diameter ratio, variable cross section and a curved generatrix shape by taking a molybdenum plate as a raw material at one time without interruption.
The invention also aims to provide a method for performing hot state powerful spinning forming on the double-wheel staggered molybdenum crucible by using the device.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot-state powerful spinning forming device comprises a shaping system, two spinning forming systems and two automatic online heating systems; the two sets of spinning forming systems are axially staggered at two sides of the setting system, and the two sets of automatic online heating systems are respectively distributed at two sides of the setting system; the shaping system is used for shaping the molybdenum plate, the spinning forming system is used for pressing and forming the molybdenum plate, and the automatic online heating system is used for heating the molybdenum plate in the spinning forming process.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the shaping system comprises a core mould connected with the end part of a spindle of the spinning machine and a tail top mould connected with the end part of a tail top rack of the spinning machine, the inner bottom wall of the tail top mould is arranged towards the tail part of the core mould, and the molybdenum plate is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the tail top mould and the tail part of the core mould.
The axial offset distance between the two sets of spinning forming systems is 0.2-0.5 mm.
The spinning forming system comprises a spinning wheel shaft, one end of the spinning wheel shaft is connected with a spinning wheel, and the other end of the spinning wheel shaft is connected with a spinning wheel base.
The automatic on-line heating system comprises a fixed upright post, wherein the top end of the fixed upright post is provided with an inclined plane slide rail, one end of the inclined plane slide rail is provided with a second stepless speed-changing servo motor, the motor shaft of the second stepless speed-changing servo motor is connected with a first lead screw, the first lead screw is provided with a first lead screw nut, the first lead screw nut is matched with the inclined plane slide rail, the top end of the first lead screw nut is fixedly connected with a horizontal bracket, the horizontal bracket is provided with a third stepless speed-changing servo motor and a slide rail, the motor shaft of the third stepless speed-changing servo motor is connected with a second lead screw, the second lead screw is provided with a second lead screw nut, the second lead screw nut is matched with the slide rail, the top end of the second lead screw nut is fixedly connected with a first stepless speed-changing servo motor, the motor shaft of the first stepless speed-changing servo motor is connected with a, the nozzle of the heating torch faces the molybdenum plate, the heating torch is fixed on the rotary support, the gas inlet end of the heating torch is connected with a gas pipeline, a gas check valve is arranged on the gas pipeline, and a heating gas flow regulating valve is also arranged on the heating torch.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that the molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot state powerful spinning forming method adopts the molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot state powerful spinning forming device, and comprises the following steps:
(1) designing, manufacturing and installing a core die:
selecting hot-work die steel as a raw material, taking the inner size of a molybdenum crucible as the outer size of a core die, forging, tempering, roughly machining, quenching and tempering, and finely machining to obtain the core die, wherein the surface roughness of the core die reaches Ra0.8 mu m, and the surface hardness after quenching is more than or equal to HRC 55; fastening a core mold on a spinning machine main shaft of a spinning machine, wherein the fit clearance between the core mold and the spinning machine main shaft is-0.08 mm, the no-load axial runout of the core mold is not more than 0.15mm, and the no-load radial runout of the core mold is not more than 0.1 mm;
(2) designing parameters of a spinning forming system:
the spinning mechanism parameters comprise spinning wheel forming angle α, spinning wheel sharp angle radius rho and spinning wheel radius DρA spinning wheel mounting angle β and a spinning wheel layout structure;
(a) determination of spinning wheel forming angle α
During the first-pass spinning, the forming angle α of the spinning wheel is 40 degrees, during the second-pass spinning and the third-pass spinning, the forming angle α of the spinning wheel is 30 degrees and 22 degrees, and during the fourth-pass spinning, the forming angle α of the spinning wheel is 5 degrees;
(b) the spinning wheel spun by the molybdenum crucible has the curvature radius of rho1Rho and rho2Is formed by smoothly connecting 3 circular arc sections, and the radius rho of the sharp angle of the rotary wheel1、ρ、ρ28-12 mm;
(c) spinning wheel radius D for spinning molybdenum crucibleρIs 240-280 mm;
(d) the installation angle β of the spinning wheel formed by spinning molybdenum metal is 20-30 degrees;
(e) the spinning of the molybdenum crucible adopts double spinning wheels which are distributed on two sides of the spinning machine by taking a spindle of the spinning machine as a central line, the axial offset distance of 2 spinning wheels is 0.2-0.5mm, and the radius of the arc section of the spinning wheel positioned in front is as follows: 10-12mm, and is used for preliminary forming of the molybdenum crucible; the radius of the circular arc section of the rear rotary wheel is as follows: 8-10mm, used for wall thickness control and inner surface finishing of the molybdenum crucible;
(3) preparing a molybdenum plate:
calculating the size of the required circular molybdenum plate according to the volume of the molybdenum crucible on the basis of the equal volume principle; the circular molybdenum plate is subjected to heat preservation for 0.5-1.5h at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃ in vacuum or reducing atmosphere, recrystallization annealing is carried out on the selected circular molybdenum plate to obtain uniform and fine isometric crystals, and then the surface of the circular molybdenum plate is uniformly coated with a lubricant;
(4) design and debug spinning curve
Designing an integral spinning curve according to the equal volume principle of adjacent spinning curves, and enabling the gap between a feed straight line section of the spinning curve and a core mold bus to be 0.9-0.95 times of the thickness of the molybdenum crucible wall; the clearance between the die attaching curve and the bus of the core die is 0.8-0.85 times of the wall thickness of the corresponding part of the molybdenum crucible, and finally, the surface of the core die is uniformly coated with a release agent;
(5) placing the prepared circular molybdenum plate at the tail of the core die in the center; heating the area of the central part of the circular molybdenum plate, which is larger than the area of the plane at the bottom of the molybdenum crucible, to 450-500 ℃ by using a heating torch, and preserving the heat for 5-10 min; moving the spinning machine tail top rack to clamp the circular molybdenum plate between the core mold and the spinning machine tail top rack, then starting the spinning machine main shaft to rotate, so that the core mold, the molybdenum plate, the tail top mold and the spinning machine main shaft synchronously rotate at the angular speed of 200 plus one 500r/min, and simultaneously adjusting the number and the angle of heating torches according to the size of the molybdenum plate and the principle that a heating flame area is not smaller than the area of the molybdenum plate so as to enable the whole molybdenum plate to be in a flame heating range;
(6) when the molybdenum plate is integrally heated to 500-600 ℃, a spinning program quantitatively generated by a spinning curve is started, two sets of spinning wheels move simultaneously according to the spinning program, and different spinning wheel feeding amounts and spindle rotating speeds are set on a spinning machine according to different spinning curve sections, specifically: the feed amount of the rotary wheel of the positive cutter curve and the reverse cutter curve is 0.175mm/r, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 380-; the feed amount of the rotary wheel of the feed curve and the die attaching curve is 0.1mm/r, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 360-400 r/min; the speed of the tool retracting curve is 6-8 mm/min; simultaneously, the heating torches are synchronously switched, so that the positions of the heating torches running along the spinning wheel are continuously switched up and down, back and forth and at different inclination angles, and the deformation area of the molybdenum plate is within 500-;
(7) after the spinning program is finished, the two sets of spinning wheels return to the original point of coordinates, the heating torch is closed and retreats to the original position, the machine frame at the tail of the spinning machine is lifted to release the pressure and separate from the tail of the molybdenum crucible, and the molybdenum crucible is manually separated from the core mold after the core mold and the spinning molybdenum crucible are cooled by air for 5-10 mm;
(8) the spinning molybdenum crucible is insulated for 0.5 to 1.5 hours at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ in an inert or reducing atmosphere for stress relief annealing;
(9) according to the height of a drawing, cutting off redundant metal at the opening part of the spinning molybdenum crucible in a stress-relief state, and polishing burrs at the cutting position.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can prepare the molybdenum metal revolving body product with high inner surface quality (Ra0.8 mu m) and variable wall thickness at one time. The online heating system can accurately control the temperature of the molybdenum plate or the spinning blank, so that the plastic stability of each part of the molybdenum revolving body in the whole spinning process is ensured, the regulation and control of the internal structure and the size of the product are stricter, and the repeatability and the reproducibility are good;
(2) the double-spinning wheel axial staggered arrangement which is simpler and more convenient than three-wheel spinning is adopted, so that the single deformation of the molybdenum plate or the spinning blank is greatly reduced compared with that of single-wheel spinning, the stress state of a spinning machine is effectively improved, the cracking probability during spinning is reduced, meanwhile, the quality of the inner surface of a molybdenum revolving body product is obviously improved, and the spinning production efficiency is also improved in multiples;
(3) according to the positioning method provided by the invention, the axis of the core die can be taken as a reference by simply adjusting the lifting position and the left and right positions, so that the uniform distribution of the molybdenum plates around is ensured, the problem of uneven lugs of a molybdenum revolving body product in the subsequent spinning process is effectively avoided, the deformation uniformity of each part of the molybdenum plates or spinning blanks is ensured, and the maximum utilization rate of the template is realized;
(4) the on-line heating system provided by the invention effectively overcomes the defects of poor labor environment, high working intensity, non-uniform heating, high labor cost and the like of the traditional manual heating torch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot state power spinning forming device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of region I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spinning wheel path cycle in the spin forming process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a full spinning curve;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the bottom of a molybdenum crucible bulging downward;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a spinning molybdenum crucible prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a photograph of the figure 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a spinning molybdenum crucible prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a photograph of the figure 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a spinning molybdenum crucible prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a photo of the figure 10;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a spinning molybdenum crucible prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a photograph of the figure 12.
In the drawing, 1, a core die, 2, a spinning machine main shaft, 3, a spinning blank, 4, a spinning wheel, 5, a spinning wheel shaft, 6, a tail top die, 7, a heating torch, 8, a rotating support, 9, a first stepless speed change servo motor, 10, a heating gas flow regulating valve, 11, a gas check valve, 12, a gas pipeline, 13, a horizontal support, 14, a slope slide rail, 15, a fixed upright post, 16, a second stepless speed change servo motor, 17, a third stepless speed change servo motor, 18, a spinning wheel base and 19, a spinning machine tail top frame are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset thermal state powerful spinning forming device, which comprises a shaping system, two spinning forming systems and two automatic online heating systems, wherein the shaping system is arranged on the top of a mould; the two sets of spinning forming systems are axially staggered and distributed on two sides of the setting system, and the two sets of automatic online heating systems are respectively distributed on two sides of the setting system; the shaping system is used for shaping the molybdenum plate, the spinning forming system is used for pressing and forming the molybdenum plate, the automatic online heating system is used for heating the molybdenum plate in the spinning forming process, the automatic online heating system is used for heating, the synchronous movement with the spinning track is realized, two sets of spinning wheels 4 simultaneously move according to the track set by the integral spinning curve designed according to the isovolumetric principle of the adjacent spinning curve during spinning, and meanwhile, the automatic heating torches 7 synchronously change positions to enable the deformation area of the molybdenum plate to be at a proper temperature; after spinning is finished, the molybdenum crucible is fixed on the core mold 1, and after the core mold 1 and the molybdenum crucible are cooled by air by 5-10mm, the molybdenum crucible is separated from the core mold by utilizing the difference of thermal expansion amounts of the core mold 1 and the molybdenum crucible.
The shaping system comprises a core mould 1 connected with the end part of a spindle 2 of the spinning machine and a tail top mould 6 connected with the end part of a tail top rack 19 of the spinning machine, wherein the inner bottom wall of the tail top mould 6 is arranged towards the tail part of the core mould 1, a molybdenum plate is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the tail top mould 6 and the tail part of the core mould 1, and the shaping system is also a spinning force-bearing mechanism.
The axial offset distance between the two sets of spinning forming systems is 0.2-0.5 mm.
The spinning forming system comprises a spinning wheel shaft 5, one end of the spinning wheel shaft 5 is connected with a spinning wheel 4, and the other end of the spinning wheel shaft 5 is connected with a spinning wheel base 18; the spinning forming system is a main loading mechanism of the spinning process, and the main function of the spinning forming system is to transmit spinning pressure to the spinning wheel 4 through the spinning wheel base 18 and the spinning wheel shaft 5 so as to be applied to a spinning blank 3 (the spinning blank is made of a molybdenum plate).
The automatic on-line heating system comprises a fixed upright post 15, a slope slide rail 14 is arranged at the top end of the fixed upright post 15, a second stepless speed change servo motor 16 is arranged at one end of the slope slide rail 14, a motor shaft of the second stepless speed change servo motor 16 is connected with a first lead screw, a first lead screw nut is arranged on the first lead screw and matched with the slope slide rail 14, a horizontal bracket 13 is fixedly connected at the top end of the first lead screw nut, a third stepless speed change servo motor 17 and a slide rail are arranged on the horizontal bracket 13, a motor shaft of the third stepless speed change servo motor 17 is connected with a second lead screw, a second lead screw nut is arranged on the second lead screw and matched with the slide rail, a first stepless speed change servo motor 9 is fixedly connected at the top end of the second lead screw nut, a rotating bracket 8 is connected on the motor shaft of the first stepless speed change servo motor 9, and a plurality of groups of heating torch components are arranged on the, each group of heating torch components comprises a heating torch 7, the nozzle of the heating torch 7 faces the molybdenum plate, the heating torch 7 is fixed on a rotating support 8, the gas inlet end of the heating torch 7 is connected with a gas pipeline 12, a gas check valve 11 is arranged on the gas pipeline 12, and a heating gas flow regulating valve 10 is further arranged on the heating torch 7. The main function of the automatic on-line heating system is to ensure that the molybdenum plate or the spinning blank 3 is always within the process temperature range in the whole spinning forming process. Under the control of a stepless speed change servo motor 9, the heating torch 7 rotates between minus 45 degrees and 45 degrees along with the rotating bracket 8 so as to adjust the angle of the flame of the heating torch 7 towards the molybdenum plate or the spinning blank 3; under the control of a stepless speed change servo motor 16, the x-direction distance and the z-direction distance from the heating torch 7 to the core mould 1 are adjusted simultaneously along with the up-and-down movement of the horizontal bracket 13 on the inclined plane slide rail 14; and under the control of a continuously variable servo motor 17, the y-direction distance from the heating torch 7 to the molybdenum plate or the spinning blank 3 is adjusted along with the left and right movement of the horizontal bracket 13. The gas flow regulating valve 10 controls the flame temperature and flame length of the heating torch 7. In order to prevent the heated gas from flowing back and exploding, a gas check valve 11 is provided.
The working process of the molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset thermal state powerful spinning forming device is as follows: first, a circular molybdenum plate after treatment is placed between the core mold 1 and the tail top mold 6, and the heating torch 7 is moved to the vicinity of the molybdenum plate and the center portion thereof is heated to a process temperature under the control of the continuously variable servo motors 9, 16, 17. Then, the spinning machine is pushed by the spinning machine tail top frame 19, the tail top die 6 moves along the-y direction, and the molybdenum plate is clamped between the core die 1 and the tail top die 6 while the bottom shape of the molybdenum crucible is formed by pressing, so that the spinning blank 3 is formed. And then, the spindle 2 of the spinning machine is opened and rotated to drive the core mould 1, the spinning blank 3 and the tail top mould 6 to synchronously rotate, and the spinning blank 3 is continuously attached to the core mould 1 under the spinning action generated by relative rotation and axial movement of the spinning wheel 4 along the circumferential direction of the core mould 1 to gradually form a molybdenum crucible product. In the whole spinning process, the heating torch 7 continuously adjusts the distance, the heating area and the heating angle between the heating torch 7 and the spinning blank 3 along the directions of x, y and z through the stepless speed change servo motors 9, 16 and 17; while the heating torch 7 adjusts its heating temperature by means of the gas flow regulating valve 10.
And after the spinning process is finished, the spinning wheel returns to the initial position, the heating torch 7 is closed and leaves the spinning molybdenum crucible, the rotation of the spindle 2 of the spinning machine is stopped, the tail top die 6 moves backwards along with the tail top rack 19 of the spinning machine, the spinning molybdenum crucible and the core die 1 are air-cooled for 5-10min, and the spinning molybdenum crucible is separated from the core die 1 by utilizing a radial gap caused by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the spinning molybdenum crucible and the core die.
The invention also provides a molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot state powerful spinning forming method, which adopts the molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot state powerful spinning forming device and comprises the following steps:
(1) designing, manufacturing and installing a core die:
the hot spinning core die 1 of the molybdenum crucible is made of high-quality hot-working die steel with low thermal expansion coefficient such as 5CrNiMo and the like as raw materials, the surface of the hot-working die steel needs to be ground to reach Ra0.8 mu m, the surface hardness after quenching is more than or equal to HRC55, and the fit clearance between the core die 1 and the spinning machine spindle 2 is-0.1-0 mm. The no-load axial runout of the core mould 1 fastened on the spinning machine is not more than 0.15mm, and the no-load radial runout is not more than 0.1 mm.
(2) Designing parameters of a spinning forming system:
the parameters of the spinning system comprise spinning wheel forming angle α, spinning wheel sharp-angle radius rho and spinning wheel radius DρA spinning wheel mounting angle β, a spinning wheel layout structure, etc. (see fig. 1, 2, 3);
(a) in the spinning process of the molybdenum crucible, the forming angle α of the spinning wheel changes along with the change of the contact arc of the spinning wheel and the molybdenum plate (figures 1 and 2), which is reflected in that α is different in different curve sections of each spinning wheel track cycle (figure 3), when the first spinning is carried out (section AB in figure 3), α is 40 degrees, when the second spinning is carried out and the third spinning is carried out (sections EF and FG 'G in figure 3), α is respectively carried out at 30 degrees and 22 degrees, and when the fourth spinning is carried out (section EF and FG' G in figure 3), α is respectively carried out
Segment), α was 5 °;
(b) the spinning wheel spun by the molybdenum crucible consists of 3 spinning wheels with different curvature radiuses (rho)1、ρ、ρ2) Are smoothly connected (figure 2), and the radius rho of the sharp angle of the rotary wheel1、ρ、ρ28-12 mm;
(c) spinning wheel radius D for spinning molybdenum crucibleρIs 240-280 mm;
(d) the installation angle β of the spinning wheel formed by spinning molybdenum metal is 20-30 degrees, preferably 25 degrees;
(e) the spinning of the molybdenum crucible adopts double spinning wheels, the double spinning wheels are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the spinning machine by taking a main shaft (2) of the spinning machine as a central line, the axial offset distance of 2 spinning wheels 4 is 0.2-0.5mm, the radius of the arc section of the spinning wheel 4 positioned in the front is larger (10-12mm), the double spinning wheels are used for preliminary forming of the molybdenum crucible, and the radius of the arc section of the spinning wheel 4 positioned in the rear is smaller (8-10mm), and the double spinning wheels are used for wall thickness control and inner surface finishing of the molybdenum crucible;
(3) preparing a molybdenum plate:
according to the equal volume principle, the size of the molybdenum plate required is calculated according to the volume of the molybdenum crucible, the molybdenum plate waste caused by spinning lugs is considered, the specification of the circular molybdenum plate is determined, and the circular molybdenum plate is processed by linear cutting, laser cutting or water cutting. And polishing the side edge of the circular molybdenum plate to ensure that no macroscopic layering, bulges, edges, burrs and grooves exist around the circular molybdenum plate. Keeping the temperature of 900-1100 ℃ for 0.5-1.5h in vacuum or reducing atmosphere, carrying out recrystallization annealing on the molybdenum plate to obtain uniform and fine isometric crystals, and uniformly coating a lubricant on the surface of the molybdenum plate;
the key technology for preparing the molybdenum plate is to ensure the surface quality, and comprises three aspects: (a) the molybdenum plate is ensured not to be layered, once the molybdenum plate is layered, irreparable cracking or layering is easy to occur in the molybdenum crucible in the spinning process, and the molybdenum crucible is represented as an abnormal red bright spot in the spinning process; (b) two surfaces of the molybdenum plate are not provided with dominant or recessive pits; the recessive pits can be revealed through surface polishing, once pits appear on the surface of the molybdenum plate, the pits are easily expanded into cracks by the point contact characteristic of the spinning wheel in the spinning process, and even if the spinning process does not crack, the molybdenum crucible can also develop into cracks in the standing process; (c) grooves or bulges caused on the side surface of the molybdenum plate at the junction of the start and the end of the cutting tool are thoroughly ground, otherwise, the grooves or the bulges can be expanded into tearing type cracks at the edge of the blank or the opening part of the molybdenum crucible;
(4) designing and debugging a spinning curve (figure 4), designing an integral spinning curve according to the isovolumetric principle of adjacent spinning curves, then converting the integral spinning curve into a running numerical program of a spinning wheel by adopting a conversion program, carrying the running program on a spinning machine in the air, checking whether the program runs normally or not, and respectively measuring a cutting straight-line section of the spinning curve
The clearance delta' between the core mold bus and the core mold bus is 0.9 to 0.95 time of the wall thickness of the corresponding part of the molybdenum crucible, and the mold sticking curve
The clearance delta between the core mold bus and the core mold bus is 0.8 to 0.85 time of the wall thickness of the corresponding part of the molybdenum crucible (see figure 3), and finally, a release agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the core mold 1;
(5) placing the circular molybdenum plate prepared in the step (3) at the tail of the core die 1 in the center; then, starting heating gas and oxygen, heating the region of the central part of the molybdenum plate, which is larger than the area of the plane at the bottom of the molybdenum crucible, to 450-; moving the spinning machine tail top frame 19 to clamp the molybdenum plate between the core mold 1 and the spinning machine tail top frame 19, then starting the spinning machine main 2 to rotate, so that the core mold 1, the molybdenum plate, the tail top mold 6 and the spinning machine main shaft 2 synchronously rotate at the angular speed of 200 plus 500r/min, and simultaneously, adjusting the number and the angle of the heating torches 7 according to the size of the molybdenum plate and the principle that the heating flame area is not less than the area of the molybdenum plate so as to enable the whole molybdenum plate to be in the flame heating range;
(6) when the molybdenum plate is integrally heated to 600 ℃ of 500-; curve of feed and die attachment(FG' G in FIG. 3 and
segment) of the rotary wheel feed rate is 0.1mm/r, and the main shaft rotating speed is 360-400 r/min; curve of tool retracting (in fig. 3)
Segment) speeds are 6-8mm/min, and simultaneously the position of the heating torch 7 is synchronously changed, so that the position of the heating torch for the flame to follow the rotary wheel 4 to run is continuously changed up and down, back and forth and at different inclination angles, and the deformation area of the molybdenum plate is at the following set temperature;
(a) the heating temperature of the arc at the bottom of the molybdenum crucible is strictly controlled between 500 ℃ and 510 ℃, if the temperature is too high, the part of metal is easy to flow back to the bottom of the crucible, so that the bottom of the crucible is protruded downwards (figure 5), and the shape of the bottom conical surface is influenced; if the temperature is too low, the combined action of bending and thinning the arc part can easily cause the height concentration of residual internal cracks at the part and even the occurrence of cracks; (b) in the whole spinning process, the heating temperature of the edge of the incompletely formed molybdenum crucible is slightly higher than that of other parts, otherwise edge blank cracking is easily caused; (c) curve of running plaster (in fig. 3)
Segment), heating the molybdenum crucible in the region for more than 5min, otherwise, mutually supporting the molybdenum plates pressed in adjacent passes into an arch bridge shape, and making it difficult to press the arched metal onto the surface of the core mold even if the mold is adhered for multiple times;
(7) after the spinning program is finished, the spinning wheel 4 returns to the starting position, the heating torch 7 is closed and retreats to the original position, the top rack 19 at the tail of the spinning machine releases pressure and is separated from the tail of the molybdenum crucible, the spinning molybdenum crucible is tightly wrapped on the core mold, and after the core mold 1 and the spinning molybdenum crucible are cooled by air for 5-10mm, the molybdenum crucible is manually removed from the core mold by utilizing the difference of thermal expansion amounts of the core mold 1 and the molybdenum crucible;
(8) the spinning molybdenum crucible is insulated for 0.5 to 1.5 hours at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ in an inert or reducing atmosphere for stress relief annealing;
(9) cutting off redundant metal at the opening part of the spinning molybdenum crucible in a stress-relief state according to the height of a drawing, and polishing burrs at the cutting position;
(10) measuring the shape, the size and the wall thickness of the spinning molybdenum crucible by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument;
(11) and cleaning and packaging the surface of the spinning molybdenum crucible.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
(1) the core mould is a spinning bearing element and a shaping element of the molybdenum crucible. The core die has low thermal expansion coefficient and surface roughness, and high hardness and dimensional accuracy, so that high-quality hot-working die steel such as 5CrNiMo or K603 alloy is selected to avoid the diameter and height super-difference of the molybdenum crucible caused by excessive thermal expansion in the spinning process; the surface roughness of the core mold determines the quality of the inner surface of the molybdenum crucible, so the inner surface of the molybdenum crucible needs to be ground to reach Ra0.8 mu m; the core mould is subjected to proper forging, quenching and tempering treatment and surface quenching treatment, so that the core mould has enough high-temperature comprehensive mechanical properties and surface hardness; the core mold does not have idle axial run-out and idle radial run-out, and the matching clearance between the core mold and the spindle of the spinning machine is not too large, otherwise the core mold can generate radial swing in the spinning process due to too low machining precision or matching precision of the core mold, so that the inner dimensional precision of the molybdenum crucible is poor; and the assembly is difficult if the interference of the fit clearance between the core mould and the spindle of the spinning machine is too large.
(2) As shown in FIG. 2, the larger the spinning wheel forming angle α, the greater the arc of contact A of the spinning wheel with the molybdenum plate, without changing the shape and size of the spinning wheel working portion1ANThe smaller the smoothness of the inner surface of the molybdenum crucible is, the more unstable accumulation is easily generated on the undeformed molybdenum metal at the front end of the spinning wheel, the smaller α the unstable bulging is not easily generated on the metal to be deformed, the poorer the mold sticking property of the molybdenum crucible is, the rough surface layer which is not locally stuck to the core mold is easily generated on the inner surface, each spinning wheel track cycle consists of 3-4 sections of spinning curves (see figure 3), and in order to ensure that the metal at the front end of the spinning wheel is not unstable accumulation and has better mold sticking property, the different curve sections of the spinning wheel track cycle have different spinning wheel forming angles αIt is clearly established that the arc of contact between the spinning wheel and the molybdenum plate during the first spinning pass (the spinning wheel travels along section AB in FIG. 3) is A1AN(FIG. 2) α is 40 degrees, and in the second and third pass spinning process (the spinning wheel runs along the EF and FG' G sections in FIG. 3), the contact arc of the spinning wheel and the molybdenum plate is changed into A sequentially2AN、A3AN(fig. 2), α are reduced to 30 °, 22 ° respectively, in the fourth pass of the spinning process (spinning wheel along in fig. 3)
Segment operation), the spinning wheel contacts the molybdenum plate to crush the molybdenum metal at AN point AN (fig. 2) in AN approximate "point contact" manner, α being approximately 5 °.
(3) 3 segments of arc (rho) of spinning wheel1、ρ、ρ2) (FIG. 2) is a graph formed by the angle of approach (ρ)1And AA1) Working angle (p and A)1AN) Angle of light correction (rho and A)NB) And the exit angle (p)2) And 4 parts are determined by different functions, wherein the working angle and the finishing angle are the precise forming action parts of the molybdenum crucible, and the curvature radius rho of the working angle and the finishing angle has large influence on the formability and the forming quality of the molybdenum plate. The larger rho is, the larger the contact surface between the spinning wheel and the workpiece is, the overlapped part of the motion tracks of the spinning wheel is increased, the surface roughness of the outer surface of the molybdenum crucible is lower, but the spinning load (radial force and axial force) is increased, and the instability of a blank of a part to be deformed is easily caused; the smaller rho is, the smaller the spinning load is, the better the mould sticking performance of the molybdenum crucible is, but the phenomenon of 'cutting' similar to a turning tool is easily caused, and the microcrack in the molybdenum plate is rapidly expanded into a penetrating crack of the molybdenum crucible. Approach angle for biting into undeformed metal, its arc length and radius of curvature ρ1And calculating the deformation quantity of the working angle according to the equal volume. Arc length and radius of curvature ρ of exit angle2The metal is ensured to be stably separated from the rotary wheel after deformation. Therefore, the sharp angle of the rotary wheel is three arc sections which are smoothly connected.
(4) Radius of spinning wheel DρHas influence on the tangential flow of the metal, the roughness of the outer surface of the molybdenum crucible and the load of the spinning wheel. DρToo small a diameter will increase the tangential flow of metal, cause the outer surface of the molybdenum crucible to be not round circumferentially, and even cause the molybdenum crucible to spin on the mandrelRotating; dρThe overlarge force arm of the rotary wheel shaft is enlarged, the rotary pressure is correspondingly increased, and the tonnage of the equipment is multiplied. Therefore, the radius of the rotary wheel is as small as possible on the premise of ensuring the quality of the outer surface of the molybdenum crucible. The maximum spinning pressure of the spinning wheel is 150kN, and the radius D of the spinning wheel is determined through experimentsρIs 240-280 mm.
(5) The installation angle β (figure 1) of the spinning wheel is a vital equipment parameter for determining the stress condition of the whole spinning machine, β is too large, the sharp angle part of the spinning wheel is pressed too deep into the transition area of the deformed area and the area to be deformed of the molybdenum crucible, so that the metal flows to the front of the spinning wheel, the wall thickness deviates from the sine law, and a very rough 'tooth-shaped' outer surface is formed, β is too small, the sharp angle part of the spinning wheel and a core mould synchronously rotate, and the spinning pressure cannot be formed.
(6) Spinning curve feed straight line segment
Gap delta' between the core mould and a core mould bus and a mould sticking curve
The gap δ (fig. 3) between the core mold bus bar and the molybdenum crucible determines the wall thickness and the inner surface roughness of the molybdenum crucible, and is empirically adjusted according to the elastic deformation of the spinning machine, the yield of the hydraulic system, and the elastic rebound amount of the molybdenum metal. Because molybdenum is brittle metal with larger deformation resistance, the yield of a hydraulic system of the spinning machine is large, and the elastic rebound quantity of the molybdenum is negligible, the clearance between a core mould bus and a spinning wheel is as small as possible on the premise of ensuring the minimum wall thickness of the molybdenum crucible, and delta' are respectively determined to be 0.9-0.95 time and 0.8-0.85 time of the wall thickness of the crucible through experimental optimization.
(7) The feed amount f of the spinning wheel is closely related to the rotating speed n of the main shaft, and directly determines the dimensional precision, spinning pressure and pass reduction rate (namely the plastic limit of the material) of the part. f, the blank is easy to lose stability and pile up and peel when the size is too large, and the oval shape is easy to spin when the size is too small. The rotating speed n of the main shaft is too high, so that the feeding amount f of the rotary wheel is too high, similar to the thread pitch increase, the reduction rate of each part in the circumferential direction of the crucible is uneven, and the problems of uneven circumferential wall thickness, more ring-shaped ripples on the inner surface and the like of the molybdenum crucible are caused. The spinning production efficiency is greatly reduced due to the over-small rotating speed n of the main shaft.
Typically, the feed of the spinning wheel of body centered cubic metal is taken at 0.1-1.5 mm/r. As the brittleness of molybdenum metal is larger, the failure probability is increased due to the overlarge feed amount f of the spinning wheel, so that the feed amount f of the spinning wheel of the positive knife curve and the reverse knife curve of the molybdenum crucible is determined to be 0.175mm/r through experiments, and the rotating speed n of the main shaft is 380-400 r/min; the feed amount f of the spinning wheel of the feed and die sticking curves is 0.1mm/r, and the rotating speed n of the main shaft is 360-400 r/min. The tool withdrawal curve is used for adjusting the starting position of the spinning wheel of the subsequent spinning line section, and the moving speed is determined by the equipment capacity of the spinning machine.
Example 1
Preparation of
A spinning molybdenum crucible having a height of 400mm and a bottom thickness of 2.0mm, as shown in FIGS. 6-7;
(1) 5CrNiMo alloy is used as a raw material, the inner size of a molybdenum crucible shown in figure 6 is used as the outer size of a core die, and the core die is prepared by forging, tempering, rough machining, quenching and tempering and fine machining, wherein the surface roughness of the core die reaches Ra0.8 mu m, the surface hardness is more than or equal to HRC55, and the fit clearance of the core die and a spindle of a spinning machine is-0.08 mm. After the core die is fastened on spinning equipment, the no-load axial runout of the core die is not more than 0.15mm, and the no-load radial runout is not more than 0.1 mm.
(2) H13 is used as a raw material, 40 degrees, 30 degrees, 22 degrees and 5 degrees are respectively used as spinning forming angles of forward cutting, backward cutting, feeding and die attaching curves, the outlines of a front spinning wheel and a rear spinning wheel are respectively designed according to the curves of smooth connection of 3 sections of circular arcs (the curvature radius of three sections of circular arcs ensures that the included angle between each tangent line and a core die bus is equal to each spinning forming angle), the radius of the spinning wheels is 260mm, the front spinning wheel and the rear spinning wheel are precisely processed, a 25-degree spinning wheel mounting angle is selected, the double spinning wheels are symmetrically mounted, and the spinning wheels rotate smoothly after being mounted and cannot vibrate.
(3) Will have the size of
The molybdenum plate is subjected to heat preservation for 45min at 1050 ℃ in a vacuum atmosphere, and then the side edge is polished until no macroscopic layering, protrusions, edges, burrs and grooves exist around the molybdenum plate.
(4) Designing a spinning curve (figure 4), carrying a program on a spinning machine in an air-space mode, adjusting the starting point position of the spinning curve according to the standards that the wall thickness of the molybdenum crucible is 1.5mm and 1.00mm when the height is 40mm and 390mm respectively, and then uniformly coating a release agent on the surface of a core mold.
(5) Prepared by step (3)
The molybdenum plate is placed between the core die and the tail top die and is adjusted until the circle center of the molybdenum plate is coincided with the central line of the core die; heating the center of the molybdenum plate by using a 1-torch heating device
In the area, an infrared thermometer measures the temperature of 450 ℃ and keeps the temperature for 5 min; moving the spinning machine tail top frame, and clamping the molybdenum plate; starting a spindle of the spinning machine to rotate, so that the core mold, the molybdenum plate and the spindle synchronously rotate at an angular speed of 200 r/min; the heating torch of the automatic heating torch device 1 is started, and the direction and the position of the flame are adjusted, so that the whole molybdenum plate is in a heating state.
(6) When the molybdenum plate is integrally heated to the temperature of 500-. The feed amount of the rotary wheel of the positive cutter curve and the reverse cutter curve is 0.175mm/r, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 400 r/min; the feed amount of the rotary wheel of the feed curve and the die attaching curve is 0.1mm/r, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 360-380 r/min; the feed amount of the rotary wheel of the tool withdrawal curve is 8 mm/min.
(7) And after the spinning program is finished, the spinning wheel returns to the origin of coordinates, the heating torch is closed, the heating torch support is retracted to the original position, the spinning formed molybdenum crucible is fixed on the core mold, and after the core mold and the molybdenum crucible are cooled by 5mm in air, the molybdenum crucible is manually released from the core mold.
(8) And (3) preserving the temperature for 30min at 1000 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere, and performing stress relief annealing on the spinning molybdenum crucible.
(9) According to the drawing requirement of figure 6, cutting off the excessive metal at the mouth of the spinning molybdenum crucible, and polishing the burrs at the cutting position.
(10) And measuring the size and the wall thickness of each part of the spinning molybdenum crucible by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument.
(11) And cleaning and packaging the surface of the spinning molybdenum crucible.
Example 2
Prepared with a diameter of
A spun molybdenum crucible having a height of 469.9mm and a bottom thickness of 4.5mm, as shown in FIGS. 8-9;
referring to example 1, the process conditions and related parameters different from those of example 1 are shown in table 1.
Table 1 process parameters and data relating to example 2
Example 3
Preparation of
A spinning molybdenum crucible having a height of 406.4mm and a bottom thickness of 4.5mm is shown in FIGS. 10-11, see example 1, and the process conditions and related parameters different from those of example 1 are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 process parameters and data relating to example 3
Example 4
Preparation of
A spun molybdenum crucible having a height of 482.6mm and a bottom thickness of 6.0mm, as shown in FIGS. 12-13;
table 3 process parameters and data relating to example 4
The molybdenum crucible prepared by the invention has consistent circumferential wall thickness, uniform wall thickness reduction transition in the height direction, accurate size, no crack and no surface defect.
Compared with other processing methods, the molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot state powerful spinning forming method has the following advantages:
(1) the invention adopts the axial staggered arrangement of the double spinning wheels which is simpler and more convenient than three-wheel spinning, realizes the accurate forming of the molybdenum plate spinning, greatly reduces the single deformation of the molybdenum plate relative to the single-wheel spinning, not only effectively improves the stress state of the spinning machine, but also reduces the cracking probability of the molybdenum plate during the spinning, obviously improves the surface quality of the molybdenum crucible, and also improves the spinning production efficiency in multiples.
(2) The invention relates to an on-line automatic heating torch device, which consists of two groups of heating torch components which are axially and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the tail part of a spinning machine; each group comprises 3 heating torches (without limitation to quantity), 3 supports, corresponding stepless speed change motors and the like; 3 stepless speed change motors control the position and angle change of the heating torch, so that the heating torch can realize stepless continuous rotation, front-back movement and up-down lifting in the spinning process, the heating torch can not only move randomly along with a spinning wheel, but also the number of the heating torches can be increased or decreased at any time, and the flame adjusting range is wide; meanwhile, an infrared temperature control system is adopted to monitor the temperature of the blank in real time and accurately control the temperature, so that the plasticity stability of molybdenum metal in the whole spinning process is ensured, the regulation and control of the internal structure and the size of the product are stricter, and the repeatability and the reproducibility are good. The defects of insecurity, poor labor environment, high working intensity, non-uniform heating, high labor cost and the like in the heating process of manually holding the heating torch are avoided.
(3) Since the molybdenum plate is not exactly circular after being carefully ground, it is difficult to arrange the molybdenum plate uniformly around the mandrel using conventional mechanical measuring methods. The positioning method provided by the invention can take the axis of the core mold as a reference by simply adjusting the lifting position and the left and right positions, so that the uniform distribution of the molybdenum plates around is ensured, and the problems that the lugs of the molybdenum crucible are uneven in the subsequent spinning process, even the lugs are serious on one side and the effective height is insufficient on the other side are effectively avoided.
Claims (1)
1. A molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset thermal state powerful spinning forming method is characterized in that a molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset thermal state powerful spinning forming device is adopted, and the device comprises a shaping system, two sets of spinning forming systems and two sets of automatic online heating systems; the two sets of spinning forming systems are axially staggered and distributed on two sides of the setting system, and the two sets of automatic online heating systems are respectively distributed on two sides of the setting system; the shaping system is used for shaping the molybdenum plate, the spinning forming system is used for spinning forming of the molybdenum plate, and the automatic online heating system is used for heating the molybdenum plate in the spinning forming process;
the shaping system comprises a core mould (1) connected with the end part of a spindle (2) of the spinning machine and a tail top mould (6) connected with the end part of a tail top rack (19) of the spinning machine, wherein the inner bottom wall of the tail top mould (6) is arranged towards the tail part of the core mould (1), and a molybdenum plate is arranged between the inner bottom wall of the tail top mould (6) and the tail part of the core mould (1);
the axial offset distance between the two sets of spinning forming systems is 0.2-0.5 mm;
the spinning forming system comprises a spinning wheel shaft (5), one end of the spinning wheel shaft (5) is connected with a spinning wheel, and the other end of the spinning wheel shaft (5) is connected with a spinning wheel base (18);
the automatic on-line heating system comprises a fixed upright post (15), an inclined plane slide rail (14) is arranged at the top end of the fixed upright post (15), a second stepless speed change servo motor (16) is arranged at one end of the inclined plane slide rail (14), a first lead screw is connected to a motor shaft of the second stepless speed change servo motor (16), a first lead screw nut is arranged on the first lead screw and matched with the inclined plane slide rail (14), a horizontal bracket (13) is fixedly connected to the top end of the first lead screw nut, a third stepless speed change servo motor (17) and a slide rail are arranged on the horizontal bracket (13), a second lead screw is connected to a motor shaft of the third stepless speed change servo motor (17), a second lead screw nut is arranged on the second lead screw and matched with the slide rail, a first stepless speed change servo motor (9) is fixedly connected to the top end of the second lead screw nut, a motor shaft of the first stepless speed change servo motor (9) is connected with a rotating support (8), a plurality of groups of heating torch components are mounted on the rotating support (8), each group of heating torch components comprises a heating torch (7), a nozzle of the heating torch (7) faces a molybdenum plate, the heating torch (7) is fixed on the rotating support (8), a gas inlet end of the heating torch (7) is connected with a gas pipeline (12), a gas check valve (11) is arranged on the gas pipeline (12), and a heating gas flow regulating valve (10) is further arranged on the heating torch (7);
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing, manufacturing and installing a core die:
selecting hot-work die steel as a raw material, taking the inner dimension of a molybdenum crucible as the outer dimension of a core die (1), forging, tempering, roughly machining, quenching and tempering, and finely machining to obtain the core die (1), wherein the surface roughness of the core die (1) reaches Ra0.8 mu m, and the surface hardness after quenching is more than or equal to HRC 55; fastening a core mold (1) on a spinning machine main shaft (2) of a spinning machine, wherein the fit clearance between the core mold (1) and the spinning machine main shaft (2) is-0.08 mm, the no-load axial runout of the core mold (1) is not more than 0.15mm, and the no-load radial runout of the core mold (1) is not more than 0.1 mm;
(2) designing parameters of a spinning forming system:
the parameters of the spinning forming system comprise a spinning wheel forming angle α and curvature radiuses rho of three circular arc sections of a spinning wheel1Rho and rho2Radius of spinning wheel DρA spinning wheel mounting angle β and a spinning wheel layout structure;
(a) determination of spinning wheel forming angle α
During the first-pass spinning, the forming angle α of the spinning wheel is 40 degrees, during the second-pass spinning and the third-pass spinning, the forming angle α of the spinning wheel is 30 degrees and 22 degrees, and during the fourth-pass spinning, the forming angle α of the spinning wheel is 5 degrees;
(b) the spinning wheel spun by the molybdenum crucible has the curvature radius of rho1Rho and rho2Is formed by smoothly connecting 3 circular arc sections, rho1、ρ、ρ28-12 mm;
(c) spinning of molybdenum crucibleRadius of wheel DρIs 240-280 mm;
(d) the installation angle β of the spinning wheel formed by spinning molybdenum metal is 20-30 degrees;
(e) the spinning of the molybdenum crucible adopts double spinning wheels which are distributed on two sides of the spinning machine by taking a spindle (2) of the spinning machine as a central line, the axial offset distance of the 2 spinning wheels is 0.2-0.5mm, and the radius of the arc section of the spinning wheel positioned in front is as follows: 10-12mm, and is used for preliminary forming of the molybdenum crucible; the radius of the circular arc section of the rear rotary wheel is as follows: 8-10mm, used for wall thickness control and inner surface finishing of the molybdenum crucible;
(3) preparing a molybdenum plate:
calculating the size of the required circular molybdenum plate according to the volume of the molybdenum crucible on the basis of the equal volume principle; the circular molybdenum plate is subjected to heat preservation for 0.5-1.5h at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃ in vacuum or reducing atmosphere, recrystallization annealing is carried out on the selected circular molybdenum plate to obtain uniform and fine isometric crystals, and then the surface of the circular molybdenum plate is uniformly coated with a lubricant;
(4) design and debug spinning curve
Designing an integral spinning curve according to the equal volume principle of adjacent spinning curves, and enabling a gap between a feeding straight line section of the spinning curve and a generatrix of a core mold (1) to be 0.9-0.95 times of the thickness of a molybdenum crucible; the clearance between the die attaching curve and the core die bus is 0.8-0.85 times of the wall thickness of the corresponding part of the molybdenum crucible, and finally, a release agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the core die (1);
(5) placing the circular molybdenum plate prepared in the step (3) at the tail part of the core mould (1) in the center; heating the area of the central part of the circular molybdenum plate, which is larger than the area of the plane at the bottom of the molybdenum crucible, to 450-500 ℃ by using a heating torch (7), and preserving the heat for 5-10 min; moving a spinning machine tail top rack (19) to clamp a circular molybdenum plate between a core mold (1) and the spinning machine tail top rack (19), then starting a spinning machine main shaft (2) to rotate, so that the core mold (1), the molybdenum plate, a tail top mold (6) and the spinning machine main shaft (2) synchronously rotate at an angular speed of 200 plus 500r/min, and simultaneously adjusting the number and the angle of heating torches (7) according to the size of the molybdenum plate and the principle that a heating flame area is not less than the area of the molybdenum plate so as to enable the whole molybdenum plate to be in a flame heating range;
(6) when the molybdenum plate is integrally heated to 500-600 ℃, a spinning program quantitatively generated by a spinning curve is started, two sets of spinning wheels move simultaneously according to the spinning program, and different spinning wheel feeding amounts and spindle rotating speeds are set on a spinning machine according to different spinning curve sections, specifically: the feed amount of the rotary wheel of the positive cutter curve and the reverse cutter curve is 0.175mm/r, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 380-; the feed amount of the rotary wheel of the feed curve and the die attaching curve is 0.1mm/r, and the rotating speed of the main shaft is 360-400 r/min; the speed of the tool retracting curve is 6-8 mm/min; simultaneously, the heating torch (7) is synchronously changed in position, the position of the heating torch flame running along with the rotary wheel is continuously changed up and down, back and forth and at different inclination angles, and the deformation area of the molybdenum plate is within 500-510 ℃;
(7) after the spinning program is finished, the two spinning wheels return to the origin of coordinates, the heating torch (7) is closed and retreats to the original position, the top rack (19) at the tail of the spinning machine releases pressure and is separated from the tail of the molybdenum crucible, and the molybdenum crucible is manually removed from the core mold (1) after the core mold (1) and the spinning molybdenum crucible are cooled by 5-10 mim;
(8) the spinning molybdenum crucible is insulated for 0.5 to 1.5 hours at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ in an inert or reducing atmosphere for stress relief annealing;
(9) according to the height of a drawing, cutting off redundant metal at the opening part of the spinning molybdenum crucible in a stress-relief state, and polishing burrs at the cutting position.
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| CN201811599689.9A CN109500188B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot-state powerful spinning forming device and method |
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| CN201811599689.9A CN109500188B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Molybdenum crucible double-wheel offset hot-state powerful spinning forming device and method |
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| CN109834149B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2021-08-27 | 山东崇盛冶金氧枪有限公司 | Front cap spinning forming equipment for blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and process thereof |
| CN110508658A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-29 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Steel pipe spinning temperature automatic control equipment and control method |
| CN110538914B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-10-30 | 西北工业大学 | Plate sectional heating spinning forming method |
| CN111167964A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-19 | 河北中泊防爆工具集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing seamless explosion-proof container |
| CN113996689A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-02-01 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Method for controlling spinning temperature field of phi 3350mm2195 aluminum lithium alloy integral box bottom |
| CN114368174B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 中国南方航空股份有限公司 | Hyperboloid shape recovery method for repairing tip of translation door of V2500 engine |
| CN114570819A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 成都联虹钼业有限公司 | Molybdenum crucible and spinning process thereof |
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| JPH03114622A (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-05-15 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Rolling method for crucible |
| JP2000126827A (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2000-05-09 | Kenji Azuma | Spinning method of magnesium stock, and its device |
| CN101972808B (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-02-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Independent digital flame following and heating device of hot spinning machine |
| CN103302156A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-18 | 上海先欧机床制造有限公司 | Synchronous/asynchronous double-spinning-roller spinning machine |
| CN105414297B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-08-29 | 西安航天动力机械厂 | Asynchronous stepped spinning processing method |
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| CN108246902B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2023-09-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Self-increment spinning thermodynamic coupling synchronous forming device and method for titanium-containing layered composite pipe |
| CN108311577B (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-09-13 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of stepped spinning moulding process of magnalium two-layer compound cylindrical member |
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