CN114698732A - A dietary fiber for improving maternal insulin resistance and placental development by regulating intestinal flora - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a daily ration fiber for improving maternal insulin resistance and placental development by regulating intestinal flora, belonging to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding. The physical and chemical properties of the daily ration fiber are that the viscosity is more than or equal to 18000 mPa.s, the glucomannan content is more than or equal to 75.0 wt%, the pH is 5.0-7.0, the water content is less than or equal to 11.0 wt%, and the total fiber content is 70.0-72.5 wt%, and the daily ration fiber can be used for preparing feed for breeding animals. Experiments prove that the drospirenone enriched with the dietary fiber (konjac flour) improves insulin resistance and reproductive performance in gestation period by generating SCFAs to inhibit the Roseburia to destroy intestinal barrier and invade placenta tissues. The research result of the invention is expected to clarify the logical relationship between insulin resistance of pregnant parent and intestinal flora, and reveal the action mechanism of konjak flour for regulating and controlling gestational glucose metabolism, thereby providing theoretical basis for improving insulin resistance of parent and further improving reproductive performance of parent.

Description

A dietary fiber for improving maternal insulin resistance and placental development by regulating intestinal flora

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a daily ration fiber for improving maternal insulin resistance and placental development by regulating and controlling intestinal flora.

Background

The production performance of sows is often measured by providing the number of weaned piglets per year (PSY) per sow in the pig breeding industry. Wherein, the stillbirth rate and the survival rate of weaned piglets are important indexes influencing PSY. In recent years, with the improvement of genetic breeding and feeding management, the average litter size of modern high-yield sows is higher and higher, but the proportion of the corresponding piglet mortality rate and the postnatal mortality rate is also increased continuously. According to statistics, the number of dead piglets in 2016-2020 years is increased from 0.84 to 0.96, and the survival rate of weaned piglets is also reduced from 0.92% to 0.82%. Therefore, the reduction of the stillbirth rate and the improvement of the survival rate of weaned piglets are key factors for improving the reproductive capacity of sows.

In actual breeding production, the insulin resistance of sows in the gestation period is often caused by energy exchange between the mothers and the placentas, so that the placentas are influenced to develop and the reproductive performance is reduced. Especially, in obese sows, intestinal flora is in a disordered state, harmful metabolites such as endotoxin and the like are increased, inflammatory reaction is induced, insulin resistance is aggravated, and pathological insulin resistance is generated. The energy imbalance of the sows with pathological insulin resistance in the gestation period is serious, the fetal pigs cannot obtain sufficient nutrition supply, and meanwhile, the systemic inflammation is generated, so that the health of the sows and the growth and development of the fetal pigs are seriously influenced, and the death rate of piglets and the death rate before weaning are improved. In addition, obese sows can extend the time of delivery, so that piglets suffocate during delivery and the vitality of newborn piglets is insufficient.

In order to solve the problems, in the prior art, the feed and the feeding amount of each stage are refined according to different nutritional requirements of pregnant sows in each stage, and the effects of improving the sugar tolerance of sows and reducing the stillbirth rate of piglets are achieved by controlling the maternal fat condition. However, the method needs to monitor the growth performance of the pregnant woman in the whole process, regulates and controls the ration ratio in real time according to the monitoring result, is relatively complex to operate, and does not fundamentally solve the problem that the fertility of the pregnant woman is reduced due to insulin resistance. Therefore, the invention explores a daily ration fiber for improving the maternal insulin resistance and the placental development by regulating the intestinal flora.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the daily ration fiber for improving the maternal insulin resistance and the placenta development by regulating and controlling the intestinal flora, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a daily ration fiber for improving maternal insulin resistance and placental development by regulating intestinal flora, which has the following physicochemical characteristics: viscosity is more than or equal to 18000 mPas, glucomannan content is more than or equal to 75.0 wt%, pH is 5.0-7.0, water content is less than or equal to 11.0 wt%, and total fiber content is 70.0-72.5 wt%.

Further, the total fiber includes coarse fiber, acid-washed fiber, neutral-washed fiber, insoluble fiber, and soluble fiber.

Furthermore, the content of crude fiber in the daily ration fiber is 3.34-3.48 wt%, the content of acid washing fiber is 3.74-3.78 wt%, the content of neutral washing fiber is 48.17-49.14 wt%, the content of insoluble fiber is 10.8-11.2 wt% and the content of soluble fiber is 60.6-62.0 wt%.

Further, the compound is prepared by the following method:

removing black skin of konjak, cutting into pieces, adding water for soaking for 2-3d, baking the soaked konjak pieces to be 3-4 dry by using sufficient strong charcoal fire, taking out the dried konjak pieces to be completely dried in the sun, and grinding to obtain the daily ration fiber;

adding sulfur powder into the vigorous fire in the baking process, wherein the adding amount of the sulfur powder is 1.5 percent of the weight of the konjak.

The invention also provides application of the daily ration fiber in preparation of feed for breeding animals.

Further, the cultured animal feed can regulate intestinal flora, improve insulin resistance, promote placental development of pregnant organisms and improve reproductive performance of the pregnant organisms.

Further, the regulation of the intestinal flora of the organism is specifically to improve the abundance of intestinal lachnospirillum and reduce the abundance of roseburia.

Further, the addition amount of the daily ration fiber in the feed for the farmed animals is 2-6.5 wt%.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

the daily ration fiber (konjak flour) can effectively improve the insulin resistance of the pregnant sow with high backfat, improve the placenta efficiency and the number of born alive piglets and reduce the stillbirth rate; experiments prove that the dietary fiber can improve insulin resistance and reproductive performance of pregnant women with poor glucose tolerance mediated by intestinal flora, and specifically, the drospirenone enriched by konjac flour can improve insulin resistance and reproductive performance of pregnant women by generating SCFAs to inhibit Rooibos bacteria to damage intestinal barriers and invade placenta tissues. The research result of the invention is expected to clarify the logical relationship between insulin resistance of pregnant parent and intestinal flora, and reveal the action mechanism of konjak flour for regulating and controlling gestational glucose metabolism, thereby providing theoretical basis for improving insulin resistance of parent and further improving reproductive performance of parent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a technical scheme of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of konjac flour on insulin resistance and reproductive performance of pregnant sows at high backfat, where A is the GTT test; b is insulin level; c is the HOME-IR value; d is the weight of the newborn piglet; e is placental efficiency; f is total number born; g is the number born alive; h is the dead tire rate;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of konjac flour on insulin resistance in pregnant females with impaired glucose tolerance, wherein A is GTT; b is ITT; c is serum glucose level; d is serum insulin level; e is the HOME-IR value; f is serum HbA1c level;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of konjaku flour on the intestinal barrier of pregnant dams with poor sugar tolerance, wherein A is the lewd degree of colon; b, colon section and injury degree statistics; c is serum DAO level and LPS level; d is the expression level of the colon intestinal barrier marker protein; e is colon inflammatory factor expression level;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of konjac flour on placental development in pregnant females with poor carbohydrate tolerance, where A is placental LPS level; b is placenta efficiency; c is a section of the placenta maze area and the area ratio of the blood sinuses; d is the expression level of angiogenesis marker protein; e is the expression level of placenta inflammatory factor;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of konjaku flour on intestinal flora of pregnant dams with poor sugar tolerance, wherein A is a PCOA analysis graph; b is beta diversity analysis; c is the relative abundance of the first ten species at the phylum level;

FIG. 7 shows the detection results of different species, where A is LDA analysis and the threshold is ≧ 4; b is a different species; c is correlation analysis; d is the detection of short-chain fatty acid, namely total short-chain fatty acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and isobutyric acid in sequence;

FIG. 8 is a graph of the effect of konjac flour on insulin resistance in a pseudo-sterile pregnant female mouse, where A is the GTT test; b is ITT detection; c is serum glucose level; d is serum insulin level; e is the HOME-IR value; f is serum HbA1c level;

FIG. 9 is a graph of the effect of konjac flour on placental development in a pseudo-aseptic pregnant female mouse, where A is placental LPS level; b is placenta efficiency; c is placenta section, which is the maze area ratio and the blood sinus area ratio respectively;

FIG. 10 is a graph of the effect of konjac flour on the intestinal barrier of a pseudogerm-free pregnant female mouse, where A is the degree of colonic atrophy; b is serum LPS level; c is serum DAO level;

FIG. 11 is a graph of the effect of FMT on insulin resistance in pregnant females with impaired glucose tolerance, wherein A is a GTT test; b is an ITT test; c is serum glucose level; d is serum insulin level; e is the HOME-IR value; f is serum HbA1c level;

FIG. 12 is a graph of the effect of FMT on gut barrier in pregnant dams with sugar intolerance, where A is the degree of colonic atrophy; b is colon inflammatory factor expression level; c is serum LPS and DAO levels; d is colon section, which is mucus secretion amount and goblet cell number; e is the expression level of the intestinal barrier marker protein;

FIG. 13 is a graph of the effect of FMT on placental development in pregnant females with impaired glucose tolerance, wherein A is placental LPS level; b is placenta efficiency; c is placenta section, which is the maze area ratio and the blood sinus area ratio respectively; d is the expression level of angiogenesis marker protein; e is the expression level of placenta inflammatory factor;

FIG. 14 is a graph of the effect of FMT on gut flora in pregnant females with sugar intolerance, where A is the LDA assay; b is the trend analysis of the species of the donor and the acceptor; c is PCOA analysis; d is beta diversity analysis;

FIG. 15 is a graph of the effect of FMT on SCFAs and correlations in pregnant dams with poor carbohydrate tolerance, wherein A, B is a correlation analysis; c is SCFAs level.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The method comprises the following steps of firstly, researching the influence of daily ration fibers on insulin resistance and reproductive performance of pregnant sows at high backfat; furthermore, a mouse model with poor gestational glucose tolerance and intestinal tract pseudo-aseptic is constructed, and the action mechanism of intestinal tract flora mediated daily ration fiber for improving the insulin resistance and reproductive performance of pregnant mothers is explored by means of technologies such as Fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT). The technical route of the invention is shown in figure 1.

Example 1

A daily ration fiber for improving maternal insulin resistance and placental development by modulating the intestinal flora, comprising the following physicochemical properties:

the preparation method of the daily ration fiber comprises the following steps:

removing root hair from picked rhizoma Amorphophalli, scraping black skin with a blade (iron-free knife), slicing, immediately soaking in water for 2-3 days (changing water 2-3 times per day), and dissolving alkaloid in water to avoid toxic residue. After soaking, baking with strong charcoal fire (adding enough carbon for one time to avoid poisoning and cooling), wherein sulfur powder is scattered on the carbon according to 1.5% of the weight of the konjak in the baking process, so that the whiteness of the konjak is improved, and the konjak cannot be fumigated by firework. Baking to dry 3-4, taking out and drying in the sun to obtain the konjac slices. And finally, grinding the konjac pieces, and sieving the ground konjac pieces with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain konjac powder.

The dietary fiber is collectively referred to as konjac flour in the following examples.

Example 2 Effect of Konjac flour on high-backfat pregnant sows

1. Test animal

The invention selects the Changbai or the Dabai sows as test objects. In 60 days of gestation, 66 heads are selected according to gestation and backfat and divided into 3 groups, namely a normal backfat group (NB), a high backfat group (HB) and a high backfat + konjaku flour group (HB + KF), and 22 heads are respectively arranged in each group. The average number of births and body conditions of each group of sows are kept consistent, and each sow is fed in a single row as one repeat.

2. Sample collection and testing method

The pregnant sows are fed with the daily ration for the pregnancy test from 60 days (Day, d), the high backfat group and the normal backfat group are fed with the normal pregnancy material, and the high backfat and konjac flour group is added with 2% of konjac flour in the normal pregnancy material. The experimental diets were designed as equal-energy pregnant diets, with the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and insoluble fiber (ISF) levels being the same for both treatment groups, and the composition and nutrient levels of the diets are as shown in table 1.5 parts per day in the gestation period of 60-107 d: feeding 30 days, limiting feed intake by 2kg/d, starting sows at 107d in the later period of gestation, limiting feed intake by 3kg/d every day, and freely drinking water. Fasting blood was collected at 100d of gestation and subjected to a Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), fresh faeces were collected at 102d, the corresponding placenta was collected at parturition of the sow and sow reproductive performance was recorded: total litter size, viable litter size, dead fetus size, and mummy size.

Wherein the collection of fresh faeces cannot be contaminated: collecting 100g of fresh excrement in a sterile 10ml centrifuge tube, storing in liquid nitrogen, continuously collecting for 3 days, uniformly mixing the excrement for 3 days, taking 100g of excrement sample, placing in a new sterile 10ml centrifuge tube, and storing in the liquid nitrogen for testing.

TABLE 1 diet composition and Nutrition levels

Wherein the nonpregnant premix is provided for each kilogram of daily ration: VA 12000 IU; VD34800 IU; VC is 200 mg; VE 205 mg; VK 3.6 mg; VB13.6 mg; VB212 mg; VB67.2 mg; VB120.048 mg; 30.0mg of pantothenic acid; 48.0mg of nicotinic acid; 8.6mg of folic acid; biotin 0.6 mg; 10.0mg of copper; 130mg of iron; 60mg of zinc; 45mg of manganese; 0.3mg of iodine; cobalt 0.1 mg.

3. Data processing and analysis

The test data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance with SAS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P < 0.05 indicating significant variability and P < 0.01 indicating very significant variability.

4. Test results

(1) Konjac flour effectively improves insulin resistance and reproductive performance of pregnant sows at high backfat

As shown in fig. 2A-C, compared to the pregnant sows in the high backfat group, the Area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) of the pregnant sows in the high backfat + konjac flour group, the Insulin level and the HOME model association-Insulin resistance (HOME-IR) value were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and as can be seen from fig. 2D-H, the placental efficiency, total litter size, and litter size were significantly improved (P < 0.05), while the stillbirth rate of the piglets was significantly reduced (P < 0.05).

Example 3 Effect of konjaku flour on sugar-intolerant pregnant mother mouse

1. Test animal

36C 57BL/6J female mice with the age of 8 weeks and 18C 57BL/6J male mice with the age of 10 weeks (which are purchased from the centers of medical laboratory animals in Guangdong province) are selected and fed with maintenance daily ration (carbohydrate content: 58%, protein content: 18%, fat content: 4.5%) produced by cooperative medical and biological engineering for one week, and the mice begin to establish a glucose intolerance model after being adapted to the environment.

2. Sample collection and testing method

36 female C57 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the principle of consistent body weight, namely a control group (CON), a group with poor sugar tolerance (GIT), and a group with poor sugar tolerance and konjac flour (GIT + KF). In 4 weeks before mating, the GIT group and GIT + KF group were given a high-fat diet (carbohydrate content: 20%, protein content: 20%, fat content: 60%, purchased from cooperative medical biology, jiangsu province) to establish a model of sugar intolerance. The control group was fed with growth and reproduction daily ration (carbohydrate content: 70%, protein content: 20%, fat content: 10%, purchased from cooperative medical biology, Jiangsu province). After successful model building (identified by GTT), male and female mice were treated with 2: 1, 6 in the morning of the next day: 30, vaginal embolus was checked, and female mice in which vaginal embolus was observed were individually housed and determined to be 0.5d (Embryonic 0.5, E0.5) in gestational age of embryo, and female mice that were not pregnant for one week were discarded. During pregnancy, the control group pregnant mice were fed with a growth breeding daily ration, the group with poor sugar tolerance was fed with a high-fat daily ration, and the group with poor sugar tolerance and konjac flour was fed with a high-fat and konjac flour daily ration (6.5% of konjac flour was added to the high-fat daily ration, 20% of carbohydrate, 20% of protein, 60% of fat, purchased from cooperative medical biology, Jiangsu province). The test period is 16.5 days of gestation, a Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) and an Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) are carried out in batches for 15.5 days, a pregnant mouse is anesthetized by using ether at E16.5, blood is collected by eyeball blood collection and the pregnant mouse is sacrificed, and placenta, liver, fat and muscle of the pregnant mouse are collected. The nutrient levels of the feed are shown in table 2.

Wherein the collection of faeces cannot be contaminated: the pregnant mother rat is taken out gently and placed into a clean cage (cleaned in advance and disinfected by alcohol) to stand still for the mother rat to defecate. The mice were removed within 1 minute of the removal of fresh feces by autoclaving with small tweezers, placed in autoclaved sterile 5ml centrifuge tubes, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After all the feces are collected, taking out part of the feces balls to prepare fecal strain suspension for FMT, and storing the rest of the feces balls at-80 ℃ to be tested.

TABLE 2 Nutrition levels of experimental feed for female rats

3. Data processing and analysis

The test data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance with SAS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P < 0.05 indicating significant variability and P < 0.01 indicating very significant variability.

4. Test results

(1) Konjac flour improves insulin resistance of pregnant mother mouse with glucose intolerance

As shown in FIGS. 3A-F, the AUC, HOME-IR value, and serum Glycated hemoglobin level (HbA 1c) of the sugar intolerant + gestating mother mice GTT and ITT in the konjac group were all significantly decreased (P < 0.05) relative to the sugar intolerant group.

(2) Konjac flour for improving impaired intestinal barrier of pregnant mother rats with glucose intolerance

As shown in fig. 4A-E, the degree of colon injury, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Diamine oxidase (DAO) levels in serum of the sugar intolerant + konjac pregnant dams were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) and colonic intestinal mucus secretion, goblet cell number and intestinal barrier marker protein expression levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) relative to the sugar intolerant group.

(3) Konjac flour for improving placenta development of pregnant female rats with glucose intolerance

As shown in FIGS. 5A-E, the placental LPS level and the inflammatory level of pregnant dams of the group of sugar intolerance + konjaku flour group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the placental efficiency, the maze area ratio, the blood sinus area ratio, and the angiogenesis marker protein were significantly increased (P < 0.05) relative to the group of sugar intolerance.

(4) Konjac flour for improving intestinal microbial imbalance of pregnant female mice with poor sugar tolerance

As shown in fig. 6A-C, in the PCOA analysis graphs, the control group, the sugar intolerant group, and the sugar intolerant + konjac flour group showed significant segregation, indicating strong differences between the three groups. In the beta diversity analysis, the control group and the sugar intolerance + konjaku flour group were significantly improved (P < 0.05) compared to the sugar intolerance group. At the phylum level, the species of sugar intolerance + first ten of the abundance of konjac flour group gradually returned to the level of the control group.

(5) The obtained Lachnospirillum enriched with rhizoma Amorphophalli powder can improve metabolism syndrome in gestation period by producing acetic acid or propionic acid

As shown in fig. 7A-D, four species that differed between groups were selected from the species with the next subordinate levels of relative abundance of thirty. The species of the species Romboutsia (Romboutsia) is mainly present in intestinal tracts of organisms with poor sugar tolerance and is a pathogenic genus for worsening diabetes, and the relative abundance of the Romboutsia in the sugar-intolerant and konjac group is also significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the results of the present invention. In addition, the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae (NK 4A136 group) was more prominent in the sugar intolerance + konjaku flour group (P < 0.05). In the correlation analysis result, the correlation indexes of the roxburgh and the insulin resistance show strong positive correlation, and the lachnospirium also has obvious negative correlation. In addition, in LDA value analysis, it was found that lachnospira is mainly enriched in the sugar intolerance + konjac flour group, and ralstonia is mainly enriched in the sugar intolerance group. In the SCFAs test, the total SCFAs level of the sugar intolerance + konjaku flour group was found to be significantly increased, especially the level of acetic acid and propionic acid (P < 0.05).

Example 4 Effect of konjaku flour on eliminating intestinal flora of sugar intolerance pregnant female mouse

1. Test animal

36C 57BL/6J female mice with the age of 6 weeks and 18C 57BL/6J male mice with the age of 8 weeks (purchased from the centers of medical laboratory animals in Guangdong province) are selected and fed with maintenance daily ration (carbohydrate content: 58%, protein content: 18%, fat content: 4.5%) produced by cooperative medical and biological engineering for one week, and a glucose intolerance model is established after the mice are adapted to the environment.

2. Sample collection and testing method

After the model is successfully established, the intestinal flora of female mice is eliminated by using antibiotic combination (metronidazole (1g/L), ampicillin (1g/L), neomycin sulfate (1g/L) and vancomycin (0.5g/L)) in drinking water for two weeks to establish a pseudo sterile mouse model, and then cage-combination and mating are carried out. After pregnancy, the grouping, feeding and experimental design were all in accordance with example 3.

3. Data processing and analysis

The test data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance with SAS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P < 0.05 indicating significant variability and P < 0.01 indicating very significant variability.

4. Test results

(1) After eliminating intestinal flora, the effect of konjaku flour in improving insulin resistance disappears

As shown in FIGS. 8A-F, when the intestinal flora was successfully cleared by antibiotics, there was no significant decrease (P > 0.05) in AUC, HOME-IR value, serum Glycated hemoglobin level (HbA 1c) of sugar intolerant + T and ITT in the konjac pregnant mother mice compared to the sugar intolerant group.

(2) After eliminating intestinal flora, the pre-placental development effect of the konjac powder is eliminated

As shown in FIGS. 9A-C, when the intestinal flora was successfully cleared by antibiotics, there was no significant change in the placental LPS level, placental efficiency, maze area ratio, and blood sinus area ratio of the pregnant mother mice of the sugar intolerance + konjac group (P > 0.05) relative to the sugar intolerance group.

(3) After eliminating intestinal flora, the ability of konjaku flour to regulate intestinal injury disappears

As shown in FIGS. 10A-C, when the intestinal flora was successfully cleared by antibiotics, there was no significant change in the serum LPS level, DAO level and degree of colonic atrophy (P > 0.05) in the sugar intolerant + Amorphophallus konjac group relative to the sugar intolerant group.

Example 5 Effect of fecal Mushroom transplantation technique (FMT) on sugar-intolerant pregnant females

1. Test animal

A model of a pseudo-sterile glucose intolerant mouse was established in agreement with the procedure of example 4.

2. Sample collection and testing method

FMT: placing fresh feces into sterile centrifuge tube, dissolving with sterilized normal saline at a ratio of 1mg/ml, shaking, mixing, centrifuging at 1300rmp,4 deg.C for 5min, and sucking supernatant for intragastric administration.

After the model was established, the bacterial solution prepared using the fresh feces of pregnant females in example 3 was transplanted into a pseudo-sterile glucose intolerance mouse model, and the mice were bred in cages four weeks after colonization. After the pregnancy of the female mouse, the grouping and experiment design is consistent with that of example 3.

3. Data processing and analysis

The test data were collated with Excel software and analyzed for one-way variance with SAS program. All data were examined for normality and were examined for non-conformity to normal distribution using Kruskal-wallis. The subjects with significant differences were subjected to Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results are expressed as mean. + -. standard error, with 0.05 < P < 0.10 indicating a statistically variable trend, P < 0.05 indicating significant variability and P < 0.01 indicating very significant variability.

4. Test results

(1) FMT enables insulin resistance of pregnant female mouse with improvement of glucose intolerance to reappear

As shown in FIGS. 11A-F, after FMT, the AUC, HOME-IR, and serum Glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA 1c) of GTT and ITT of the sugar intolerant + konjaku flour pregnant dams were all significantly reduced (P < 0.05) relative to the sugar intolerant group.

(2) FMT reproduces the effects of improving impaired intestinal barrier

As shown in FIGS. 12A-E, after FMT, the degree of colon damage, LPS and DAO levels in serum were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in pregnant dams of the sugar intolerant + konjaku flour group, while colonic intestinal mucus secretion, goblet cell number, and intestinal barrier marker protein expression levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) relative to the sugar intolerant group.

(3) FMT reproduces effects of intervention in placental development

As shown in fig. 13A-F, after FMT, the placental LPS levels and inflammation levels of pregnant females in the sugar intolerant + konjac group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) relative to the sugar intolerant group, while the placental efficiency, maze area ratio, blood sinus area ratio, and angiogenesis marker protein were significantly increased (P < 0.05).

(4) FMT improvement of intestinal microbial dysregulation of sugar intolerance pregnant female mice

As shown in fig. 14A-D, the control group, the sugar intolerant group, and the sugar intolerant + konjac group showed significant segregation after FMT, indicating strong differences between the three groups. In the beta diversity analysis, the control group and the sugar intolerance + konjaku flour group were significantly improved (P < 0.05) compared to the sugar intolerance group. In the LDA graph, the lachnospirillum was mainly enriched in the sugar intolerance + konjac group, while the roseburia was mainly enriched in the sugar intolerance group, which is consistent with the results in the analysis in the donor test (fig. 7). In the analysis of the trend of abundance change at the genus level, not only the trend of lachnospira bacteria and ralstonia bacteria was consistent with that of the donor group, but also the trend of lachnospira bacteria was up-regulated in the sugar intolerance + konjac flour group, and was reduced in the sugar intolerance group, whereas ralstonia bacteria was the opposite result.

(5) The enrichment of Tricspirillum into FMT can improve metabolic syndrome in gestation period by producing acetic acid or propionic acid

As shown in fig. 15A-C, in the detection of SCFAs after FMT, a significant increase in the total SCFAs levels, especially acetic and propionic acid levels (P < 0.05), was found for the sugar intolerance + konjac flour group. In addition, in the correlation test, the lachnospira and the rosella are obviously in a negative correlation (P is less than 0.05), and the lachnospira and the SCFAs are in positive correlation, particularly, the lachnospira is obviously enriched when the levels of acetic acid and propionic acid are increased, and the growth and the reproduction of the rosella are inhibited.

In summary, the following steps: gut microbiota-mediated dietary fiber improves maternal insulin resistance and pregnancy outcome. The mechanism is as follows: the Lachnospirillum enriched with konjaku flour improves the metabolic syndrome during pregnancy by producing acetic acid/propionic acid to inhibit the invasion of placenta by the high lipid-induced bacteria which destroy intestinal barrier.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A dietary fiber for improving maternal insulin resistance and placental development by modulating gut flora, comprising the following physico-chemical properties: viscosity is more than or equal to 18000 mPas, glucomannan content is more than or equal to 75.0 wt%, pH is 5.0-7.0, water content is less than or equal to 11.0 wt%, and total fiber content is 70.0-72.5 wt%.

2. The dietary fiber of claim 1, wherein the total fiber comprises coarse fiber, acid washed fiber, neutral washed fiber, insoluble fiber, and soluble fiber.

3. The dietary fiber of claim 2, wherein the dietary fiber comprises 3.34-3.48 wt% of crude fiber, 3.74-3.78 wt% of acid detergent fiber, 48.17-49.14 wt% of neutral detergent fiber, 10.8-11.2 wt% of insoluble fiber and 60.6-62.0 wt% of soluble fiber.

4. The ration fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is obtained by a process comprising:

removing black skin of konjak, cutting into pieces, adding water for soaking for 2-3d, baking the soaked konjak pieces to be 3-4 dry by using sufficient strong charcoal fire, taking out the dried konjak pieces to be completely dried in the sun, and grinding to obtain the daily ration fiber;

adding sulfur powder into the vigorous fire in the baking process, wherein the adding amount of the sulfur powder is 1.5 percent of the weight of the konjak.

5. Use of the dietary fibre according to any of claims 1 to 3 for the preparation of a feed for farm animals.

6. The use of claim 5, wherein said cultured animal feed is capable of modulating the intestinal flora of the body, improving insulin resistance, promoting placental development in pregnant bodies and enhancing reproductive performance.

7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the modulation of the intestinal flora of the body is in particular an increase of the abundance of intestinal Lachnospirillum and a decrease of the abundance of Roseburia.

8. The use according to claim 5, wherein the dietary fibre is added to the farmed animal feed in an amount of 2-6.5 wt%.

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