CN114698534A - Method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltrating irrigation - Google Patents

Method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltrating irrigation Download PDF

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CN114698534A
CN114698534A CN202210276896.0A CN202210276896A CN114698534A CN 114698534 A CN114698534 A CN 114698534A CN 202210276896 A CN202210276896 A CN 202210276896A CN 114698534 A CN114698534 A CN 114698534A
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凌红波
邓晓雅
张广朋
徐生武
白涛
许佳
陈超群
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltrating irrigation, which comprises the steps of S1 obtaining the average value of the buried depth of underground water and the water discharge amount of an ecological gate in a research area in one year; s2, calculating a vegetation normalization index according to the average value of the buried depth of the underground water and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate; s3, calculating the vegetation coverage according to the vegetation normalization index; and S4, judging whether the vegetation coverage is greater than the planning coverage, if so, the vegetation does not need to be recovered, otherwise, adopting branch of a river infiltration wheel irrigation to irrigate the research area to promote the vegetation recovery.

Description

Method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltrating irrigation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of northwest deserts, in particular to a method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltrating irrigation.
Background
In arid regions, when ecological restoration is carried out, the general method is that when the coverage of plants cannot meet the planning requirement, vegetation is planted, and because newly transplanted saplings usually need a longer recovery period to survive and a better environment needs to be maintained in the recovery period to improve the planting survival rate, vegetation recovery is difficult to achieve expectation; at present, a large amount of ecological water conservancy projects can be built in arid regions, water is supplied when plants lack water, and the mode can only relieve the drought of vegetation in the current time period and is difficult to promote the rapid growth of the plants.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation provided by the invention solves the problem that the existing vegetation restoration method can not promote the rapid growth of plants.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the average value of the buried depth of the underground water and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the research area in one year;
s2, calculating a vegetation normalization index according to the average value of the buried depth of the underground water and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate:
Figure BDA0003556139790000011
wherein NI is a vegetation normalization index, x1The average value of the underground water burial depth of the last year; y is1The water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the last year;
s3, calculating the vegetation coverage according to the vegetation normalization index:
VC＝(NI-NDVIsail)/(NDVIveg-NDVIsail)
wherein VC is vegetation coverage; NDVIsail is an NDVI value of a bare land pixel without being covered by plants; NDVIveg is the NDVI value of the whole vegetation coverage pixel;
and S4, judging whether the vegetation coverage is greater than the planning coverage, if so, the vegetation does not need to be recovered, otherwise, adopting branch of a river infiltration wheel irrigation to irrigate the research area to promote the vegetation recovery.
Further, when the vegetation coverage is greater than the planned coverage, a method for promoting the growth of a vegetation trunk is also included:
a1, acquiring the average value of the groundwater burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate of the current year of the research area;
a2, calculating tree ring schedules of plants in the previous year and the previous year according to the average underground water burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate:
Figure BDA0003556139790000021
wherein, i is 1 and 2, 1 represents the last year, and 2 represents the last year; TR (transmitter-receiver)1And TR2Tree ring schedules of the last year and the last year respectively; x is the number of1And x2The average values of the underground water burial depths of the previous year and the previous year respectively; y is1And y2The water discharge amounts of the ecological gates in the last year and the ecological gates in the last year are respectively set;
a3, judging whether the difference between the water discharge amounts of the ecological gates in the last year and the last year is larger than a preset threshold value, if so, stabilizing the vegetation growth speed; otherwise go to step A4;
a4, starting an ecological gate to drain water to irrigate a research area in the vigorous growth period of the vegetation trunk, irrigating for a preset time according to preset flow, and then naturally recovering the vegetation.
Further, the construction method of the tree ring annual table adopted in the relational construction process of the tree ring annual table, the average value of the buried depth of the groundwater and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the step A2 is as follows:
a21, selecting adult populus euphratica with the diameter at breast height of 30-50 cm within a preset distance range from a river bank; and each tree obtains sample cores by a cross method, and the number of the sample cores is 2N;
a22, taking the populus diversifolia core sample back to a laboratory for pasting, fixing and polishing, and then measuring the annual ring width by using a LINTABTM6 tree annual ring measuring instrument;
a23, adopting COFECHA cross dating quality control program to carry out cross dating inspection and growth amount correction;
and A24, after the annual ring width is corrected, constructing a standard chronology by adopting an ARSTAN program.
Further, the tree ring chronology construction method further comprises the step of fitting the tree ring width sequence in the standard chronology by adopting a negative exponential curve or a straight line without a positive slope.
Further, methods for regulating vegetation restoration based on branch of a river osmotic rotation irrigation also include methods for promoting plant diversity growth:
b1, acquiring a tree ring chronology of the plants in the previous year, and calculating the leakage amount of the river channel in the previous year:
Figure BDA0003556139790000031
wherein Y is the leakage water volume of the last year; x is a radical of a fluorine atom1Is the tree ring chronology of the previous year;
b2, calculating the runoff volume of the previous year according to the seepage volume of the previous year:
Z＝0.0116Y2-1.6082Y+73.9783，R2＝0.88
wherein Z is the runoff of the last year;
b3, judging whether the runoff of the previous year is larger than the preset runoff, if so, introducing water to the research area in an ecological gate drainage mode, and lifting the groundwater level of the research area to promote the diversified growth of plants.
Further, the method for recovering the vegetation by irrigating the research area by branch of a river infiltration wheel irrigation further comprises the following steps:
s41, adopting branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation to irrigate the research area for a preset time, and adopting a stable isotope mass spectrometer to measure the maximum planting area in the research areaDelta of plants of (1)13A C ratio;
s42, according to delta13C ratio, calculating the water utilization ratio WUE of the plant by adopting a stable carbon isotope method;
Figure BDA0003556139790000041
wherein, delta13CaTo study delta in air in a region13A C ratio; h is CO2Fractionation during leaf diffusion; b is carbon isotope fractionation in the plant carboxylation process; delta13CpIs delta in plant tissue13A C ratio; VPD is the difference between the steam pressure inside and outside the blade; e is the saturated vapor pressure at the same temperature; e is the actual vapor pressure;
s43, judging whether the water utilization rate is larger than a preset utilization rate, if so, stopping branch of a river infiltrating irrigation in the current year, and waiting for vegetation recovery; otherwise, return to step S41.
Further, delta in said plant tissue13The C ratio is calculated as:
δ13Cp＝δ13Ca-h-(b-h)G/K
wherein G is intercellular CO of plant leaf2Concentration; k is CO in the atmosphere of the investigation region2And (4) concentration.
Further, the calculation formula of the saturated water vapor pressure E at the same temperature is as follows:
E＝0.611×1017.502T/(240.97+T)
wherein T is the air temperature.
Further, the calculation formula of the saturated water vapor pressure E at the same temperature is:
E＝e/RH
wherein e is the actual vapor pressure; RH is the relative humidity of the air.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the vegetation coverage of the scheme is calculated based on the average buried depth of underground water and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate, so that sufficient water sources can be provided for the vegetation by accurately representing the water supply in the last year, and the existing vegetation can be ensured to grow rapidly;
on the basis, whether the vegetation coverage reaches the requirement is determined, and when the vegetation coverage does not reach the requirement, branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation is adopted, so that a water source can be further supplemented to the research area to raise the underground water level, and herbaceous plants or shrubs close to the ground surface have sufficient water source to grow rapidly, so that the vegetation coverage of the research area is improved;
after branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation, the underground water reserve is increased, when the original plant in the research area has more sufficient water source, the longer root system does not need to grow to search the water source, and more nutrients can be put on the part above the plant surface for rapid growth, so as to promote the rapid growth of vegetation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for regulating vegetation restoration based on branch of a river wheel irrigation.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
In the scheme, the basic connotation of branch of a river infiltration wheel irrigation is mainly embodied in five aspects of 'guiding, overflowing, infiltrating, storing and rotating'.
(1) The 'diversion' means ecological diversion, namely ecological diversion in areas far away from a dry flow river channel and high in terrain is realized by means of reservoirs, river channels, ecological gates, channels, branch rivers, low-water-head movable pump stations and the like, and irrigation control and radiation areas are enlarged.
(2) The term "flood" refers to the formation of a flood irrigation mode in the main channel and ditch branch of a river to promote the seed to be planted and germinate.
(3) "ooze" refers to the ecological water delivery mode of face form by channel and river branch in the ecological water delivery process, and surface water passes through channel, branch river infiltration earth's surface, maintains the good living condition of vegetation, improves ecosystem's quality and stability.
(4) "store up" and indicate the water storage in the underground, the groundwater is raised through the supplementary groundwater of channel, branch river in the ecological water conveying in-process promptly, and the water storage reduces invalid surface of water evaporation in the underground, improves ecological water's utilization efficiency.
(5) The 'rotation' refers to rotation irrigation of vegetation, which is embodied in that branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation areas are partitioned step by step in the water delivery period, the water demand of each level of ecological partition is calculated according to the phenological characteristics of drought-resistant vegetation and the underground water level condition of the area, and the irrigation sequence of each partition is discharged according to the protection and restoration priority sequence. In principle, rotation irrigation is sequentially carried out from the most water-deficient subarea, indexes such as water drainage sequence, flow rate, duration time and the like of the ecological gate are fed back and adjusted, and ecological protection and restoration targets of targeted irrigation, target area irrigation and full irrigation are gradually realized in a plurality of scheduling periods.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river wheel irrigation, and as shown in fig. 1, the method S includes steps S1 to S4.
In step S1, acquiring the average value of the groundwater burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate of the research area in one year;
in step S2, calculating a vegetation normalization index according to the average value of the groundwater burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate:
Figure BDA0003556139790000061
wherein NI is a vegetation normalization index, x1The average value of the underground water burial depth of the last year; y is1The water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the last year;
in step S3, vegetation coverage is calculated from the vegetation normalization index:
VC＝(NI-NDVIsail)/(NDVIveg-NDVIsail)
wherein VC is vegetation coverage; NDVIsail is an NDVI value of a bare land pixel without being covered by plants; NDVIveg is the NDVI value of the whole vegetation coverage pixel;
in step S4, it is determined whether the vegetation coverage is greater than the planned coverage, if so, the vegetation does not need to be restored, otherwise, branch of a river infiltrating irrigation is used to irrigate the research area to promote vegetation restoration.
The vegetation area that the last year water source can be kept in the representation that this scheme can be accurate through the groundwater buried depth average value of last year and the vegetation coverage that ecological floodgate volume of draining obtained, and the data of calculating like this are more accurate, when carrying out vegetation restoration, can make the planning strategy of making more accurate.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the vegetation coverage is greater than the planned coverage, further comprising a method of promoting the growth of a vegetation trunk:
a1, acquiring the average value of the groundwater burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate of the current year of the research area;
a2, calculating tree ring schedules of plants in the previous year and the previous year according to the average underground water burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate:
Figure BDA0003556139790000071
wherein, i is 1 and 2, 1 represents the last year, and 2 represents the last year; TR (transmitter-receiver)1And TR2Tree ring schedules of the last year and the last year respectively; x is the number of1And x2The average values of the underground water burial depths of the previous year and the previous year respectively; y is1And y2The water discharge amounts of the ecological gates in the last year and the ecological gates in the last year are respectively set;
a3, judging whether the difference between the water discharge amounts of the ecological gates in the last year and the last year is larger than a preset threshold value, if so, stabilizing the vegetation growth speed; otherwise go to step A4;
a4, starting an ecological gate to drain water to irrigate the research area in the vigorous growth period (7-8 months) of the vegetation trunk, irrigating for a preset time according to a preset flow, and then naturally recovering the vegetation.
Whether this scheme passes through the tree ring chronology can confirm the vegetation and increase fast in adjacent two years' next year to this confirms the condition that vegetation grows the recovery, supplies water on this basis and promotes the growth of vegetation trunk, in order to reach the fast growth of vegetation.
In the implementation, the preferable step A2 of the method for constructing the tree ring chronology adopted in the relational construction process of the tree ring chronology, the average value of the buried depth of the groundwater and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate comprises the following steps:
a21, selecting N adult poplars with the diameter at breast height of 30-50 cm within a preset distance range from a river bank; and 2N sample cores are obtained from each tree by a cross method;
a22, taking the populus diversifolia core sample back to a laboratory for pasting, fixing and polishing, and then measuring the annual ring width by using a LINTABTM6 tree annual ring measuring instrument;
a23, adopting COFECHA cross dating quality control program to carry out cross dating inspection and growth amount correction;
and A24, after the annual ring width is corrected, constructing a standard chronology by adopting an ARSTAN program.
In the standard chronology construction process, the LINTABTM6 tree ring determinator can ensure the accuracy of cross dating, and the accuracy is as high as 0.001 mm.
The construction method of the tree ring chronology in the scheme also comprises the step of fitting a tree ring width sequence in a standard chronology by adopting a negative exponential curve or a straight line without a positive slope; fitting can be performed to more reserve the low-frequency variance so as to remove the growth trend of the tree.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method for regulating vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation further comprises a method for promoting plant diversity growth:
b1, acquiring a tree ring chronology of the plants in the previous year, and calculating the leakage amount of the river channel in the previous year:
Figure BDA0003556139790000081
wherein Y is the leakage water volume in the last year; x is the number of1The tree ring chronology of the previous year;
b2, calculating the runoff volume of the previous year according to the seepage volume of the previous year:
Z＝0.0116Y2-1.6082Y+73.9783，R2＝0.88
wherein Z is the runoff of the last year;
b3, judging whether the runoff of the previous year is larger than the preset runoff, if so, introducing water to the research area in an ecological gate drainage mode, and lifting the groundwater level of the research area to promote the diversified growth of plants.
According to the scheme, the leakage amount is calculated through the tree ring chronology to predict the growth condition of the plant, and the accuracy is high; the leakage amount is calculated by the method, and the workload of calculating the leakage amount is greatly reduced compared with the collection of complex data of the source inflow amount, the diversion amount (mainly for diversion of national economy), the river water loss amount (including evaporation, infiltration and overflow running of the river water amount) and the water return amount (for agricultural water return amount) of the river channel.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for recovering vegetation by irrigating a research area with branch of a river wheel-infiltration irrigation further comprises:
s41, irrigating the research area for a preset time by adopting branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation, and measuring the delta of the plants with the largest planting area in the research area by adopting a stable isotope mass spectrometer13C ratio:
δ13Cp＝δ13Ca-h-(b-h)G/K
wherein G is intercellular CO of plant leaf2Concentration; k is CO in the atmosphere of the investigation region2And (4) concentration.
S42, according to delta13C ratio, calculating the water utilization WUE of the plant by adopting a stable carbon isotope method;
Figure BDA0003556139790000091
wherein, delta13CaTo study delta in air in a region13A C ratio; h is CO2Fractionation during leaf diffusion; b is carbon isotope fractionation in the plant carboxylation process; delta13CpIs delta in plant tissue13A C ratio;VPD is the difference between the steam pressure inside and outside the blade; e is the saturated vapor pressure at the same temperature; e is the actual vapor pressure;
s43, judging whether the water utilization rate is larger than a preset utilization rate, if so, stopping branch of a river infiltrating irrigation in the current year, and waiting for vegetation recovery; otherwise, return to step S41.
According to the scheme, the utilization rate of the plants to water can be determined whether the underground water reserve reaches the amount of the plants growing rapidly after current branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation, so that whether branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation is continued or not is determined, and the vegetation recovery process is guaranteed to have sufficient water sources.
In this scheme, two calculation modes of saturated vapor pressure E at the same temperature are provided, and the first mode is as follows: e ═ 0.611 × 1017.502T/(240.97+T)And T is the air temperature.
The second implementation manner is as follows: e is E/RH, E is the actual water vapor pressure; RH is the relative humidity of the air.
The first implementation mode of the saturated water vapor pressure E is calculated only on the basis of real-time air temperature, more data do not need to be acquired, and the workload is lower; the data collected by the second implementation is primarily real-time, although slightly more data is needed, but the calculations are more accurate.
In conclusion, the vegetation coverage of vegetation with better growth vigor can be obtained through accurate water supply in the last year, and branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation water replenishing is carried out on the basis of the vegetation coverage to promote the rapid growth of superficial surface plants, so that the rapid recovery of vegetation in the research area is achieved.

Claims (9)

1. A method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltrating irrigation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring the average value of the buried depth of the underground water and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the research area in one year;
s2, calculating a vegetation normalization index according to the average value of the buried depth of the underground water and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate:
Figure FDA0003556139780000011
R2＝0.96
wherein NI is a vegetation normalization index, x1The average value of the underground water burial depth of the last year; y is1The water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the last year;
s3, calculating the vegetation coverage according to the vegetation normalization index:
VC＝(NI-NDVIsail)/(NDVIveg-NDVIsail)
wherein VC is vegetation coverage; NDVIsail is an NDVI value of a bare land pixel without being covered by plants; NDVIveg is the NDVI value of the whole vegetation coverage pixel;
and S4, judging whether the vegetation coverage is greater than the planning coverage, if so, the vegetation does not need to be recovered, otherwise, adopting branch of a river infiltration wheel irrigation to irrigate the research area to promote the vegetation recovery.
2. The method of adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river wheel irrigation according to claim 1, further comprising when vegetation coverage is greater than planned coverage, a method of promoting vegetation trunk growth:
a1, acquiring the average value of the groundwater burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate of the current year of the research area;
a2, calculating tree ring schedules of plants in the previous year and the previous year according to the average underground water burial depth and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate:
Figure FDA0003556139780000012
R2＝0.79
wherein, i is 1 and 2, 1 represents the last year, and 2 represents the last year; TR (transmitter-receiver)1And TR2Tree ring chronology of the last year and the last year respectively; x is the number of1And x2The average values of the underground water burial depths of the last year and the last year respectively; y is1And y2The water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the last year and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the last year are respectively;
a3, judging whether the difference between the water discharge amounts of the ecological gates in the last year and the last year is larger than a preset threshold value, if so, stabilizing the vegetation growth speed; otherwise go to step A4;
a4, starting an ecological gate to drain water to irrigate a research area in the vigorous growth period of the vegetation trunk, irrigating for a preset time according to preset flow, and then naturally recovering the vegetation.
3. The method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltrating irrigation and rotating irrigation according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing the tree ring annual table adopted in the process of constructing the relational expression of the tree ring annual table, the average value of the buried depth of the groundwater and the water discharge amount of the ecological gate in the step A2 is as follows:
a21, selecting N adult poplars with the diameter at breast height of 30-50 cm within a preset distance range from a river bank; and each tree obtains sample cores by a cross method, and the number of the sample cores is 2N;
a22, taking the populus diversifolia core sample back to a laboratory for pasting, fixing and polishing, and then measuring the annual ring width by using an annual ring measuring instrument of a LINTABTM6 type tree;
a23, adopting COFECHA cross dating quality control program to carry out cross dating inspection and growth amount correction;
and A24, after the annual ring width is corrected, constructing a standard chronology by adopting an ARSTAN program.
4. The method of adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river arbor irrigation according to claim 3 further comprising fitting a tree wheel width sequence in a standard annual table with negative exponential curves or straight lines without positive slopes.
5. The method for regulating vegetation restoration based on branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by further comprising the method of promoting plant diversity growth:
b1, acquiring a tree ring chronology of the plants in the previous year, and calculating the leakage amount of the river channel in the previous year:
Figure FDA0003556139780000021
R2＝0.81
wherein Y is the leakage water volume of the last year; x is the number of1Is as followsA tree ring chronology of one year;
b2, calculating the runoff volume of the previous year according to the seepage volume of the previous year:
Z＝0.0116Y2-1.6082Y+73.9783，R2＝0.88
wherein Z is the runoff of the last year;
and B3, judging whether the runoff of the last year is larger than the preset runoff, if so, introducing water to the research area in an ecological gate drainage mode, and lifting the underground water level of the research area to promote the diversified growth of plants.
6. The method of regulating vegetation restoration based on branch of a river arbor-rotating irrigation according to claim 1, wherein the method of vegetation restoration by watering a study area with branch of a river arbor-rotating irrigation further comprises:
s41, irrigating the research area for a preset time by adopting branch of a river infiltration rotation irrigation, and measuring the delta of the plants with the largest planting area in the research area by adopting a stable isotope mass spectrometer13A C ratio;
s42, according to delta13C ratio, calculating the water utilization WUE of the plant by adopting a stable carbon isotope method;
Figure FDA0003556139780000031
VPD＝E-e
wherein, delta13CaTo study delta in air in a region13A C ratio; h is CO2Fractionation during leaf diffusion; b is carbon isotope fractionation in the plant carboxylation process; delta13CpIs delta in plant tissue13A C ratio; VPD is the difference between the steam pressure inside and outside the blade; e is the saturated vapor pressure at the same temperature; e is the actual vapor pressure;
s43, judging whether the water utilization rate is larger than a preset utilization rate, if so, stopping branch of a river infiltrating irrigation in the current year, and waiting for vegetation recovery; otherwise, return to step S41.
7. The branch of a river-infiltration-wheel-irrigation-based adjusted vegetation restoration of claim 6A method of treating a plant characterized by inducing expression of delta in said plant tissue13The C ratio is calculated as:
δ13Cp＝δ13Ca-h-(b-h)G/K
wherein G is intercellular CO of plant leaf2Concentration; k is CO in the atmosphere of the investigation region2And (4) concentration.
8. The method for adjusting vegetation restoration based on branch of a river percolation wheel irrigation as claimed in claim 6, wherein the saturated water vapor pressure E at the same temperature is calculated by the following formula:
E＝0.611×1017.502T/(240.97+T)
wherein T is the air temperature.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the saturated water vapor pressure E at the same temperature is calculated by the formula:
E＝e/RH
wherein e is the actual vapor pressure; RH is the relative humidity of the air.
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