CN114694463B

CN114694463B - Single slit diffraction experimental instrument

Info

Publication number: CN114694463B
Application number: CN202210485632.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许雪艳; 马慧; 佘雪晴
Original assignee: Chaohu University
Current assignee: Chaohu University
Priority date: 2022-05-06
Filing date: 2022-05-06
Publication date: 2022-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-06
Also published as: CN114694463A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of physical experiments, and particularly relates to a single-slit diffraction experimental instrument which comprises a slide way, wherein the top end of the slide way is connected with a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat in a sliding manner, the top end of the first connecting seat is fixedly provided with a driving module, the driving end of the driving module is fixedly connected with a rectangular frame, the driving module is used for driving the rectangular frame to horizontally move, the top end of the second connecting seat is fixedly provided with a receiving plate, one end of the slide way is fixedly provided with a supporting seat, the top end of the supporting seat is fixedly provided with an irradiation module, the driving module can drive the rectangular frame to horizontally move by being provided with the driving module, the driving module can be an electric telescopic rod, and a single slit with gradually increased width is arranged on a light blocking plate in a matching manner, so that in the experimental process, the width of the irradiated single slit can be changed by only driving the rectangular frame to move through a driving assembly, the adjustment process is greatly facilitated, and the operation difficulty is reduced.

Description

Single slit diffraction experimental instrument

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of physical experiments, and particularly relates to a single slit diffraction experimental instrument.

Background

Single slit diffraction is a phenomenon that light encounters an obstacle during propagation, and light waves continue to propagate by bypassing the obstacle. Diffraction phenomena are most pronounced if the wavelength is comparable to or larger than the size of the slot, hole or obstruction.

A chinese patent with publication number CN108877437a discloses a single slit diffraction experimental apparatus, which comprises a bottom plate, an LED lamp and a display plate, wherein the display plate is fixed at the left end of the bottom plate through a first supporting rod, and slits formed by the LED lamp, the display plate and two telescopic rods are connected into a straight line through a sliding rod; the experiment of single slit diffraction is convenient; a plurality of image factors of single slit diffraction can all be considered, a good demonstration effect can be provided for students, and the memory of each factor of single slit diffraction is deepened.

The existing single-slit diffraction experimental instrument has some defects, the existing experimental equipment is inconvenient to the adjustment of slit width, the operation process is complex, in the long-term storage process of the equipment, dust and impurities in the outside air easily pollute the light blocking plate, and the deviation of the measurement result is caused.

Therefore, the invention provides a single slit diffraction experimental instrument.

Disclosure of Invention

To remedy the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one of the technical problems set forth in the background is addressed.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a single-slit diffraction experimental instrument which comprises a slide way, wherein the top end of the slide way is connected with a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat in a sliding mode, the top end of the first connecting seat is fixedly provided with a driving module, the driving end of the driving module is fixedly connected with a rectangular frame, the driving module is used for driving the rectangular frame to move horizontally, the top end of the second connecting seat is fixedly provided with a receiving plate, one end of the slide way is fixedly provided with a supporting seat, the top end of the supporting seat is fixedly provided with an irradiation module, the irradiation module is used for emitting test light, the middle part of the rectangular frame is fixedly provided with a glass sheet, the outer side of the glass sheet is provided with a light blocking plate, the outer side of the light blocking plate is provided with a plurality of single slits, the widths of the single slits are gradually increased from one end to the other end, the driving module can drive the rectangular frame to move horizontally, the driving module can be an electric telescopic rod, and is matched with the light blocking plate to be provided with the large single slits with gradually increased widths, so that in the experiment process, the width can be changed by driving the rectangular frame to move through the driving component, the adjustment process is greatly facilitated, and the operation difficulty is reduced.

Preferably, the outside four sides of rectangle frame all rotate and are connected with the shielding plate, the shielding plate is the rectangle setting, and the width of shielding plate is greater than half of the width of rectangle frame, the one end of shielding plate is provided with drive assembly, drive assembly is used for driving the shielding plate and rotates, rotates the shielding plate of connecting through setting up four, after the experiment, drives the shielding plate through drive assembly and rotates, lets the shielding plate and the rectangle frame of two homonymies form a triangular prism shape, can effectually reduce the problem that external dust and debris pollute and hinder the board, has improved the accuracy of experimental data.

Preferably, a plurality of expansion bags are fixedly mounted on one side of the shielding plate by the upper end and the lower end, the inner side of each expansion bag is hollow, each expansion bag is made of elastic materials, two groups of compressed air cylinders are clamped on the other side of the shielding plate, a transmission assembly is connected between each compressed air cylinder and each expansion bag and used for transmitting air in the compressed air cylinders to the corresponding expansion bag, when the shielding plate is in contact with each other in work, the compressed air cylinders are opened, the air in the compressed air cylinders enters the expansion bags through the transmission assemblies, the top ends and the bottom ends of the shielding plates can be sealed along with expansion of the expansion bags, all the four sides of the rectangular frame can be sealed through the arrangement, when equipment is placed, the problem that light blocking plates are polluted by external dust is solved, and when an experiment room is needed, only the air in the expansion bags needs to be released, the expansion bags are contracted, the four shielding plates are rotated outwards, the experiment can be carried out again, and the expansion bags which do not occupy large space, so that the normal operation of the experiment cannot be hindered.

Preferably, drive assembly includes two gear one, the one end fixed mounting of gear one has servo motor, and two sets of servo motor divide by the inside at both ends about being located the rectangle frame, the outside of gear one is provided with the driving plate that two sets of centrosymmetry set up, driving plate and the inboard sliding connection of rectangle frame, and the outside fixed mounting of driving plate has a plurality of latch, driving plate and the meshing of gear one, the shielding plate is close to the one end fixed mounting of rectangle frame has gear two, and two sets of gear two of homonymy all mesh with the outside of rectangle frame each other, and in operation, when controlling opening and closing of shielding plate, only need start servo motor and drive gear one and rotate, can drive two driving plates and carry out outside or inside slip, at the meshing of cooperation gear two and driving plate tip, just can drive opening and shutting of two sets of shielding plates simultaneously, let the operation process become light swift.

Preferably, the shielding plate is kept away from the outward flange fixed mounting of gear two and is filled up with the extrusion, the extrusion is filled up and is rectangular shape setting, and the extrusion is filled up and is elastic material, and the during operation, when the shielding plate of homonymy is close to the contact each other, the setting of the elastic extrusion of cooperation fills up not only can provide the buffering, reduces the rigidity collision between two shielding plates, can also let the extrusion fill up by the extrusion deformation when the shielding plate contacts each other simultaneously, increases its leakproofness, reduces the invasion of external dust, has further guaranteed the cleanness of light blocking plate.

Preferably, the top and the bottom of shielding plate all are indent arc setting, the inflation bag is located indent arc's turn department, and the outside fixed mounting of inflation bag has flexible extrusion cotton, and the during operation, the setting of indent arc about the cooperation shielding plate can let the inflation bag to the off-center position expand, restricts the inflation position of inflation bag, reduces a plurality of inflation bags inflation everywhere, leads to the problem that top and bottom seal do not target in place, and extrudes cotton setting, can further increase the leakproofness, when letting the inflation bag contact each other, plug up remaining space.

Preferably, the transmission assembly comprises two groups of transmission pipes, the two groups of transmission pipes are located inside the shielding plate and are arranged in parallel, a plurality of air outlet pipes are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the transmission pipes and are communicated with the inner sides of the expansion bags, a bifurcated pipe is fixedly mounted at one end of each transmission pipe, the other end of the bifurcated pipe is provided with two branches, one branch is communicated with the outside, the other branch is communicated with the compression gas cylinder, two valve assemblies are arranged in the middle of the bifurcated pipe, the valve assemblies control the communication state of the bifurcated pipe, when the expansion bags are required to expand, only the valve assemblies of the bifurcated pipe and the compression gas cylinder need to be opened and the valve assemblies of the bifurcated pipe and the outside are closed simultaneously, air in the compression gas cylinder can enter the transmission pipes through the bifurcated pipe and is transmitted to all the expansion bags through the air outlet pipes, when experiments are required, only the valve assemblies of the bifurcated pipe and the compression gas cylinder need to be closed and then the valve assemblies of the bifurcated pipe and the outside are opened, and air in the expansion bags can be discharged, and the effects of controlling the expansion and contraction of the expansion bags can be achieved.

Preferably, the valve member includes the extrusion arm, the equal fixedly connected with hose in the middle part of two bifurcation ends of bifurcated pipe, two sets of extrusion grooves have been seted up to the inboard of shielding plate, hose and extrusion arm all are located the inboard in extrusion groove, extrusion arm and one end fixed mounting have the bull stick, the bull stick rotates with the shielding plate to be connected, and one side of bull stick is provided with rotating assembly, rotating assembly is rotatory owing to driving the bull stick, and during operation, when needing the inflation bag inflation, only need rotating assembly to drive the bull stick and rotate, lets the extrusion arm wherein bifurcated pipe extrude with the hose of external intercommunication, simultaneously because the rotation of extrusion arm, the hose that bifurcated pipe and compressed gas cylinder are connected this moment is released by the extrusion arm, and the air in the compressed gas cylinder just can enter into the inflation bag smoothly this moment, when needing the inflation bag shrink, only need reverse the extrusion arm, lets the hose that is loosened originally by the extrusion, just can let the inflation bag normally exhaust, through this kind of setting, has made things convenient for operation process greatly, and the work of gas transmission and exhaust can be realized to the rotation of control bull stick.

Preferably, the rotating assembly comprises a swing rod, the swing rod is positioned at the inner side of the extrusion pads, one end of the swing rod is fixedly connected with the outer side of the rotating rod, when the two extrusion pads are contacted during working, the extrusion pads are extruded and bent, the swing rod is driven to rotate, the rotating rod is driven to rotate, after the extrusion pads are separated from each other, the elastic material of cooperation extrusion pad can drive the pendulum rod playback, and then drives bull stick and extrusion arm playback, through this kind of setting, just need not to set up other power supplies, lets the inflation bag can trigger the inflation effect of admitting air when two shielding plate contacts, gives vent to anger when two shielding plates keep away from and contracts, not only need not to consume other energy, and has realized the fixed point and has triggered the effect.

Preferably, the extrusion arm is the wave setting, and the one end fixed mounting that the bull stick was kept away from to the extrusion arm has the magnetite, fixed mounting has the iron sheet on the inside wall of extrusion groove, and the during operation, the structure setting of cooperation extrusion arm lets the extrusion arm swing in-process can fully extrude the hose that corresponds, can not cause the extrusion to another hose simultaneously, and the setting of magnetite and iron sheet can guarantee that the inflation bag is when aerifing, and the hose of giving vent to anger is fully extruded, guarantees that the inflation bag can expand smoothly.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the single-slit diffraction experimental instrument, the driving module is arranged, the driving module can drive the rectangular frame to horizontally move, the driving module can be an electric telescopic rod and is matched with the light blocking plate to be provided with the single slit with the gradually increased width, so that in the experimental process, the width of the single slit irradiated by light can be changed only by driving the rectangular frame to move through the driving assembly, the adjustment process is greatly facilitated, and the operation difficulty is reduced.

2. According to the single-slit diffraction experimental instrument, the four shielding plates are rotatably connected, after an experiment is finished, the driving assembly drives the shielding plates to rotate, the two shielding plates and the rectangular frame which are on the same side form a triangular prism, the problem that the light blocking plate is polluted by external dust and impurities can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of experimental data is improved.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the connection of the rectangular frame and the shielding plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the shield and the bladder of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the shutter of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the shutter of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the pressing arm of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a slideway; 2. a first connecting seat; 3. a second connecting seat; 4. receiving a plate; 5. a rectangular frame; 6. an illumination module; 7. a supporting base; 8. a first gear; 9. a drive plate; 10. a shielding plate; 11. a compressed gas cylinder; 12. pressing the cushion; 13. an inflation bladder; 14. extruding cotton; 15. a swing rod; 16. extruding a groove; 17. a hose; 18. a rotating rod; 19. a squeezing arm; 20. a conveying pipe; 21. a bifurcated tube; 22. and a light blocking plate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the single slit diffraction experimental apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a slide 1, a first connecting seat 2 and a second connecting seat 3 are slidably connected to a top end of the slide 1, a driving module is fixedly mounted on a top end of the first connecting seat 2, a rectangular frame 5 is fixedly connected to a transmission end of the driving module, the driving module is configured to drive the rectangular frame 5 to move horizontally, a receiving plate 4 is fixedly mounted on a top end of the second connecting seat 3, a supporting seat 7 is fixedly mounted at one end of the slide 1, an irradiation module 6 is fixedly mounted on a top end of the supporting seat 7, the irradiation module 6 is configured to emit test light, a glass sheet is fixedly mounted in a middle of the rectangular frame 5, a light blocking plate 22 is disposed on an outer side of the glass sheet, a plurality of single slits are disposed on an outer side of the light blocking plate 22, widths of the plurality of single slits are gradually increased from one end to the other end, when the apparatus operates, a light beam is emitted by the irradiation module 6, the light beam passes through the single slit disposed on the light blocking plate 22, the light blocking plate is irradiated on the receiving plate 4 to observe, a very large single slit, a diffraction experimental result can be observed by the single slit, a diffraction experiment can be obtained by changing a driving module, a single slit driving module is convenient operation, a single slit driving module, a large driving module is required driving module, a driving module is required to move, a large distance is required to be driven operation process, and a large distance of the single slit driving module is obtained, and a large driving module is required to be driven operation in a large distance of the single slit in an experiment result, and a manual operation process.

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, four sides of the outer side of the rectangular frame 5 are rotatably connected with shielding plates 10, the shielding plates 10 are arranged in a rectangular shape, the width of each shielding plate 10 is larger than half of the width of the rectangular frame 5, one end of each shielding plate 10 is provided with a driving assembly, the driving assemblies are used for driving the shielding plates 10 to rotate, when the device works, since the width of a single slit in a single slit experiment is usually narrow, if the device is stored for a long time, dust and impurities in the outside air easily pollute the light blocking plate 22, and the measurement result is deviated.

As shown in fig. 3, one side of the shielding plate 10 is close to the upper end and the lower end, and is fixedly provided with a plurality of expansion bladders 13, the inner side of each expansion bladder 13 is arranged in a hollow manner, and each expansion bladder 13 is made of an elastic material, two groups of compressed air cylinders 11 are clamped on the other side of the shielding plate 10, a transmission assembly is connected between each compressed air cylinder 11 and each expansion bladder 13, and is used for transmitting air in each compressed air cylinder 11 to each expansion bladder 13, when the shielding plate 10 is in mutual contact with each other in work, the compressed air cylinders 11 are opened, the air in the compressed air cylinders 11 enters the expansion bladders 13 through the transmission assembly, the top end and the bottom end of the shielding plate 10 can be sealed along with the expansion of the expansion bladders 13, all the four sides of the rectangular frame 5 can be sealed through the arrangement, when the equipment is placed, the light blocking plate 22 is polluted by external dust, the laboratory is needed to be carried out, the air in the expansion bladders 13 is only needed to be released, the expansion bladders 13 are contracted, the four shielding plates 10 are opened outwards, the experiment can be carried out again, and the contracted expansion bladders 13 cannot occupy a large space, so that the experiment cannot be hindered normally carried out.

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the driving assembly includes two first gears 8, one end fixed mounting of the first gear 8 has a servo motor, two sets of servo motors are respectively located inside the upper and lower ends of the rectangular frame 5, the outer side of the first gear 8 is provided with two sets of driving plates 9 arranged in a central symmetry manner, the driving plates 9 are connected with the inner side of the rectangular frame 5 in a sliding manner, and the outer side of the driving plates 9 is fixedly provided with a plurality of clamping teeth, the driving plates 9 are meshed with the first gears 8, the shielding plates 10 are close to one end fixed mounting of the rectangular frame 5 and are provided with two gears, the two sets of gears on the same side are meshed with the outer side of the rectangular frame 5, and when the shielding plates 10 are controlled to be opened and closed, the servo motor is only needed to be started to drive the first gears 8 to rotate, so that the two driving plates 9 can be driven to slide outwards or inwards, and the meshing between the ends of the two gears and the driving plates 9 can drive the two sets of the shielding plates 10 to open and close at the same time, so that the operation process becomes easy and quick.

As shown in fig. 2 to 4, outer edge fixed mounting that the baffle plate 10 kept away from gear two has the extrusion pad 12, the extrusion pad 12 is rectangular shape setting, and the extrusion pad 12 is elastic material, and during operation, when the baffle plate 10 of homonymy is close to the contact each other, the setting of the elastic extrusion pad 12 of cooperation not only can provide the buffering, reduces the rigid collision between two baffle plates 10, can also let the extrusion pad 12 by extrusion deformation when the baffle plate 10 contacts each other simultaneously, increases its leakproofness, reduces the invasion of external dust, has further guaranteed the cleanness of light blocking plate 22.

As shown in fig. 3, the top and the bottom of shielding plate 10 all are the setting of indent arc, inflation bag 13 is located indent arc's turn department, and inflation bag 13's outside fixed mounting has flexible extrusion cotton 14, in operation, cooperation shielding plate 10 is concave arc setting from top to bottom, can let inflation bag 13 expand to the off-center position, restrict inflation position to inflation bag 13, reduce the inflation of a plurality of inflation bags 13 everywhere, lead to the problem that top and bottom seal do not target in place, and extrusion cotton 14's setting, can further increase the leakproofness, when letting inflation bag 13 contact each other, plug up remaining space.

As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the transmission assembly includes two groups of transmission pipes 20, the two groups of transmission pipes 20 are both located inside the shielding plate 10, and the two groups of transmission pipes 20 are arranged in parallel, the outer side of the transmission pipe 20 is fixedly connected with a plurality of air outlet pipes, the air outlet pipes are communicated with the inner side of the expansion bag 13, one end of the transmission pipe 20 is fixedly provided with a bifurcated pipe 21, the other end of the bifurcated pipe 21 is provided with two branches, one branch is communicated with the outside, the other branch is communicated with the compressed gas bottle 11, the middle part of the bifurcated pipe 21 is provided with two valve assemblies, the valve assemblies control the communication state of the bifurcated pipe 21, when the expansion bag 13 needs to be expanded, only the valve assemblies of the bifurcated pipe 21 and the compressed gas bottle 11 need to be opened, and the bifurcated pipe 21 and the valve assemblies of the outside are closed at the same time, so that the air in the compressed gas bottle 11 can enter the transmission pipe 20 through the air outlet pipes and be transmitted to all the bifurcated expansion bags 13, and when experiments need to be performed, only the valve assemblies of the bifurcated pipe 21 and the compressed gas bottle 11 need to be closed, and then the bifurcated pipe 21 and the valve assemblies of the expanded gas bottle 13 can be opened, so that the expansion bag can be controlled.

As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the valve assembly includes a squeezing arm 19, a hose 17 is fixedly connected to the middle of two branch ends of the branch pipe 21, two sets of squeezing grooves 16 are formed in the inner side of the shielding plate 10, the hose 17 and the squeezing arm 19 are both located in the squeezing grooves 16, a rotating rod 18 is fixedly mounted on one end of the squeezing arm 19, the rotating rod 18 is rotatably connected to the shielding plate 10, and a rotating component is disposed on one side of the rotating rod 18, the rotating component drives the rotating rod 18 to rotate when the inflation bag 13 is required to be inflated, so that the squeezing arm 19 squeezes the hose 17, in which the branch pipe 21 is communicated with the outside, and meanwhile, due to the rotation of the squeezing arm 19, the hose 17, in which the branch pipe 21 is connected to the compressed air bottle 11, is released by the squeezing arm 19, the air in the compressed air bottle 11 can smoothly enter the inflation bag 13, when the inflation bag 13 is required to be deflated, the squeezing arm 19 is only required to be rotated reversely, so that the squeezed hose 17 is released originally, the inflation bag 17 can be squeezed, the inflation bag 13 can be normally operated, and the exhaust operation can be conveniently controlled by the rotation of the rotating rod 18.

As shown in fig. 4, the rotating assembly includes a swing rod 15, the swing rod 15 is located inside the extrusion pads 12, one end of the swing rod 15 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating rod 18, and when the two extrusion pads 12 are in contact, the extrusion pads 12 can be extruded and bent, and the swing rod 15 is driven to rotate, so that the rotating rod 18 is driven to rotate, after the extrusion pads 12 are separated from each other, the elastic material of the extrusion pads 12 is matched, the swing rod 15 can be driven to return, and the rotating rod 18 and the extrusion arm 19 are driven to return, through the arrangement, no other power source needs to be arranged, the expansion bag 13 can trigger the air inlet expansion effect when the two shielding plates 10 are in contact, the air outlet contraction is realized when the two shielding plates 10 are far away from, no other energy sources need to be consumed, and the fixed-point trigger effect is realized.

Example two

As shown in fig. 6, a first comparative example, in which another embodiment of the present invention is: extrusion arm 19 is the wave setting, and extrusion arm 19 keeps away from the one end fixed mounting of bull stick 18 has the magnetite, fixed mounting has the iron sheet on the inside wall of extrusion groove 16, and the during operation, the structure setting of cooperation extrusion arm 19 lets extrusion arm 19 swing in-process can fully extrude the corresponding hose 17, can not cause the extrusion to another hose 17 simultaneously, and the setting of magnetite and iron sheet can guarantee that expansion bag 13 is when aerifing, and the hose 17 of giving vent to anger is fully extruded, guarantees that expansion bag 13 can expand smoothly.

When the device works, the irradiation module 6 emits light beams, the light beams pass through the single slit formed in the light blocking plate 22, the transmitted light beams are irradiated on the receiving plate 4 to be observed, and then the single slit diffraction experiment of the light can be carried out, in the experiment process, the width of the single slit needs to be changed, different experiment results are obtained, but the distance of the single slit needs to be manually adjusted by a common instrument, so that the operation process is very inconvenient, the driving module is arranged, the driving module can drive the rectangular frame 5 to horizontally move, the driving module can be an electric telescopic rod, and the width increasing single slit is formed in the light blocking plate 22 in a matching manner, so that in the experiment process, the width of the single slit irradiated with the light can be changed only by driving the driving module to drive the rectangular frame 5 to move, the adjustment process is greatly facilitated, and the operation difficulty is reduced; when the device works, the width of a single slit in a single slit experiment is usually narrow, if the device is stored for a long time, dust and impurities in the outside air easily pollute the light blocking plate 22, so that the measurement result is deviated, and if the dust enters the device, the dust is difficult to clean, the problem that the outside dust and the impurities pollute the light blocking plate 22 can be effectively reduced by arranging the four shielding plates 10 which are rotatably connected and driving the shielding plates 10 to rotate through the driving assembly after the experiment is finished, so that the two shielding plates 10 on the same side and the rectangular frame 5 form a triangular prism, and the accuracy of experimental data is improved; when the device works, when the two shielding plates 10 are in contact with each other, the compressed gas bottle 11 is opened, air in the compressed gas bottle 11 enters the plurality of expansion bags 13 through the transmission assembly, the top end and the bottom end of each shielding plate 10 can be sealed along with the expansion of the expansion bags 13, all four sides of the rectangular frame 5 can be sealed through the arrangement, the problem that external dust pollutes the light blocking plate 22 when equipment is placed is greatly reduced, and in a laboratory needing to be carried out, only the air in the expansion bags 13 needs to be released, the expansion bags 13 are contracted, and then the four shielding plates 10 are rotated outwards, so that the experiment can be carried out again, the contracted expansion bags 13 do not occupy a large space, and the normal running of the experiment cannot be hindered; when the automatic opening and closing device works, when the shielding plates 10 are controlled to be opened and closed, only the servo motor is started to drive the gear I8 to rotate, the two transmission plates 9 can be driven to slide outwards or inwards, and the two groups of shielding plates 10 can be driven to be opened and closed at the same time by matching the meshing of the gear II and the end parts of the transmission plates 9, so that the operation process becomes easy and quick; when the baffle plates 10 on the same side are close to each other and contact with each other, the arrangement of the elastic extrusion pad 12 is matched, so that the buffer can be provided, the rigid collision between the two baffle plates 10 is reduced, and meanwhile, the extrusion pad 12 can be extruded and deformed when the baffle plates 10 are in contact with each other, the sealing performance is improved, the invasion of external dust is reduced, and the cleanness of the light blocking plate 22 is further ensured; when the device works, the shielding plate 10 is matched with the arc-shaped inward concave upper and lower parts, so that the expansion bags 13 can expand towards the eccentric position, the expansion positions of the expansion bags 13 are limited, the problem that the top end and the bottom end are not sealed in place due to the fact that the expansion bags 13 expand everywhere is solved, the sealing performance can be further improved due to the arrangement of the extrusion cotton 14, and when the expansion bags 13 are in contact with each other, the residual gaps are blocked; when the device works, when the expansion bag 13 needs to be expanded, air in the compression gas bottle 11 can enter the transmission pipe 20 through the bifurcated pipe 21 and be transmitted to all the expansion bags 13 through the air outlet pipe by opening the valve components of the bifurcated pipe 21 and the compression gas bottle 11 and closing the bifurcated pipe 21 and the external valve components at the same time, and when an experiment needs to be carried out, air in the expansion bag 13 can be discharged by closing the valve components of the bifurcated pipe 21 and the compression gas bottle 11 and opening the bifurcated pipe 21 and the external valve components, so that the effect of controlling the expansion and contraction of the expansion bag 13 is realized; when the expansion bag 13 is required to be expanded, the rotating rod 18 is driven to rotate only by the rotating component, the branch pipe 21 in the expansion bag is extruded by the extruding arm 19 through the hose 17 communicated with the outside, meanwhile, due to the rotation of the extruding arm 19, the hose 17 connected with the branch pipe 21 and the compressed gas cylinder 11 is released by the extruding arm 19, the air in the compressed gas cylinder 11 can smoothly enter the expansion bag 13, when the expansion bag 13 is required to be contracted, the extruded hose 17 is released only by reversing the extruding arm 19, and the originally released hose 17 is extruded, so that the expansion bag 13 can normally exhaust air; the during operation, when two cushions 12 take place the contact, can make cushion 12 be extrudeed crooked, and then drive pendulum rod 15 and rotate, thereby it is rotatory to drive bull stick 18, after cushion 12 alternate segregation, the elastic material of cooperation cushion 12, can drive pendulum rod 15 playback, and then drive bull stick 18 and extrusion arm 19 playback, through this kind of setting, just need not to set up other power supplies, let inflation bag 13 can trigger the inflation effect of admitting air when two shielding plates 10 contact, give vent to anger when two shielding plates 10 keep away from and contract, not only need not to consume other energy, and realized the fixed point and triggered the effect.

The front, the back, the left, the right, the upper and the lower are all based on figure 1 in the attached drawings of the specification, according to the standard of the observation angle of a person, the side of the device facing an observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and the like.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The foregoing has shown and described the fundamental principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the foregoing description only to illustrate the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument, its characterized in that: the device comprises a slide way (1), wherein the top end of the slide way (1) is connected with a first connecting seat (2) and a second connecting seat (3) in a sliding manner, the top end of the first connecting seat (2) is fixedly provided with a driving module, the driving end of the driving module is fixedly connected with a rectangular frame (5), the driving module is used for driving the rectangular frame (5) to move horizontally, the top end of the second connecting seat (3) is fixedly provided with a receiving plate (4), one end of the slide way (1) is fixedly provided with a supporting seat (7), the top end of the supporting seat (7) is fixedly provided with an irradiation module (6), the irradiation module (6) is used for emitting test light, the middle part of the rectangular frame (5) is fixedly provided with a glass sheet, the outer side of the glass sheet is provided with a light blocking plate (22), the outer side of the light blocking plate (22) is provided with a plurality of single seams, and the width of the single seams is gradually increased from one end to the other end;

the four sides of the outer side of the rectangular frame (5) are respectively and rotatably connected with a shielding plate (10), the shielding plates (10) are arranged in a rectangular shape, the width of each shielding plate (10) is larger than half of the width of the rectangular frame (5), one end of each shielding plate (10) is provided with a driving assembly, and the driving assemblies are used for driving the shielding plates (10) to rotate;

the air compressor is characterized in that a plurality of expansion bags (13) are fixedly mounted on one side of the shielding plate (10) by means of the upper end and the lower end, the inner sides of the expansion bags (13) are arranged in a hollow mode, the expansion bags (13) are made of elastic materials, two groups of compressed air bottles (11) are connected to the other side of the shielding plate (10) in a clamped mode, transmission assemblies are connected between the compressed air bottles (11) and the expansion bags (13), and the transmission assemblies are used for transmitting air in the compressed air bottles (11) to the expansion bags (13).

2. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the drive assembly includes two gear one (8), the one end fixed mounting of gear one (8) has servo motor, and two sets of servo motor divide by the inside that is located both ends about rectangle frame (5), the outside of gear one (8) is provided with driving plate (9) that two sets of centrosymmetry set up, driving plate (9) and the inboard sliding connection of rectangle frame (5), and the outside fixed mounting of driving plate (9) has a plurality of latch, driving plate (9) and gear one (8) meshing, the one end fixed mounting that shielding plate (10) are close to rectangle frame (5) has gear two, two sets of gear two of homonymy all with the outside intermeshing of rectangle frame (5).

3. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 2, wherein: the outer edge of the shielding plate (10) far away from the second gear is fixedly provided with an extrusion pad (12), the extrusion pad (12) is arranged in a long strip shape, and the extrusion pad (12) is made of elastic materials.

4. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 3, wherein: the top and the bottom of shielding plate (10) all are the setting of indent arc, inflation bag (13) are located indent arc's turn department, and the outside fixed mounting of inflation bag (13) has flexible extrusion cotton (14).

5. The single slit diffraction instrument as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the transmission assembly comprises two groups of transmission pipes (20), wherein the two groups of transmission pipes (20) are located inside the shielding plate (10), the two groups of transmission pipes (20) are arranged in parallel, a plurality of air outlet pipes are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the transmission pipes (20), the air outlet pipes are communicated with the inner sides of the expansion bags (13), one end of each transmission pipe (20) is fixedly provided with a branch pipe (21), the other end of each branch pipe (21) is provided with two branches, one branch is communicated with the outside, the other branch end of each branch pipe is communicated with the compressed gas cylinder (11), the middle of each branch pipe (21) is provided with two valve assemblies, and the valve assemblies are used for controlling the communication state of the branch pipes (21).

6. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 5, wherein: the valve member includes extrusion arm (19), equal fixedly connected with hose (17) in the middle part of two branch ends of bifurcated pipe (21), two sets of extrusion groove (16) have been seted up to the inboard of shielding plate (10), hose (17) and extrusion arm (19) all are located the inboard of extrusion groove (16), extrusion arm (19) and one end fixed mounting have bull stick (18), bull stick (18) rotate with shielding plate (10) and are connected, and one side of bull stick (18) is provided with runner assembly, the runner assembly is rotatory owing to drive bull stick (18).

7. The single slit diffraction instrument as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the rotating assembly comprises a swing rod (15), the swing rod (15) is located on the inner side of the extrusion pad (12), and one end of the swing rod (15) is fixedly connected with the outer side of the rotating rod (18).

8. The single slit diffraction instrument as claimed in claim 7, wherein: extrusion arm (19) are the wave setting, and extrusion arm (19) keep away from the one end fixed mounting of bull stick (18) and have the magnetite, fixed mounting has the iron sheet on the inside wall in extrusion groove (16).