CN114694463A - Single slit diffraction experimental instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of physical experiments, in particular to a single-slit diffraction experimental instrument which comprises a slideway, wherein the top end of the slideway is slidably connected with a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat, the top end of the first connecting seat is fixedly provided with a driving module, the driving end of the driving module is fixedly connected with a rectangular frame, the driving module is used for driving the rectangular frame to horizontally move, the top end of the second connecting seat is fixedly provided with a receiving plate, one end of the slideway is fixedly provided with a supporting seat, the top end of the supporting seat is fixedly provided with an irradiation module, the driving module can drive the rectangular frame to horizontally move by arranging the driving module, the driving module can be an electric telescopic rod, and the driving module is matched with a light blocking plate to be provided with a single slit with gradually increased width, so that in the experimental process, the width of the irradiated single slit can be changed by only driving the rectangular frame to move through a driving assembly, greatly facilitating the adjusting process and reducing the operation difficulty.

Description

Single slit diffraction experimental instrument

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of physical experiments, and particularly relates to a single slit diffraction experimental instrument.

Background

Single slit diffraction is a phenomenon that light encounters an obstacle during propagation, and light waves continue to propagate by bypassing the obstacle. Diffraction phenomena are most pronounced if the wavelength is comparable to or larger than the size of the slot, hole or obstruction.

A chinese patent with publication number CN108877437A discloses a single slit diffraction experimental apparatus, which comprises a bottom plate, an LED lamp and a display panel, wherein the display panel is fixed at the left end of the bottom plate through a first supporting rod, and the LED lamp, the display panel and a slit formed by two telescopic rods are connected into a straight line through a sliding rod; the experiment of single slit diffraction is convenient; a plurality of image factors of single slit diffraction can all be considered, a good demonstration effect can be provided for students, and the memory of each factor of single slit diffraction is deepened.

The existing single-slit diffraction experimental instrument has some defects, the existing experimental equipment is inconvenient to adjust the slit width, the operation process is complex, in the long-term storage process of the equipment, dust and impurities in the outside air easily pollute the light blocking plate, and the measurement result is deviated.

Therefore, the invention provides a single slit diffraction experimental instrument.

Disclosure of Invention

To remedy the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one of the technical problems set forth in the background is addressed.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a single-slit diffraction experimental instrument which comprises a slideway, wherein the top end of the slideway is connected with a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat in a sliding way, the top end of the first connecting seat is fixedly provided with a driving module, the driving end of the driving module is fixedly connected with a rectangular frame, the driving module is used for driving the rectangular frame to move horizontally, the top end of the second connecting seat is fixedly provided with a receiving plate, one end of the slideway is fixedly provided with a supporting seat, the top end of the supporting seat is fixedly provided with an irradiation module, the irradiation module is used for emitting test light, the middle part of the rectangular frame is fixedly provided with a glass sheet, the outer side of the glass sheet is provided with a light blocking plate, the outer side of the light blocking plate is provided with a plurality of single slits, the widths of the single slits are gradually increased from one end to the other end, and the driving module can drive the rectangular frame to move horizontally, the drive module can be electric telescopic handle, sets up the width on the cooperation hinders the worn-out fur and increases progressively big single seam for in the experimentation, only need drive the rectangle frame through drive assembly and remove, just can realize changing the width of the single seam of light irradiation, made things convenient for accommodation process greatly, reduced the operation degree of difficulty.

Preferably, the outside four sides of rectangle frame all rotate and are connected with the shielding plate, the shielding plate is the rectangle setting, and the width of shielding plate is greater than half of the width of rectangle frame, the one end of shielding plate is provided with drive assembly, drive assembly is used for driving the shielding plate and rotates, rotates the shielding plate of connecting through setting up four, after the experiment, drives the shielding plate through drive assembly and rotates, lets the shielding plate and the rectangle frame of two homonymies form a triangular prism shape, can effectually reduce the problem that external dust and debris pollute and hinder the board, has improved the accuracy of experimental data.

Preferably, a plurality of expansion bags are fixedly installed on one side of the shielding plate by the upper end and the lower end, the inner side of each expansion bag is hollow, each expansion bag is made of elastic material, two groups of compressed air cylinders are clamped on the other side of the shielding plate, a transmission assembly is connected between each compressed air cylinder and each expansion bag and used for transmitting air in the compressed air cylinders into the corresponding expansion bag, when the shielding plate is in work, the two shielding plates are in contact with each other, the compressed air cylinders are opened, the air in the compressed air cylinders enters the expansion bags through the transmission assemblies, the top ends and the bottom ends of the shielding plates can be sealed along with expansion of the expansion bags, all the four sides of the rectangular frame can be sealed through the arrangement, the problem that external dust pollutes the light blocking plate when equipment is placed is greatly reduced, and only the air in the expansion bags needs to be released when the equipment is required to be tested, let the expansion bag shrink, outwards rotate four shielding plates again and open, can carry out the experiment again, the expansion bag of shrink can not occupy great space, consequently can not hinder the normal clear of experiment.

Preferably, the driving assembly comprises two first gears, one end of the first gear is fixedly provided with a servo motor, two groups of servo motors are respectively positioned inside the upper end and the lower end of the rectangular frame, two groups of driving plates which are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner are arranged outside the first gear, the driving plates are in sliding connection with the inner side of the rectangular frame, a plurality of clamping teeth are fixedly arranged outside the driving plates, the driving plates are meshed with the first gears, one end of each shielding plate close to the rectangular frame is fixedly provided with a second gear, the two groups of second gears at the same side are mutually meshed with the outer side of the rectangular frame, when the driving assembly works, when the shielding plates are controlled to be opened and closed, only the servo motor is needed to be started to drive the first gears to rotate, the two driving plates can be driven to slide outwards or inwards, and the two groups of shielding plates can be simultaneously driven to open and close by matching the meshing of the ends of the second gears and the driving plates, the operation process becomes easy and fast.

Preferably, the shielding plate is kept away from the outward flange fixed mounting of gear two and is had the dummy block, the dummy block is rectangular shape setting, and the dummy block is elastic material, and the during operation, when the shielding plate of homonymy is close to the contact each other, the setting of cooperation elastic dummy block not only can provide the buffering, reduces the rigid collision between two shielding plates, can also let the dummy block be squeezed and deformed when the shielding plate contacts each other simultaneously, increases its leakproofness, reduces the invasion of external dust, has further guaranteed the cleanness of light blocking plate.

Preferably, the top and the bottom of shielding plate all are the setting of indent arc, the inflation bag is located indent curved turn department, and the outside fixed mounting of inflation bag has flexible extrusion cotton, and the during operation, the setting of indent arc about the cooperation shielding plate can let the inflation bag to put to the off-centre and expand, restricts the inflation position of inflation bag, reduces a plurality of inflation bags inflation everywhere, leads to the not in place problem of top and bottom seal, and extrudees cotton setting, can further increase the leakproofness, when letting the inflation bag contact each other, plug up remaining space.

Preferably, the transmission assembly comprises two groups of transmission pipes, the two groups of transmission pipes are positioned inside the shielding plate and are arranged in parallel, a plurality of air outlet pipes are fixedly connected to the outer side of the transmission pipes and are communicated with the inner side of the expansion bag, a bifurcated pipe is fixedly installed at one end of the transmission pipes, the other end of the bifurcated pipe is provided with two branches, one branch is communicated with the outside, the bifurcated end of the other branch is communicated with the compressed gas cylinder, two valve components are arranged in the middle of the bifurcated pipe, and when the valve components control the communication state of the bifurcated pipe, when the expansion bag needs to be expanded, air in the compressed gas cylinder can enter the transmission pipes through the bifurcated pipe and is transmitted to all the expansion bags through the air outlet pipes by opening the valve components of the bifurcated pipe and the compressed gas cylinder and closing the valve components of the bifurcated pipe and the outside at the same time, when an experiment is needed, the air in the expansion bag can be discharged only by closing the valve components of the bifurcated pipe and the compressed gas cylinder and opening the valve components of the bifurcated pipe and the outside, and the effect of controlling the expansion and contraction of the expansion bag is achieved.

Preferably, the valve component comprises an extrusion arm, the middle parts of two branch ends of the bifurcated pipe are fixedly connected with hoses, the inner side of the shielding plate is provided with two groups of extrusion grooves, the hoses and the extrusion arms are positioned at the inner sides of the extrusion grooves, the extrusion arm and one end of the extrusion arm are fixedly provided with rotating rods, the rotating rods are rotatably connected with the shielding plate, one side of each rotating rod is provided with a rotating component, the rotating components drive the rotating rods to rotate, when the expansion bag is required to expand during work, only the rotating components drive the rotating rods to rotate, the extrusion arms extrude the hoses in which the bifurcated pipe is communicated with the outside, meanwhile, due to the rotation of the extrusion arms, the hoses in which the bifurcated pipe is connected with the compressed gas cylinder are released by the extrusion arms, the air in the compressed gas cylinder can smoothly enter the expansion bag, when the expansion bag is required to contract, only the extrusion arms are required to be reversed, the extruded hoses are released, the hose that loosens originally is extruded, just can let the inflation bag normally exhaust, through this kind of setting, has made things convenient for the operation process greatly, only needs the rotation of control bull stick can realize the work of gas transmission and exhaust.

Preferably, the runner assembly includes the pendulum rod, the pendulum rod is located the inboard of extrusion pad, the one end of pendulum rod and the outside fixed connection of bull stick, in operation, when two extrusion pads take place the contact, can make the extrusion pad by the extrusion bending, and then drive the pendulum rod and rotate, thereby it is rotatory to drive the bull stick, after the extrusion pad alternate segregation, the elastic material of cooperation extrusion pad, can drive the pendulum rod playback, and then drive bull stick and extrusion arm playback, through this kind of setting, just need not to set up other power supplies, let the inflation bag can trigger the inflation effect of admitting air when two shielding plate contacts, give vent to anger when two shielding plates are kept away from and shrink, not only need not to consume other energy, and realized the fixed point and triggered the effect.

Preferably, the extrusion arm is the wave setting, and the one end fixed mounting that the bull stick was kept away from to the extrusion arm has the magnetite, fixed mounting has the iron sheet on the inside wall of extrusion groove, and the during operation, the structure setting of cooperation extrusion arm lets the extrusion arm swing in-process can fully extrude the hose that corresponds, can not cause the extrusion to another hose simultaneously, and the setting of magnetite and iron sheet can guarantee that the inflation bag is when aerifing, and the hose of giving vent to anger is fully extruded, guarantees that the inflation bag can expand smoothly.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the single-slit diffraction experimental instrument, the driving module is arranged, the driving module can drive the rectangular frame to horizontally move, the driving module can be an electric telescopic rod and is matched with the light blocking plate to be provided with the single slit with the gradually increased width, so that in the experimental process, the width of the single slit irradiated by light can be changed only by driving the rectangular frame to move through the driving assembly, the adjustment process is greatly facilitated, and the operation difficulty is reduced.

2. According to the single-slit diffraction experimental instrument, the four shielding plates are rotatably connected, after an experiment is finished, the driving assembly drives the shielding plates to rotate, the two shielding plates and the rectangular frame which are on the same side form a triangular prism, the problem that the light blocking plate is polluted by external dust and impurities can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of experimental data is improved.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the connection of the rectangular frame and the shielding plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the shield and the bladder of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a shutter according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the shield of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the pressing arm of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a slideway; 2. a first connecting seat; 3. a second connecting seat; 4. receiving a plate; 5. a rectangular frame; 6. an illumination module; 7. a supporting seat; 8. a first gear; 9. a drive plate; 10. a shielding plate; 11. a compressed gas cylinder; 12. pressing the cushion; 13. an inflation bladder; 14. extruding cotton; 15. a swing rod; 16. extruding a groove; 17. a hose; 18. a rotating rod; 19. a pressing arm; 20. a conveying pipe; 21. a bifurcated tube; 22. a light blocking plate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the single slit diffraction experimental apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a slide way 1, a first connecting seat 2 and a second connecting seat 3 are slidably connected to a top end of the slide way 1, a driving module is fixedly mounted on a top end of the first connecting seat 2, a rectangular frame 5 is fixedly connected to a driving end of the driving module, the driving module is used for driving the rectangular frame 5 to move horizontally, a receiving plate 4 is fixedly mounted on a top end of the second connecting seat 3, a supporting seat 7 is fixedly mounted on one end of the slide way 1, an irradiation module 6 is fixedly mounted on a top end of the supporting seat 7, the irradiation module 6 is used for emitting test light, a glass sheet is fixedly mounted in a middle portion of the rectangular frame 5, a light blocking plate 22 is disposed on an outer side of the glass sheet, a plurality of single slits are disposed on an outer side of the light blocking plate 22, and widths of the plurality of single slits gradually increase from one end to the other end, the during operation, send the light beam through irradiation module 6, let the light beam through the single slit of seting up on hindering the board 22, let the light beam that sees through shine on receiving board 4 and observe again, can carry out the single slit diffraction experiment of light, in the experimentation, need change the width of single slit, reach different experimental results, but the distance of general instrument needs manual regulation single slit, it is very inconvenient to lead to operation process, through setting up drive module, drive module can drive rectangle frame 5 and carry out horizontal migration, drive module can be electric telescopic handle, set up the width on the cooperation hinders the board 22 and increase progressively big single slit, make the experimentation, only need drive rectangle frame 5 through drive assembly and remove, just can realize the width that changes the single slit of light irradiation, greatly made things convenient for accommodation process, the operation degree of difficulty has been reduced.

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, four sides of the outer side of the rectangular frame 5 are rotatably connected with shielding plates 10, the shielding plates 10 are arranged in a rectangular shape, the width of each shielding plate 10 is greater than half of the width of the rectangular frame 5, one end of each shielding plate 10 is provided with a driving assembly, the driving assembly is used for driving the shielding plates 10 to rotate, when the device works, since the width of a single slit in a single slit experiment is often narrow, if the device is stored for a long time, dust and impurities in the outside air easily pollute the light blocking plate 22, and thus the measurement result is deviated, and since the width of the single slit is narrow, if the dust enters the light blocking plate 22, the four shielding plates 10 which are rotatably connected are arranged, after the experiment is finished, the driving assembly drives the shielding plates 10 to rotate, so that the two shielding plates 10 and the rectangular frame 5 at the same side form a triangular prism shape, and the problem that the outside dust and impurities pollute the light blocking plate 22 can be effectively reduced, the accuracy of experimental data is improved.

As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of expansion bags 13 are fixedly mounted on one side of the shielding plate 10 by the upper and lower ends, the inner side of each expansion bag 13 is hollow, each expansion bag 13 is made of elastic material, two groups of compressed air cylinders 11 are clamped on the other side of the shielding plate 10, a transmission assembly is connected between each compressed air cylinder 11 and each expansion bag 13 and used for transmitting air in each compressed air cylinder 11 to each expansion bag 13, when the shielding plate 10 is in contact with each other, the compressed air cylinders 11 are opened, the air in the compressed air cylinders 11 enters the expansion bags 13 through the transmission assembly, the top end and the bottom end of the shielding plate 10 can be sealed along with the expansion of the expansion bags 13, all four sides of the rectangular frame 5 can be sealed through the arrangement, and the problem that the light blocking plate 22 is polluted by external dust when the device is placed is greatly reduced, in addition, in a laboratory needing to be carried out, the experiment can be carried out again only by releasing the air in the expansion bag 13, enabling the expansion bag 13 to contract and then rotating the four shielding plates 10 outwards, and the contracted expansion bag 13 does not occupy a large space, so that the normal operation of the experiment is not hindered.

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the driving assembly includes two first gears 8, one end of each first gear 8 is fixedly provided with a servo motor, two sets of servo motors are respectively positioned inside the upper end and the lower end of the rectangular frame 5, two sets of driving plates 9 which are arranged in a central symmetry manner are arranged outside the first gears 8, the driving plates 9 are connected with the inner side of the rectangular frame 5 in a sliding manner, a plurality of clamping teeth are fixedly arranged outside the driving plates 9, the driving plates 9 are meshed with the first gears 8, one end of the shielding plate 10 close to the rectangular frame 5 is fixedly provided with a second gear, the two sets of second gears at the same side are mutually meshed with the outer side of the rectangular frame 5, when the shielding plate 10 is controlled to be opened and closed, only the servo motor is needed to be started to drive the first gears 8 to rotate, the two driving plates 9 can be driven to slide outwards or inwards, and the meshing between the second gears and the ends of the driving plates 9 is matched, the two groups of shielding plates 10 can be driven to open and close at the same time, so that the operation process becomes easy and fast.

As shown in fig. 2 to 4, outer edge fixed mounting that the baffle plate 10 kept away from gear two has the extrusion pad 12, the extrusion pad 12 is rectangular shape setting, and the extrusion pad 12 is elastic material, and during operation, when the baffle plate 10 of homonymy is close to the contact each other, the setting of the elastic extrusion pad 12 of cooperation not only can provide the buffering, reduces the rigid collision between two baffle plates 10, can also let the extrusion pad 12 by extrusion deformation when the baffle plate 10 contacts each other simultaneously, increases its leakproofness, reduces the invasion of external dust, has further guaranteed the cleanness of light blocking plate 22.

As shown in fig. 3, the top and the bottom of shielding plate 10 all are the setting of indent arc, inflation bag 13 is located indent arc's turn department, and inflation bag 13's outside fixed mounting has flexible extrusion cotton 14, in operation, cooperation shielding plate 10 is concave arc setting from top to bottom, can let inflation bag 13 expand to the off-center position, restrict inflation position to inflation bag 13, reduce the inflation of a plurality of inflation bags 13 everywhere, lead to the problem that top and bottom seal do not target in place, and extrusion cotton 14's setting, can further increase the leakproofness, when letting inflation bag 13 contact each other, plug up remaining space.

As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the transmission assembly includes two groups of transmission pipes 20, the two groups of transmission pipes 20 are located inside the shielding plate 10, and the two groups of transmission pipes 20 are arranged in parallel, the outer side of the transmission pipe 20 is fixedly connected with a plurality of air outlet pipes, the air outlet pipes are communicated with the inner side of the expansion bag 13, one end of the transmission pipe 20 is fixedly installed with a branch pipe 21, the other end of the branch pipe 21 is provided with two branches, one branch is communicated with the outside, the other branch is communicated with the compressed gas bottle 11, the middle part of the branch pipe 21 is provided with two valve assemblies, the valve assemblies control the communication state of the branch pipe 21, when the expansion bag 13 is required to be expanded, only the valve assemblies of the branch pipe 21 and the compressed gas bottle 11 are opened, and the valve assemblies of the branch pipe 21 and the outside are closed, so that the air in the compressed gas bottle 11 can enter the transmission pipes 20 through the branch pipe 21, and is transmitted to all the expansion bags 13 through the air outlet pipe, when an experiment needs to be carried out, the air in the expansion bags 13 can be exhausted only by closing the valve components of the branch pipe 21 and the compressed air bottle 11 and opening the valve components of the branch pipe 21 and the outside, and the effect of controlling the expansion and contraction of the expansion bags 13 is realized.

As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the valve assembly includes a pressing arm 19, a flexible tube 17 is fixedly connected to the middle of two diverging ends of the diverging tube 21, two sets of pressing grooves 16 are formed on the inner side of the shielding plate 10, the flexible tube 17 and the pressing arm 19 are both located on the inner side of the pressing grooves 16, a rotating rod 18 is fixedly installed at one end of the pressing arm 19, the rotating rod 18 is rotatably connected to the shielding plate 10, and a rotating component is disposed at one side of the rotating rod 18, and the rotating component drives the rotating rod 18 to rotate, so that when the expansion bag 13 is required to be expanded, the rotating rod 18 is driven to rotate by the rotating component, the pressing arm 19 presses the flexible tube 17, in which the diverging tube 21 is communicated with the outside, and at the same time, due to the rotation of the pressing arm 19, the flexible tube 17, in which the diverging tube 21 is connected to the compressed gas cylinder 11, is released by the pressing arm 19, and the air in the compressed gas cylinder 11 can smoothly enter the expansion bag 13, when the expansion bag 13 needs to be contracted, the extruded hose 17 is loosened only by reversing the extrusion arm 19, the originally loosened hose 17 is extruded, and the expansion bag 13 can normally exhaust air, so that the operation process is greatly facilitated, and the air transmission and exhaust work can be realized only by controlling the rotation of the rotating rod 18.

As shown in fig. 4, the rotating assembly includes a swing rod 15, the swing rod 15 is located inside the extrusion pads 12, one end of the swing rod 15 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating rod 18, in operation, when two extrusion pads 12 are in contact, the extrusion pads 12 can be extruded and bent, and the swing rod 15 is driven to rotate, so as to drive the rotating rod 18 to rotate, after the extrusion pads 12 are separated from each other, the elastic material of the extrusion pads 12 is matched, the swing rod 15 can be driven to return, and the rotating rod 18 and the extrusion arm 19 are driven to return, through the arrangement, other power sources do not need to be set, the expansion bag 13 can trigger the air inlet expansion effect when the two shielding plates 10 are in contact, when the two shielding plates 10 are far away from, the air outlet contraction does not need to consume other energy sources, and the fixed-point triggering effect is realized.

Example two

As shown in fig. 6, a first comparative example, in which another embodiment of the present invention is: extrusion arm 19 is the wave setting, and extrusion arm 19 keeps away from the one end fixed mounting of bull stick 18 has the magnetite, fixed mounting has the iron sheet on the inside wall of extrusion groove 16, and the during operation, the structure setting of cooperation extrusion arm 19 lets extrusion arm 19 swing in-process can fully extrude the corresponding hose 17, can not cause the extrusion to another hose 17 simultaneously, and the setting of magnetite and iron sheet can guarantee that expansion bag 13 is when aerifing, and the hose 17 of giving vent to anger is fully extruded, guarantees that expansion bag 13 can expand smoothly.

When the device works, the irradiation module 6 emits light beams, the light beams pass through the single slit formed in the light blocking plate 22, the transmitted light beams are irradiated on the receiving plate 4 to be observed, and then the single slit diffraction experiment of the light can be carried out, in the experiment process, the width of the single slit needs to be changed, different experiment results are obtained, but the distance of the single slit needs to be manually adjusted by a common instrument, so that the operation process is very inconvenient, the driving module is arranged, the driving module can drive the rectangular frame 5 to horizontally move, the driving module can be an electric telescopic rod, and the width increasing single slit is formed in the light blocking plate 22 in a matching manner, so that in the experiment process, the width of the single slit irradiated with the light can be changed only by driving the driving module to drive the rectangular frame 5 to move, the adjustment process is greatly facilitated, and the operation difficulty is reduced; when the device works, the width of a single slit in a single slit experiment is usually narrow, if the device is stored for a long time, dust and impurities in the outside air easily pollute the light blocking plate 22, so that the measurement result is deviated, and if the dust enters the device, the dust is difficult to clean, the problem that the outside dust and the impurities pollute the light blocking plate 22 can be effectively reduced by arranging the four shielding plates 10 which are rotatably connected and driving the shielding plates 10 to rotate through the driving assembly after the experiment is finished, so that the two shielding plates 10 on the same side and the rectangular frame 5 form a triangular prism, and the accuracy of experimental data is improved; when the device works, when the two shielding plates 10 are in contact with each other, the compressed gas bottle 11 is opened, air in the compressed gas bottle 11 enters the expansion bags 13 through the transmission assembly, the top end and the bottom end of each shielding plate 10 can be sealed along with expansion of the expansion bags 13, all four sides of the rectangular frame 5 can be sealed through the arrangement, the problem that the light blocking plate 22 is polluted by outside dust when the device is placed is greatly reduced, in addition, in a laboratory needing to be carried out, only the air in the expansion bags 13 needs to be released, the expansion bags 13 are contracted, the four shielding plates 10 are rotated outwards, the experiment can be carried out again, the contracted expansion bags 13 cannot occupy a large space, and therefore, the normal operation of the experiment cannot be hindered; when the automatic opening and closing device works, when the shielding plates 10 are controlled to be opened and closed, only the servo motor is started to drive the gear I8 to rotate, the two transmission plates 9 can be driven to slide outwards or inwards, and the two groups of shielding plates 10 can be driven to be opened and closed simultaneously by matching with the meshing of the gear II and the end parts of the transmission plates 9, so that the operation process becomes easy and quick; when the baffle plates 10 on the same side are close to each other and contact with each other, the elastic extrusion pad 12 is arranged, so that the buffer effect can be provided, the rigid collision between the two baffle plates 10 can be reduced, and meanwhile, the extrusion pad 12 can be extruded and deformed when the baffle plates 10 are in contact with each other, the sealing performance of the baffle plates can be improved, the invasion of external dust can be reduced, and the cleanness of the light blocking plate 22 can be further ensured; when the device works, the shielding plate 10 is matched with the arc-shaped inward concave upper and lower parts, so that the expansion bags 13 can expand towards the eccentric position, the expansion positions of the expansion bags 13 are limited, the problem that the top end and the bottom end are not sealed in place due to the fact that the expansion bags 13 expand everywhere is solved, the sealing performance can be further improved due to the arrangement of the extrusion cotton 14, and when the expansion bags 13 are in contact with each other, the residual gaps are blocked; when the device works, when the expansion bag 13 needs to be expanded, air in the compression gas bottle 11 can enter the transmission pipe 20 through the bifurcated pipe 21 and be transmitted to all the expansion bags 13 through the air outlet pipe by opening the valve components of the bifurcated pipe 21 and the compression gas bottle 11 and closing the bifurcated pipe 21 and the external valve components at the same time, and when an experiment needs to be carried out, air in the expansion bag 13 can be discharged by closing the valve components of the bifurcated pipe 21 and the compression gas bottle 11 and opening the bifurcated pipe 21 and the external valve components, so that the effect of controlling the expansion and contraction of the expansion bag 13 is realized; when the expansion bag 13 is required to be expanded, the rotating rod 18 is driven to rotate only by the rotating component, the branch pipe 21 in the expansion bag is extruded by the extruding arm 19 through the hose 17 communicated with the outside, meanwhile, due to the rotation of the extruding arm 19, the hose 17 connected with the branch pipe 21 and the compressed gas cylinder 11 is released by the extruding arm 19, the air in the compressed gas cylinder 11 can smoothly enter the expansion bag 13, when the expansion bag 13 is required to be contracted, the extruded hose 17 is released only by reversing the extruding arm 19, and the originally released hose 17 is extruded, so that the expansion bag 13 can normally exhaust air; the during operation, when two cushions 12 take place the contact, can make cushion 12 be extrudeed crooked, and then drive pendulum rod 15 and rotate, thereby it is rotatory to drive bull stick 18, after cushion 12 alternate segregation, the elastic material of cooperation cushion 12, can drive pendulum rod 15 playback, and then drive bull stick 18 and extrusion arm 19 playback, through this kind of setting, just need not to set up other power supplies, let inflation bag 13 can trigger the inflation effect of admitting air when two shielding plates 10 contact, give vent to anger when two shielding plates 10 keep away from and contract, not only need not to consume other energy, and realized the fixed point and triggered the effect.

The front, the back, the left, the right, the upper and the lower are all based on figure 1 in the attached drawings of the specification, according to the standard of the observation angle of a person, the side of the device facing an observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and the like.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The foregoing has shown and described the fundamental principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the foregoing description only to illustrate the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument, its characterized in that: comprises a slideway (1), the top end of the slideway (1) is connected with a first connecting seat (2) and a second connecting seat (3) in a sliding way, the top end of the first connecting seat (2) is fixedly provided with a driving module, the transmission end of the driving module is fixedly connected with a rectangular frame (5), the driving module is used for driving the rectangular frame (5) to move horizontally, the top end of the second connecting seat (3) is fixedly provided with a receiving plate (4), a supporting seat (7) is fixedly arranged at one end of the slideway (1), an irradiation module (6) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the supporting seat (7), the irradiation module (6) is used for emitting test light, the middle part of the rectangular frame (5) is fixedly provided with a glass sheet, the glass sheet is characterized in that a light blocking plate (22) is arranged on the outer side of the glass sheet, a plurality of single slits are formed in the outer side of the light blocking plate (22), and the width of each single slit gradually increases from one end to the other end.

2. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a drive assembly, including rectangle frame (5), shielding plate (10), driving assembly and driving assembly, the outside four sides of rectangle frame (5) all rotate and are connected with shielding plate (10), shielding plate (10) are the rectangle setting, and the width of shielding plate (10) is greater than half of the width of rectangle frame (5), the one end of shielding plate (10) is provided with drive assembly, drive assembly is used for driving shielding plate (10) and rotates.

3. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 2, wherein: the air compressor is characterized in that a plurality of expansion bags (13) are fixedly mounted on one side of the shielding plate (10) by means of the upper end and the lower end, the inner sides of the expansion bags (13) are arranged in a hollow mode, the expansion bags (13) are made of elastic materials, two groups of compressed air bottles (11) are connected to the other side of the shielding plate (10) in a clamped mode, transmission assemblies are connected between the compressed air bottles (11) and the expansion bags (13), and the transmission assemblies are used for transmitting air in the compressed air bottles (11) to the expansion bags (13).

4. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 3, wherein: the drive assembly includes two gear one (8), the one end fixed mounting of gear one (8) has servo motor, and two sets of servo motor divide by the inside that is located both ends about rectangle frame (5), the outside of gear one (8) is provided with driving plate (9) that two sets of centrosymmetry set up, driving plate (9) and the inboard sliding connection of rectangle frame (5), and the outside fixed mounting of driving plate (9) has a plurality of latch, driving plate (9) and gear one (8) meshing, the one end fixed mounting that shielding plate (10) are close to rectangle frame (5) has gear two, two sets of gear two of homonymy all with the outside intermeshing of rectangle frame (5).

5. The single slit diffraction instrument as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the outer edge of the shielding plate (10) far away from the second gear is fixedly provided with an extrusion pad (12), the extrusion pad (12) is arranged in a long strip shape, and the extrusion pad (12) is made of elastic materials.

6. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 5, wherein: the top and the bottom of shielding plate (10) all are the setting of indent arc, inflation bag (13) are located indent arc's turn department, and the outside fixed mounting of inflation bag (13) has flexible extrusion cotton (14).

7. The single slit diffraction instrument as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the transmission assembly comprises two groups of transmission pipes (20), wherein the two groups of transmission pipes (20) are located inside the shielding plate (10), the two groups of transmission pipes (20) are arranged in parallel, a plurality of air outlet pipes are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the transmission pipes (20), the air outlet pipes are communicated with the inner sides of the expansion bags (13), one end of each transmission pipe (20) is fixedly provided with a branch pipe (21), the other end of each branch pipe (21) is provided with two branches, one branch is communicated with the outside, the other branch end of each branch pipe is communicated with the compressed gas cylinder (11), the middle of each branch pipe (21) is provided with two valve assemblies, and the valve assemblies are used for controlling the communication state of the branch pipes (21).

8. The single slit diffraction instrument as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the valve member includes extrusion arm (19), equal fixedly connected with hose (17) in the middle part of two branch ends of bifurcated pipe (21), two sets of extrusion groove (16) have been seted up to the inboard of shielding plate (10), hose (17) and extrusion arm (19) all are located the inboard of extrusion groove (16), extrusion arm (19) and one end fixed mounting have bull stick (18), bull stick (18) rotate with shielding plate (10) and are connected, and one side of bull stick (18) is provided with runner assembly, the runner assembly is rotatory owing to drive bull stick (18).

9. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 8, wherein: the rotating assembly comprises a swing rod (15), the swing rod (15) is located on the inner side of the extrusion pad (12), and one end of the swing rod (15) is fixedly connected with the outer side of the rotating rod (18).

10. A single slit diffraction laboratory instrument according to claim 9, wherein: extrusion arm (19) are the wave setting, and the one end fixed mounting that bull stick (18) was kept away from in extrusion arm (19) has the magnetite, fixed mounting has the iron sheet on the inside wall in extrusion groove (16).

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