CN114690822B - Dark current compensation circuit of photodiode - Google Patents
Dark current compensation circuit of photodiode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于集成电路光敏检测技术领域，具体涉及一种光敏二极管的暗电流补偿电路。The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated circuit photosensitive detection, and specifically relates to a dark current compensation circuit of a photosensitive diode.
背景技术Background technique
随着现代科学技术的发展，光电检测的应用领域日益扩大，检测电路的噪声问题越来越受到人们的关注，其中噪声就包括光敏二极管的暗电流。暗电流可以定义为没有光入射的情况下探测器存在的漏电流，其大小影响着光接收机的灵敏度大小，是探测器的主要指标之一。With the development of modern science and technology, the application fields of photoelectric detection are increasingly expanding, and the noise problem of detection circuits has attracted more and more attention. Among them, the noise includes the dark current of photodiodes. Dark current can be defined as the leakage current of the detector when there is no light incident. Its size affects the sensitivity of the optical receiver and is one of the main indicators of the detector.
现有技术中通常在器件内部解决光敏二极管的暗电流问题，或采用开关电路，这会不可避免的引入开关噪声，采用实际电路去解决暗电流问题的方法较为少见。In the existing technology, the dark current problem of photodiodes is usually solved inside the device, or a switching circuit is used, which inevitably introduces switching noise. It is rare to use actual circuits to solve the dark current problem.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种光敏二极管的暗电流补偿电路，以解决上述提到的问题。The present invention provides a dark current compensation circuit for a photosensitive diode to solve the above-mentioned problems.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种光敏二极管的暗电流补偿电路，包括光敏二极管的遮光处理电路、光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路、电压跟随器U1、电压跟随器U3、减法器、三运放仪表放大器；所述光敏二极管的遮光处理电路用于将光敏二极管产生的暗电流转换成电压信号输出；光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路用于将光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流转换成电压信号输出；电压跟随器U1用于采集光敏二极管的遮光处理电路的输出电压并输出至减法器；电压跟随器U3用于采集光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路的输出电压并输出至减法器；减法器用于将光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路输出的电压减去光敏二极管的遮光处理电路输出的电压，得到纯净的光照电流转换的电压信号；三运放仪表放大器用于对与暗电流无关的电压信号进行放大处理，以便于后级电路对电压值的采集。The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a dark current compensation circuit of a photosensitive diode, including a light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode, a superposition circuit of the photosensitive diode dark current and the light current, a voltage follower U1, a voltage follower U3, and a subtractor , three operational amplifier instrument amplifier; the light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode is used to convert the dark current generated by the photosensitive diode into a voltage signal output; the superposition circuit of the photosensitive diode dark current and the light current is used to convert the photosensitive diode dark current and the light current Convert to voltage signal output; voltage follower U1 is used to collect the output voltage of the light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode and output it to the subtractor; voltage follower U3 is used to collect the output voltage of the superposition circuit of the photodiode dark current and light current and output it to the subtractor; the subtractor is used to subtract the voltage output from the photodiode's shading processing circuit from the voltage output by the superposition circuit of the photodiode dark current and light current to obtain a pure voltage signal converted from the light current; the three-op amp instrumentation amplifier is used The voltage signal unrelated to the dark current is amplified to facilitate the subsequent circuit to collect the voltage value.
作为本发明的优选技术方案：所述光敏二极管的遮光处理电路包括电阻R1、光敏二极管D1、恒流源I2、电容C2；电阻R1一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接恒流源I2，光敏二极管D1的正端和负端接恒流源I2的两端，恒流源I2一端接电压跟随器U1的同相输入端，另一端接地，电容C2的两端接恒流源I2的两端。As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode includes a resistor R1, a photosensitive diode D1, a constant current source I2, and a capacitor C2; one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is connected to the constant current source I2. The positive and negative terminals of D1 are connected to both ends of the constant current source I2. One end of the constant current source I2 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the voltage follower U1, and the other end is connected to ground. Both ends of the capacitor C2 are connected to both ends of the constant current source I2.
作为本发明的优选技术方案：所述光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路包括电阻R3、恒流源I3、电容C1、恒流源I1；电阻R3一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接恒流源I3，恒流源I3一端接电压跟随器U3的同相输入端，另一端接地，电容C1的两端接恒流源I3的两端，恒流源I1一端接电压跟随器U3的同相输入端，另一端接地。As the preferred technical solution of the present invention: the superposition circuit of the photosensitive diode dark current and light current includes a resistor R3, a constant current source I3, a capacitor C1, and a constant current source I1; one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is connected to the constant current Source I3, one end of the constant current source I3 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the voltage follower U3, and the other end is connected to ground. Both ends of the capacitor C1 are connected to both ends of the constant current source I3. One end of the constant current source I1 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the voltage follower U3. , the other end is grounded.
作为本发明的优选技术方案：所述电压跟随器U1包括可变电阻R2、电阻R6；电压跟随器U1的7脚接电源电压VCC，可变电阻R2一端接电压跟随器U1的8脚，另一端接电压跟随器U1的1脚，电阻R6一端接电压跟随器U1的反相输入端，另一端接电压跟随器U1的输出端，电压跟随器U1的4脚接负电压供电VEE。As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the voltage follower U1 includes a variable resistor R2 and a resistor R6; pin 7 of the voltage follower U1 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and one end of the variable resistor R2 is connected to pin 8 of the voltage follower U1. One end is connected to pin 1 of the voltage follower U1, one end of the resistor R6 is connected to the inverting input end of the voltage follower U1, the other end is connected to the output end of the voltage follower U1, and pin 4 of the voltage follower U1 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE.
作为本发明的优选技术方案：所述电压跟随器U3包括可变电阻R4、电阻R5；电压跟随器U3的7脚接电源电压VCC，可变电阻R4一端接电压跟随器U3的8脚，另一端接电压跟随器U3的1脚，电阻R5一端接电压跟随器U3的反相输入端，另一端接电压跟随器U3的输出端，电压跟随器U3的4脚接负电压供电VEE。As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the voltage follower U3 includes a variable resistor R4 and a resistor R5; pin 7 of the voltage follower U3 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and one end of the variable resistor R4 is connected to pin 8 of the voltage follower U3. One end is connected to pin 1 of voltage follower U3, one end of resistor R5 is connected to the inverting input end of voltage follower U3, the other end is connected to the output end of voltage follower U3, and pin 4 of voltage follower U3 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE.
作为本发明的优选技术方案：所述减法器包括电阻R18、电阻R17、可变电阻R14、电阻R16、电阻R15；电阻R18一端接电压跟随器U3的输出端，另一端接减法器U7的同相输入端，减法器U7的7脚接电源电压VCC，可变电阻R14一端接减法器U7的8脚，另一端接减法器U7的1脚，减法器U7的输出端接运放U5的同相输入端，电阻R15一端接减法器U7的反相输入端，另一端接减法器U7的输出端，电阻R16一端接电压跟随器U1的输出端，另一端接减法器U7的反相输入端，电阻R15一端接减法器U7的反向输入端，另一端接减法器U7的输出端，减法器U7的4脚接负电压供电VEE。As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the subtractor includes a resistor R18, a resistor R17, a variable resistor R14, a resistor R16, and a resistor R15; one end of the resistor R18 is connected to the output end of the voltage follower U3, and the other end is connected to the in-phase terminal of the subtractor U7. At the input end, pin 7 of the subtractor U7 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC. One end of the variable resistor R14 is connected to pin 8 of the subtractor U7, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the subtractor U7. The output end of the subtractor U7 is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier U5. terminal, one end of the resistor R15 is connected to the inverting input end of the subtractor U7, and the other end is connected to the output end of the subtractor U7. One end of the resistor R16 is connected to the output end of the voltage follower U1, and the other end is connected to the inverting input end of the subtractor U7. The resistor One end of R15 is connected to the reverse input end of the subtractor U7, the other end is connected to the output end of the subtractor U7, and pin 4 of the subtractor U7 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE.
作为本发明的优选技术方案：所述三运放仪表放大器包括电容C3、运放U5、电容C4、电阻R9、电阻R8、电阻R13、电阻R10、电容C6、运放U4、电容C5、电阻R12、电阻R11、电容C7、运放U6、电容C8、电阻R20；电容C3一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接地，运放U5的7脚接电源电压VCC，电容C4一端接负电压供电VEE，另一端接地，运放U5的4脚接负电压供电VEE，电阻R9一端接运放U5的反向输入端，另一端接运放U5的输出端，电阻R8一端接运放U5的输出端，另一端接运放U6的反相输入端，电阻R13一端接运放U5的反向输入端，另一端接运放U4的反向输入端，电阻R10一端接运放U4的反向输入端，另一端接运放U4的输出端，电容C6的一端接负电压供电VEE，另一端接地，运放U4的4脚接负电压供电VEE，运放U4的同相输入端接地，电容C5的一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接地，运放U4的7脚接电源电压VCC，电阻R12一端接运放U4的输出端，另一端接运放U6的同相输入端，电阻R11一端接运放U6的反向输入端，另一端接运放U6的输出端，运放U6的4脚接负电压供电VEE，电容C7一端接负电压供电VEE，另一端接地，运放U6的7脚接电源电压VCC，电容C8的一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接地，电阻R20一端接运放U6的同相输入端，另一端接地。As the preferred technical solution of the present invention: the three-op amp instrumentation amplifier includes capacitor C3, op amp U5, capacitor C4, resistor R9, resistor R8, resistor R13, resistor R10, capacitor C6, op amp U4, capacitor C5, and resistor R12. , resistor R11, capacitor C7, operational amplifier U6, capacitor C8, resistor R20; one end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is connected to ground. Pin 7 of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE. One end is connected to the ground, pin 4 of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, one end of the resistor R9 is connected to the reverse input terminal of the operational amplifier U5, the other end is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U5, one end of the resistor R8 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U5, and the other end is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U5. One end of the resistor R13 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the op amp U6, one end of the resistor R13 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the op amp U5, and the other end is connected to the inverting input terminal of the op amp U4. One end of the resistor R10 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the op amp U4. One end is connected to the output end of the op amp U4, one end of the capacitor C6 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, and the other end is connected to ground. Pin 4 of the op amp U4 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE. The non-inverting input end of the op amp U4 is connected to the ground. One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the power supply. Voltage VCC, the other end is connected to ground, pin 7 of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, one end of the resistor R12 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U4, the other end is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U6, and one end of the resistor R11 is connected to the reverse terminal of the operational amplifier U6 Input end, the other end is connected to the output end of the op amp U6, pin 4 of the op amp U6 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, and the other end is grounded, pin 7 of the op amp U6 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, the capacitor One end of C8 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is connected to ground. One end of resistor R20 is connected to the non-inverting input end of op amp U6, and the other end is connected to ground.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：本发明提出的一种光敏二极管的暗电流补偿电路设计新颖，使用方便，检测灵敏度高，可将极其微弱的光照信号放大，以便于后级电路对电压值的采集，实用性强。Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the dark current compensation circuit of a photosensitive diode proposed by the present invention has a novel design, is easy to use, has high detection sensitivity, and can amplify extremely weak illumination signals to facilitate subsequent stages. The circuit is highly practical for collecting voltage values.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1：本发明的电路连接示意图一；Figure 1: Circuit connection diagram 1 of the present invention;
图2：本发明的电路连接示意图二；Figure 2: Circuit connection schematic diagram 2 of the present invention;
图3：本发明用于观察光照电流10nA情况下，此时电压跟随器和减法器探针的示数的示意图；Figure 3: A schematic diagram of the display of the voltage follower and subtractor probe when the present invention is used to observe the illumination current of 10nA;
图4：本发明用于观察光照电流10nA情况下，此时减法器电压表XMM1示数和三运放仪表放大器电压表XMM2示数的示意图；Figure 4: The present invention is used to observe the schematic diagram of the display of the subtractor voltmeter XMM1 and the three-op amp instrument amplifier voltmeter XMM2 when the illumination current is 10nA;
图5：本发明不显示图4电压表的示意图；Figure 5: The present invention does not show the schematic diagram of the voltmeter in Figure 4;
图6：本发明用于观察光照电流1μA情况下，提取到的与暗电流无关的电压信号的大小及其放大后的电压信号的大小的示意图；Figure 6: A schematic diagram of the present invention used to observe the magnitude of the extracted voltage signal independent of dark current and the magnitude of its amplified voltage signal when the illumination current is 1 μA;
图7：本发明不显示图6电压表的示意图；Figure 7: The present invention does not show the schematic diagram of the voltmeter in Figure 6;
图8：本发明用于观察光照电流100pA情况下，提取到的与暗电流无关的电压信号的大小及其放大后的电压信号的大小的示意图；Figure 8: A schematic diagram of the present invention used to observe the magnitude of the extracted voltage signal independent of dark current and the magnitude of the amplified voltage signal when the illumination current is 100 pA;
图9：本发明不显示图8电压表的示意图。Figure 9: The present invention does not show the schematic diagram of the voltmeter of Figure 8.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。当然，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
如图1-2所示，为本发明提出的一种光敏二极管的暗电流补偿电路，包括光敏二极管的遮光处理电路、光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路、电压跟随器、减法器、三运放仪表放大器五部分构成。光敏二极管的遮光处理电路用于将光敏二极管产生的暗电流转换成电压信号输出；光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路用于将光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流转换成电压信号输出；电压跟随器U1用于采集光敏二极管的遮光处理电路的输出电压并输出至减法器；电压跟随器U3用于采集光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路的输出电压并输出至减法器；减法器用于将光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路输出的电压减去光敏二极管的遮光处理电路输出的电压，得到纯净的光照电流转换的电压信号；三运放仪表放大器用于对与暗电流无关的电压信号进行放大处理，以便于后级电路对电压值的采集。As shown in Figure 1-2, it is a dark current compensation circuit of a photosensitive diode proposed by the present invention, including a light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode, a superposition circuit of the photosensitive diode dark current and the light current, a voltage follower, a subtractor, and three The operational amplifier instrumentation amplifier consists of five parts. The light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode is used to convert the dark current generated by the photosensitive diode into a voltage signal output; the superposition circuit of the photosensitive diode dark current and the light current is used to convert the photosensitive diode dark current and light current into a voltage signal output; the voltage follower U1 is used to collect the output voltage of the light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode and output it to the subtractor; the voltage follower U3 is used to collect the output voltage of the superposition circuit of the photodiode dark current and light current and output it to the subtractor; the subtractor is used to convert the photosensitive The voltage output by the superposition circuit of the diode dark current and the light current is subtracted from the voltage output by the light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode to obtain a pure voltage signal converted from the light current; a three-op amp instrumentation amplifier is used to perform voltage signal unrelated to the dark current. Amplification processing to facilitate the collection of voltage values by the subsequent circuit.
光敏二极管的遮光处理电路包括电阻R1、光敏二极管D1、恒流源I2、电容C2；电阻R1一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接恒流源I2，光敏二极管D1的正端和负端接恒流源I2的两端，恒流源I2一端接电压跟随器U1的同相输入端，另一端接地，电容C2的两端接恒流源I2的两端。The light-shielding processing circuit of the photosensitive diode includes resistor R1, photodiode D1, constant current source I2, and capacitor C2; one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, the other end is connected to the constant current source I2, and the positive and negative ends of the photodiode D1 are connected to the constant current. At both ends of the source I2, one end of the constant current source I2 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the voltage follower U1, and the other end is connected to ground. Both ends of the capacitor C2 are connected to both ends of the constant current source I2.
光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路包括电阻R3、恒流源I3、电容C1、恒流源I1；电阻R3一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接恒流源I3，恒流源I3一端接电压跟随器U3的同相输入端，另一端接地，电容C1的两端接恒流源I3的两端，恒流源I1一端接电压跟随器U3的同相输入端，另一端接地。The superposition circuit of photodiode dark current and light current includes resistor R3, constant current source I3, capacitor C1, and constant current source I1; one end of resistor R3 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, the other end is connected to the constant current source I3, and one end of the constant current source I3 is connected to the voltage The non-inverting input terminal of the follower U3 is connected to the ground, and the two ends of the capacitor C1 are connected to the two terminals of the constant current source I3. One end of the constant current source I1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage follower U3, and the other end is connected to the ground.
电压跟随器U1包括可变电阻R2、电阻R6；电压跟随器U1的7脚接电源电压VCC，可变电阻R2一端接电压跟随器U1的8脚，另一端接电压跟随器U1的1脚，电阻R6一端接电压跟随器U1的反相输入端，另一端接电压跟随器U1的输出端，电压跟随器U1的4脚接负电压供电VEE。Voltage follower U1 includes variable resistor R2 and resistor R6; pin 7 of voltage follower U1 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, one end of variable resistor R2 is connected to pin 8 of voltage follower U1, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of voltage follower U1. One end of the resistor R6 is connected to the inverting input end of the voltage follower U1, the other end is connected to the output end of the voltage follower U1, and pin 4 of the voltage follower U1 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE.
电压跟随器U3包括可变电阻R4、电阻R5；电压跟随器U3的7脚接电源电压VCC，可变电阻R4一端接电压跟随器U3的8脚，另一端接电压跟随器U3的1脚，电阻R5一端接电压跟随器U3的反相输入端，另一端接电压跟随器U3的输出端，电压跟随器U3的4脚接负电压供电VEE。Voltage follower U3 includes variable resistor R4 and resistor R5; pin 7 of voltage follower U3 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, one end of variable resistor R4 is connected to pin 8 of voltage follower U3, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of voltage follower U3. One end of the resistor R5 is connected to the inverting input end of the voltage follower U3, the other end is connected to the output end of the voltage follower U3, and pin 4 of the voltage follower U3 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE.
减法器包括电阻R18、电阻R17、可变电阻R14、电阻R16、电阻R15；电阻R18一端接电压跟随器U3的输出端，另一端接减法器U7的同相输入端，减法器U7的7脚接电源电压VCC，可变电阻R14一端接减法器U7的8脚，另一端接减法器U7的1脚，减法器U7的输出端接运放U5的同相输入端，电阻R15一端接减法器U7的反相输入端，另一端接减法器U7的输出端，电阻R16一端接电压跟随器U1的输出端，另一端接减法器U7的反相输入端，电阻R15一端接减法器U7的反向输入端，另一端接减法器U7的输出端，减法器U7的4脚接负电压供电VEE。The subtractor includes resistor R18, resistor R17, variable resistor R14, resistor R16, and resistor R15; one end of resistor R18 is connected to the output end of voltage follower U3, the other end is connected to the non-inverting input end of subtractor U7, and pin 7 of subtractor U7 is connected. Power supply voltage VCC, one end of variable resistor R14 is connected to pin 8 of subtractor U7, the other end is connected to pin 1 of subtractor U7, the output end of subtractor U7 is connected to the non-inverting input end of op amp U5, and one end of resistor R15 is connected to pin 1 of subtractor U7. The inverting input end, the other end is connected to the output end of the subtractor U7, one end of the resistor R16 is connected to the output end of the voltage follower U1, the other end is connected to the inverting input end of the subtractor U7, one end of the resistor R15 is connected to the inverting input of the subtractor U7 terminal, the other terminal is connected to the output terminal of subtractor U7, and pin 4 of subtractor U7 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE.
三运放仪表放大器包括电容C3、运放U5、电容C4、电阻R9、电阻R8、电阻R13、电阻R10、电容C6、运放U4、电容C5、电阻R12、电阻R11、电容C7、运放U6、电容C8、电阻R20；电容C3一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接地，运放U5的7脚接电源电压VCC，电容C4一端接负电压供电VEE，另一端接地，运放U5的4脚接负电压供电VEE，电阻R9一端接运放U5的反向输入端，另一端接运放U5的输出端，电阻R8一端接运放U5的输出端，另一端接运放U6的反相输入端，电阻R13一端接运放U5的反向输入端，另一端接运放U4的反向输入端，电阻R10一端接运放U4的反向输入端，另一端接运放U4的输出端，电容C6的一端接负电压供电VEE，另一端接地，运放U4的4脚接负电压供电VEE，运放U4的同相输入端接地，电容C5的一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接地，运放U4的7脚接电源电压VCC，电阻R12一端接运放U4的输出端，另一端接运放U6的同相输入端，电阻R11一端接运放U6的反向输入端，另一端接运放U6的输出端，运放U6的4脚接负电压供电VEE，电容C7一端接负电压供电VEE，另一端接地，运放U6的7脚接电源电压VCC，电容C8的一端接电源电压VCC，另一端接地，电阻R20一端接运放U6的同相输入端，另一端接地。The three-op amp instrumentation amplifier includes capacitor C3, op amp U5, capacitor C4, resistor R9, resistor R8, resistor R13, resistor R10, capacitor C6, op amp U4, capacitor C5, resistor R12, resistor R11, capacitor C7, and op amp U6. , capacitor C8, resistor R20; one end of capacitor C3 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is grounded. Pin 7 of the op amp U5 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, and the other end is grounded. Pin 4 of the op amp U5 is connected to the ground. Negative voltage power supply VEE, one end of the resistor R9 is connected to the inverting input end of the op amp U5, and the other end is connected to the output end of the op amp U5. One end of the resistor R8 is connected to the output end of the op amp U5, and the other end is connected to the inverting input end of the op amp U6. , one end of the resistor R13 is connected to the inverting input end of the op amp U5, and the other end is connected to the inverting input end of the op amp U4. One end of the resistor R10 is connected to the inverting input end of the op amp U4, and the other end is connected to the output end of the op amp U4. The capacitor One end of C6 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, and the other end is grounded. Pin 4 of the op amp U4 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE. The non-inverting input end of the op amp U4 is grounded. One end of the capacitor C5 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is grounded. The op amp U4 Pin 7 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, one end of the resistor R12 is connected to the output end of the op amp U4, and the other end is connected to the non-inverting input end of the op amp U6. One end of the resistor R11 is connected to the inverting input end of the op amp U6, and the other end is connected to the inverting input end of the op amp U6. At the output end, pin 4 of the op amp U6 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, one end of the capacitor C7 is connected to the negative voltage power supply VEE, and the other end is connected to ground. Pin 7 of the op amp U6 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC. One end of the capacitor C8 is connected to the power supply voltage VCC, and the other end is connected to the ground. Connect to ground, one end of resistor R20 is connected to the non-inverting input end of op amp U6, and the other end is connected to ground.
具体实施时，如图3所示，为本发明用于观察光照电流10nA情况下，此时电压跟随器和减法器探针的示数。当暗电流用恒流源I2代替时，在电阻R1上产生了压降，从而电压跟随器U1的同相输入端为4.8V，与电压跟随器U1的探针示数一致。其中，电压跟随器U1采用正负15V电源电压供电，电阻R2起到一个调零作用，从而避免电路上有误差。同理，光照电流I3和暗电流I1在电阻R3上产生了压降，从而电压跟随器U3的同相输入端为4.79V，与电压跟随器U3的探针示数一致。电压跟随器U1和电压跟随器U3选用的器件应相同。减法器用于将光敏二极管暗电流和光照电流的叠加电路输出的电压减去光敏二极管的遮光处理电路输出的电压，从而得到纯净的光照电流转换的电压信号，因此减法器的输出电压为4.79V-4.8V＝-10mV，与减法器U7的探针示数一致。所有仿真结果均与理论值一致。During specific implementation, as shown in Figure 3, the present invention is used to observe the indications of the voltage follower and subtractor probe when the illumination current is 10 nA. When the dark current is replaced by the constant current source I2, a voltage drop occurs on the resistor R1, so that the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage follower U1 is 4.8V, which is consistent with the probe indication of the voltage follower U1. Among them, the voltage follower U1 is powered by a positive and negative 15V power supply voltage, and the resistor R2 plays a zero-adjustment role to avoid errors in the circuit. In the same way, the light current I3 and the dark current I1 produce a voltage drop on the resistor R3, so the non-inverting input terminal of the voltage follower U3 is 4.79V, which is consistent with the probe indication of the voltage follower U3. The components selected for voltage follower U1 and voltage follower U3 should be the same. The subtractor is used to subtract the voltage output from the photodiode's shading processing circuit from the voltage output by the superposition circuit of the photodiode dark current and light current, thereby obtaining a pure voltage signal converted from the light current. Therefore, the output voltage of the subtractor is 4.79V- 4.8V=-10mV, which is consistent with the probe reading of subtractor U7. All simulation results are consistent with theoretical values.
如图4-5所示，为本发明用于观察光照电流10nA情况下，此时减法器和三运放仪表放大器电压表的示数。用电压表测得减法器U7的输出电压为-9.997mV，与图2中减法器U7的探针示数极为近似。三运放仪表放大器，电阻R9，电阻R10阻值应相同，电阻R8，电阻R11，电阻R12，电阻R20阻值应相同。三运放仪表放大器分为两级放大，第一级放大倍数计算公式为1+2R9/R13，得出第一级放大倍数为10，第二级放大倍数计算公式为-R11/R8，得出第二级放大倍数为-1，相当于将电压信号反相，并没有放大，因此三运放仪表放大器的总放大倍数为-10，从而与暗电流无关的电压信号放大后的输出理论值为100mV，这与电压表XMM2示数极为近似。As shown in Figure 4-5, the present invention is used to observe the display of the voltmeter of the subtractor and the three-op amp instrumentation amplifier when the illumination current is 10nA. The output voltage of subtractor U7 measured with a voltmeter is -9.997mV, which is very similar to the probe indication of subtractor U7 in Figure 2. For a three-op amp instrumentation amplifier, resistors R9 and R10 should have the same resistance, and resistors R8, R11, R12, and R20 should have the same resistance. The three-op amp instrumentation amplifier is divided into two levels of amplification. The first-level amplification calculation formula is 1+2R9/R13, which results in a first-level amplification factor of 10. The second-level amplification calculation formula is -R11/R8, which results in The second-stage amplification factor is -1, which is equivalent to inverting the voltage signal without amplifying it. Therefore, the total amplification factor of the three-op amp instrumentation amplifier is -10, so the amplified output theoretical value of the voltage signal that has nothing to do with dark current is 100mV, which is very similar to the reading on the voltmeter XMM2.
如图6-7所示，为本发明用于观察光照电流1μA情况下，提取到的与暗电流无关的电压信号的大小及其放大后的电压信号的大小。根据图3-5所示，可推算出光照电流1μA的情况下，减法器U7的输出电压理论值能达到-1V，与电压表XMM1示数极为近似；与暗电流无关的电压信号放大后的输出理论值能达到10V，这与电压表XMM2示数一致。As shown in Figures 6-7, the present invention is used to observe the magnitude of the voltage signal independent of dark current and the magnitude of the amplified voltage signal when the illumination current is 1 μA. According to Figure 3-5, it can be deduced that when the light current is 1μA, the theoretical value of the output voltage of the subtractor U7 can reach -1V, which is very similar to the display of the voltmeter XMM1; the amplified voltage signal that has nothing to do with the dark current The theoretical output value can reach 10V, which is consistent with the reading of the voltmeter XMM2.
如图8-9所示，为本发明用于观察光照电流100pA情况下，提取到的与暗电流无关的电压信号的大小及其放大后的电压信号的大小。根据图3-5所示，可推算出光照电流100pA的情况下，减法器U7的输出电压理论值仅为-96.9μV，与电压表XMM1示数极为近似；与暗电流无关的电压信号放大后的输出理论值仅为1.1mV，这与电压表XMM2示数极为近似。As shown in Figures 8-9, the present invention is used to observe the magnitude of the voltage signal independent of dark current and the magnitude of the amplified voltage signal when the illumination current is 100 pA. According to Figure 3-5, it can be deduced that when the light current is 100pA, the theoretical value of the output voltage of subtractor U7 is only -96.9μV, which is very similar to the display of voltmeter XMM1; after amplification of the voltage signal that has nothing to do with dark current The output theoretical value is only 1.1mV, which is very similar to the voltmeter XMM2 indication.
以上所述的具体实施方案，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步的详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方案而已，并非用以限定本发明的范围，任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所做出的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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