CN114686690A - Method for treating cyaniding tailings and material for refining metal - Google Patents
Method for treating cyaniding tailings and material for refining metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114686690A CN114686690A CN202210320835.XA CN202210320835A CN114686690A CN 114686690 A CN114686690 A CN 114686690A CN 202210320835 A CN202210320835 A CN 202210320835A CN 114686690 A CN114686690 A CN 114686690A
- Authority
- CN
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- Prior art keywords
- tailings
- cyanidation
- roasting
- copper
- roasted
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical group [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 respectively Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IHXWECHPYNPJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxycyclobut-2-en-1-one Chemical compound OC1=CC(=O)C1 IHXWECHPYNPJRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052948 bornite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052947 chalcocite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052955 covellite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052971 enargite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052970 tennantite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052969 tetrahedrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical group [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/141—Slags
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/216—Sintering; Agglomerating in rotary furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0002—Preliminary treatment
- C22B15/001—Preliminary treatment with modification of the copper constituent
- C22B15/0013—Preliminary treatment with modification of the copper constituent by roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0002—Preliminary treatment
- C22B15/001—Preliminary treatment with modification of the copper constituent
- C22B15/0013—Preliminary treatment with modification of the copper constituent by roasting
- C22B15/0017—Sulfating or sulfiding roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0054—Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/08—Obtaining noble metals by cyaniding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating cyanidation tailings and a material for refining metals. The treatment method of the cyanidation tailings is characterized in that the cyanidation tailings are roasted in a reducing atmosphere, and the roasting temperature is 600-850 ℃. The treatment method of the cyanidation tailings has the advantages that: 1) the reduction roasting is carried out at the low temperature of 600-850 ℃, the kiln caking phenomenon caused by sintering can not be generated, and the production process is easy to control; the roasting temperature is low, the manufacturing cost of process equipment is low, the manufacturing is easy, the maintenance is easy, and the energy consumption is low; 2) the method is selective reduction roasting, and can treat various cyaniding tailings; 3) the method of the invention can adopt a rotary kiln for roasting and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating cyanidation tailings and a material for refining metals.
Background
The cyanidation tailings are dangerous solid wastes generated after cyanidation gold extraction process in the gold smelting process, about 2450 million tons of gold are produced in China every year, and because the cyanidation tailings contain extremely toxic ions and heavy metal components, the cyanidation tailings have great harm to the environment and human bodies, the harm can not be effectively eliminated for many years, but the cyanidation tailings have high potential economic value because of containing various valuable elements. Scientifically and reasonably utilizes the cyanidation tailings, comprehensively recovers valuable elements in the cyanidation tailings, eliminates the harm of the valuable elements, and has great significance for sustainable development of resources.
Most of the cyanidation tailings are powdery, the granularity is fine, the argillization phenomenon is serious, most of gold and silver in the cyanidation tailings are wrapped in iron minerals and gangue minerals in a superfine state, and the treatment difficulty is high.
The cyanidation tailings mainly include non-roasted cyanidation tailings and roasted cyanidation tailings.
1. Non-roasted cyanided tailings
Refers to tailings obtained by cyanidation without a roasting process in the pretreatment process of gold-containing ores. The method mainly comprises the following steps: the first two of the full-mud cyanidation tailings, the gold concentrate cyanidation tailings and other pretreatment process cyanidation tailings occupy the majority of the total amount of the non-roasted cyanidation tailings.
1.1 all-mud cyanidation tailings
Tailings obtained by directly carrying out a full-mud cyanidation process on gold-containing oxidized ores can be further recycled, but the valuable elements are generally low in content, the quantity of the tailings is relatively small, and the economic value is relatively low.
1.2 cyaniding tailings of gold concentrate
Sulfide is enriched from gold-containing sulfide ore by flotation, and tailings are obtained after the obtained sulfur concentrate is cyanided to leach gold. The tailings contain various valuable elements which can be comprehensively recycled, and the tailings have high content of the valuable elements and relatively high economic value.
1.3 other pretreatment technique cyanidation tailings
The tailings are obtained by cyaniding gold concentrate obtained by enriching gold-containing ores after various pretreatments such as pressure oxidation, chemical oxidation, biological oxidation and the like. The amount of tailings is relatively small, since the pretreatment processes involved are mostly in the laboratory research stage, and although certain results have been obtained, they are rarely applied to industrial production on a large scale.
2. Roasting cyanidation tailings
The method is characterized in that refractory gold ores containing high sulfur, high arsenic, organic carbon and the like are subjected to flotation to enrich sulfides, then sulfur concentrate is subjected to roasting desulfurization, oxidation pretreatment of arsenic, carbon and the like, and finally the obtained roasted product is subjected to cyaniding to leach gold to obtain tailings. The tailings account for more than 50% of the total amount of cyanidation tailings, are the main tailings types for piling, have high content of valuable elements and have high economic value.
The main solid phase of the roasting cyanidation tailings is tailings generated by performing desulfurization dearsenification roasting, slag cyanidation and neutralization discharge processes on gold concentrate. The mineral phase composition mainly comprises: iron oxides and incompletely oxidized sulfide residues.
For comprehensive recycling of the cyaniding tailings, some process methods have certain progress and effect, but have great limitations, mainly reflect in aspects of high production cost, poor technical adaptability, difficult popularization and application and the like, and do not fundamentally solve the problems of recycling and eliminating harm of the cyaniding tailings.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a cyanidation tailings treatment method for recovering target metals in cyanidation tailings and a material for refining the metals.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the treatment method of the cyanidation tailings is characterized in that the cyanidation tailings are roasted in a reducing atmosphere, and the roasting temperature is 600-850 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings enter the roasting area for roasting during roasting, and the temperature difference among the parts in the roasting area is 50-250 ℃ at most.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the highest part of the roasting area is 50-250 ℃ higher than the temperature of the lowest part of the roasting area.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the temperature at the highest temperature in the firing zone is between 650 ℃ and 850 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings are preheated to 300 ℃ to 580 ℃ and then calcined.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings are calcined after being preheated at 300 ℃ to 580 ℃ for 20 to 300 minutes.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings are roasted in a roasting device, and after being preheated in the roasting device for 20-300 minutes at 300-580 ℃, the cyanidation tailings are roasted for 20-200 minutes at 600-850 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, firing is carried out in a firing apparatus having an inlet and an outlet; the temperature at the inlet of the roasting device is 300-580 ℃, and the temperature at the outlet of the roasting device is 650-850 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the reducing atmosphere is achieved by a roasting reducing agent.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the reducing agent comprises char and/or coal.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the carbon comprises charcoal, coke and/or activated carbon.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the addition amount of the reducing agent is 1-20% of the weight of the cyanidation tailings.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings are calcined after the addition of additives including calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium chloride and/or magnesium chloride.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium chloride and/or magnesium chloride is used in an amount of 5-25% by weight of the cyanidation tailings.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings are roasted after addition of additives comprising one, two or three of a sulfur-containing material, a copper-containing material and an iron-containing material, respectively, or a material containing one, two or three of sulfur, copper and iron simultaneously.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the sulfur content in the sulfur-containing material is 0.5-20% of the weight of the cyanidation tailings; in the copper-containing material, the content of copper is 0.5-20% of the weight of cyanidation tailings.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the sulfur-containing material is elemental sulfur, a sulfur compound, or a material containing a sulfur compound; the copper-containing material is a copper simple substance, a copper compound or a material containing a copper compound; in the sulfur and copper containing material, copper and sulfur are present in the form of simple substances and/or compounds.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the material containing both sulphur and copper is a copper sulphide mineral; the copper sulfide minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, squaraine, tetrahedrite, tennantite and/or enargite.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings are calcined after addition of an additive comprising a clay mineral in an amount of 0.5% to 10% of the cyanidation tailings, the clay mineral being selected from kaolinite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, rectorite, and/or diatomaceous earth.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the additive is added into the cyanidation tailings, and the raw material and the additive are mixed, pelletized and then roasted; and roasting the reducing agent after all the reducing agent is pelletized with the raw material, or pelletizing part of the reducing agent with the raw material and pelletizing part of the reducing agent without the raw material.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the calcined product is cooled in a liquid, cooled in a reducing gas or cooled under a landfill with solids.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the calcined product is cooled directly in a liquid.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the product after the cooling treatment is ground.
According to one embodiment of the invention, after grinding, there is further included a flotation step, including rougher flotation, scavenger flotation and cleaner flotation, resulting in a product enriched in the target metal.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the tailings obtained by flotation are subjected to magnetic separation to obtain iron ore concentrate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of:
1) providing an additive, mixing the cyanidation tailings and the additive, and pelletizing;
2) preheating the pellets for 20-300 minutes at 300-580 ℃; then roasting for 20-200min at 600-850 ℃;
3) cooling the roasted product in liquid, cooling in reducing gas or cooling under solid burying, and grinding the cooled roasted balls;
4) and after grinding, entering a flotation process, and performing flotation to obtain gold concentrate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, further comprising step 5): and (4) the flotation tailings enter a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cyanidation tailings are roasted cyanidation tailings and/or non-roasted cyanidation tailings.
The material for refining the metal is characterized by being obtained by the method and having the particle size of 0.03-10 mm after being ground.
The treatment method of the cyanidation tailings has the advantages that:
1) the reduction roasting is carried out at the low temperature of 600-850 ℃, the kiln-forming phenomenon caused by sintering can not be generated, and the production process is easy to control; the roasting temperature is low, the manufacturing cost of process equipment is low, the manufacturing is easy, the maintenance is easy, and the energy consumption is low;
2) the method is selective reduction roasting, and can treat various cyaniding tailings;
3) the method can adopt a rotary kiln for roasting, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production;
4) the method can enrich various valuable elements contained in the cyanidation tailings, such as gold, silver, copper and the like;
5) the flotation and magnetic separation have higher separation and enrichment efficiency, and are suitable for large-scale industrial production;
6) the pollution of cyanidation tailings can be eliminated by adopting a clean production technology, and secondary environmental pollution cannot be caused;
7) the cyanided tailings can be utilized to the maximum extent, and zero emission of the tailings is basically realized;
8) carrying out magnetic separation on scavenged tailings, and carrying out rough concentration, fine concentration and scavenging to obtain iron ore concentrate;
9) the magnetic separation tailings are high-silicon slag and can be utilized by building material industry and cement plants.
The method can be implemented by using a rotary kiln, a flotation machine and a magnetic separator to carry out large-scale industrial production, and can utilize cyanidation tailings to produce gold concentrate and iron concentrate.
In conclusion, the process adopted by the invention is easy to realize; by adopting conventional common equipment, under the condition of the same construction scale, the construction investment is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced; the raw materials are basically not required, and various types of cyanidation tailings can be treated. The invention can produce high-grade mixed gold concentrate and iron concentrate. The method of the invention is a production technology which has low investment, low cost, simple process and no environmental pollution and can adapt to various roasted cyanided tailings or non-roasted cyanided tailings. In the treatment method of cyanidation tailings, the content of copper in the recovered concentrate is higher, so the method can recover higher copper.
In the method, calcium chloride is dissolved in water when the calcium chloride is cooled after roasting, and the rest materials are ground; the rest calcium chloride is dissolved in water in the grinding process, the calcium chloride can be recovered by using a filter pressing method, and the recovered calcium chloride can be used for pelletizing, so that the calcium chloride can be recovered for recycling, and the cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.
The treatment method of the cyanidation tailings can be used for enriching target metals such as gold, silver, copper and the like.
The method comprises the steps of flotation and magnetic separation: feeding the ground materials into a flotation system, and carrying out roughing, scavenging and fine selection operations, wherein each flotation operation is separated into two products, namely foam and underflow; adding a beneficiation reagent into the material, stirring, and then performing rough concentration operation; the roughing foam-the rough concentrate enters the concentration operation without adding any medicament, the concentration foam after two to three times of concentration is the mineral separation product-the mixed gold concentrate, and the concentration underflow-middling 1 returns to the previous operation in sequence to form closed-circuit mineral separation; and adding a mineral dressing agent into the roughing underflow, performing scavenging operation, sequentially returning scavenging foam-middlings 2 to the previous operation to form closed-circuit mineral dressing, and taking the underflow subjected to two to three times of scavenging as flotation tailings to enter a magnetic separation system.
In the flotation process, the mineral separation agents added in the roughing process comprise sodium carbonate or lime, copper sulfate, xanthate, nigricans and foaming agents, the mineral separation agents added in the scavenging process comprise sodium carbonate or lime, xanthate, nigricans and foaming agents, and the mineral separation agents are not added in the fine selection process.
Example 1
The treatment method of cyanidation tailings comprises the following steps:
1) and cyaniding tailings and an additive are taken, wherein the cyaniding tailings mainly comprise the following components: the gold content is 2.66g/t, and the iron content is 24.68%.
The additive comprises 9% of coke, 15% of calcium chloride, 9% of copper sulfide concentrate and 1% of kaolin according to the weight of cyanidation tailings. In the copper sulfide concentrate, the content of copper is 2.75% of the weight of the cyanidation tailings, and the content of sulfur is 5.23% of the weight of the cyanidation tailings.
The raw material of the cyanidation tailings and the additive are fully mixed and then pelletized, and the proportion of the particle size of 5-10mm is more than 90%.
2) The pellets were preheated to 450 ℃ and kept preheated for 40 minutes. And roasting the preheated pellets, wherein the roasting device is provided with a roasting area, the pellets enter the roasting area from an inlet of the roasting area, move to an outlet of the roasting area at a constant speed and are output out of the roasting area from the outlet. The temperature at the beginning of the firing zone was 680 deg.C and the temperature at the exit was 780 deg.C. The time for the pellets to move from the inlet to the outlet was 90 min. The calcination is carried out in a reducing atmosphere, and the oxygen content in the calcination off-gas is monitored to be 1.0% or less.
3) And the calcine balls output from the outlet of the roasting area directly enter water for cooling so as to prevent the calcine from being oxidized. And grinding after cooling, wherein the grinding fineness is more than 80% of that of the ore with the fineness of 0.03-0.05 mm.
4) And feeding the ground material into a flotation system, and performing flotation to obtain gold concentrate.
Flotation may be performed using existing flotation processes such as rougher flotation, scavenger flotation and cleaner flotation in a flotation system, each flotation being separated into two products, froth and underflow. Wherein, the material adds the ore dressing medicament earlier and carries out the rough concentration operation after the stirring, and the ore dressing medicament that this rough concentration added is: 4000g/t of sodium carbonate, 350g/t of copper sulfate, 200g/t of xanthate, 100g/t of nigre and 50g/t of No. 2 oil. The foam of rough concentration-rough concentrate enter the concentration operation without adding any medicament, the foam of fine concentration is the mineral separation product-mixed gold concentrate, the underflow of fine concentration-middlings 1 sequentially return to the former operation to form closed-circuit mineral separation, and the return to the former operation to form open-circuit mineral separation. Adding a mineral separation agent into the roughing underflow, and then performing scavenging operation, wherein the mineral separation agent added in the scavenging operation is as follows: 2000g/t of sodium carbonate, 120g/t of xanthate, 80g/t of nigre and 30g/t of No. 2 oil. And (3) returning the scavenging foam-middling 2 sequence to the previous operation to form closed-circuit ore dressing, and not returning to the previous operation to form open-circuit ore dressing. In the following examples, open-circuit beneficiation operation is adopted, and the flotation process adopts twice scavenging and twice concentration beneficiation.
5) And feeding the scavenging underflow of the flotation into a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
In the bulk gold concentrate obtained by flotation, the gold grade is 56.60g/t, and the recovery rate is 90.80%.
In the iron ore concentrate obtained by magnetic separation, the grade of iron is 59.63%, and the recovery rate is 76.54%.
Example 2
1) The method comprises the following steps of taking a cyanidation tailing raw material, wherein the main components are as follows: the gold content is 3.32g/t, and the iron content is 41.81%.
The additive comprises 8% of coke, 18% of calcium chloride, 10% of copper sulfide concentrate and 1% of kaolin according to the weight of cyanidation tailings. In the copper sulfide concentrate, the content of copper is 1.45% of the weight of cyanidation tailings, and the content of sulfur is 2.34% of the weight of cyanidation tailings.
The raw material of the cyanidation tailings and the additive are fully mixed and then pelletized, and the proportion of the particle size of 8-12mm is more than 90%.
2) Pellets were preheated to 400 ℃. And (3) roasting the preheated pellets, wherein the roasting device is provided with a roasting area, and the pellets enter the roasting area from the starting point of the roasting area and move to the outlet of the roasting area at a constant speed and are output out of the roasting area from the outlet. The temperature at the beginning of the firing zone was 720 ℃ and the temperature at the exit was 780 ℃. The time for the pellets to move from the inlet to the outlet was 60 min. The calcination is carried out in a reducing atmosphere, and the oxygen content in the calcination off-gas is monitored to be 1.0% or less.
3) And water quenching the roasted sand balls output from the outlet of the roasting area to prevent the roasted sand from being oxidized. Grinding after water quenching, wherein the grinding fineness is 0.03-0.05mm and accounts for more than 80%.
4) And feeding the ground material into a flotation system, and performing flotation to obtain gold concentrate.
Rougher, scavenger and cleaner operations are performed in the flotation system, each flotation operation separating into two products, froth and underflow. Wherein, the material adds the ore dressing medicament earlier and carries out the rough concentration operation after the stirring, and the ore dressing medicament that this rough concentration added is: 4200g/t of sodium carbonate, 380g/t of copper sulfate, 220g/t of xanthate, 120g/t of nigrum and 60g/t of 2# oil. Roughing foam-rough concentrate enters concentration operation without adding any reagent, the concentration foam is a mineral separation product-mixed gold concentrate, and concentration underflow-middlings 1 are sequentially returned to the previous operation to form closed-circuit mineral separation. Adding a mineral dressing agent into the roughing underflow, and then performing scavenging operation, wherein the mineral dressing agent added in the scavenging operation is as follows: 2100g/t of sodium carbonate, 120g/t of xanthate, 80g/t of nigre and 30g/t of No. 2 oil. And (4) returning the scavenging foam-middling 2 sequence to the previous operation to form closed-circuit ore dressing.
5) And (4) feeding the scavenging underflow of the flotation into a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
In the bulk gold concentrate obtained by flotation, the grade of gold is 69.75g/t, and the recovery rate is 90.78%.
In the iron concentrate obtained by magnetic separation, the grade of iron is 60.38%, and the recovery rate is 80.12%.
Examples 3 to 24
The treatment method of the cyanidation tailings comprises the following steps:
1) the raw material is cyanidation tailings, the examples 3-15 are gold concentrate cyanidation tailings, and the examples 16-24 are roasting cyanidation tailings.
Additives were provided and the amounts of additives by weight of the cyanidation tailings are shown in the "calcination conditions" column of table 1. Wherein, the additive (I) is calcium chloride, the additive (II) is coke which is mixed with cyanidation tailings for balling, and the additive (III) is coke which is not balling with the cyanidation tailings and is roasted in a roasting area; the additive is chalcopyrite, the copper content in the chalcopyrite is 22 percent, and the sulfur content is 26 percent; the additive(s) in examples 3-10 were kaolin, the additive(s) in examples 11-20 were montmorillonite, and the additive(s) in examples 21-24 were diatomaceous earth.
The cyaniding tailings and the additive are mixed and pelletized, and the diameter of the pellets is 10-15mm, which accounts for over 99 percent.
2) And the pellets obtained in the step 1) enter a rotary kiln for roasting, and the preheating temperature, the preheating time, the highest temperature during roasting, the lowest temperature and the roasting time are shown in a column of 'roasting conditions' in a table 1.
3) And directly quenching and cooling the roasted pellets by water to prevent the roasted pellets from being oxidized. Grinding the ore after water quenching, wherein the fineness of the ground ore is 0.03-0.05mm and accounts for 85%.
4) And after grinding, the materials enter a flotation system, and concentrate is obtained through flotation, and experimental data of the concentrate are shown in the table below. The flotation process was as described in examples 1, 2.
5) And feeding the scavenging underflow of the flotation into a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
TABLE 1
Examples 25 to 29
The results of examples 20-24, in which the preheating step was omitted, are shown in Table 2 for examples 25-29, with the remaining firing conditions being unchanged.
TABLE 2
Examples 30 to 47
The treatment method of cyanidation tailings comprises the following steps:
1) the raw material is cyanidation tailings, the cyanidation tailings in the percolation cyanidation method are cyanidation tailings in the cyanidation method in the embodiment 30-35, the cyanidation tailings in the stirring cyanidation method in the embodiment 36-40, and the cyanidation tailings in the heap leaching method in the embodiment 41-47.
Additives were provided and the amounts of additives by weight of the cyanidation tailings are shown in the "calcination conditions" column in table 3. Wherein, the dosage of the copper oxide is the weight ratio of the copper to the cyanidation tailings; the amount of calcium sulfate used is the weight ratio of sulfur contained therein to cyanidation tailings.
The cyaniding tailings and the additive are mixed and pelletized, and the diameter of the pellets is 15-20mm, and the ratio is more than 98%.
2) The pellets obtained in step 1) were fired in a firing apparatus at a firing temperature and for a firing time as shown in the column "firing conditions" in Table 3.
3) And cooling the roasted pellets to prevent the calcine from being oxidized. Examples 30 to 35 were cooled by water quenching; examples 36-40 were cooled in a landfill with pulverized coal and examples 41-47 were cooled with reducing gas. And cooling the roasting balls, and grinding the roasted balls to obtain 90% of the roasted balls with the fineness of 0.03-0.05 mm.
4) And feeding the ground materials into a flotation system, and performing rough concentration, fine concentration and scavenging on the materials to obtain rough concentrates, wherein the experimental data of the rough concentrates are shown in the following table. The flotation process was as described in examples 1, 2.
5) And feeding the scavenging underflow of the flotation into a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
TABLE 3
Examples 48 to 51
Examples 48 to 51 use CuCl2The process steps are as described in example 1, the process conditions different from those of the previous example 1 are as described in the column "calcination conditions" in the table, and the undescribed process steps are the same as in example 1, instead of calcium chloride.
Table 4
The data in the above examples are obtained by using open-circuit beneficiation in the flotation process.
In the above embodiment, the detection of the product obtained by magnetic separation shows that the recovery rate of iron reaches more than 60%. In the tailings obtained by magnetic separation, the content of silicon dioxide reaches 60-70%.
The treatment method of the cyanidation tailings has the advantages that:
1) the reduction roasting is carried out at the low temperature of 600-850 ℃, the kiln-forming phenomenon caused by sintering can not be generated, and the production process is easy to control; the roasting temperature is low, the manufacturing cost of process equipment is low, the manufacturing is easy, the maintenance is easy, and the energy consumption is low;
2) the method is selective reduction roasting, and can treat various cyaniding tailings;
3) the method can adopt a rotary kiln for roasting, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production;
4) the method can enrich various valuable elements contained in the cyanidation tailings, such as gold, silver, copper and the like;
5) the flotation and magnetic separation have higher separation and enrichment efficiency, and are suitable for large-scale industrial production;
6) the pollution of cyanidation tailings can be eliminated by adopting a clean production technology, and secondary environmental pollution cannot be caused;
7) the cyanided tailings can be utilized to the maximum extent, and zero emission of the tailings is basically realized;
8) carrying out magnetic separation on scavenged tailings, and carrying out rough concentration, fine concentration and scavenging to obtain iron ore concentrate;
9) the magnetic separation tailings are high-silicon slag and can be utilized by building material industry and cement plants.
The method can be implemented by using a rotary kiln, a flotation machine and a magnetic separator to carry out large-scale industrial production, and can utilize cyanidation tailings to produce gold concentrate and iron concentrate.
In conclusion, the process adopted by the invention is easy to realize; by adopting conventional common equipment, under the condition of the same construction scale, the construction investment is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced; the raw materials are basically not required, and various types of cyanidation tailings can be treated. The invention can produce high-grade mixed gold concentrate and iron concentrate. The method of the invention is a production technology which has low investment, low cost, simple process and no environmental pollution and can adapt to various roasted cyanided tailings or non-roasted cyanided tailings. In the treatment method of cyanidation tailings, the content of copper in the recovered concentrate is higher, so the method can recover higher copper.
In the method, calcium chloride is dissolved in water when the calcium chloride is cooled after roasting, and the rest materials are ground; the rest calcium chloride is dissolved in water in the grinding process, the calcium chloride can be recovered by using a filter pressing method, and the recovered calcium chloride can be used for pelletizing, so that the calcium chloride can be recovered for recycling, and the cost is saved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements that are within the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the following claims.
Claims (29)
1. The treatment method of the cyanidation tailings is characterized in that the cyanidation tailings are roasted in a reducing atmosphere, and the roasting temperature is 600-850 ℃.
2. The method for treating cyanide tailings of claim 1, wherein the cyanide tailings enter a roasting region for roasting, and the temperature difference between the parts in the roasting region is 50 ℃ to 250 ℃ at most.
3. The method for treating cyanidation tailings of claim 2, wherein the highest temperature of the roasting zone is 50 ℃ to 250 ℃ higher than the lowest temperature of the roasting zone.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature at the highest temperature in the roasting region is 650 ℃ to 850 ℃.
5. The method for treating the cyanidation tailings according to claim 1, wherein the cyanidation tailings are preheated to 300 ℃ to 580 ℃ and then roasted.
6. The method for treating cyanidation tailings according to claim 1, wherein the cyanidation tailings are calcined after being preheated at 300 ℃ to 580 ℃ for 20 to 300 minutes.
7. The method for treating cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the cyanide tailings are calcined in a calcination device, and the cyanide tailings are preheated in the calcination device at 300-580 ℃ for 20-300 minutes, and then calcined at 600-850 ℃ for 20-200 minutes.
8. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the roasting is carried out in a roasting device having an inlet and an outlet; the temperature at the inlet of the roasting device is 300-580 ℃, and the temperature at the outlet of the roasting device is 650-850 ℃.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing atmosphere is a reducing agent.
10. The process of cyanidation of tailings of claim 9 wherein the reducing agent comprises char and/or coal.
11. The process of claim 10, wherein the char comprises charcoal, coke, and/or activated carbon.
12. The method for treating cyanide tailings according to claim 9, wherein the amount of the reducing agent added is 1% to 20% by weight of the cyanide tailings.
13. The method for treating the cyanide tailings of claim 1, wherein the cyanide tailings are roasted after additives are added thereto, and the additives comprise calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium chloride and/or magnesium chloride.
14. The method for treating cyanide tailings according to claim 13, wherein the amount of calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium chloride and/or magnesium chloride is 5 to 25% by weight of the cyanide tailings.
15. The method for treating cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the cyanide tailings are roasted after adding an additive comprising one, two or three of a sulfur-containing material, a copper-containing material and an iron-containing material, respectively, or a material containing one, two or three of sulfur, copper and iron at the same time.
16. The method for processing the cyanidation tailings according to claim 15, wherein the sulfur-containing material contains 0.5-20% of sulfur by weight of the cyanidation tailings; in the copper-containing material, the content of copper is 0.5-20% of the weight of cyanidation tailings.
17. The method for processing cyanide tailings of claim 16, wherein the sulfur-containing material is elemental sulfur, a sulfur compound, or a material containing a sulfur compound; the copper-containing material is a copper simple substance, a copper compound or a material containing a copper compound; in the sulfur and copper containing material, copper and sulfur are present in the form of simple substances and/or compounds.
18. The process of cyanidation of tailings of claim 15 wherein the material containing both sulfur and copper is a copper sulfide mineral; the copper sulfide minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, squaraine, tetrahedrite, tennantite and/or enargite.
19. The method for treating cyanided tailings according to claim 1, wherein the cyanided tailings are roasted after additives are added thereto, the additives include clay minerals, the amount of the clay minerals added is 0.5 to 10% of the cyanided tailings, and the clay minerals are selected from kaolinite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, rectorite and/or diatomite.
20. The method for treating the cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein an additive is added to the cyanide tailings, and the cyanide tailings and the additive are mixed, pelletized and then calcined; and roasting the reducing agent after all the reducing agent is pelletized with the cyaniding tailings, or pelletizing part of the reducing agent with the cyaniding tailings and pelletizing part of the reducing agent without the raw material.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the roasted product is cooled in a liquid, cooled in a reducing gas, or cooled under a landfill of solids.
22. The method of claim 1 or 24, wherein the roasted product is directly cooled in a liquid.
23. The method of claim 24, wherein the product after cooling is ground.
24. The cyanidation tailings treatment method of claim 24 further including a flotation step after grinding, the flotation including rougher flotation, scavenger flotation and cleaner flotation to produce a target metal-enriched product.
25. The method of claim 27, wherein the tailings obtained from the flotation are magnetically separated to obtain an iron concentrate.
26. The method for processing cyanidation tailings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) providing an additive, mixing the cyanidation tailings and the additive, and pelletizing;
2) preheating the pellets for 20-300 minutes at 300-580 ℃; then roasting for 20-200min at 600-850 ℃;
3) cooling the roasted product in liquid, cooling in reducing gas or cooling under solid burying, and grinding the cooled roasted balls;
4) and after grinding, entering a flotation process, and performing flotation to obtain gold concentrate.
27. The method for processing cyanidation tailings of claim 27 further comprising the step 5): and (4) the flotation tailings enter a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
28. The method for treating cyanidation tailings according to claim 1, wherein the cyanidation tailings are roasted cyanidation tailings and/or non-roasted cyanidation tailings.
29. A metal-refining material obtained by the method of any preceding claim and having a particle size of from 0.03mm to 10mm after grinding.
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| CN108970308A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-11 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | A kind of high-temp chlorination flue gas processing method containing gold |
| CN111363929A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Gold ore dressing and smelting combined recovery process |
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