CN114672642A - Method for enriching nickel and material for extracting nickel - Google Patents
Method for enriching nickel and material for extracting nickel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114672642A CN114672642A CN202210319623.XA CN202210319623A CN114672642A CN 114672642 A CN114672642 A CN 114672642A CN 202210319623 A CN202210319623 A CN 202210319623A CN 114672642 A CN114672642 A CN 114672642A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for enriching nickel and a material for extracting nickel. The method for enriching nickel is characterized in that the raw material is roasted under a reducing atmosphere to enrich the nickel in the raw material; the roasting temperature is 600-850 ℃. The method for enriching the nickel has the advantages that: 1) the reduction roasting is carried out at the low temperature of 600-850 ℃, the kiln-forming phenomenon caused by sintering can not be generated, and the production process is easy to control; the roasting temperature is low, the manufacturing cost of process equipment is low, the manufacturing is easy, the maintenance is easy, and the energy consumption is low; 2) the method is selective reduction roasting, and can treat various raw ores, concentrates, tailings, roasting treatment products or tailings with various complicated occurrence states; 3) the method of the invention can adopt a rotary kiln for roasting and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for enriching nickel and a material for extracting nickel.
Background
The existing metal enrichment methods have the defects that when raw ores are used as raw materials to enrich target metals, the energy consumption is high when metals are enriched by adopting a pyrogenic process, and when metals are enriched by adopting a wet process, liquid harmful to the environment is used, so that the influence harmful to the environment is brought, and meanwhile, the methods have low yield. The target metal contained in the tailings in the production process of the enriched metal cannot be further extracted and recovered, and more waste is generated.
The laterite-nickel ore is a mineral resource formed by long-term weathering of nickel-containing olivine in tropical or subtropical regions, and is mainly distributed in tropical countries in equatorial regions.
The treatment process of the laterite-nickel ore in the world is summarized as follows: the pyrometallurgical processes and the wet processes are now described as follows:
1. pyrogenic process
Process for drying and prereducing rotary kiln and smelting ferronickel in electric furnace
The rotary kiln drying pre-reduction-electric furnace ferronickel smelting process is the mainstream process (RKEF process for short) for treating laterite-nickel ore at home and abroad at present, and the ferronickel product produced by the process is mainly used for stainless steel production and has been produced by dozens of factories at home and abroad.
The main process of the process comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and screening the laterite-nickel ore to 50-150 mm, and then conveying the laterite-nickel ore to a drying kiln for drying so that the ore is not bonded or pulverized too much;
(2) adding a reducing agent ingredient, feeding into a calcining rotary kiln, and drying and pre-reducing at the temperature of 700 ℃;
(3) sending the reduced calcine into an ore-smelting electric furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting at the high temperature of 1300-1600 ℃ to produce crude ferronickel containing about 8% of nickel;
(4) and then, blowing and enriching by using an LF refining furnace to produce high-grade nickel iron containing 20-25% of nickel.
The ferronickel process has the main advantages of short flow, mature process and capability of realizing large-scale production; the produced high-grade ferronickel can be used for producing medium-grade and high-grade stainless steel; can treat various high-grade laterite-nickel ores. The main disadvantages are large investment; a large amount of coke and electricity are needed in the production process, the energy consumption is high, the comprehensive energy consumption is high, and the cost is high; the requirement on the raw ore grade is high, and the raw ore grade of more than 2 percent is generally required.
2. Wet process
High-pressure acid leaching process
The high-pressure acid leaching process is also called HPAL process, and is the mainstream process of wet treatment in the world at present. The basic process of the process comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing and pulping the laterite-nickel ore, and then leaching the laterite-nickel ore in sulfuric acid at high pressure (4-5 MPa) and high temperature (230-260 ℃);
(2) after leaching, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and neutralizing and deironing the leachate;
(3) after iron is removed, nickel and cobalt are separated through extraction, and then different nickel and cobalt products are obtained through further smelting according to different requirements.
The process has the main advantages of low operation cost, low energy consumption, no exhaust emission and capability of realizing the comprehensive recovery of nickel and cobalt. The main disadvantages are high investment, large consumption of sulfuric acid and strict requirements on equipment and materials; because impurities such as magnesium have great influence on acid consumption, and the process economic index is mainly influenced by the consumption of sulfuric acid, the requirement on magnesium in the raw ore is high, and the method is generally suitable for treating the laterite-nickel ore containing less than 5% of magnesium.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for enriching nickel and a material for extracting nickel.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for enriching nickel is characterized in that the raw material is roasted under a reducing atmosphere to enrich the nickel in the raw material; the roasting temperature is 600-850 ℃.
According to one scheme of the invention, during roasting, raw materials enter a roasting region for roasting, and the temperature difference of all parts in the roasting region is 50-250 ℃ at most.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the highest part of the roasting region is 50-250 ℃ higher than the temperature of the lowest part of the roasting region.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature at the highest temperature in the firing zone is 650 ℃ to 850 ℃.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the raw material moves in the roasting area, and the temperature of the roasting area is gradually increased along the moving route of the raw material.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the raw material is directly calcined without preheating or is calcined after preheating.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the raw material is preheated and then roasted before roasting; preheating the raw materials in a static state, wherein the preheating temperature is 300-600 ℃; or the raw materials are preheated in the moving process, the preheating temperature is gradually increased along the moving route of the raw materials, and the lowest preheating temperature range is 300-600 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preheating time is 20 to 300 minutes.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the minimum preheating temperature is 50 ℃ to 300 ℃ lower than the maximum preheating temperature during preheating of the raw material.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the maximum preheating temperature is lower than or equal to the minimum roasting temperature.
According to one aspect of the invention, the roasting device has an inlet and an outlet; the temperature at the inlet of the roasting device is 300-600 ℃, and the temperature at the outlet of the roasting device is 650-850 ℃; the raw materials are moved from an inlet to an outlet in a roasting device, preheated and roasted.
According to one scheme of the invention, the temperature of the roasting device is gradually increased from an inlet to an outlet; the temperature at the inlet is lowest and the temperature at the outlet is highest.
According to one scheme of the invention, the raw material moves from an inlet of the roasting device to an outlet at a constant speed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the reducing atmosphere is formed by calcining a reducing agent.
According to one aspect of the invention, the reducing agent comprises char and/or coal.
According to one aspect of the invention, the carbon comprises charcoal, coke, and/or activated carbon. The coal includes lignite, bituminous coal and/or anthracite.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the reducing agent added is 1% to 20% by weight of the raw material.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the raw material is calcined after adding an additive comprising calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium chloride and/or magnesium chloride.
According to one aspect of the invention, the additive comprises calcium chloride and sodium chloride; the dosage ratio of calcium chloride to sodium chloride is 1: 0.5-2.
According to one scheme of the invention, the dosage of the calcium chloride, the copper chloride, the sodium chloride and/or the magnesium chloride is 5-25% of the weight of the raw materials.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the raw material is calcined after addition of additives comprising a sulfur-containing material and a copper-containing material, respectively, or a material containing both sulfur and copper.
According to one scheme of the invention, the content of sulfur in the sulfur-containing material is 0.5-20% of the weight of the raw materials; in the copper-containing material, the content of copper is 0.5-20% of the weight of the raw materials.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sulfur-containing material is elemental sulfur, a sulfur compound, or a material containing a sulfur compound; the copper-containing material is a copper simple substance, a copper compound or a material containing a copper compound; in the sulfur and copper containing material, copper and sulfur are present in the form of simple substances and/or compounds.
According to one aspect of the invention, the material containing both sulphur and copper is a copper sulphide mineral; the copper sulfide minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, squaraine, tetrahedrite, tennantite and/or enargite.
According to one scheme of the invention, the raw materials are added with additives and then roasted, wherein the additives comprise clay minerals, the addition amount of the clay minerals is 0.5-10% of the raw materials, and the clay minerals are selected from kaolin, montmorillonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, rectorite, bentonite and/or diatomite.
According to one scheme of the invention, an additive and a reducing agent are added into raw materials, and the raw materials, the reducing agent and the additive are mixed, pelletized and roasted; and (3) roasting the reducing agent after all the reducing agent is pelletized with the raw material, or pelletizing 60-95% of the reducing agent with the raw material, and not pelletizing the rest reducing agent with the raw material.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the calcined product is cooled in a liquid, in a reducing or inert gas or under a landfill with solids.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the roasted product is cooled from the roasting device directly into a liquid.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the product after the cooling treatment is ground.
According to one aspect of the invention, after grinding, a flotation step is included, comprising rougher flotation, scavenger flotation and cleaner flotation, resulting in a concentrate enriched in the target metal.
According to one scheme of the invention, tailings obtained by flotation are subjected to magnetic separation to obtain iron ore concentrate.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising the steps of:
1) providing an additive and a reducing agent, mixing the raw material, the reducing agent and the additive, and pelletizing;
2) preheating the pellets for 20-300 minutes at 300-750 ℃; then roasting for 20-200 minutes at 600-850 ℃;
3) cooling the roasted product in liquid, reducing gas or inert gas or burying solid, and grinding the cooled roasted balls;
4) after grinding, entering a flotation process, and performing flotation to obtain nickel-enriched concentrate.
When the calcined product is cooled, the oxidation of the calcined product is avoided, and therefore, a neutral liquid, a reducing gas or an inert gas, and a solid are preferred.
According to one aspect of the invention, further comprising step 5): and (4) the flotation tailings enter a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
According to one aspect of the invention, the raw material comprises nickel-containing raw ore, concentrate, tailings, clinker and/or ore smelting tailings.
The material for refining the nickel is characterized by being obtained by the method and having the granularity of 0.03-0.1 mm after being ground.
The method for enriching nickel has the advantages that:
1) the reduction roasting is carried out at the low temperature of 600-850 ℃, the kiln caking phenomenon caused by sintering can not be generated, and the production process is easy to control; the roasting temperature is low, the manufacturing cost of process equipment is low, the manufacturing is easy, the maintenance is easy, and the energy consumption is low;
2) the method is selective reduction roasting, and can treat various raw ores, concentrates, tailings and roasting treatment products with various complicated occurrence states;
3) the method can adopt a rotary kiln for roasting, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production;
4) the invention can enrich nickel contained in various raw materials;
5) the flotation and magnetic separation have higher separation and enrichment efficiency, and are suitable for large-scale industrial production;
6) the pollution of the tailings can be eliminated by adopting a clean production technology, and secondary environmental pollution cannot be caused;
7) the tailings can be utilized to the maximum extent, and zero emission of the tailings is basically realized;
8) carrying out magnetic separation on scavenged tailings, and carrying out rough concentration, fine concentration and scavenging to obtain iron ore concentrate;
9) the magnetic separation tailings are high-silicon slag and can be utilized in building material industry and cement plants.
In the method, the roasting device can use a rotary kiln, and can also use a flotation machine and a magnetic separator for large-scale industrial production.
In conclusion, the process adopted by the invention is easy to realize; by adopting conventional common equipment, under the condition of the same construction scale, the construction investment is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced; has no requirement on raw materials basically, and can treat various types of raw ores, concentrates, tailings and smelting slag. The invention can produce high-grade nickel concentrate and iron concentrate. The method of the invention is a production technology which has the advantages of low investment, low cost, simple process, no environmental pollution and suitability for various raw materials.
In the method of the present invention, when the roasted pellet is cooled with water after the roasting, the chloride additive is partially dissolved in the water to obtain an aqueous solution containing the chloride additive. And taking out the cooled roasted balls, adding water for grinding, dissolving the residual chloride additive in water in the grinding process, and obtaining the water solution containing the chloride additive by using a filter pressing method. The two parts of the water solution containing the chloride additive can be recycled for pelletizing, so that the chloride additive can be recycled, and the cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.
The method for enriching nickel can be used for enriching nickel. The raw material applicable to the method can be used for treating the raw ore containing nickel, the concentrate or the tailings after the raw ore treatment, the products after the products are treated by a pyrogenic process or a wet process, and the tailings of ore smelting.
The method comprises the steps of flotation and magnetic separation: feeding the ground materials into a flotation system, and carrying out roughing, scavenging and fine selection operations, wherein each flotation operation is separated into two products, namely foam and underflow; adding a beneficiation reagent into the material, stirring, and then performing rough concentration operation; roughing foam-rough concentrate enters concentration operation without adding any medicament, the concentration foam after two to three times of concentration is a mineral separation product-mixed gold concentrate, and concentration underflow-middling 1 returns to the previous operation in sequence to form closed circuit mineral separation; and adding a mineral dressing agent into the roughing underflow, performing scavenging operation, sequentially returning scavenging foam-middlings 2 to the previous operation to form closed-circuit mineral dressing, and taking the underflow subjected to two to three times of scavenging as flotation tailings to enter a magnetic separation system. The ore dressing mode that the middling 1 and the middling 2 do not return to the previous operation is open-circuit ore dressing. The embodiment of the invention adopts open-circuit ore dressing in the flotation step. The nickel in the middling 1 and the middling 2 can also enter closed-circuit ore dressing for further recovery, and more than 90% of the nickel in the middling can be recovered.
In the flotation process, the mineral dressing agents added in the rough concentration comprise sodium carbonate or lime, copper sulfate, xanthate, black powder and foaming agent; the mineral dressing agent added in the scavenging process comprises sodium carbonate or lime, xanthate, black powder and a foaming agent, and the mineral dressing agent is not added in the selection process. The flotation process is a conventional flotation method and is not described in detail.
Examples
A method of enriching nickel comprising the steps of:
1) the raw material is laterite-nickel ore raw ore.
Additives were provided and the additive amounts by weight of the lateritic nickel ores are as indicated in the "roasting conditions" column of table 1. Wherein, the additive (I) in the embodiment 1-2 is calcium chloride; the additive in examples 3-4 was copper chloride; the additive in the embodiment 5 is 45 percent of calcium chloride and 55 percent of sodium chloride; the additive in the embodiment 6 is 50 percent of calcium chloride and 50 percent of sodium chloride; the additive in the embodiment 7 is 40 percent of calcium chloride and 60 percent of sodium chloride; the additive in example 8 was 55% calcium chloride and 45% sodium chloride.
The additive is a reducing agent mixed with the laterite-nickel ore for pelletizing. And the additive is a reducing agent which does not pelletize the laterite nickel ore, and is roasted in a roasting area. The reducing agent in examples 1-2 was coke; the reducing agent in examples 3-6 was activated carbon; the reductant in examples 7-8 was anthracite.
In examples 1-6, the additive (r) was a chalcopyrite material, the copper content was 22% by weight of the total weight of chalcopyrite, and the sulfur content was 26% by weight of the total weight of chalcopyrite. In example 7 additive iv is chalcocite with a copper content of 25% by weight and a sulphur content of 6% by weight of chalcopyrite. In example 8, the additive iv is copper blue, the copper content is 22% of the total weight of the copper blue, and the sulfur content is 12% of the total weight of the chalcopyrite.
The additive (V) in examples 1 to 3 was kaolin, the additive (V) in examples 4 to 6 was montmorillonite, and the additive (V) in examples 7 to 8 was bentonite.
Mixing the laterite-nickel ore and the additive, grinding until the granularity of 0.074mm reaches 90%; then pelletizing, wherein the proportion of pellets with the diameter of 10-15mm is 95%.
2) In examples 1 to 7, the pellets obtained in step 1) were calcined in a rotary kiln and the pellets were transported at a constant speed in the rotary kiln. The interior of the rotary kiln is divided into a preheating area and a roasting area which are connected in sequence from an inlet to an outlet of the rotary kiln. The temperature gradually increased from the inlet to the outlet. The minimum preheating temperature, the preheating time, the minimum temperature at the time of firing, the maximum firing temperature, and the firing time are shown in the column of "firing conditions" in table 1. The maximum preheating temperature is the same as the minimum roasting temperature. Along the movement path of the pellets, the preheating temperature is gradually increased and the calcination temperature is gradually increased.
In example 8, pellets were preheated at rest. Then, the mixture was calcined under the calcination conditions shown in Table 1. During roasting, the pellets are conveyed in the rotary kiln at a constant speed. Along the path of movement of the pellets, the firing temperature is gradually increased.
3) And directly quenching and cooling the roasted calcine by water to prevent the calcine from being oxidized. Grinding the ore after water quenching, wherein the fineness of the ground ore is 0.03-0.05mm, and the percentage of the ground ore accounts for 85%.
4) And after grinding, feeding the materials into a flotation system, and performing flotation to obtain concentrate and tailings, wherein the detection data of the raw materials and the concentrate are shown in table 2.
The flotation can be carried out by adopting the existing flotation process, and roughing, scavenging and concentrating operations are carried out in a flotation system, and each flotation operation is separated into two products, namely foam and underflow. Wherein, the material adds the ore dressing medicament earlier and carries out the rough concentration operation after the stirring, and the ore dressing medicament that this rough concentration added is: 4000g/t of sodium carbonate, 350g/t of copper sulfate, 200g/t of xanthate, 100g/t of nigre and 50g/t of No. 2 oil. Roughing foam-rough concentrate enters concentration operation without adding any reagent, the concentration foam is a mineral separation product-bulk concentrate, and concentration underflow-middlings 1 are sequentially returned to the previous operation to form closed-circuit mineral separation. Adding a mineral dressing agent into the roughing underflow, and then performing scavenging operation, wherein the mineral dressing agent added in the scavenging operation is as follows: 2000g/t of sodium carbonate, 120g/t of xanthate, 80g/t of nigre and 30g/t of No. 2 oil. And (4) returning the scavenging foam-middling 2 sequence to the previous operation to form closed-circuit ore dressing. And the middling 1 and the middling 2 form open-circuit ore dressing without returning to the previous operation. The embodiment of the invention adopts the data of open-circuit ore dressing. The nickel in the middling 1 and the middling 2 can also enter closed-circuit ore dressing for further recovery, and more than 90% of the nickel in the middling can be recovered.
5) And feeding the scavenging underflow of the flotation into a magnetic separation process to produce iron ore concentrate.
TABLE 1
The product analysis data obtained for examples 1-8 are shown in Table 2: the feed material in table 2 is lateritic nickel ore.
TABLE 2
The method for enriching the nickel has the advantages that:
1) the reduction roasting is carried out at the low temperature of 600-850 ℃, the kiln-forming phenomenon caused by sintering can not be generated, and the production process is easy to control; the roasting temperature is low, the manufacturing cost of process equipment is low, the manufacturing is easy, the maintenance is easy, and the energy consumption is low;
2) the method is selective reduction roasting, and can treat various raw ores, concentrates, tailings and roasting treatment products with various complicated occurrence states;
3) the method can adopt a rotary kiln for roasting, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production;
4) the invention can enrich nickel contained in various raw materials;
5) the flotation and magnetic separation have higher separation and enrichment efficiency, and are suitable for large-scale industrial production;
6) the pollution of the tailings can be eliminated by adopting a clean production technology, and secondary environmental pollution cannot be caused;
7) the tailings can be utilized to the maximum extent, and zero emission of the tailings is basically realized;
8) carrying out magnetic separation on scavenged tailings, and carrying out rough concentration, fine concentration and scavenging to obtain iron ore concentrate;
9) the magnetic separation tailings are high-silicon slag and can be utilized by building material industry and cement plants.
The method can be implemented by using a rotary kiln, a flotation machine and a magnetic separator for large-scale industrial production.
In conclusion, the technical process adopted by the invention is easy to realize; by adopting conventional common equipment, under the condition of the same construction scale, the construction investment is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced; the method has no requirement on raw materials basically, and can treat various types of tailings. The invention can produce high-grade nickel concentrate and iron concentrate. The method of the invention is a production technology which has low investment, low cost, simple process and no environmental pollution and can adapt to various roasted tailings or non-roasted tailings.
In the method of the present invention, when the roasted pellet is cooled with water after the roasting, the chloride additive is partially dissolved in the water to obtain an aqueous solution containing the chloride additive. And taking out the cooled roasted balls, adding water for grinding, dissolving the residual chloride additive in water in the grinding process, and obtaining the water solution containing the chloride additive by using a filter pressing method. The two parts of the water solution containing the chloride additive can be recycled for pelletizing, so that the chloride additive can be recycled, and the cost is saved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements that are within the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the following claims.
Claims (25)
1. The method for enriching the nickel is characterized in that the raw material is roasted under the reducing atmosphere to enrich the nickel in the raw material; the roasting temperature is 600-850 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the raw material is fired in a firing zone, and the temperature difference between the firing zone and the raw material is 50-250 ℃.
3. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 2, wherein the temperature at the highest temperature in the firing zone is 650 ℃ to 850 ℃.
4. The method for nickel enrichment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the raw material moves in the roasting zone, and the temperature of the roasting zone is gradually increased along the moving path of the raw material.
5. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is preheated before roasting; preheating the raw materials in a static state, wherein the preheating temperature is 300-600 ℃; or the raw material is preheated in the moving process, the preheating temperature is gradually increased along the moving route of the raw material, and the lowest preheating temperature is 300-600 ℃.
6. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 5, wherein the preheating of the raw material is performed at a minimum preheating temperature 50 ℃ to 300 ℃ lower than the maximum preheating temperature.
7. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the maximum preheating temperature is lower than or equal to the minimum roasting temperature.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the roasting apparatus has an inlet and an outlet; the temperature at the inlet of the roasting device is 300-600 ℃, and the temperature at the outlet of the roasting device is 650-850 ℃; the raw materials are moved from an inlet to an outlet in a roasting device, preheated and roasted.
9. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 8, wherein the roasting device is gradually heated from an inlet to an outlet; the temperature at the inlet is lowest and the temperature at the outlet is highest.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing atmosphere is formed by calcining a reducing agent.
11. The method for nickel enrichment of claim 10, wherein the reductant comprises char and/or coal.
12. The treatment method for enriching nickel according to claim 10, wherein the addition amount of the reducing agent is 1 to 20% by weight of the raw material.
13. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is calcined after adding an additive comprising calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium chloride and/or magnesium chloride; or the additive comprises calcium chloride and sodium chloride, and the dosage ratio of the calcium chloride to the sodium chloride is 1: 0.5-2.
14. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 13, wherein the calcium chloride, copper chloride, sodium chloride and/or magnesium chloride is used in an amount of 5-25% by weight of the raw material.
15. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is calcined after adding an additive comprising a sulfur-containing material and a copper-containing material, respectively, or both of them.
16. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 15, wherein the sulfur-containing material contains 0.5-20% of sulfur by weight of the raw material; in the copper-containing material, the content of copper is 0.5-20% of the weight of the raw materials.
17. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 15, wherein the sulfur-containing material is elemental sulfur, a sulfur compound, or a material containing a sulfur compound; the copper-containing material is a copper simple substance, a copper compound or a material containing a copper compound; in the sulfur and copper containing material, copper and sulfur are present in the form of simple substances and/or compounds.
18. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 17, wherein the material containing both sulfur and copper is a copper sulfide mineral; the copper sulfide minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, squaraine, tetrahedrite, tennantite and/or enargite.
19. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is calcined after adding an additive, wherein the additive comprises clay minerals, the clay minerals are added in an amount of 0.5-10% of the raw material, and the clay minerals are selected from kaolin, montmorillonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, rectorite, bentonite and/or diatomite.
20. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 1, wherein an additive and a reducing agent are added to the raw material, and the raw material, the reducing agent and the additive are mixed, pelletized and then calcined; and (3) roasting the reducing agent after all the reducing agent is pelletized with the raw material, or pelletizing 60-95% of the reducing agent with the raw material, and not pelletizing the rest reducing agent with the raw material.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcined product is cooled in a liquid, in a reducing or inert gas, or in a landfill with solids.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the calcined product is cooled from the calcining device directly into a liquid.
23. The method for enriching nickel according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) providing an additive and a reducing agent, mixing the raw materials, the additive and the reducing agent, and pelletizing;
2) preheating the pellets for 20-300 minutes at 300-750 ℃; then roasting for 20-200 minutes at 600-850 ℃;
3) cooling the roasted product in liquid, reducing gas or inert gas or burying solid, and grinding the cooled roasted balls;
4) after grinding, entering a flotation process, and performing flotation to obtain nickel-enriched concentrate.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedstock comprises raw ore, concentrate, tailings, cinder, and/or ore smelting tailings containing nickel.
25. A material for the extraction of nickel, characterised in that it has been obtained by a process according to any one of the preceding claims and has a particle size after grinding of between 0.03mm and 0.1 mm.
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