CN102776357A

CN102776357A - Method for processing lateritic nickel ore by microwave-ammonia leaching

Info

Publication number: CN102776357A
Application number: CN2012102162124A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘岩
Original assignee: Northeastern University China
Current assignee: Northeastern University China
Priority date: 2012-06-28
Filing date: 2012-06-28
Publication date: 2012-11-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing lateritic nickel ore by microwave-ammonia leaching. The method particularly comprises dosing, material mixing, pelletizing, drying, microwave heating, cooling, ammonia leaching and filtering. According to the process, the lateritic nickel ore, a carbon source and an additive are mixed, heating and reduction are performed through microwaves, a microwave reduction product is then subjected to ammonia leaching, and nickel is extracted. The method has the advantages that the heating speed fast, the reduction efficiency is high, the extracted nickel subjected to ammonia leaching has good selectivity and the like.

Description

A kind of microwave-ammonia soaks the method for handling red soil nickel ore

Technical field

The present invention relates to the non-ferrous metallurgy technology field, be specifically related to provide microwave-ammonia soaking technology to handle the method for red soil nickel ore.

Background technology

Nickel is a kind of hard, tough, forgeable silvery white metal, and nickel is widely used in industrial every field as structured material and functional materials in the modern society.

The mineral of nickel mainly comprise two kinds of sulfide type mineral and oxidized form mineral.There is tangible interface owing to different intercrystallines in the sulfide type mineral; Be easy to be broken into gangue particle and dissociated sulfide mineral particle; Can valuable mineral dissociated out from ore according to particulate surface property and particulate magneticinduction discards gangue, and the part of separating that contains a large amount of valuable minerals is become concentrate by enrichment.Different with sulphide ores, the valuable mineral of the oxidized form mineral of nickel is similar with the remaining valence link characteristic in gangue quartz mineral interface, causes the flotation agent poor selectivity, adopts the method concentration and separation difficulty of ore dressing, and the recovery is low; Further limit its development and use because basic gangue content is high and the valuable metal occurrence status is complicated again, the refining nickel output that makes reserves account for the red soil nickel ore production of nickel total reserves more than 60% only accounts for about 23% of ultimate production.But such mineral of nickel have reserves big, be easy to advantage such as exploitation, therefore, along with the growing tension of nickel resources, the utilization of red soil nickel ore becomes current research focus gradually.

The existing method of handling red soil nickel ore comprises wet method and pyrogenic process, and two kinds of methods comprise the different processes route again.Wherein wet method mainly contains: normal pressure pickling process, pressure pickling process, biological lixiviation process.The advantage of wet method is that the recovery and the purity of nickel is all higher, and shortcoming is a long flow path, complex equipments.The existing pyrometallurgical smelting method of red soil nickel ore comprises: retailoring ferronickel technology-small furnace technology, matte smelting technology, rotary kiln-eaf process.Its advantage is that flow process is short, but because the nickel content in the red soil nickel ore is generally lower, so mass energy consumption is being melted on the slag in the traditional technology.

Summary of the invention

The present situation of and highly energy-consuming low to efficient in the existing red soil nickel ore smelting process the invention provides the method that a kind of microwave-ammonia soaks the technical finesse red soil nickel ore.

Main flow process of the present invention is: ball-drying---microwave heating-cooling-ammonia soaks-filters for batching-batch mixing-make.This method may further comprise the steps:

(1), it is subsequent use less than 1mm red soil nickel ore to be ground to granularity;

(2), the red soil nickel ore that step (1) is prepared compares uniform mixing with carbonaceous reducing agent, additive by certain mass.Wherein the quality of carbonaceous reducing agent is 1～20% of a red soil nickel ore quality, and the additive quality is 0～50% of a red soil nickel ore quality;

(3), raw material thorough mixing that step (2) is prepared is even, process behind the pelletizing at 120 ℃ of following drying and dehydratings;

(4), place microwave equipment to add thermal reduction the dry pelletizing of step (3) gained, be 1～120min heat-up time

(5), with step (4) gained reduzate cooling, broken back by liquid-solid ratio 1～5: 1 ratio places the leaching plant that contains ammonia solution, ammonia leaching 0.5～3h under room temperature～90 ℃, bubbling air condition;

(6), step (5) gained solution is filtered; Obtain nickeliferous ammonia solution and filter residue; Ammonia solution continues on for using in the step (4), reaches 0.5～12.0g/L until the concentration of nickel and obtains the nickel strong solution, carries nickel with extraction process; Perhaps extract the nickel in the nickel strong solution with the sulphide precipitation deposition, the solution behind raffinate and the removal nickelous sulfide all can and replenish suitable ammonia and ammonium salt through adjustment be used further to step (4); Filter residue is used to carry iron as iron-smelting raw material.

Carbonaceous reducing agent in the step according to the invention (2) comprises various carbon raw materials such as gac, brown coal, bituminous coal, hard coal, charcoal, coke, graphite, carbon dust.Additive comprises wilkinite, Wingdale, peridotites, rhombspar, lime carbonate, magnesiumcarbonate and self-control composite additive.

Microwave equipment comprises intermittent type industrial microwave oven or continous way industrial microwave oven or microwave fluidized-bed in the step according to the invention (4).

Ammonia solution is ammoniacal liquor and ammonia chloride or sulfate of ammoniac or volatile salt liquid mixture prepared in the step according to the invention (5), and total ammonia amount is at 2～6mol/L, and the mol ratio of ammonia and ammonium salt is 1～10: 1; Leaching plant comprises ball milling leaching plant or high pressure leaching plant or normal pressure leaching plant.

The invention has the advantages that the fast efficient of microwave reduction and the efficient and selectivity that ammonia soaks, leached mud can be used as iron-smelting raw material, and ammonia solution can repeatedly recycle, and greatly reduces the discharging of waste liquid and waste residue, has good economic benefits and social benefit.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Raw material is certain nickel laterite, consists of: Ni:0.9%, Fe ₂O ₃46.1%, MgO:12.6%, SiO ₂: 10.1%.

Nickel laterite is ground to below the 45 μ m, itself and gac and quicklime are pressed 1: 01: 0.1 uniform mixing of mass ratio after, process pelletizing; Dry 24h under 120 ℃; Place intermittent type microwave equipment to add thermal reduction 10min group behind the dry ball, reduzate places the ball-grinding machine that contains ammonia solution in 2: 1 ratio of liquid-solid ratio after being cooled to room temperature, and at room temperature ball milling leaches 1h; Filter; Filtrating turns back in the extract technology continues to use, and reaches 6g/L until the concentration of nickel, adopts extraction process to extract nickel.

Embodiment 2

Raw material is certain nickel laterite, consists of: Ni:1.6%, Fe2O3 31.1%, MgO:15.6%, SiO2:33.5%..

Nickel laterite is ground to below the 75 μ m, itself and gac and rhombspar are pressed 1: 015: 0.2 uniform mixing of mass ratio after, process pelletizing; Dry 24h under 120 ℃; Place continuous-type microwave equipment to add thermal reduction 30min group behind the dry ball, grog places the normal pressure that contains ammonia solution to leach still in 5: 1 ratio of liquid-solid ratio, under room temperature and bubbling air flow velocity 10L/min condition, leaches 1.5h; Filter; Filtrating turns back in the extract technology continues to use, and reaches 10g/L until the concentration of nickel, adopts sulphide precipitation to extract nickel.

Claims

1. method that microwave-ammonia soaks the technical finesse red soil nickel ore is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

(4), place microwave equipment to add thermal reduction the dry pelletizing of step (3) gained, be 1～120min heat-up time;

(5), with step (4) gained reduzate cooling, broken back by liquid-solid ratio 1～5: 1 ratio places the leaching plant that contains ammonia solution, ammonia leaching 0.5～3h under room temperature～90 ℃ and bubbling air condition;

(6), step (5) gained solution is filtered, obtain nickeliferous ammonia solution and filter residue, ammonia solution continues on for using in the step (4), reaches 0.5～12.0g/L until the concentration of nickel and obtains the nickel strong solution.

2. microwave-ammonia according to claim 1 soaks the method for technical finesse red soil nickel ore, it is characterized in that: the reductive agent of use comprises carbon raw materials such as gac, brown coal, bituminous coal, hard coal, charcoal, coke, graphite, carbon dust.Additive comprises wilkinite, Wingdale, peridotites, rhombspar, lime carbonate, magnesiumcarbonate and self-control composite additive.

3. microwave-ammonia according to claim 1 soaks the method for technical finesse red soil nickel ore, it is characterized in that: microwave equipment comprises intermittent type industrial microwave oven or continous way industrial microwave oven or microwave fluidized-bed.

4. microwave-ammonia according to claim 1 soaks the method for technical finesse red soil nickel ore; It is characterized in that: ammonia solution is ammoniacal liquor and ammonia chloride or sulfate of ammoniac or volatile salt liquid mixture prepared; Total ammonia amount is at 2～6mol/L, and the mol ratio of ammonia and ammonium salt is 1～10: 1; Leaching plant comprises ball milling leaching plant or high pressure leaching plant or normal pressure leaching plant.