CN114685218A - Special fertilizer for potatoes as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for potatoes as well as preparation method and application of special fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114685218A CN114685218A CN202210384941.4A CN202210384941A CN114685218A CN 114685218 A CN114685218 A CN 114685218A CN 202210384941 A CN202210384941 A CN 202210384941A CN 114685218 A CN114685218 A CN 114685218A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 374
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 90
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 4
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000002601 urease inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229940090496 Urease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 166.7kg Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010051814 Eschar Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000813090 Rhizoctonia solani Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 231100000333 eschar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEPPIYNOUFWEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-diaminophosphinothioylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCNP(N)(N)=S HEPPIYNOUFWEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a special fertilizer for potatoes, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. A special fertilizer for potatoes comprises 14-18 parts of a nitrogenous fertilizer, 16-20 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 parts of a potash fertilizer, 0.4-0.6 part of a zinc fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 part of a manganese fertilizer, 0.008-0.01 part of a fertilizer slow release agent and 15-30 parts of a biological organic fertilizer; the weight of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2And (4) measuring O. The special fertilizer for potatoes is characterized in that the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer is reduced, the proportion of a biological organic fertilizer and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is reasonably configured, trace elements Mn and Zn necessary for potato growth are added into the special fertilizer, and a fertilizer slow release agent is matched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer pesticides, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for potatoes, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The potato is the fourth main grain crop in China, the sowing area in the whole country in 2020 is 600 hectares, and the yield is about 9000 ten thousand tons. Fertilization is a material basis for increasing the yield of potatoes, but as the nutrient absorption characteristics of the potatoes by growers are not clear, unbalanced fertilization and excessive fertilization phenomena are serious, the fertilization benefit is low, the fertilizer utilization rate is poor, and even the situation of increasing the yield and not increasing the income occurs. In addition, due to the fact that a large number of continuous cropping plants are planted in the main production area in successive years, continuous cropping and stubble-receiving phenomena are common, continuous cropping obstacles of soil are serious, and not only is the further improvement of the yield of the potatoes influenced, but also the quality of the potatoes is seriously influenced. The formula of the fertilizer suitable for being applied to the main potato production area is developed, and the fertilizer has important significance for high-yield and high-efficiency green planting of the potatoes.
Aiming at the condition of excessive application of the chemical fertilizer at present, the concept of a fertilizer reduction technology is derived, and the crop yield can still be not reduced under the condition of reducing the application amount of the fertilizer. In the prior art, potato fertilizers mainly focus on promoting the yield of potatoes, improving the quality of potatoes, reducing the application times of the fertilizers and the like, and relatively few researches are carried out on fertilizer reduction in the fertilization of potatoes.
Aiming at the problem of fertilization of potatoes, among the three elements of potato fertilizers, the potatoes are generally considered to require the most potassium fertilizer, the second nitrogen fertilizer and the least phosphate fertilizer. In the prior art, the purpose of increasing yield and high yield is achieved by increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the excessive application of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer has low utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer or the potassium fertilizer, thereby not only influencing the absorption of other nutrient elements by crops, but also influencing the cold resistance, drought resistance and lodging resistance of the crops, easily causing soil hardening to cause continuous cropping and stubble-turning of potatoes, and also obviously increasing the production cost. Aiming at the characteristic of fertilizer requirement in the potato growth process, the problems of obviously reducing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, obviously reducing the yield or quality of the potatoes and the like are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a fertilizer special for potatoes, which can significantly improve the yield and quality of potatoes while reducing the contents of nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers in the fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special fertilizer for potatoes, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 14-18 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 16-20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 parts of potassium fertilizer, 0.4-0.6 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.008-0.01 part of fertilizer slow release agent and 15-30 parts of bio-organic fertilizer; the weight of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2And (4) measuring O.
Preferably, the special fertilizer for potatoes comprises the following components in parts by mass: 16 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.01 part of fertilizer slow release agent and 25 parts of biological organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises beneficial bacteria. The beneficial bacteria preferably comprise trichoderma harzianum and bacillus mucilaginosus; the effective viable count of trichoderma harzianum in the biological organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 1.3 hundred million/gram, the effective viable count of bacillus mucilaginosus is preferably more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/gram, and the total effective viable count is preferably more than or equal to 1.5 hundred million/gram.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of urea, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen; the phosphate fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and calcium phosphate; the potassium fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and plant ash; the fertilizer slow release agent preferably comprises a nitrogen fertilizer slow release agent.
The invention provides a preparation method of the special potato fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and granulating the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer and the fertilizer slow-release agent to obtain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles;
and mixing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles with a biological organic fertilizer to obtain the special fertilizer for the potatoes.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing sheep manure, furfural residues and humic acid, granulating, drying, spraying beneficial bacteria to the obtained mixture, and coating.
The invention also provides application of the special potato fertilizer in potato planting.
Preferably, the special fertilizer for potatoes is applied as a base fertilizer.
Preferably, when the special fertilizer for potatoes is applied as a base fertilizer, the application amount of the special fertilizer for potatoes is 750-1500 kg/hm2。
Preferably, when the special fertilizer for potatoes is applied as a base fertilizer, the special fertilizer further comprises a top dressing fertilizer, wherein the top dressing fertilizer is preferably used for top dressing of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in the middle and later periods of potato planting, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 103.5-172.5 kg/hm2The application amount of the potash fertilizer is preferably 180-270 kg/hm2。
The invention provides a special fertilizer for potatoes. The special fertilizer for potatoes is added with the fertilizer slow release agent, so that the hydrolysis speed of the fertilizer can be effectively inhibited, the nutrients of the fertilizer are slowly released, and the effective period of the fertilizer is prolonged; the content of organic matters in the soil can be effectively increased by adding the biological organic fertilizer. The special fertilizer for potatoes provided by the invention has the advantages that the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is reduced, the proportion of the biological organic fertilizer and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is reasonably configured, the special fertilizer for potatoes is added with trace elements Mn and Zn necessary for potato growth, and a fertilizer slow release agent is matched, so that the special fertilizer for potatoes can meet the requirements of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in the early stage of potato growth, and the yield and the quality of potatoes are improved. The special fertilizer for the potatoes, provided by the invention, can obviously improve the yield, the weight of single potatoes, the weight of commercial potatoes, the starch content and the like of the potatoes, and can also obviously reduce the incidence rate of scab caused by main diseases and insect pests of the potatoes. The results of the examples show that the special fertilizer for potatoes, provided by the invention, can be used as a base fertilizer to remarkably improve the yield of potatoes by combining various nutrient elements and the proportion of various components, and meanwhile, the weight of single potatoes, the commodity potato rate, the starch content and the like are remarkably improved, and the comprehensive quality of potatoes is improved. The special fertilizer for the potatoes can also obviously reduce the incidence rate of the main diseases of the potatoes, namely scab.
Furthermore, on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes provided by the invention, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and urease inhibitor are additionally applied, or a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum is added in a biological organic fertilizer, so that the effect of increasing the yield of the potatoes is not greatly influenced, and the effect does not reach the level of difference significance. Further, the special fertilizer for the potatoes, provided by the invention, can obviously improve the yield and the quality of the potatoes, and meanwhile, a large amount of loss of nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers is avoided.
Furthermore, compared with the traditional agricultural fertilizing method, the yield of the special fertilizer for potatoes is increased by 0.1-10.2 t/hm compared with the yield of the special fertilizer used by farmers2Average production increase of 2.9t/hm2The yield is increased by 0.2-23.8 percent and the average yield is increased by 7.5 percent. The net income of the special fertilizer matched with urea and potassium chloride is 16837.5-58877.5 yuan/hm2The net income of the farmers is 15031.7-51502.5 yuan/hm2Increasing the yield of 451.7-12642.5 yuan/hm2Average 3841.6 yuan/hm2。
Detailed Description
The invention provides a special fertilizer for potatoes, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 14-18 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 16-20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.4-0.6 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.008-0.01 part of fertilizer slow release agent and 15-30 parts of biological organic fertilizer; the weight of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2And (4) measuring O.
The special fertilizer for the potatoes comprises, by mass, 14-18 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, preferably 15-17 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, and more preferably 16 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer. In the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of urea, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and further preferably comprises urea, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, or urea. The nitrogen fertilizer source is not specially limited, and the nitrogen fertilizer can be prepared by adopting conventional commercial products. In the embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
The special fertilizer for the potatoes comprises 16-20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, preferably 17-19 parts of phosphate fertilizer, and more preferably 18 parts of nitrogen fertilizer. In the present invention, the phosphate fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and calcium phosphate. The source of the phosphate fertilizer is not specially limited, and the phosphate fertilizer can be prepared by adopting conventional commercial products. In the embodiment of the invention, monoammonium phosphate is selected as the phosphate fertilizer.
The special fertilizer for the potatoes comprises 8-12 parts of potassium fertilizer, preferably 9-11 parts of potassium fertilizer, and more preferably 10 parts of nitrogen fertilizer by mass. In the invention, the potash fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and plant ash. The source of the potash fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial product is adopted. In the embodiment of the invention, the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride.
The special fertilizer for potatoes comprises 0.4-0.6 part of zinc fertilizer, preferably 0.5 part of nitrogen fertilizer by mass. In the present invention, the zinc fertilizer preferably includes one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, and zinc phosphate, and more preferably zinc sulfate. The zinc fertilizer source is not specially limited, and the zinc fertilizer can be prepared by adopting conventional commercial products.
The special fertilizer for potatoes comprises 0.2-0.4 part of manganese fertilizer by mass, preferably 0.3 part of nitrogen fertilizer. In the present invention, the manganese fertilizer preferably includes one or more of manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese oxide and manganese carbonate, more preferably manganese sulfate. The source of the manganese fertilizer is not specially limited, and the manganese fertilizer can be prepared by adopting conventional commercial products.
The special fertilizer for potatoes comprises, by mass, 0.008-0.01 part of a fertilizer slow-release agent, and preferably 0.01 part of a nitrogen fertilizer. In the invention, the fertilizer slow-release agent preferably comprises a nitrogen fertilizer slow-release agent, and the nitrogen fertilizer slow-release agent preferably comprises a urease inhibitor or a nitrification inhibitor, and more preferably comprises a urease inhibitor. The urease inhibitor can inhibit the hydrolysis speed of urea, slowly release nitrogen fertilizer, prolong the effective period of the nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the volatilization and nitration of ammonium nitrogen, improve the environment and improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer. The source of the fertilizer slow-release agent is not specially limited, the fertilizer slow-release agent is prepared from a conventional commercial product, and the fertilizer slow-release agent in the embodiment of the invention is urease inhibitor selected from n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide (NBPT) produced by Zhejiang and Jinhui new material GmbH.
The special fertilizer for potatoes comprises 15-30 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, preferably 20-25 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, and more preferably 25 parts of bio-organic fertilizer by mass. In the invention, the biological organic fertilizer preferably comprises organic matters and beneficial bacteria; the raw materials of the organic matters preferably comprise one or more of sheep manure, furfural residues and humic acid, and the mass percentage of the organic matters in the biological organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 45%. In the invention, the viable count of beneficial bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 1.5 hundred million/g, more preferably 1.5 to 4.2 hundred million/g, even more preferably 1.5 to 3.656 hundred million/g, even more preferably 1.8 to 3.3 hundred million/g, and even more preferably 2 to 2.6 hundred million/g. The beneficial bacteria preferably comprise trichoderma harzianum and bacillus mucilaginosus, the viable count of the trichoderma harzianum in the bio-organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 1.3 hundred million/g, more preferably 1.3 to 3.5 hundred million/g, even more preferably 1.4 to 3.432 hundred million/g, even more preferably 1.5 to 2.7 hundred million/g, and even more preferably 1.6 to 2.1 hundred million/g; the viable count of the bacillus mucilaginosus is preferably not less than 0.2 hundred million/g, more preferably 0.2 to 0.7 hundred million/g, even more preferably 0.224 to 0.6 hundred million/g, even more preferably 0.3 to 0.6 hundred million/g, and even more preferably 0.4 to 0.5 hundred million/g. The beneficial bacteria can decompose and activate insoluble phosphorus and potassium in soil and fertilizer, and can effectively prevent and treat potato root soil-borne diseases caused by streptomyces scabiosus, rhizoctonia solani, eschar farinosa, pythium aphanidermatum, fusarium and the like. The source of the biological organic fertilizer is not particularly limited, the biological organic fertilizer can be obtained by adopting conventional commercial products or self-preparation, and the biological organic fertilizer is a granular biological organic fertilizer produced by inner Mongolia moist source biotechnology limited in the embodiment of the invention.
In the present invention, when the bio-organic fertilizer is provided by a self-preparation method, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises the following steps: mixing sheep manure, furfural residues and humic acid, granulating, drying, spraying beneficial bacteria, and coating. In the present invention, the granulation preferably includes disc granulation or high tower granulation. The beneficial bacteria spraying process preferably comprises cooling before spraying, wherein the cooling can avoid the bacteria burning phenomenon in the drying process, can not cause the death of the bacteria, and keeps the activity of the beneficial bacteria.
The invention provides a preparation method of the special potato fertilizer in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and granulating the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer and the fertilizer slow-release agent to obtain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles;
and mixing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles with a biological organic fertilizer to obtain the special fertilizer for the potatoes.
The nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer and the fertilizer slow-release agent are mixed and granulated to obtain the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles.
Before the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer and the fertilizer slow-release agent are mixed and granulated, the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer and the fertilizer slow-release agent are preferably respectively crushed and then mixed. In the present invention, the mixing granulation method preferably includes disc granulation or high tower granulation. The present invention has no special requirements for the specific implementation process of the mixing granulation, and the method can be adopted by the method well known by the technical personnel in the field.
After the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles are obtained, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer are mixed to obtain the special fertilizer for the potatoes. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is granulated and then mixed with the biological organic fertilizer, so that the phenomenon of fertilizer sterilization can be prevented, and the activity of strains in the special fertilizer for potatoes is maintained to the maximum extent.
The invention also provides application of the special fertilizer for potatoes in the technical scheme in potato planting.
The special fertilizer for potatoes is preferably applied as a base fertilizer. The special fertilizer for potatoes is applied as a base fertilizer during seeding, and the optimal dosage is 750-1500 kg/hm2Further preferably 800 to 1000kg/hm2More preferably 900kg/hm2. In the invention, the special purpose of the potato isWhen the fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, preferably, the fertilizer also comprises additional fertilizer, preferably, the additional fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied in the middle and later periods of potato planting, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 103.5-172.5 kg/hm2More preferably 138g/hm2(ii) a The application amount of the potash fertilizer is preferably 180-270 kg/hm2More preferably 225kg/hm2. In the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably urea, and the potassium fertilizer is preferably potassium chloride. In the present invention, the top dressing is preferably applied in two times. The two topdressing periods are preferably the early stage of potato flowering and the full stage of potato flowering.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the fertilizer specially used for potato, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The parts mentioned in the following examples are parts by mass.
Example 1
(1) 276.1kg of urea (containing N46 percent), monoammonium phosphate (containing N11 percent and P2O560%) 300.0kg, potassium chloride (containing K)2O60%), 166.7kg, zinc sulfate 5.0kg, manganese sulfate 3.0kg and urease inhibitor 0.1kg, and then granulating to obtain the NPK compound fertilizer granules.
(2) The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles are mixed with 249.1kg of granular bio-organic fertilizer produced by Nemontage Ruozi source biotechnology limited, the viable count of beneficial bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer is 3.656 hundred million/g, the viable count of Trichoderma harzianum in the beneficial bacteria is 3.432 hundred million/g, and the viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus is 0.224 hundred million/g, so that the special fertilizer for potatoes is 1000 kg.
The nutrient content of the special fertilizer for potatoes obtained in the embodiment is as follows: the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer is 16:18:10, and the fertilizer contains 0.01 part of urease inhibitor, 0.5 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer and 25 parts of biological organic fertilizer based on the mass part of the nitrogenous fertilizer. The nutrient content of the obtained special fertilizer for potatoes is more than or equal to 44%, the content of organic matters in the obtained special fertilizer for potatoes is more than or equal to 10%, and the content of beneficial bacteria in the obtained special fertilizer for potatoes is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g. Meets the national requirement standard of the compound fertilizer GB/T15063-2020.
Example 2
The following test was carried out using the fertilizer for potato prepared in example 1 as a base fertilizer and was designated as SP group.
The test is carried out at Wuchuan test station of Mongolian agriculture and animal husbandry academy of sciences in Mongolian Wuchuan county in 2020, three repeated tests are set and randomly arranged, and the area of each test cell is 40m2. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: when the potatoes are sown, 900kg/hm of base fertilizer is applied2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. The potatoes are planted in a high-ridge drip irrigation mode, the ridge distance is 1m, the plant spacing is 20cm, the topdressing technology is adopted for applying fertilizer with water, and a fertilizer application tank is installed in each cell for topdressing. And (3) when the potatoes are harvested, the yield is calculated by independently harvesting each cell, the scab incidence rate is investigated, and meanwhile, the potato weight is sampled and determined, the potato rate of the commodity is determined, and the starch content is determined.
Comparative example 2-1
Fertilizing and field management are carried out according to the mode of the embodiment 2, and the difference is that no nitrogen fertilizer is added, specifically no nitrogen fertilizer and no urease inhibitor are added into the base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components: heavy superphosphate containing P is used as phosphate fertilizer2O546 percent of the total amount of the fertilizer, and the specific addition amount of 391.3kg of the potash fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer and the urease inhibitor are prepared into 815.1kg of compound fertilizer by the preparation method of the example 1 in the same way as the example 1. 733.6kg/hm of base fertilizer is applied when the potatoes are sown2Meanwhile, no nitrogen fertilizer is added in the additional fertilizer, and specifically 175kg/hm of potassium chloride is additionally applied at the early stage of flowering of the potatoes in 7-month and 15-day2Additionally applying 200kg/hm of potassium chloride in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2No additional application of urea was performed, for short SP-N group.
Comparative examples 2 to 2
Fertilizing and field management are carried out according to the mode of the embodiment 2, and the difference is that no phosphate fertilizer is added, specifically, no phosphate fertilizer is added into the base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer specifically comprises the following components: the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the mode of urea additionThe additive amount of the fertilizer is 347.8kg, and 771.7kg of compound fertilizer is prepared by the same addition amounts of the potash fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer and the urease inhibitor as in example 1 and by the preparation method of example 1. 694.5kg/hm base fertilizer is applied when the potatoes are sown2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2Abbreviated as SP-P group.
Comparative examples 2 to 3
Fertilizing and field management are carried out according to the mode of the example 2, and the difference is that no potassium fertilizer is added, specifically, no potassium fertilizer is added into the base fertilizer, and the addition amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer and a urease inhibitor in the specific composition of the base fertilizer is the same as that in the example 1, and 833.3kg of compound fertilizer is prepared by adopting the preparation method in the example 1. 750.0kg/hm of base fertilizer is applied when the potatoes are sown2Meanwhile, no potash fertilizer is added in the additional fertilizer, and specifically 150kg/hm of urea is additionally applied at the early stage of flowering of the potatoes in 7-month and 15-day2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2Abbreviated as SP-K group.
Comparative examples 2 to 4
Fertilization and field management were performed in the manner of example 2, except that no zinc fertilizer was added, specifically no zinc fertilizer was added to the base fertilizer, and the addition amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, urease inhibitor and bio-organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer composition and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer were the same as in example 1. When the potatoes are sown, 900kg/hm of base fertilizer is applied2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2Abbreviated as SP-Zn group.
Comparative examples 2 to 5
Fertilization and field management were performed in the manner of example 2, except that no manganese fertilizer was added, specifically no manganese fertilizer was added to the base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer specifically consisted of medium nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, urease inhibitor and bio-organic fertilizer added and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer was the same as example 1. PotatoWhen sowing, 900kg/hm of base fertilizer is applied2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2Abbreviated as SP-Mn group.
Comparative examples 2 to 6
Fertilization and field management were performed in the manner of example 2, except that no urease inhibitor was added, specifically, no urease inhibitor was added to the base fertilizer, and the addition amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer in the specific composition of the base fertilizer and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer were the same as in example 1. When the potatoes are sown, 900kg/hm of base fertilizer is applied2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2Abbreviated as SP-NBPT group.
Comparative examples 2 to 7
Fertilization and field management were performed in the manner of example 2, except that no bio-organic fertilizer was added, specifically, no bio-organic fertilizer was added to the base fertilizer, and the addition amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and urease inhibitor in the specific composition of the base fertilizer and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer were the same as in example 1. 675.8kg/hm base fertilizer is applied when the potatoes are sown2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2Abbreviated as SP-M group.
Application example 1
The yield of the individual harvests of each cell of example 2 and comparative examples 2-1 to 2-7 at harvest is shown in Table 1-1.
Yield loss (%) - (whole fertility area (SP group) yield-deficient area (e.g., SP-N group) yield)/deficient area (e.g., SP-N group) yield x 100
Incidence (%) is the number of diseased plants/total investigated x 100
Disease index (%) ═ Σ (number of diseased plants at each stage × disease-grade value)/(total number of investigated plants × highest-grade value) × 100
TABLE 1-1 Effect of different treatments on Potato yield
Note: the same treatment indicates that the letters are the same and the letters are different, indicating that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05), and the letters are different and indicating that the difference is significant (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from Table 1-1, the SP group showed the highest yield, and the lack of N, P, K, Zn, Mn, urease inhibitors and bio-organic fertilizers reduced the yield. In the special fertilizer for potatoes, the addition of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a urease inhibitor and a biological organic fertilizer can obviously improve the yield of potatoes.
Application example 2
Quality characteristics such as the weight of sweet potatoes, the rate of commercial sweet potatoes, the content of starch measured, the incidence rate of scab and the like which were separately harvested in each cell of example 2 and comparative examples 2-1 to 2-7 at the time of harvest are shown in Table 1-2.
TABLE 1-2 Effect of different treatments on Potato quality traits
Note: the same letters in each index of the same treatment indicate that the difference did not reach a significant level (P > 0.05), and the different letters indicate that the difference reached a significant level (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from tables 1-2, the single potato weight and the commercial potato rate of the SP group are highest, and the single potato weight and the commercial potato rate are reduced due to the lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, urease inhibitors and bio-organic fertilizers. Meanwhile, the incidence rate and disease index of potato scab disease are obviously reduced by applying the bio-organic fertilizer.
In conclusion, the special fertilizer for the potatoes provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield, the single potato weight, the commodity potato rate and the starch content of the potatoes, and can obviously reduce the incidence of the main soil-borne diseases, namely scab, of the potatoes.
Comparative example 3-1
Fertilizing and field management are carried out according to the mode of example 2, and the difference is that nitrogen fertilizer dosage is increased on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes, the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to phosphorus fertilizer to potassium fertilizer is changed to 21:18:10, the increased nitrogen fertilizer is added in the mode of urea, 108.7kg of urea is applied on the basis of example 1, and 1108.7kg of compound fertilizer is prepared. The application amount of the base fertilizer is 997.8kg/hm during sowing2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. N, P is used as the weight of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2O5And K2O is calculated, and the total fertilizing amount is N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is (327: 162: 315) kg/hm2SP + N group for short.
Comparative examples 3 to 2
Fertilizing and field management are carried out according to the mode of the embodiment 2, and the difference is that in the treatment, the using amount of a phosphate fertilizer is increased on the basis of a special fertilizer for potatoes, the mass ratio of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer to a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is changed to 16:23:10, the added phosphate fertilizer is added in a triple superphosphate mode, and the triple superphosphate contains P2O546% of the total amount of calcium superphosphate was added to 108.7kg of the compound fertilizer in example 1 to prepare 1108.7kg of the compound fertilizer. The application amount of the base fertilizer is 997.8kg/hm during sowing2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. N, P is used as the weight of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2O5And K2O is calculated, and the total fertilizing amount is N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is (282: 207: 315) kg/hm2. Abbreviated as SP + P group.
Comparative examples 3 to 3
In the manner of example 2Fertilizing and field management are carried out, the difference is that the potassium fertilizer dosage is increased on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes in the treatment, the mass ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphorus fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 16:18:15, the added potassium fertilizer is added in a potassium chloride mode, 83.3kg of potassium chloride is added on the basis of example 1, and 1083.3kg of compound fertilizer is prepared. The application amount of the base fertilizer during sowing is 975kg/hm2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. N, P the weight of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2O5And K2O is calculated, and the total fertilizing amount is N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is (282: 162: 360) kg/hm2Referred to as SP + K group.
Comparative examples 3 to 4
The fertilizer application and the field management are carried out according to the mode of the example 2, and the difference is that in the treatment, the zinc fertilizer content is increased on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes, the zinc sulfate increase amount is 3.0kg per ton, the specific composition is that the addition amount of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer, a urease inhibitor and a biological organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer are the same as the example 1 except that the zinc sulfate is increased by 3.0 kg. The application amount of the base fertilizer during sowing is 900kg/hm2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. SP + Zn group for short.
Comparative examples 3 to 5
The fertilizer application and the field management are carried out according to the mode of the example 2, and the difference is that the manganese fertilizer content is increased on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes in the treatment, the manganese sulfate is increased by 2.0kg per ton, the specific composition of the base fertilizer is increased by 2.0kg except for the manganese sulfate, and the addition amounts of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer, the urease inhibitor and the biological organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer are the same as the example 1. The application amount of the base fertilizer during sowing is 900kg/hm2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. Abbreviated as SP + Mn group.
Comparative examples 3 to 6
Fertilization and field management were performed as in example 2, in which the urease inhibitor content was increased by 0.05kg on the basis of the potato specific fertilizer. The concrete composition of the base fertilizer is increased by 0.05kg except urease inhibitor, and the addition amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, urease inhibitor and biological organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer are the same as those in example 1. The application amount of the base fertilizer during sowing is 900kg/hm2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7 months and 15 days2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. Abbreviated as SP + NBPT group.
Comparative examples 3 to 7
Fertilizing and field management are carried out according to the mode of example 2, and the difference is that beneficial bacteria bacillus subtilis is added into the bio-organic fertilizer on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes in the treatment, and the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis added into the bio-organic fertilizer is 2 hundred million/g. The concrete composition of the base fertilizer is the same as that of example 1 except that 2 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis is added to the biological organic fertilizer, and the addition amounts of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer, the urease inhibitor and the biological organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the compound fertilizer are the same. The application amount of the base fertilizer during sowing is 900kg/hm2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7-month and 15-day period2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. Called SP + MJ group for short.
Comparative examples 3 to 8
Fertilizing and field management are carried out according to the mode of example 2, the using amount of the bio-organic fertilizer is increased on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes in the treatment, 200kg of the bio-organic fertilizer is increased on the basis of example 1, and 1200kg of compound fertilizer is prepared. The application amount of the base fertilizer is 1080kg/hm during sowing2. Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering in 7 months and 15 days2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage of 30 days in 7 months2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. Called SP + M group for short.
Application example 3
The yield of the individual harvests of each cell of example 2 and comparative examples 3-1 to 3-8 at harvest is shown in Table 2-1.
Yield increase (%) - (SP plus vegetarian yield-SP group yield)/SP plus vegetarian yield x 100
Incidence (%) is the number of diseased plants/total investigated x 100
Disease index (%). sigma (number of diseased plants at each stage x disease value)/(number of total investigated plants x highest value) × 100 table 2-1 influence of different treatments on potato yield
As shown in the table 2-1, on the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, urease inhibitor and bacillus subtilis are added, so that the effect of increasing the yield of the potatoes is small, and the difference is not obvious.
Application example 4
Quality characteristics such as the weight of sweet potatoes, the rate of commercial sweet potatoes, the content of starch measured, the incidence rate of scab and the like which were separately harvested in each cell of example 2 and comparative examples 3-1 to 3-8 at the time of harvest are shown in Table 2-2.
TABLE 2-2 Effect of different treatments on Potato quality traits
As seen from Table 2-2, the potatoes of SP + N, SP + P, SP + K, SP + Zn, SP + Mn, SP + NBPT, SP + MJ and SP + M had no significant increase in potato weight per unit, potato yield per unit and starch content relative to the potatoes of SP + N, SP + P, SP + K, SP + Zn, SP + Mn, SP + NBPT and SP + MJ. On the basis of the special fertilizer for potatoes, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, urease inhibitor and bacillus subtilis are added to have small influence on the weight of single potatoes, the commercial potato rate and the starch content of the potatoes. Compared with the SP group, the SP + MJ group has no obvious influence on the incidence rate and disease index of the potato scab, and the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum added in the bio-organic fertilizer has little influence on the incidence condition of the scab.
On the basis of the special potato fertilizer provided by the invention, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and urease inhibitor is increased, or bacillus subtilis beneficial bacteria is added into a bio-organic fertilizer, so that the influence on the yield, quality and disease resistance of potatoes is small. The special fertilizer for potatoes provided by the invention has a scientific and reasonable structure and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion.
Application example 5
In 2021 year, in Wuchuan county, Mongolia, 15-point multipoint comparison test was carried out, that is, 15 plots were used, wherein 2 blocks were arranged for each plot, and one plot was used as an experimental group, and the following test was carried out using the fertilizer special for potatoes prepared in example 1 and designated as SP.1 group. One area was used as a control group and was fertilized by a farmer's habit and was designated as FP group. The area of each cell is 60m2。
The specific fertilization mode is as follows:
experimental groups: when the potatoes are sown, the embodiment 1 is used as a base fertilizer, and the application amount is 900kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering2And potassium chloride 175kg/hm2Additionally applying 150kg/hm of urea in the full-bloom stage2And potassium chloride 200kg/hm2. N, P is used as the weight of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer2O5And K2O is calculated, and the total fertilizing amount is N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is (282: 162: 315) kg/hm2. The potatoes are planted in high-ridge drip irrigation mode, and during harvesting, each cell is harvested independently, and the yield increasing effect of the potatoes are calculated.
Control, FP group: the basic application compound fertilizer for potato seeding consists of nitrogen (N) 12% and phosphorus (P)2O5) 18% of potassium (K)2O)15 percent, and the application amount of the basal application compound fertilizer is 900kg/hm2Additionally applying 200kg/hm of urea at the early stage of potato flowering2And potassium chloride 150kg/hm2Applying 178kg/hm urea in the full bloom stage2And potassium chloride 150kg/hm2N, P the weight of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are sequentially used2O5And K2O is calculated, and the total fertilizing amount is N, P2O5、K2The mass ratio of O is (282: 162: 315) kg/hm2. The potatoes are planted in a high-ridge drip irrigation mode, and each cell is independently harvested during harvesting to calculate the yield and the yield increasing effect.
Yield increase (t/hm)2) Yield of fertilizer (sp.1) -yield of farmer's habit (FP)
Yield increase (%) (dedicated fertilizer (sp.1) yield-farmer's habit (FP) yield)/farmer's habit (FP) yield × 100
The yield of the experimental group and the control group harvested independently at the time of harvesting is shown in Table 3, and the yield increasing benefit is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3 comparison of Potato Fertilizer specializers (SP.1) with farmer's Fertilizer application (FP) yields
As can be seen from Table 3, the yield of the special fertilizer applied by the invention is 18.0-53.0 t/hm2Average value of 38.3t/hm2(ii) a The fertilizer application habit of farmers is 17.3-47.7 t/hm2Average of 35.4kg/hm2Compared with the conventional fertilizer application of farmers, the special fertilizer increases the yield by 0.1-10.2 t/hm2Average production increase of 2.9t/hm2The yield is increased by 0.2-23.8 percent and the average yield is increased by 7.5 percent.
TABLE 4 comparison of the benefits of Potato Fertilizer (SP.1) with farmer's Fertilizer (FP) for general use
As can be seen from Table 4, if the price of potato is 1.2 yuan/kg, the price of urea is 2.5 yuan/kg, and the price of potassium chloride is 3.5 yuan/kg, the fertilizer special for potato of the invention is 3 yuan/kg, and the compound fertilizer (12-18-15) for farmers is calculated according to 3.5 yuan/kg, the net benefit of using the fertilizer special for potato to cooperate with urea and potassium chloride is 16837.5-58877.5 yuan/hm2The net income of the farmers is 15031.7-51502.5 yuan/hm2Increasing the yield of 451.7-12642.5 yuan/hm2Average 3841.6 yuan/hm2。
Compared with the conventional fertilizer for farmers, the special fertilizer for potatoes provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield of potatoes, improve the net income of potatoes and achieve the effects of increasing both production and income.
In conclusion, the special fertilizer for potatoes provided by the invention has the effects of improving the yield and the characters of potatoes, inhibiting diseases of potatoes and increasing both production and income.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special fertilizer for the potatoes is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 14-18 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 16-20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.4-0.6 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.008-0.01 part of fertilizer slow release agent and 15-30 parts of biological organic fertilizer; the weight of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is N, P2O5And K2And (4) measuring O.
2. The special fertilizer for potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special fertilizer for potatoes comprises the following components in parts by mass: 16 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.5 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.3 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.01 part of fertilizer slow release agent and 25 parts of biological organic fertilizer.
3. The special fertilizer for potatoes as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises beneficial bacteria, wherein the beneficial bacteria comprise trichoderma harzianum and bacillus mucilaginosus;
the effective viable count of trichoderma harzianum in the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 1.3 hundred million/g, the effective viable count of bacillus mucilaginosus is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, and the total effective viable count is more than or equal to 1.5 hundred million/g.
4. The special fertilizer for potatoes as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen; the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and calcium phosphate; the potash fertilizer comprises one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and plant ash; the fertilizer slow release agent comprises a nitrogen fertilizer slow release agent.
5. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for potatoes as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
mixing and granulating the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer and the fertilizer slow-release agent to obtain nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles;
and mixing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer particles with a biological organic fertilizer to obtain the special fertilizer for the potatoes.
6. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing sheep manure, furfural residues and humic acid, granulating, drying, spraying beneficial bacteria to the obtained mixture, and coating.
7. The special fertilizer for potatoes as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4 or the special fertilizer for potatoes prepared by the preparation method as set forth in claim 5 or 6 is applied to potato planting.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that the potato specific fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer.
9. The application of claim 8, wherein the application amount of the special fertilizer for potatoes is 750-1500 kg/hm when the special fertilizer for potatoes is applied as a base fertilizer2。
10. The application of the special fertilizer for potatoes as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the special fertilizer for potatoes is applied as a base fertilizer, the special fertilizer further comprises additional fertilizer, the additional fertilizer comprises additional application of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the middle and later periods of potato planting, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 103.5-172.5 kg/hm2The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 180-270 kg/hm2。
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| CN104830706A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-08-12 | 山东农业大学 | Bacillus mucilaginosus and biological organic slowly-controlled releasing fertilizer specially used for potatoes |
| CN105753580A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-13 | 惠东县奕达农贸有限公司 | Ecological safe potato fertilizer formula |
| CN106966816A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-07-21 | 贵州天宝丰原生态农业科技有限公司 | Compound fertilizer specially used for potato, preparation method and application process |
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| CN104830706A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-08-12 | 山东农业大学 | Bacillus mucilaginosus and biological organic slowly-controlled releasing fertilizer specially used for potatoes |
| CN105753580A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-07-13 | 惠东县奕达农贸有限公司 | Ecological safe potato fertilizer formula |
| CN106966816A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-07-21 | 贵州天宝丰原生态农业科技有限公司 | Compound fertilizer specially used for potato, preparation method and application process |
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