CN114685095B - 一种有机-无机复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种有机-无机复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开一种有机‑无机复合材料,该复合材料包括如下质量百分比的组分:55‑90%的铝酸盐、10‑30%的塑胶和0‑15%的氧化铝,其中,所述铝酸盐选自片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐。上述有机‑无机复合材料具有硬度高,强度高,抗冲击性能好等优点。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种有机-无机复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
塑胶是常用的工程材料,它具有比重轻、易加工、制造成本低的特点,但其表面硬度低、易划伤、耐溶剂、耐紫外光老化性能差;而陶瓷具有高硬度、高耐磨性、高熔点、耐氧化等特点。陶瓷-塑胶复合材料能够有望兼顾陶瓷与塑胶的优点,具有广阔的应用前景。但陶瓷和塑料难以密切结合,普通陶瓷的烧结至少需要1200℃以上的高温,这是一般塑料所无法承受的,且陶瓷和塑料的线性热膨胀系数相差比较大,当陶瓷-塑胶复合材料在遭遇外界温度的急剧变化时容易发生两相的分离,难以满足市场需求。
发明内容
针对现有上述现有技术的不足,本申请提供了一种有机-无机复合材料及其制备方法和应用,该有机-无机复合材料的硬度高,强度高且抗冲击性能好。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种有机-无机复合材料,该复合材料包括如下质量百分比的组分:55-90%的铝酸盐、10-30%的塑胶和0-15%的氧化铝,其中,所述铝酸盐选自片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐。
第二方面,本申请提供了如上所述的复合材料的制备方法,包括:将塑胶和氧化铝进行第一混合,得到第一混合物;向第一混合物中加入铝酸盐进行第二混合,得到复合材料。
第三方面,本申请提供了如上所述的复合材料在电子产品上的应用。
本申请的发明人通过大量实验研究发现,55-90%的片状或棒状铝酸盐、10-30%的塑胶和0-15%的氧化铝共同形成的有机-无机复合材料,具有硬度高,强度高,抗冲击性能好等优点。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
本申请提供一种有机-无机复合材料,该复合材料包括如下质量百分比的组分:55-90%的铝酸盐、10-30%的塑胶和0-15%的氧化铝,其中,所述铝酸盐选自片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐。
本申请所述复合材料组分中含有55-90%的片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐,能够有效提升复合材料强度,使得复合材料具有较高的硬度。
本申请所述复合材料组分中含有10-30%塑胶,能够为复合材料的成型性提供良好基础,使得复合材料易于加工,具有良好的加工成型性;且上述含量的塑胶能够有效提升复合材料的韧性,使得复合材料具有良好的抗冲击性能。
氧化铝为本申请所述复合材料的可选组分,含有上述含量的氧化铝,能够增加复合材料的流动性,使得复合材料便于注塑成型。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述复合材料中的片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐为含铝酸根的盐类,通过在复合材料中加入与铝酸盐基体性质相近的氧化铝,能够提高复合材料各组分的相容性,且有助于提升复合材料的流动性。
发明人通过大量实验研究发现,55-90%的片状或棒状铝酸盐、10-30%的塑胶和0-15%的氧化铝共同形成的有机-无机复合材料,具有硬度高,强度高,抗冲击性能好优点。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述铝酸盐的含量可以为55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%或90%,所述塑胶的含量可以为10%、15%、20%、25%或30%,所述氧化铝的含量为1%、3%、5%、7%、9%、11%、13%或15%。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述复合材料包括如下质量百分比的组分:60-70%的铝酸盐、10-30%的塑胶和0-15%的氧化铝。由此,所述复合材料的综合性能能够得到进一步提升。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述片状铝酸盐的径厚比为5-50。由此,可进一步保证所述复合材料的强度和抗冲击性能。优选地,所述片状铝酸盐的径厚比为10-40。需要说明的是,本申请所述径厚比的测试方法为:在所述复合材料的SEM图片中选择面积5*5μm2区域,测量该区域内片状晶须(即片状铝酸盐)直径与厚度的比值,取平均值。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述棒状铝酸盐的长径比为5-50。由此,可进一步保证所述复合材料的强度和抗冲击性能。优选地,所述棒状铝酸盐的长径比为10-40。需要说明的是,本申请所述长径比的测试方法为:在所述复合材料的SEM图片中选择面积5*5μm2区域,测量该区域内棒状晶须(即棒状铝酸盐)直径与厚度的比值,取平均值。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述铝酸盐选自Na2Al12O19、K2Al12O19、LaAl11O18、BaAl12O19、CaAl12O19和SrAl12O19中的至少一种,选用上述铝酸盐有利于复合材料强度的提升。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述塑胶为具有一定刚性,且高温下流动性好的塑胶。优选地,所述塑胶的四点弯曲强度在60-80MPa范围内。采用具有一定刚性,且高温流动性好的塑胶,可以进一步保证所述复合材料强度和加工成型性。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述塑胶包括PPS、PBT、PC、PA、PEEK、PU、环氧树脂、硅树脂和丙烯酸树脂中的至少一种。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述氧化铝为经过改性处理的氧化铝。所述改性处理可以为偶联剂改性处理。可选地,所述偶联剂可以为钛酸酯、硬脂酸、硅烷偶联剂、锆酸酯、铝酸酯中的一种或几种,优选地,偶联剂改性处理氧化铝中,偶联剂的质量占氧化铝总量的0.5-1.5%。所述复合材料含有经过偶联剂改性处理的氧化铝,能够有效改善复合材料的流动性,提高铝酸盐与塑胶的结合力。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述复合材料的四点弯曲强度为150-280MPa。
根据本申请的实施方式,厚度为0.8mm的复合材料,32g钢球跌落高度大于等于10cm。
本申请提供了如上所述的复合材料的制备方法,包括:将塑胶和氧化铝进行第一混合,得到第一混合物;向第一混合物中加入铝酸盐进行第二混合,得到复合材料。
所述第一混合与所述第二混合可以在高速混合机、挤出机或密炼机中进行,从而保证复合材料各组分混合的均匀性。优选地,第二混合是在挤出机或密炼机中进行。
需要说明的是:当氧化铝、氧化铝的含量均为0%时,可以省去第一混合步骤,将塑胶与铝酸盐进行第二混合,或者,第一混合也可以是塑胶自身的混合,第一混合物即为塑胶,然后再将塑胶与铝酸盐进行第二混合。本申请上述复合材料的制备方法,在含有氧化铝的情况下,先将塑胶与氧化铝混合,然后再加入铝酸盐,能够避免片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐的物理结构被破坏,从而提升复合材料的强度。
根据本申请的实施方式,所述第一混合的温度:200-400℃,时间为:0.5-8h;第二混合的温度为200-400℃,时间为5-30min。本申请第一混合与第二混合的温度、时间控制在上述条件下,能够使得复合材料的各组分混合物均匀,且不会破坏片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐的物理结构,进一步提升复合材料的强度。
本申请提供了如上所述的复合材料在电子产品上的应用。可选地,所述电子产品可以为手机、智能穿戴产品等。
实施例1
以质量百分计,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:15%的氧化铝、60%长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18和25%的PPS塑胶;
有机-无机复合材料注塑件的制作工艺为:
将1.5Kg氧化铝和2.5KgPPS塑胶在密炼机中混合1h,混合温度为300℃,得到第一混合物;
将螺杆挤出机升温至300℃,将第一混合物和6.0Kg长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18在挤出机中挤出、造粒得到喂料,挤出时间为20min;
将喂料装入注塑机料斗,安装注塑模具,设定注塑机料桶温度为300℃,注塑压力为140MPa,保压时间20s,模具温度150℃,得到注塑件。
实施例2
以质量百分计,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:15%的氧化铝、60%长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18和25%的PA塑胶;
有机-无机复合材料注塑件的制作工艺为:
将1.5Kg氧化铝和2.5KgPA塑胶在密炼机中混合1h,混合温度为280℃,得到第一混合物;
将螺杆挤出机升温至280℃,将第一混合物和6.0Kg长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18在挤出机中挤出、造粒得到喂料,挤出时间为20min;
将喂料装入注塑机料斗,安装注塑模具,设定注塑机料桶温度为280℃,注塑压力为140MPa,保压时间20s,模具温度150℃,得到注塑件。
实施例3
以质量百分计,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:15%的氧化铝、60%长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18和25%的PU塑胶;
有机-无机复合材料注塑件的制作工艺为:
将1.5Kg氧化铝和2.5KgPU塑胶在密炼机中混合1h,混合温度为270℃,得到第一混合物;
将螺杆挤出机升温至270℃,将第一混合物和6.0Kg长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18在挤出机中挤出、造粒得到喂料,挤出时间为20min;
将喂料装入注塑机料斗,安装注塑模具,设定注塑机料桶温度为270℃,注塑压力为140MPa,保压时间20s,模具温度150℃,得到注塑件。
实施例4
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:10%的氧化铝、70%长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18和20%的PPS。
实施例5
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:0%的氧化铝、70%长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18和30%的PPS。
实施例6
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:15%的氧化铝、60%径厚比为30的片状CaAl12O19和25%的PPS。
实施例7
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:15%的氧化铝、60%长径比为30的棒状K2Al12O19和25%的PPS。
实施例8
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:5%的氧化铝、75%长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18和20%的PPS。
实施例9
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,棒状LaAl11O18的长径比为2。
实施例10
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,棒状LaAl11O18的长径比为60。
实施例11
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:15%的硬脂酸改性氧化铝、60%长径比为60的棒状LaAl11O18和25%的PPS。
实施例12
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,棒状LaAl11O18的长径比为10。
实施例13
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,棒状LaAl11O18的长径比为20。
实施例14
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,棒状LaAl11O18的长径比为40。
对比例1
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:75%的氧化铝和25%的PPS。
对比例2
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,LaAl11O18为粉末状,其平均粒径为0.2微米。
对比例3
与实施例1大致相同,不同之处在于,有机-无机复合材料的组分为:15%的氧化铝、40%长径比为30的棒状LaAl11O18和45%的PPS。
性能测试:
1、熔融指数:根据标准ASTM D1238-04测试复合材料的熔融指数,其中:塑胶为PPS的复合材料的测试条件是:290℃/5Kg,塑胶为PA的复合材料的测试条件为:280℃/5Kg;塑胶为PU的复合材料的测试条件为:250℃/5Kg;
2、四点弯曲强度(4PB)测试:根据标准ASTM D790测试复合材料的四点弯曲性能;
3、铅笔硬度:根据标准GB T 6739-2006测试复合材料的铅笔硬度;
4、落球测试:根据标准ASTM E208测试复合材料的抗摔性能,具体的测试方法/条件为:用32g重的落锤砸样品中心位置(样品厚度0.8mm),从5cm高度开始,如果不裂就按照每次5cm的高度增加,直到样品出现肉眼可见裂纹停止,记录高度值。
测试得到的数据如表1所示:
表1
铅笔硬度 | 熔融指数(g/10min) | 4PB/MPa | 32g钢球跌落 | |
实施例1 | 5H | 20 | 200 | 25cm OK |
实施例2 | 3H | 26 | 220 | 25cm OK |
实施例3 | 3H | 26 | 200 | 25cm OK |
实施例4 | 4H | 12 | 280 | 30cm OK |
实施例5 | 3H | 8 | 285 | 40cm OK |
实施例6 | 3H | 16 | 220 | 25cm OK |
实施例7 | 3H | 18 | 230 | 30cm OK |
实施例8 | 4H | 10 | 180 | 20cm OK |
实施例9 | 5H | 25 | 150 | 10cm OK |
实施例10 | 4H | 8 | 150 | 15cm OK |
实施例11 | 4H | 30 | 240 | 30cm OK |
实施例12 | 5H | 25 | 170 | 20cm OK |
实施例13 | 5H | 22 | 190 | 25cm OK |
实施例14 | 5H | 17 | 200 | 25cm OK |
对比例1 | 3H | 8 | 70 | 5cm NG |
对比例2 | 2H | 10 | 72 | 5cm NG |
对比例3 | 3H | 30 | 120 | 5cm NG |
由表1 的测试结果可知,本申请方案实施例1-实施例14制备得到的复合材料的综合性能明显优于对比例1-3的复合材料的综合性能。其中,对比例3的各组分含量不在本申请范围内,虽然其流动性好,但其四点弯曲强度及抗冲击性均较差。
综上所述,本申请的复合材料在片状/棒状铝酸盐、塑胶、氧化铝的协同作用下,提高了复合材料的弯曲强度和抗冲击性能力。本申请提供的复合材料具有较高的硬度,弯曲强度和抗冲击性能。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,本申请中所涉及的发明范围,并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案,同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下,由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。
Claims (7)
1.一种有机-无机复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料包括如下质量百分比的组分:55-90%的铝酸盐、10-30%的塑胶和0-15%的氧化铝,且氧化铝不为0,其中,所述铝酸盐选自片状铝酸盐或棒状铝酸盐;所述片状铝酸盐的径厚比为5-50,所述棒状铝酸盐的长径比为5-50;
所述复合材料的制备方法包括:
将塑胶和氧化铝进行第一混合,得到第一混合物;
向第一混合物中加入铝酸盐进行第二混合,得到复合材料;
所述第一混合的温度为:200-400℃,时间为:0.5-8h;所述第二混合的温度为200-400℃,时间为5-30min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料包括如下质量百分比的组分:60-70%的铝酸盐、10-30%的塑胶和0-15%的氧化铝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述铝酸盐选自Na2Al12O19、K2Al12O19、LaAl11O18、BaAl12O19、CaAl12O19和SrAl12O19中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述塑胶包括PPS、PBT、PC、PA、PEEK、PU、环氧树脂、硅树脂和丙烯酸树脂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述氧化铝为经过改性处理的氧化铝。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料的四点弯曲强度为150-280MPa。
7.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的复合材料在电子产品上的应用。
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