CN114684921A - Artificial wetland and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Artificial wetland and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114684921A CN114684921A CN202210330073.1A CN202210330073A CN114684921A CN 114684921 A CN114684921 A CN 114684921A CN 202210330073 A CN202210330073 A CN 202210330073A CN 114684921 A CN114684921 A CN 114684921A
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 48
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 20
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to an artificial wetland and an operation method thereof. The artificial wetland comprises a wetland main body and a water collection and distribution system, the wetland main body comprises a packed bed and wetland plants, the water collection and distribution system comprises a water distribution pipe group and a water collection pipe group, the water distribution pipe group comprises a water distribution main pipe and a plurality of water distribution branch pipes, the water distribution branch pipes are arranged on the lower layer of the packed bed and communicated with the water distribution main pipe, the water collection pipe group comprises a water collection main pipe, a plurality of water collection branch pipes and an upturning water retention pipe, the water collection branch pipes are arranged on the upper layer of the packed bed and communicated with the water collection main pipe, valves are arranged on the water collection main pipe, and the upturning water retention pipe is arranged above the water collection main pipe and communicated with the water collection branch pipes and the water collection main pipe. The utility model provides an artificial wetland protects the water level that the water pipe is used for suppressing high packed bed through setting up the upturning, has alleviated the jam degree of packed bed, and the kind of microorganism increases in the packed bed provides the guarantee for artificial wetland's steady operation, has strengthened artificial wetland's sewage treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to an artificial wetland and an operation method thereof.
Background
The constructed wetland utilizes the physical, chemical and biological synergistic effects of soil, artificial filter media, plants and microorganisms, and realizes sewage purification by planting wetland plants through a packed bed.
Generally, filter materials with different particle sizes are filled in a packed bed, and the conditions of filter material hardening, packed bed blockage and the like are easy to occur along with the prolonging of the operation time. On one hand, the blockage and hardening of the packed bed can cause the permeability coefficient of the packed bed to be sharply reduced, the water passing capacity of the packed bed is reduced, the influent water is deposited and cannot permeate for microorganisms and plants to absorb, and the removal effect of the artificial wetland on pollutants is seriously influenced; on the other hand, the water passing capacity of the packed bed is reduced, oxygen cannot be normally diffused in the packed bed, the activity of aerobic microorganisms in the packed bed is reduced, the diversity is reduced, a large number of anaerobic or anoxic microorganisms are propagated, pollutants are deposited, and the operating environment of the packed bed is deteriorated.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an artificial wetland and an operation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that the artificial wetland in the prior art cannot normally operate to effectively remove pollutants due to blockage of a packed bed and hardening of a material layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides an artificial wetland, includes wetland main part and collection water system, the wetland main part includes the packed bed and plants in the wetland plant of packed bed, its characterized in that: the water collecting and distributing system comprises a water distributing pipe group and a water collecting pipe group; the water distribution pipe group comprises a water distribution main pipe and a plurality of water distribution branch pipes communicated with the water distribution main pipe, and the plurality of water distribution branch pipes are uniformly distributed at the lower layer of the packed bed; the water collecting pipe group comprises a water collecting main pipe, a plurality of water collecting branch pipes communicated with the water collecting main pipe and an upturning water retaining pipe, the plurality of water collecting branch pipes are uniformly distributed on the upper layer of the packed bed, the upturning water retaining pipe is arranged above the water collecting main pipe, a water inlet of the upturning water retaining pipe is communicated with a water outlet of each water collecting branch pipe and a water inlet of the water collecting main pipe, and a valve is arranged on the water collecting main pipe.
In some embodiments, the tube tops of the water distribution branch pipes are located on the same plane, the tube bottoms of the water collection branch pipes are located on the same plane, and the spacing distance between the plane where the tube tops of the water distribution branch pipes are located and the plane where the tube bottoms of the water collection branch pipes are located is 0.5-0.7 m.
In some embodiments, the packed bed comprises a first sand layer, a gravel layer, a melon seed sheet layer and a second sand layer from bottom to top in sequence, the water distribution branch pipes are arranged on the gravel layer, and the water collection branch pipes are arranged on the melon seed sheet layer.
In some embodiments, the first sand layer has a thickness of 25mm to 35mm, the crushed stone layer has a thickness of 400mm to 600mm, the melon seed layer has a thickness of 400mm to 600mm, and the second sand layer has a thickness of 50mm to 150 mm.
In some embodiments, the first sand layer is paved with coarse sand of 0.5 mm-2 mm, the gravel layer is paved with broken stone of 30 mm-50 mm, the melon seed sheet layer is paved with melon seed sheets of 10 mm-15 mm, and the second sand layer is paved with coarse sand of 0.5 mm-2 mm.
In some embodiments, the two opposite sides of the packed bed along the length direction are a water inlet side and a water outlet side, the water distribution pipe group and the water collection pipe group are respectively arranged on the water inlet side and the water outlet side, the water distribution branch pipe extends from the water inlet side to the water outlet side and occupies at least 2/3 of the total length of the packed bed, and the water collection branch pipe extends from the water collection side to the water inlet side and occupies at least 2/3 of the total length of the packed bed.
In some embodiments, the upturned water retention pipe is arranged in parallel with the water collecting main pipe, and the spacing distance between the central line of the upturned water retention pipe and the central line of the water collecting main pipe is 5 cm-10 cm.
In some embodiments, the pipe diameter of the upturning water-retaining pipe is less than or equal to that of the water collecting main pipe.
One or more technical schemes in the artificial wetland provided by the invention have at least one of the following technical effects: the water distribution branch pipes are arranged on the lower layer of the packed bed, the water collection branch pipes are arranged on the upper layer of the packed bed, the water distribution branch pipes distribute water in a flowing mode along the height direction of the packed bed, sewage flows through the packed bed and is collected and discharged from the artificial wetland through the water collection branch pipes on the upper layer of the packed bed after being treated, upward flowing water can provide upward impulsive force for the packed bed of the artificial wetland, the packed bed is prevented from being blocked, and a material layer is prevented from being hardened. In addition, an upturning water retention pipe is arranged above the water collecting main pipe, a valve is arranged on the water collecting main pipe and used for controlling the on-off of the water collecting main pipe, when the valve is opened, water flows out through the water collecting main pipe, and when the valve is closed, the water flows out through the upturning water retention pipe. Therefore, the upturning water retention pipe is higher than the water collecting main pipe, the pressure required by water flow entering the upturning water retention pipe is higher than the pressure required by water flow entering the water collecting main pipe, and the water level in the packed bed can be suppressed high when the water flows out through the upturning water retention pipe, so that the highest water level in the packed bed is raised; in the initial stage of constructed wetland construction, a higher water level can be used for ensuring that the root system of wetland plants obtains enough water, so that the growth of the wetland plants is accelerated; in constructed wetland steady operation in-process, on the one hand, through improving the water level, can increase the impact to filter material especially top layer filter material in the packed bed, help alleviating the bed of material and block up, avoid the packed bed filter material to harden, on the other hand, turn over the water conservation pipe and collect water the main pipe and move in turn, can make the upper strata filter material wheel flow of packed bed be in under the state that has water and no water, form the operating mode of good oxygen, anaerobism intermittent operation, thereby can increase the kind variety of microorganism, improve constructed wetland to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of sewage, strengthen constructed wetland's sewage treatment effect.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an operation method of an artificial wetland comprises the following steps:
s10, setting the artificial wetland;
s20, distributing water to the packed bed by the water distribution pipe group to enable the artificial wetland to operate in a first operation stage, wherein in the first operation stage, the valve is closed, and the water collection pipe group drains water through the upturning water retention pipe;
s30, continuing to distribute water to the packed bed by the water distribution pipe group, opening a valve, and switching the water collection pipe group from the upturning water retention pipe to the water drainage of the water collection main pipe, so that the artificial wetland is switched from the first operation stage to the second operation stage for operation;
and S40, the water distribution pipe group continuously distributes water to the packed bed, and the valves are alternately opened and closed, so that the water collection pipe group alternately discharges water through the upturning water retention pipe and the water collection main pipe, and the constructed wetland is switched from the second operation stage to the stable operation stage.
In some embodiments, the first operational phase refers to a period of time during which wetland plants start to plant until the end of planting, and the second operational phase refers to a period of time during which wetland plants' roots grow towards the bottom layer of the packed bed;
the highest water level in the filler bed in the first operation stage is an upturned water level, the highest water level in the filler bed in the second operation stage is a design water level, the upturned water level is higher than the design water level, and the water level in the filler bed in the stable operation stage is alternately at the design water level and the upturned water level.
One or more technical schemes in the operating method of the artificial wetland provided by the invention at least have one of the following technical effects: the operation method of the artificial wetland is used for operating the artificial wetland, and the artificial wetland is operated according to the mode of the first operation stage, the second operation stage and the stable operation stage through a reasonable design operation period. Therefore, in the first operation stage, the higher water level can ensure that the root system of the wetland plant can obtain enough water, so that the growth of the wetland plant is accelerated, and the construction time of the artificial wetland is shortened; in the second operation stage, the water level in the packed bed is reduced to the designed water level from the upturning water level, so that the growth of plant roots to the lower layer of the packing layer is promoted, the root-pricking depth of wetland plants is improved, and the operation stability of the artificial wetland is improved; after the second stage of operation, the constructed wetland enters a stable operation stage, water flows out of the water collecting main pipe and the upturning water retention pipe wheel, the height of the water level in the packed bed is changed alternately between the designed water level and the upturning water level, the impact on the filter material in the packed bed can be increased due to the rising of the water level, the material layer blockage can be relieved, the hardening of the filter material of the packed bed is avoided, the guarantee is provided for the packed bed to always keep a higher permeability coefficient, the water passing capacity of the packed bed is ensured, the sedimentation of sewage in the packed bed is avoided, the sewage can quickly permeate and contact with plants, microorganisms and the like, and the removal effect on pollutants is improved; in addition, the upper material layer of the packed bed can also run in a water-free state and a water-free state, so that an aerobic and anaerobic intermittent operation working mode can be formed, the variety diversity of microorganisms can be increased, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the artificial wetland on sewage can be improved, and the sewage treatment effect of the artificial wetland can be enhanced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an artificial wetland provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a plan view of the constructed wetland shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a layout diagram of water distribution pipe groups of the artificial wetland shown in fig. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic layout view of the water collecting pipe groups of the constructed wetland shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a partial plan view of a water distribution branch pipe (water collection branch pipe) of the constructed wetland shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a transverse view of a water distribution branch pipe (water collection branch pipe) of the constructed wetland shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of an operation method of the artificial wetland according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, in the figures, the various reference numbers:
1. a wetland main body;
2. a water collecting and distributing system;
10. a water distribution pipe group; 11. a water distribution main pipe; 12. a water distribution branch pipe; 121. water distribution holes; 122. an exhaust hole; 13. a horizontal water distribution pipe;
20. a water collecting pipe group; 21. a water collecting main pipe; 22. a water collecting branch pipe; 221. a water collection hole; 23. a transverse collector pipe; 24. a valve; 25. connecting a tee joint;
30. turning up the water-holding pipe;
40. a packed bed; 41. a first sand layer; 42. a crushed stone layer; 43. a melon seed sheet layer; 44. a second sand layer;
100. a water inlet channel; 101. a water inlet side;
200. a drainage channel; 201. and (4) a drainage side.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 9 and the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when a structure is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another structure, it can be directly on the other structure or be indirectly on the other structure. When a structure is referred to as being "connected to" another structure, it can be directly connected to the other structure or be indirectly connected to the other structure.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings that is used for convenience in describing and simplifying the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered limiting of the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the related art, the artificial wetland has unique advantages in adapting to the development trend of miniaturization and diversification of sewage treatment as a novel ecological sewage treatment technology. Because the constructed wetland utilizes the physical, chemical and biological synergistic effects of soil, a constructed filter medium, plants and microorganisms to purify sewage and the like, the growth condition of the plants in the constructed wetland, the activity and diversity of the microorganisms and whether the sewage can be fully contacted with the plants, the microorganisms and the like in the wetland after entering the wetland directly influence the sewage treatment effect of the constructed wetland.
However, in the conventional artificial wetland, a water distribution pipe for conveying sewage is arranged on the upper layer of a packed bed, and the sewage permeates from top to bottom, is purified at the same time, and then flows out of the artificial wetland after being purified. Due to the complex nature of sewage and the general carrying of various types of suspended impurities, the condition of packed bed blockage and material layer hardening often occur in the artificial wetland along with the prolonging of the operation time, and the permeability coefficient of the packed bed is rapidly reduced due to the packed bed blockage and the material layer hardening, so that the water passing capacity of the packed bed is reduced, the water inlet of the wetland is deposited on the water outlet section and cannot permeate for microorganisms and plants to absorb, and the removal effect of the artificial wetland on pollutants is seriously influenced; moreover, the influent siltation also affects the normal diffusion of oxygen in the packed bed, the activity and diversity of microorganisms, and the growth of wetland plants and the adsorption process of the wetland plants and the microorganisms to substrates and the like, thereby causing the deposition of pollutants in the wetland and deteriorating the operating environment.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides the artificial wetland, and aims to solve the problems of the blockage of a packed bed and the hardening of a material layer of the artificial wetland. The constructed wetland of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples:
as shown in fig. 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present invention provides an artificial wetland comprising a wetland main body 1 and a water collection and distribution system 2. The wetland main body 1 comprises a packed bed 40 and wetland plants (not shown) planted in the packed bed 40, and the water collecting and distributing system 2 is arranged in the wetland main body 1, is used for inputting sewage to be treated into the artificial wetland, and is also used for collecting and discharging water treated by the artificial wetland.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the water collection and distribution system 2 includes a water distribution pipe group 10 and a water collection pipe group 20. The water distribution pipe group 10 includes a water distribution main pipe 11 and a plurality of water distribution branch pipes 12, the plurality of water distribution branch pipes 12 are uniformly arranged at the lower layer of the packed bed 40 along the height direction, each water distribution branch pipe 12 is respectively communicated with the water distribution main pipe 11, the water distribution main pipe 11 conveys collected sewage to each water distribution branch pipe 12, and then conveys the sewage into the packed bed 40 through the water distribution branch pipes 12 for treatment, for example, a water inlet channel 100 can be arranged at a water inlet side 101 of the artificial wetland for collecting sewage, and the water distribution pipe group 10 conveys the sewage collected by the water inlet channel 100 to the artificial wetland for treatment; in addition, in this embodiment, the water distribution pipe group 10 may feed water continuously or intermittently, and may be specifically designed according to the water volume and the water outlet requirement.
Further, the water collecting pipe group 20 comprises a water collecting main pipe 21 and a plurality of water collecting branch pipes 22, the water collecting branch pipes 22 are uniformly distributed on the upper layer of the packed bed 40 along the height direction, each water collecting branch pipe 22 is respectively connected with the water collecting main pipe 21, the water collecting branch pipes 22 collect purified water on the upper layer of the packed bed 40, and then the purified water is discharged through the water collecting main pipes 21, for example, the water discharging side 201 of the artificial wetland can be provided with a water discharging channel 200 to collect treated water, the water outlet of the water collecting main pipe 21 extends into the water discharging channel 200, and the water treated by the artificial wetland flows into the water discharging channel 200 and finally is discharged through the water discharging channel 200. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the water distribution branch pipes 12 are perforated pipes to realize water distribution, and the water collection branch pipes 22 are also perforated pipes to realize water collection.
In this way, the water distribution branch pipe 12 distributes water upwards along the height direction of the packed bed 40, the sewage contacts with the plant root system, the microorganisms and the filter material of the packed bed 40 in the process of upwards permeating to the upper part of the packed bed 40, thereby realizing purification, the purified water body permeates to the upper layer and then is collected through the water collection branch pipe 22, and finally is collected into the water collection main pipe 21 to be discharged. The water distribution branch pipe 12 is arranged at the lower layer of the packed bed 40, the water collection branch pipe 22 is arranged at the upper layer of the packed bed 40, the water distribution branch pipe 12 distributes water in a flowing manner along the height direction of the packed bed 40, the water distribution branch pipe 12 distributes water in an upward flowing manner, the water distribution branch pipe 12 can simultaneously act on the upward impulsive force of the packed bed 40, upward flowing water impacts filter materials in the packed bed 40 to turn, and therefore the packed bed 40 is prevented from being blocked and the material layer is prevented from hardening.
In this embodiment, the water collecting tube group 20 further includes an upturning water holding tube 30, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the upturning water holding tube 30 is disposed above the water collecting main tube 21 along the height direction of the packed bed 40, the water inlet of the upturning water holding tube 30 is communicated with the water outlet of each water collecting branch tube 22 and the water inlet of the water collecting main tube 21, and the water collecting main tube 21 is provided with a valve 24, and the valve 24 is used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the water collecting main tube 21. In the artificial wetland of the embodiment, in the actual use process, when the valve 24 on the water collecting main pipe 21 is opened, the water collecting main pipe 21 is conducted, the water collected by the water collecting branch pipe 22 is discharged through the water collecting main pipe 21, when the valve 24 is closed, the water collecting main pipe 21 is closed, and the water collected by the water collecting branch pipe 22 flows into the upturning water retention pipe 30 and is discharged through the upturning water retention pipe 30.
In this way, in the constructed wetland of the present embodiment, the water collecting branch pipe 22 collects water and then converges to the water collecting main pipe 21, the upturning water retention pipe 30 is arranged above the water collecting main pipe 21, the valve 24 is arranged on the water collecting main pipe 21 and is used for controlling the on-off of the water collecting main pipe 21, when the valve 24 is opened, the water flows out through the water collecting main pipe 21, and when the valve 24 is closed, the water flows up to be discharged out through the upturning water retention pipe 30. Because the upturning water retention pipe 30 is higher than the water collection main pipe 21, the pressure required by water flow entering the upturning water retention pipe 30 is higher than the pressure required by water flow entering the water collection main pipe 21, and the water level in the packed bed 40 can be suppressed high when the water flows out through the upturning water retention pipe 30, so that the highest water level in the packed bed 40 is raised. In this way, the highest water level in the packed bed 40 is raised by arranging the upturning water-retaining pipe 30, and a higher water level can be used for ensuring that the plant root system in the constructed wetland obtains enough water in the initial construction stage of the constructed wetland, so that the growth of plants in the constructed wetland is accelerated; and in the constructed wetland steady operation in-process, on the one hand, through improving the water level, can increase the impact to the interior filter material of packed bed 40, help alleviating the bed of material and block up, avoid the packed bed 40 filter material to harden, on the other hand, turn over the water conservation pipe 30 and collect water main 21 and move in turn, can make the upper strata filter material wheel flow of packed bed 40 be in under the state that has water and no water, form the operating mode of good oxygen, anaerobism intermittent operation, thereby can increase the variety diversity of microorganism, improve constructed wetland to the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of sewage, strengthen constructed wetland's sewage treatment effect.
Specifically, in practical use of the artificial wetland of the present embodiment, the valve 24 on the water collecting main pipe 21 is closed from the initial stage of wetland construction to the final stage of plant cultivation, and water is drained through the upturning water retention pipe 30, so that the water level in the packed bed 40 can permeate to the surface of the filter material of the packed bed 40, and the water level is maintained for a period of time. After the plant growth tends to be stable, the valve 24 on the water collecting main pipe 21 is opened to gradually reduce the water level to a designed water level, wherein the designed water level refers to the height which can be reached by the water level in the packed bed 40 when the water is drained through the water collecting main pipe 21, and the water level height is obtained through design calculation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water collecting pipe set 20 further includes a horizontal collecting pipe 23 and a connecting tee 25, wherein each branch collecting pipe 22 is respectively communicated with the horizontal collecting pipe 23, the horizontal collecting pipe 23 is arranged perpendicular to the branch collecting pipes 22 and the main collecting pipe 21, a water inlet of the connecting tee 25 is communicated with a water outlet of the horizontal collecting pipe 23, a water outlet of the connecting tee 25 is communicated with a water inlet of the main collecting pipe 21, and another water outlet of the connecting tee 25 is communicated with a water inlet of the upturning water retaining pipe 30. Therefore, the collected water is collected into the horizontal collecting pipe 23 by the branch collecting pipe 22, the horizontal collecting pipe 23 is conveyed to the main collecting pipe 21 or the upturning water-holding pipe 30 to be discharged, the connecting tee 25 is connected with the horizontal collecting pipe 23, the main collecting pipe 21 and the upturning water-holding pipe 30 to ensure water flow communication, and the outflow path of the water can be changed by controlling the opening and closing of the valve 24.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upturned water retention pipe 30 is arranged in parallel to the water header 21, which facilitates hydraulic calculation, so that the rising height of the highest water level in the packed bed 40 can be accurately calculated based on the upturned height of the upturned water retention pipe 30.
In actual use, the water collecting branch pipes 22 may be arranged at the same height, the water collecting main pipe 21 may be arranged at the same height, and the upturned water retaining pipe 30 may be arranged in parallel with the water collecting main pipe 21.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the distance H between the central line of the upturned water retention pipe 30 and the central line of the water collecting main pipe 21 is 5cm to 10cm, i.e. the upturned height of the upturned water retention pipe 30 is 5cm to 10cm, so that when the treated effluent flows out of the upturned water retention pipe 30, the water in the packed bed 40 needs to provide at least 5cm to 10cm more pressure head to press the water out of the upturned water retention pipe 30 than the effluent from the water collecting main pipe 21, thereby ensuring that the water level in the packed bed 40 can be effectively raised.
In the specific design, the spacing distance between the central line of the upturning water retention pipe 30 and the central line of the water collecting main pipe 21 can be 5cm, 5.5cm, 6cm, 6.5cm, 7cm, 7.5cm, 8cm, 8.5cm, 9cm or 10cm, and the like, and can be specifically set according to actual requirements.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the diameter of the upturned water-holding pipe 30 is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the water collecting main pipe 21, so as to avoid that the water level of the packed bed 40 cannot be effectively suppressed to a high level due to the excessively large diameter of the upturned water-holding pipe 30.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the two opposite sides of the packed bed 40 along the length direction are the water inlet side 101 and the water outlet side, respectively, and the water distribution tube group 10 and the water collection tube group 20 are disposed on the water inlet side 101 and the water outlet side, respectively.
Specifically, the water distribution trunk pipes 11 are disposed on the water inlet side 101 of the packed bed 40, the water distribution pipe group 10 further includes horizontal water distribution pipes 13, the horizontal water distribution pipes 13 are disposed perpendicular to the water distribution trunk pipes 11 and the water distribution branch pipes 12, each of the horizontal water distribution pipes 12 is respectively communicated with the horizontal water distribution pipes 13, each of the horizontal water distribution pipes 12 respectively extends from the water inlet side 101 to the water outlet side of the packed bed 40, and the sewage to be treated flows out of the horizontal water distribution pipes 11, enters the horizontal water distribution pipes 13, and is then uniformly transferred to each of the horizontal water distribution pipes 12 through the horizontal water distribution pipes 13. Thus, the pipe diameters of the water distribution branch pipes 12 are the same, the extension lengths of the water distribution transverse pipes 13 are the same, and the water distribution branch pipes 12 are arranged at equal intervals, so that uniform water distribution can be realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, the water collecting main pipe 21 and the upturning water holding pipe 30 are both disposed on the water outlet side of the packed bed 40, the water collecting branch pipes 22 extend from the water outlet side to the water inlet side 101 of the packed bed 40, and the water collecting horizontal pipe 23 is disposed perpendicular to the water collecting main pipe 21 and the water collecting branch pipes 22. Thus, the pipe diameters of the branch water collecting pipes 22 are the same, the extension lengths of the horizontal water collecting pipes 23 are the same, and the branch water collecting pipes 22 are arranged at equal intervals, so that uniform water collection can be realized.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the extension length L of the water distribution branch pipe 12 from the water inlet side 101 to the water outlet side of the packed bed 40 is set1At least 2/3, the length L of the water collecting branch pipe 22 from the water outlet side to the water inlet side 101 of the packed bed 402Occupying at least 2/3 of the total length L of the packed bed 40. That is, the water distribution branch pipe 12 extends from the water inlet side 101 of the packed bed 40 to a position about two-thirds of the length of the packed bed 40, the water collection branch pipe 22 extends from the water outlet side of the packed bed 40 to a position about two-thirds of the length of the packed bed 40, the packed bed 40 is set to slope from the water inlet side 101 to the water outlet side by a certain slope such as 1%, the water distribution branch pipe 12 uniformly distributes the sewage to be treated to a position about two-thirds of the front end of the packed bed 40, the water body flows out of the water distribution branch pipe 12 and then horizontally flows to the water outlet side of the packed bed 40, the horizontal flow simultaneously permeates upwards, and when permeating to the position where the water collection branch pipe 22 is distributed, the water enters the water collection branch pipe 22 and is collected by the water collection branch pipe 22 and then is output. In this way, the water collecting area of the branch water collecting pipe 22 and the water distributing area of the branch water distributing pipe 12 are partially overlapped in the height direction of the packed bed 40, so that the water collecting surface of the branch water collecting pipe 22 can cover the whole water body infiltration surface of the packed bed 40, and the sewage flowing out from the starting end of the branch water distributing pipe 12 can be collected by the branch water collecting pipe 22.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the water distribution branch pipes 12 are arranged at equal intervals, the water collection branch pipes 22 are arranged at equal intervals, and the water distribution branch pipes 12 and the water collection branch pipes 22 are arranged in a staggered manner, compared with the arrangement mode that the water collection branch pipes 22 are arranged right above the water distribution branch pipes 12 in the vertical direction, the arrangement of the water distribution branch pipes 12 and the water collection branch pipes 22 in a staggered manner can prolong the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the packed bed 40, and improve the sewage treatment effect.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 6, the tops of the water distribution branch pipes 12 are located on the same plane, the bottoms of the water collection branch pipes 22 are located on the same plane, and the distance h between the plane where the tops of the water distribution branch pipes 12 are located and the plane where the bottoms of the water collection branch pipes 22 are located is 0.5m to 0.7 m. A certain height difference is formed between the water distribution branch pipe 12 and the water collecting branch pipe 22, so that short flow is prevented, and sewage is prevented from directly flowing out through the water collecting branch pipe 22 without being filtered by material layer filtering materials. In a particular embodiment, the distance h between the two is 0.5m, 0.55m, 0.58m, 0.6m, 0.62m, 0.65m, 0.7m, etc.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 6, the packed bed 40 of the artificial wetland comprises a first sand layer 41, a gravel layer 42, a melon seed layer 43 and a second sand layer 44 from bottom to top, wherein the water distribution branch pipe 12 is arranged on the gravel layer 42, the water collection branch pipe 22 is arranged on the melon seed layer 43, specifically, the water distribution branch pipe 12 is arranged at the bottom of the gravel layer 42, and the water collection branch pipe 22 is arranged at the top of the melon seed layer 43. Thus, the sewage flowing out from the water distribution branch pipe 12 upwards permeates through the rubble layer 42 and the melon seed layer 43 to enter the water collection branch pipe 22, and the rubble layer 42 and the melon seed layer 43 are used as core treatment layers of the packed bed 40 and are mainly used for filtering and purifying the sewage. The first sand layer 41 is arranged below the water distribution branch pipe 12 as an impermeable layer, so that downward permeation of sewage can be reduced, and the first sand layer also has the function of supporting the water distribution branch pipe 12 to prevent the water distribution branch pipe 12 from sinking; and the second sand layer 44 is arranged above the water collecting branch pipe 22 as a covering layer to avoid surface erosion.
In the specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, coarse sand of 0.5 mm-2 mm is laid on the first sand layer 41, and the thickness of the first sand layer 41 is set to be 25 mm-35 mm, so that the first sand layer 41 has stable seepage-proof and supporting functions. Lay 30mm ~ 50 mm's rubble at rubble layer 42, the thickness that sets up rubble layer 42 is 400mm ~ 600mm, simultaneously, lays 10mm ~ 15 mm's melon seed piece at melon seed lamella 43, and the thickness that sets up melon seed lamella 43 is 400mm ~ 600mm, provides the guarantee for 40 filtration purification sewage of packed bed. Coarse sand with the thickness of 0.5 mm-2 mm is paved on the second sand layer 44, and the thickness of the second sand layer 44 is set to be 50 mm-15 mm, so that the surface erosion of the packed bed 40 is prevented.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, 7 and 8, the water distribution branch pipe 12 is a perforated pipe, a plurality of water distribution holes 121 are uniformly formed in the water distribution branch pipe 12, and the sewage flows out from each water distribution hole 121 and is uniformly dispersed into the packed bed 40. In the specific embodiment, the pipe diameter of the water distribution branch pipes 12 may be 100mm to 200mm, for example, 100mm, 150mm, or 200 mm; the aperture of the opening on the water distribution branch pipe 12, that is, the aperture of the water distribution holes 121, may be 5mm to 10mm, for example, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, or 10 mm.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, each water distribution branch pipe 12 is further provided with a plurality of air vents 122, air is generated when sewage flows through the water distribution branch pipes 12, and the air vents 122 are arranged to timely exhaust the air generated by the sewage, so as to prevent the water distribution branch pipes 12 from being damaged due to excessive pressure in the water distribution branch pipes 12.
In the embodiment, the end of each water distribution branch pipe 12 far from the water distribution main pipe 11 is provided with a plug for plugging the water distribution branch pipe 12, so as to ensure that water can only flow out through the water distribution holes 121 on the water distribution branch pipe 12, and cannot flow out from the end of the pipeline.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, 7 and 8, the water collecting branch pipe 22 is a perforated pipe, and a plurality of water collecting holes 221 are uniformly formed on the water collecting branch pipe 22, so that the water in the packed bed 40 can uniformly enter the water collecting branch pipe 22 through the water collecting holes 221, and uniform water collection is realized. In a specific embodiment, the pipe diameter of the water collecting branch pipe 22 may be 100mm to 200mm, for example, 100mm, 150mm, or 200 mm; the aperture of the opening on the water collecting branch pipe 22 may be 5mm to 10mm, for example, 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10 mm.
In the embodiment, the end of each branch water collecting pipe 22 far away from the main water collecting pipe 21 is also provided with a plug for plugging the branch water collecting pipe 22, so that the water flow entering the branch water collecting pipe 22 through the water collecting holes 221 on the branch water collecting pipe 22 can not flow out from the tail end of the branch water collecting pipe 22 and reenter the packed bed 40 of the artificial wetland.
According to the artificial wetland provided by each embodiment of the invention, the upward flowing water distribution is adopted, and the upturning water-retaining pipe 30 is arranged, so that the blocking degree of the packed bed 40 can be effectively relieved, the material layer is effectively prevented from hardening, a guarantee is provided for the packed bed 40 to always keep a higher permeability coefficient, the water passing capacity of the packed bed 40 is ensured, the sewage is prevented from silting up in the packed bed 40, the sewage can quickly permeate and contact with plants, microorganisms and the like, the operation stability of the artificial wetland is improved, and the removal effect of pollutants is improved; in addition, the upper material layer of the packed bed 40 can also run in a water-free state and a water-free state, so that an aerobic and anaerobic intermittent operation working mode can be formed, the variety diversity of microorganisms can be increased, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the artificial wetland on sewage can be improved, and the sewage treatment effect of the artificial wetland can be enhanced.
The invention further provides an operation method of the artificial wetland, which is used for operating the artificial wetland provided by the embodiments. As shown in fig. 1 and 9, the operation method specifically includes the following steps:
s10, setting the artificial wetland provided by the embodiment;
s20, opening the water distribution pipe group 10 to distribute water to the packed bed 40, and enabling the artificial wetland to operate in a first operation stage, wherein in the first operation stage, closing the valve 24 on the water collecting main pipe 21, and enabling the water collecting pipe group 20 to discharge water through the upturning water retention pipe 30;
s30, keeping the water distribution pipe group 10 running under the open state and continuing to distribute water to the packed bed 40, opening the valve 24, switching the water collection pipe group 20 from the upturning water retention pipe 30 to the water collection main pipe 21 for drainage, and switching the artificial wetland from the first running stage to the second running stage;
s40, keeping the water distribution pipe group 10 continuously distributing water to the packed bed 40, and alternately opening and closing the valve 24 to enable the water collection pipe group 20 to alternately discharge water through the upturning water retention pipe 30 and the water collection main pipe 21, so that the artificial wetland is switched from the second operation stage to the stable operation stage for operation, and the artificial wetland is kept in normal operation to treat sewage in the stable operation stage.
In a specific embodiment, the first operation stage is a time period from the beginning of planting wetland plants to the end of planting, the second operation stage is a time period during which the root systems of the wetland plants grow towards the bottom layer of the packed bed 40, and the stable operation stage is a stage during which the artificial wetland stably operates and purifies sewage.
Wherein, the highest water level in the filler bed 40 in the first operation stage is an upturned water level, the highest water level in the filler bed 40 in the second operation stage is a design water level, the upturned water level is higher than the design water level, and the water level in the filler bed 40 in the stable operation stage is alternately at the design water level and the upturned water level, so that the upper layer filter material wheel flow of the filler bed 40 is in a water-free and water-free state, and an aerobic and anaerobic intermittent operation working mode is formed.
According to the operation method of the artificial wetland provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the artificial wetland provided by each embodiment is operated, through a reasonable design operation period, in a first operation stage, namely the construction initial stage of the artificial wetland, the valve 24 of the water collecting main pipe 21 is closed, so that the outlet water flows out through the upturned water-holding pipe 30, the water level in the packed bed 40 is suppressed high, the water level is kept in the upturned water level for operation, and in the stage, a higher water level can be used for ensuring that the root system of wetland plants obtains enough water, so that the growth of the wetland plants is accelerated, and the construction time of the artificial wetland is shortened.
When the growth of the plant root system tends to be stable, the valve 24 is closed again to discharge water through the water collecting main pipe 21, at the moment, the artificial wetland enters a second operation stage, the water level in the filler bed 40 in the second operation stage is reduced to the designed water level from the upward turning water level, the growth of the plant root system to the lower layer of the filler layer is promoted, the root pricking depth of the wetland plant is improved, and therefore the operation stability of the artificial wetland is improved.
After the second stage of operation, the constructed wetland is alternately opened and closed through the control valve 24, so that the constructed wetland enters a stable operation stage, in the stage, the water collecting main pipe 21 and the upturning water retention pipe 30 alternately discharge water, the water level height in the packed bed 40 is alternately changed between the designed water level and the upturning water level, the water level rising can increase the impact on the filter material in the packed bed 40, the blockage of the material layer is favorably relieved, the hardening of the filter material in the packed bed 40 is avoided, the higher permeability coefficient of the packed bed 40 is always kept, the water passing capacity of the packed bed 40 is ensured, the sedimentation of sewage in the packed bed 40 is avoided, the sewage can quickly permeate and contact with plants, microorganisms and the like, and the removal effect of pollutants is improved; in addition, the upper material layer of the packed bed 40 can also run in a water-free state and a water-free state, so that an aerobic and anaerobic intermittent operation working mode can be formed, the variety diversity of microorganisms can be increased, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the artificial wetland on sewage can be improved, and the sewage treatment effect of the artificial wetland can be enhanced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The artificial wetland comprises a wetland main body and a water collection and distribution system, wherein the wetland main body comprises a packed bed and wetland plants planted in the packed bed, and the artificial wetland is characterized in that: the water collecting and distributing system comprises a water distributing pipe group and a water collecting pipe group; the water distribution pipe group comprises a water distribution main pipe and a plurality of water distribution branch pipes communicated with the water distribution main pipe, and the water distribution branch pipes are uniformly distributed at the lower layer of the packed bed; the water collecting pipe group comprises a water collecting main pipe, a plurality of water collecting branch pipes communicated with the water collecting main pipe and an upturning water retaining pipe, the plurality of water collecting branch pipes are uniformly distributed on the upper layer of the packed bed, the upturning water retaining pipe is arranged above the water collecting main pipe, a water inlet of the upturning water retaining pipe is communicated with a water outlet of each water collecting branch pipe and a water inlet of the water collecting main pipe, and a valve is arranged on the water collecting main pipe.
2. The constructed wetland according to claim 1, wherein: the tube tops of the water distribution branch pipes are positioned on the same plane, the tube bottoms of the water collection branch pipes are positioned on the same plane, and the spacing distance between the plane where the tube tops of the water distribution branch pipes are positioned and the plane where the tube bottoms of the water collection branch pipes are positioned is 0.5-0.7 m.
3. The constructed wetland according to claim 2, wherein: the packed bed includes first sand bed, metalling, melon seed lamella and second sand bed from supreme down in proper order, the water distribution branch pipe is laid the metalling, the water-collecting branch pipe is laid the melon seed lamella.
4. The constructed wetland according to claim 3, wherein: the thickness of first sand bed is 25mm ~ 35mm, the thickness of metalling is 400mm ~ 600mm, the thickness of melon seed lamella is 400mm ~ 600mm, the thickness of second sand bed is 50mm ~ 150 mm.
5. The constructed wetland according to claim 3, wherein: 0.5mm ~ 2 mm's coarse sand is laid to first sand bed, 30mm ~ 50 mm's rubble is laid to the rubble layer, 10mm ~ 15 mm's melon seed piece is laid to the melon seed lamella, 0.5mm ~ 2 mm's coarse sand is laid to the second sand bed.
6. The constructed wetland according to claim 1, wherein: the two opposite sides of the packed bed along the length direction are respectively a water inlet side and a water outlet side, the water distribution pipe group and the water collection pipe group are respectively arranged on the water inlet side and the water outlet side, the water distribution branch pipe extends from the water inlet side to the water outlet side and occupies at least 2/3 of the total length of the packed bed, and the water collection branch pipe extends from the water collection side to the water inlet side and occupies at least 2/3 of the total length of the packed bed.
7. The constructed wetland according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the upturning water retention pipe is arranged in parallel with the water collecting main pipe, and the spacing distance between the central line of the upturning water retention pipe and the central line of the water collecting main pipe is 5 cm-10 cm.
8. The constructed wetland according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the pipe diameter of the upturning water-retaining pipe is smaller than or equal to that of the water collecting main pipe.
9. An operation method of an artificial wetland is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s10, arranging the artificial wetland according to any one of claims 1 to 8;
s20, the water distribution pipe group distributes water to the packed bed to enable the artificial wetland to operate in a first operation stage, wherein in the first operation stage, the valve is closed, and the water collection pipe group drains water through the upturning water retention pipe;
s30, the water distribution pipe group continuously distributes water to the packed bed, the valve is opened, the water collection pipe group is switched from the upturning water retention pipe to the water collection main pipe for water drainage, and the constructed wetland is switched from the first operation stage to the second operation stage for operation;
and S40, continuously distributing water to the packed bed by the water distribution pipe group, and alternately opening and closing the valves to enable the water collection pipe group to alternately discharge water through the upturning water retention pipe and the water collection main pipe, so that the constructed wetland is switched from the second operation stage to the stable operation stage.
10. The method for operating artificial wetland according to claim 9, wherein: the first operation stage refers to a time period from the beginning of planting to the last stage of planting of the wetland plants, and the second operation stage refers to a time period for the root systems of the wetland plants to grow towards the bottom layer of the packed bed;
the highest water level in the packed bed in the first operation stage is an upturned water level, the highest water level in the packed bed in the second operation stage is a design water level, the upturned water level is higher than the design water level, and the water level in the packed bed in the stable operation stage is alternately at the design water level and the upturned water level.
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Application publication date: 20220701 |