CN114681523A - 一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物 - Google Patents
一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供使用安全、绿色环保的一种一种有效治疗对虾白斑病。本发明采用的技术方案是一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物，其特征在于：包括按重量分数配比的以下组分：金银花45～55份，板蓝根45～55份，黄芪25～35份，连翘15～25份，黄柏20～35份，甘草15～25份，当归15～25份。本发明依据中药君臣佐使科学配伍理论，运用现代科技手段对其中大部分药材的有效成分进行定量、半定量检测，制得的成品对对虾白斑病有良好的治疗作用，各味药协同起效，不仅加强了对致病病毒的抑制作用，而且减少了单味药的毒性，对对虾白斑病有显著的防治效果，是一种疗效好、无公害、无残留、使用方便的中药，特别适用于工厂化大规模对虾养殖。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产药物技术领域，尤其是一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物。
背景技术
对虾属于节肢动物门、有鳃亚门、甲壳纲、软甲亚纲、十足目、游泳亚目、对虾科、对虾属。中国对虾是对虾属的主要种类之一，俗称对虾。对虾类是海产虾类中产量大﹑经济价值高的类群，特别是浅海产的对虾属﹑新对虾属等大中型种，鹰爪虾﹑长臂虾﹑白虾属﹑褐虾属等小型种。此外更小的毛虾属在较温暖的近岸海域产量特大。全世界虾蟹渔获总产量达200多万吨。近年来海产虾类如对虾属的中国对虾﹑日本对虾﹑褐对虾﹑斑节对虾等；淡水大虾如马来沼虾及其近似种和青蟹等，已经大量进行商品养殖，产量正在迅速增加。随着规模不断扩大，养殖产量成倍上升，对虾白斑病病害日益严重，严重影响了养殖业的正常发展。白斑综合症杆状病毒复合体主要对虾体的造血组织、结缔组织、前后肠的上皮、血细胞、鳃等系统进行感染破坏。急性感染引起虾摄食量骤降。头胸甲与腹节甲壳易于被揭开而不粘着真皮(即所谓的壳易剥离)，并在甲壳上可见到明显的白斑，有些感染白斑综合症杆状病毒复合体的病虾也显示出通体淡红色或红棕色(尤其在南美白对虾的发病中尤为体现)，这可能是由于表皮色素细胞扩散所致。此类病毒复合体的毒力较强，从出现症状到死亡只有3-5天的时间，甚至更短。此病的感染率较高，7天左右可使池中70%以上的虾得病，甚至死亡，常规药物进行治疗无效，给养殖者造成严重损失。目前主要用抗病毒类药物对该病进行预防和治疗，但效果不显著，而且随之产生的副作用也非常明显，如耐药菌株的产生、药物残留等。中草药具有天然、绿色无公害、无残留等优点，有望成为优于抗病毒类药物的治疗药品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供使用安全、绿色环保的一种一种有效治疗对虾白斑病。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物，其特征在于：包括按重量分数配比的以下组分：金银花45～55份，板蓝根45～55份，黄芪25～35份，连翘15～25份，黄柏20～35份，甘草15～25份，当归15～25份。
而且，所述组分还包括鱼腥草、辛夷花、灵香草、桑叶、穿心莲之中的任意一种、任意两种、任意三种、任意四种或五种。
而且，所述组分还包括鱼腥草5～10份，辛夷花2～8份，桑叶5～10份，穿心莲6～15份。
本发明的优点和积极效果是：
本发明依据中药君臣佐使科学配伍理论，运用现代科技手段对其中大部分药材的有效成分进行定量、半定量检测，制得的成品对对虾白斑病有良好的治疗作用，各味药协同起效，不仅加强了对致病病毒的抑制作用，而且减少了单味药的毒性，对对虾白斑病有显著的防治效果，是一种疗效好、无公害、无残留、使用方便的中药，特别适用于工厂化大规模对虾养殖。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明进一步说明，下述实施例是说明性的，不是限定性的，不能以下述实施例来限定本发明的保护范围。
一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物，其特征在于：包括按重量分数配比的以下组分：金银花45～55份，板蓝根45～55份，黄芪25～35份，连翘15～25份，黄柏20～35份，甘草15～25份，当归15～25份。
而且，所述组分还包括鱼腥草、辛夷花、灵香草、桑叶、穿心莲之中的任意一种、任意两种、任意三种、任意四种或五种。
而且，所述组分还包括鱼腥草5～10份，辛夷花2～8份，桑叶5～10份，穿心莲6～15份。
最优选的组分为金银花45份，板蓝根35份，黄芪35份，连翘15份，黄柏30份，甘草15份，当归15份，穿心莲15份。
该药物的制备方法是：
1. 将各组分用FW177型中草药粉碎机，24000r/min粉碎至0.12mm大小；
2.将粉碎后的各组分依次称量、复核；
3.将各组分加入V型高效混合机中，混合时间为30分钟；
4.将混合好的半成品装入塑料包装袋中，称量、自封口即制得成品。
试验过程为:
1.对比配方
复方1：金银花40公斤、板蓝根40公斤、黄芪25公斤、紫苏叶20公斤、生姜40公斤、小芸木20公斤、香茅40公斤、木贼20公斤、连翘30公斤、芦根20公斤。
复方2：银花35公斤、板蓝根35公斤、石膏40公斤、关木通30公斤、木黄连20公斤、决明子30公斤、夏枯草30公斤、龙船花20公斤、牡丹皮30公斤、郁金30公斤。
复方3：金银花25公斤、板蓝根45公斤、黄芪30公斤、连翘20公斤、苦参20公斤、龙胆30公斤、青叶胆20公斤、秦皮20公斤、马齿苋30公斤、鸡骨草30公斤、熟地黄20公斤
最优选组份：金银花45公斤、板蓝根35公斤、黄芪35公斤、连翘15公斤、黄柏30公斤、甘草15公斤、当归15公斤、穿心莲15公斤。
2.饲料的制备
将上述四种复方分别按照质量分数为3.0%的添加剂量加入到基础饲料中。加入药物的饲料经饲料加工机制成直径3.5毫米的硬颗粒，干燥后备用。基础饲料配方见表1.其粗蛋白质含量为44.02%，粗脂肪7.96%，水分13.2%，粗纤维5.2%，钙3.5%，磷1%。
表1 基础饲料组成
3.试验条件及管理
选取患白斑病对虾，共250只，随机分为五个组，分别是复方1、2、3组、最优选组和对照组。对虾养于彻底消毒的大棚水池内, 每池面积6.55 ～ 7.67 m2 , 池底铺细砂和淤泥。试验过程中每周消毒1 次(浓度为2 ～ 3 g/m3 的漂白粉), 每10 天换水1 次, 换水量为池水总量的1/2 。实验组投喂相应的饲料，对照组投喂基础饲料，投饵率均为2%，饲养30天。
饲养期间, 室内温度为(28 ±2)℃, 池水中溶氧保持在3 mg/L 以上, 氨氮浓度低于0.002 %。光照为温室大棚自然光照条件。
4.试验结果如表2所示
表2对虾的死亡统计
由表2可见，最优选的组份的效果最好，能有效的防治对虾白斑病，降低对虾的死亡率。
综上所述，本发明依据中药理论，科学配伍，运用现代科技手段对其中大部分药材的有效成分进行定量、半定量检测，制得的成品对对虾白斑病有良好的治疗作用，各味药协同作用，不仅加强了对病毒的抑制作用，而且减少了单味药的毒性，对对虾白斑病有显著的治疗效果，是一种疗效好、无公害、无残留、使用方便的中药，特别适用于对大规模对虾养殖。
Claims (3)
1.一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物，其特征在于：包括按重量份数混合的以下组分：金银花45～55份，板蓝根45～55份，黄芪25～35份，连翘15～25份，黄柏20～35份，甘草15～25份，当归15～25份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物，其特征在于：包括按重量份数混合的以下组分：金银花45份，板蓝根35份，黄芪35份，连翘15份，黄柏30份，甘草15份，当归15份，穿心莲15份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有效治疗对虾白斑病的中草药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1） 将各组分用FW177型中草药粉碎机，24000r/min粉碎至0.12mm大小；
（2）将粉碎后的各组分依次称量、复核；
（3）将各组分加入V型高效混合机中，混合时间为30分钟；
（4）将混合好的半成品装入塑料包装袋中，称量、自封口即制得成品。
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