CN114675693A - Continuous temperature-changing and humidity-changing black tea fermentation machine and regulation and control method - Google Patents
Continuous temperature-changing and humidity-changing black tea fermentation machine and regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114675693A CN114675693A CN202111677843.1A CN202111677843A CN114675693A CN 114675693 A CN114675693 A CN 114675693A CN 202111677843 A CN202111677843 A CN 202111677843A CN 114675693 A CN114675693 A CN 114675693A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous temperature-changing and humidity-changing black tea fermentation machine, which comprises a box body, a polyester net conveyor belt, a humidifying pipe, a fin heating pipe, a layering partition plate, a circulating fan, a wall-hanging type ventilation fan and a machine top exhaust fan, wherein a tea inlet for putting tea leaves to be fermented is formed in the upper part of the box body; the invention divides the fermentation chamber into relatively closed areas by the layered partition boards, and each area can independently adjust the temperature and the moisture supply capacity, thereby realizing the fermentation environment with different temperature and humidity at the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer to fit the temperature and humidity changing fermentation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tea processing, in particular to a continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea fermentation machine and a regulation and control method.
Background
The black tea fermentation is a key process in the whole black tea processing process, the traditional black tea fermentation achieves the purpose of fermentation through manual heating and humidifying in a certain container, the mode is complex in operation and high in temperature and humidity control difficulty, the fermentation time is judged completely by manual experience, the fermentation uniformity is difficult to control, and the tea quality and the production efficiency are seriously influenced. Although many black tea fermentation machines have been developed in recent years, most of them can only provide a constant temperature and humidity fermentation environment, and are difficult to be applied to the fermentation requirements which require staged fermentation and have different requirements on temperature and humidity environments in each stage. Although some black tea fermentation devices have been developed to address this problem, many have some problems and limitations in their use.
For example, the invention discloses a fermentation device for tea processing, which is a Chinese invention patent with an authorization publication number of CN214327749U, and the device divides a fermentation chamber into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer of fermentation chambers by a water outlet plate, wherein the three layers of fermentation chambers can be set with different fermentation temperatures and fermentation times and correspond to different fermentation stages. However, the water outlet plate still needs to be manually drawn out when the stage is required to be changed in the fermentation process, so that the tea leaves fall into the lower layer of the sub-fermentation chamber, the automatic stage-division fermentation is not completely realized, and the full automation of a discontinuous design production line is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the conventional black tea fermentation device is low in automation degree and cannot realize full-automatic staged fermentation, provides a continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea fermentation machine and a regulation and control method, and can meet the fermentation requirements of each stage of black tea fermentation.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme: a continuous temperature-changing and humidity-changing black tea fermentation machine comprises a box body, a polyester net conveyor belt, a humidifying pipe, a fin heating pipe, a layering partition plate, a circulating fan, a wall-hanging type ventilation fan and a machine top exhaust fan, wherein a tea inlet for putting tea leaves to be fermented is formed in the upper portion of the box body, the layering partition plate is provided with a pair of parallel partition plates, the layering partition plate sequentially comprises an upper layering partition plate and a lower layering partition plate from top to bottom, the two layering partition plates are arranged in the box body and divide the box body into three relatively closed fermentation chambers, and the three fermentation chambers sequentially comprise an upper fermentation chamber, a middle fermentation chamber and a lower fermentation chamber from top to bottom;
each fermentation chamber is internally provided with a polyester net conveying belt, and an external motor drives a power gear to rotate through chain transmission so as to provide power for the polyester net conveying belts; the polyester net conveying belt comprises an upper polyester net conveying belt arranged in an upper layer fermentation chamber, a middle polyester net conveying belt arranged in a middle layer fermentation chamber and a lower polyester net conveying belt arranged in a lower layer fermentation chamber, wherein the inlet end of the upper polyester net conveying belt is arranged under a tea inlet, a tea falling port corresponding to the outlet end of the upper polyester net conveying belt is formed in an upper layer layering partition plate under the outlet end of the upper polyester net conveying belt, the inlet end of the middle polyester net conveying belt is arranged under the tea falling port of the upper layering partition plate, a tea falling port corresponding to the outlet end of the middle polyester net conveying belt is formed in a lower layer layering partition plate under the outlet end of the middle polyester net conveying belt, the inlet end of the lower polyester net conveying belt is arranged under the tea falling port of the lower layering partition plate, the outlet end of the lower polyester net conveyor belt extends out of a discharge port formed in the side wall of the box body and extends out of the box body;
A pair of humidifying pipes are arranged in each fermentation chamber, the humidifying pipes are matched with the polyester net conveyor belts and are arranged on two sides above the polyester net conveyor belts of the corresponding fermentation chambers, the humidifying pipes are connected with an atomizing system arranged outside the box body through pipelines, mist generated by the atomizing system is introduced into the humidifying pipes through the pipelines, fine small holes are formed in the humidifying pipes, and the mist is sprayed out from the small holes to humidify tea leaves to be fermented on the polyester net conveyor belts in the fermentation chambers;
four wall-mounted air exchange fans are mounted on the side wall of the lower layer fermentation chamber, four top exhaust fans are mounted on the top plate of the box body at the upper end of the upper layer fermentation chamber, an openable shutter is embedded in each layered partition plate, a first shutter is arranged on each upper layer layered partition plate, and a second shutter is arranged on each lower layer layered partition plate;
each fermentation chamber is internally provided with a fin heating pipe which is arranged below the polyester net conveying belt in the fermentation chamber, the fin heating pipe is connected with an external water tank arranged outside the box body through a pipeline, water heated by the external water tank is pumped into the fin heating pipe through a return water circulating pump, and heat is supplied to tea leaves to be fermented in the fermentation chamber through the fin heating pipe;
Two circulating fans are arranged in each fermentation chamber, and the two circulating fans are diagonally arranged in the fermentation chambers;
a plurality of temperature sensors distributed in an array mode are arranged in each fermentation chamber.
Furthermore, the fin heating pipe is in a loop shape, and fine and dense small radiating fins are distributed on the fin heating pipe. The fine and scattered small fins arranged on the fin heating pipe increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange efficiency.
Furthermore, the temperature sensor group distributed in the array in the fermentation chamber comprises three groups of temperature sensors distributed at the top, the middle and the bottom of each fermentation chamber, three temperature sensors at equal intervals are arranged in the array direction of each group of temperature sensors and are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and a humidity sensor is arranged in each fermentation chamber in the same mode according to the arrangement position of the temperature sensors.
The fermentation chamber is divided into three relatively closed fermentation chambers by the layered partition boards, and the temperature and moisture supply capacity of each fermentation chamber can be independently adjusted, so that the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer have different temperature and humidity fermentation environments to fit the temperature and humidity changing fermentation process. The fermentation chamber of each layer is also provided with a pair of circulating fans to promote the air flow in the single layer, thereby improving the uniformity of the temperature and the humidity of the single layer.
Four wall-mounted ventilation fans are installed on the side wall of the lower fermentation chamber, four top exhaust fans are installed on the top of the lower fermentation chamber, when ventilation is needed in the fermentation process, the shutters on the two layered partition plates are opened firstly, then the wall-mounted ventilation fans on the side wall of the box body and the top exhaust fans on the top of the box body are opened, and when ventilation is finished, the wall-mounted ventilation fans on the side wall of the box body and the top exhaust fans on the top of the box body are closed firstly, and then the shutters on the layered partition plates are closed.
Because the openable shutter is embedded in the layered partition plate which divides the fermentation chamber into three layers, the ventilation efficiency can be improved by opening the shutter during ventilation, and the mutual interference of different temperature and humidity environments among the layers can be reduced by closing the shutter after ventilation is completed.
A regulation and control method of a continuous temperature and humidity variable black tea fermentation machine comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: calculating the theoretical belt speeds of the upper polyester net conveyor belt, the middle polyester net conveyor belt and the lower polyester net conveyor belt;
assuming that the staged fermentation of black tea is divided into three stages, namely high temperature and high humidity requiring time t1, low temperature and high humidity requiring time t2 and low temperature and low humidity requiring time t3, the units of t1, t2 and t3 are h, the effective transport length of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt is L1, the effective transport length of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt is L2, the effective transport length of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt is L3, and the units of L1, L2 and L3 are m, the theoretical belt speed V1 of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt, the theoretical belt speed V2 of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt and the theoretical belt speed V3 of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt are respectively:
Step two: after theoretical belt speeds of the upper polyester net conveyor belt, the middle polyester net conveyor belt and the lower polyester net conveyor belt are calculated, the theoretical belt speeds of the upper polyester net conveyor belt, the middle polyester net conveyor belt and the lower polyester net conveyor belt are achieved by adjusting the transmission ratio of chain transmission, so that the tea leaves to be fermented are in a high-temperature high-humidity environment when being on the upper polyester net conveyor belt, the tea leaves to be fermented are in a low-temperature high-humidity environment when being on the middle polyester net conveyor belt, and the tea leaves to be fermented are in a low-temperature low-humidity environment when being on the lower polyester net conveyor belt, thereby carrying out three-stage fermentation;
step three: arranging temperature and humidity sensors at all parts of the fermentation chamber to acquire the temperature and humidity at all parts of the fermentation chamber; the temperature sensors are arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom in each layer of fermentation chamber, the name of a measuring point i is Pi, the temperature detected at the Pi position is Ti, the temperature weight is TWi, the humidity is Hi, and the humidity weight is HWi; when the set temperature is T0 and the set humidity is H0, the weighted average temperature Tm and the weighted average humidity Hm of the temperature and humidity environment can be calculated as follows:
taking a measuring point which is close to the center of the fermentation chamber and is closest to the tea leaves to be fermented in the fermentation chamber as a reference point, wherein the distance between each measuring point Pi and the reference point is PL iThe value range of the weight is WminTo WmaxWherein 0 is<Wmin<Wmax<1, and the maximum distance between each measurement point Pi and the reference point is PLmaxThen, each measurement point P can be calculatediThe temperature weight of (a) is:
wherein, WmaxThe weight of the reference point is the maximum value of the weight, and the weight of the measuring point farthest from the reference point is the minimum value WminFrom each measuring point PiCalculating the weight of the humidity of each measuring point in the same way;
step four: due to the fact that temperature and humidity are coupled, temperature rise and humidity fall, humidity rise and temperature fall, the temperature and humidity are decoupled by adopting a diagonal matrix method, a diagonal matrix decoupling structure is arranged in a fuzzy PID control system of a fermentation machine to obtain a temperature and humidity fuzzy decoupling control system, a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 are used as the input of the temperature and humidity fuzzy decoupling control system, the actual temperature and humidity of a fermentation chamber are used as the output, the measured actual temperature Tm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the control system, and the measured actual humidity Hm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the control system; through the control scheme, the single-layer temperature and humidity can be guaranteed to well fluctuate slightly under the set temperature and humidity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention divides the fermenting room into relative closed areas by the layered partition board, each area can independently adjust the temperature and the moisture supply amount, thereby realizing the fermenting environment with different temperature and humidity on the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer to fit the temperature and humidity changing fermenting process. Each layer is also provided with a pair of circulating fans to promote air circulation in the single layer, so that the uniformity of the temperature and the humidity of the single layer is improved. Moreover, the layered partition plates are also embedded with openable shutters, so that the ventilation efficiency is improved by opening the shutters during ventilation, and the shutters are closed after ventilation is completed, thereby reducing the mutual interference of different temperature and humidity environments among layers. It is worth mentioning that the invention belongs to a continuous type fermentation machine, and the staged fermentation production line is relatively easy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea fermentation machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea fermentation machine.
Figure 3 is an isometric view of another angle of a continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea brewer of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a layered separator of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a finned heating tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the temperature sensor measurement point of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a diagonal matrix method decoupling architecture according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-box body, 2-tea inlet, 3-upper polyester net conveyor belt, 4-middle polyester net conveyor belt, 5-lower polyester net conveyor belt, 6-humidifying pipe, 7-fin heating pipe, 8-circulating fan, 9-power gear, 10-first transmission gear, 11-second transmission gear, 12-third transmission gear, 13-fourth transmission gear, 14-fifth transmission gear, 15-sixth transmission gear, 16-seventh transmission gear, 17-wall-hanging type ventilation fan, 18-lower layer layered partition board, 19-second shutter, 20-upper layer layered partition board, 21-first shutter window, 22-roof exhaust fan and 23-temperature sensor group.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea fermentation machine is characterized in that: including box 1, polyester net conveyer belt, humidification pipe 6, fin heating pipe 7, layering baffle, circulating fan 8, wall-hanging scavenger fan 17 and set top air discharge fan 22, box 1 top is offered and is used for throwing into the tea inlet 2 of treating the fermented tealeaves, the layering baffle is provided with a pair of parallel arrangement, and the layering baffle is from last to being upper strata layering baffle 20 and lower floor's layering baffle 18 down in proper order, and two layering baffles set up in box 1 and separate into three relative confined fermentation chambers with box 1, and three fermentation chambers are from last to being upper fermentation chamber, middle level fermentation chamber and lower floor's fermentation chamber down in proper order.
Each fermentation chamber is internally provided with a polyester net conveying belt, and an external motor drives a power gear 9 to rotate through chain transmission so as to provide power for the polyester net conveying belts; the polyester net conveying belt comprises an upper polyester net conveying belt 3 arranged in an upper layer fermentation chamber, a middle polyester net conveying belt 4 arranged in a middle layer fermentation chamber and a lower polyester net conveying belt 5 arranged in a lower layer fermentation chamber, wherein the inlet end of the upper polyester net conveying belt 3 is arranged under a tea inlet 2, a tea falling port corresponding to the outlet end of the upper polyester net conveying belt 3 is formed in an upper layer layered partition plate 20 under the outlet end of the upper polyester net conveying belt 3, the inlet end of the middle polyester net conveying belt 4 is arranged under the tea falling port of the upper layered partition plate 20, a tea falling port corresponding to the outlet end of the middle polyester net conveying belt 4 is formed in a lower layer layered partition plate 18 under the outlet end of the middle polyester net conveying belt 4, the inlet end of the lower polyester net conveying belt 5 is arranged under the tea falling port of the lower layered partition plate 18, the outlet end of the lower polyester net conveyor belt 5 extends out of the discharge port formed in the side wall of the box body 1 and extends out of the box body 1.
The upper layer polyester net conveyor belt 3, the middle layer polyester net conveyor belt 4 and the lower layer polyester net conveyor belt 5 are all provided with a driving shaft and a follow-up shaft; a first transmission gear 10 is arranged on a driving shaft of the lower polyester mesh conveying belt 5, and the first transmission gear 10 is connected with a power gear 9 through a transmission chain; a fourth transmission gear 13 is arranged on a follow-up shaft of the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt 3; the second transmission gear 11 and the power gear 9 are fixed on the same shaft; a third transmission gear 12 is arranged on a driving shaft of the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt 3, and the third transmission gear 12 is connected with the second transmission gear 11 through a transmission chain; a seventh transmission gear 16 is arranged on the driving shaft of the middle layer polyester net conveying belt 4; an intermediate shaft is arranged below the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, a fifth transmission gear 14 and a sixth transmission gear 15 are respectively arranged at two ends of the intermediate shaft, the fifth transmission gear 14 is meshed with a fourth transmission gear 13 on the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, and the sixth transmission gear 15 is connected with a seventh transmission gear 16 on the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 through a chain.
When the power gear 9 works, the first transmission gear 10 is driven to move through the transmission chain so as to drive the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 to work, and meanwhile, the second transmission gears 11 on the same shaft are driven to rotate; when the second transmission gear 11 rotates, the third transmission gear 12 on the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt 3 is driven to rotate through the transmission chain, and the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt 3 is driven to work; meanwhile, a fourth transmission gear 13 on a follow-up shaft of the upper-layer polyester mesh conveyor belt 3 also rotates, the fourth transmission gear 13 drives a fifth transmission gear 14 and a sixth transmission gear 15 on the intermediate shaft to rotate together, and then the seventh transmission gear 16 on the middle-layer polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 is driven to rotate by chain transmission, so that the middle-layer polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 is driven to work; because entire system relies on the driving chain to carry out the transmission, whole working process can ensure upper polyester net conveyer belt 3, transmission opposite direction between middle level polyester net conveyer belt 4 and lower floor's polyester net conveyer belt 5 two liang, can realize tealeaves and get into upper polyester net conveyer belt 3 from the left side, fall on middle level polyester net conveyer belt 4 from the right side of upper polyester net conveyer belt 3, fall on lower floor's polyester net conveyer belt 5 from the left side of middle level polyester net conveyer belt 4 again, carry out the ejection of compact from the discharge gate on lower floor's polyester net conveyer belt 5 right side again.
A pair of humidifying pipes 6 are arranged in each fermentation chamber, the humidifying pipes 6 are matched with the polyester net conveyor belts, the humidifying pipes 6 are arranged on two sides above the polyester net conveyor belts of the corresponding fermentation chambers, the humidifying pipes 6 are connected with an atomizing system arranged outside the box body 1 through pipelines, mist generated by the atomizing system is introduced into the humidifying pipes 6 through pipelines, fine small holes are formed in the humidifying pipes 6, and the mist is sprayed out from the small holes to humidify tea leaves to be fermented on the polyester net conveyor belts in the fermentation chambers;
four wall-mounted ventilation fans are mounted on the side wall of the lower layer fermentation chamber, four top exhaust fans 22 are mounted on the top plate of the box body 1 at the upper end of the upper layer fermentation chamber, a shutter which can be opened and closed is embedded in each layered partition plate, the shutter arranged on the upper layer layered partition plate 20 is a first shutter 21, and the shutter arranged on the lower layer layered partition plate 18 is a second shutter 19;
each fermentation chamber is internally provided with a fin heating pipe 7, the fin heating pipe 7 is arranged below the polyester net conveying belt in the fermentation chamber, the fin heating pipe 7 is connected with an external water tank arranged outside the box body 1 through a pipeline, water heated by the external water tank is pumped into the fin heating pipe 7 through a return water circulating pump, and heat is supplied to tea leaves to be fermented in the fermentation chamber through the fin heating pipe 7;
Two circulating fans 8 are arranged in each fermentation chamber, and the two circulating fans 8 are diagonally arranged in the fermentation chamber.
The array-distributed temperature sensor group 23 in the fermentation chamber comprises three groups of temperature sensors distributed at the top, the middle and the bottom of each fermentation chamber, and three temperature sensors at equal intervals are arranged in each group of temperature sensors along the array direction and are positioned on the same horizontal plane. Two opposite vertex angles at the top of the fermentation chamber and a certain distance below the center of the top are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, the middle of the spatial position of the fermentation chamber, the inlet and the outlet are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, two opposite vertex angles at the bottom of the fermentation chamber and a certain distance above the center of the bottom are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, a group of temperature sensors at the top and a group of temperature sensors at the bottom are not at the same diagonal position, and a humidity sensor is arranged in each fermentation chamber in the same mode according to the arrangement position of the temperature sensors.
The fermentation chamber is divided into three relatively closed fermentation chambers by the layered partition boards, and the temperature and moisture supply capacity of each fermentation chamber can be independently adjusted, so that the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer have different temperature and humidity fermentation environments to fit the temperature and humidity changing fermentation process. The fermentation chamber of each layer is also provided with a pair of circulating fans to promote the air flow in the single layer, thereby improving the uniformity of the temperature and the humidity of the single layer.
Four wall-mounted ventilating fans 17 are installed on the side wall of the lower fermentation chamber, four top exhaust fans 22 are installed on the top of the lower fermentation chamber, when ventilation is needed in the fermentation process, the shutters on the two layered partition plates are opened firstly, then the wall-mounted ventilating fans 17 on the side wall of the box body 1 and the top exhaust fans 22 on the top of the box body 1 are opened, and when ventilation is finished, the shutters on the layered partition plates are closed firstly after the wall-mounted ventilating fans 17 on the side wall of the box body 1 and the top exhaust fans 22 on the top of the box body 1 are closed.
Because the openable shutter is embedded in the three layered partition plates which divide the fermentation chamber into three layers, the ventilation efficiency can be improved by opening the shutter during ventilation, and the mutual interference of different temperature and humidity environments among the layers can be reduced by closing the shutter after ventilation is completed.
The fin heating pipe 7 is in a loop shape, and fine and dense small radiating fins are distributed on the fin heating pipe 7.
A method for regulating and controlling a continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea fermentation machine specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: theoretical belt speeds of the upper polyester net conveyor belt 3, the middle polyester net conveyor belt 4 and the lower polyester net conveyor belt 5 are calculated;
assuming that the staged fermentation of black tea is divided into three stages, namely high temperature and high humidity requiring time t1, low temperature and high humidity requiring time t2 and low temperature and low humidity requiring time t3, the units of t1, t2 and t3 are h, the effective transport length of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3 is L1, the effective transport length of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 is L2, the effective transport length of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 is L3, and the units of L1, L2 and L3 are m, and the theoretical belt speed V1 of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, the theoretical belt speed V2 of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 and the theoretical belt speed V3 of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 are respectively calculated as:
Step two: after theoretical belt speeds of the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt 3, the middle-layer polyester net conveying belt 4 and the lower-layer polyester net conveying belt 5 are calculated, the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt 3, the middle-layer polyester net conveying belt 4 and the lower-layer polyester net conveying belt 5 reach the theoretical belt speeds by adjusting the transmission ratio of chain transmission, so that tea to be fermented is in a high-temperature high-humidity environment when being on the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt 3, the tea to be fermented is in a low-temperature high-humidity environment when being on the middle-layer polyester net conveying belt 4, and the tea to be fermented is in a low-temperature low-humidity environment when being on the lower-layer polyester net conveying belt 5, thereby carrying out three-stage fermentation;
step three: arranging temperature and humidity sensors at all positions of the fermentation chamber to acquire the temperature and humidity at all positions in the fermentation chamber; the temperature sensors are arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom in each layer of fermentation chamber, the name of a measuring point i is Pi, the temperature detected at the Pi position is Ti, the temperature weight is TWi, the humidity is Hi, and the humidity weight is HWi; if the set temperature is T0 and the set humidity is H0, the weighted average temperature Tm and the weighted average humidity Hm of the temperature and humidity environment can be calculated as follows:
taking a measuring point which is close to the center of the fermentation chamber and is closest to the tea leaves to be fermented in the fermentation chamber as a reference point, wherein the distance between each measuring point Pi and the reference point is PL iThe value range of the weight is WminTo WmaxWherein 0 is<Wmin<Wmax<1, the maximum distance between each measuring point Pi and the reference point is PLmaxThen, each measurement point P can be calculatediThe weight of the temperature is:
wherein, WmaxThe weight of the reference point is the maximum value of the weight, and the weight of the measuring point farthest from the reference point is the minimum value WminFrom each measuring point PiCalculating the weight of the humidity of each measuring point in the same way;
step four: due to the fact that temperature and humidity are coupled, temperature rise and humidity fall, humidity rise and temperature fall, the temperature and humidity are decoupled by adopting a diagonal matrix method, a diagonal matrix decoupling structure is arranged in a fuzzy PID control system of a fermentation machine to obtain a temperature and humidity fuzzy decoupling control system, a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 are used as the input of the temperature and humidity fuzzy decoupling control system, the actual temperature and humidity of a fermentation chamber are used as the output, the measured actual temperature Tm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the control system, and the measured actual humidity Hm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the control system; through the control scheme, the single-layer temperature and humidity can be guaranteed to well fluctuate slightly under the set temperature and humidity.
As shown in FIG. 7, the fermentation machine control system adopts a diagonal matrix method to decouple the temperature and the humidity, and the transfer function matrix of the temperature and humidity coupling system is set as
The decoupling matrix is
Using a simplified diagonal matrix method, the target matrix is preset to [ G ]p11(s)Gp22(s)-GP12(s)Gp21(s)]For the matrix of the right diagonal elements, obtain a decoupling matrix of
And (3) extracting the decoupling structure in the dotted line frame of FIG. 6 and placing the decoupling structure into a fermentation machine control system to obtain the temperature and humidity fuzzy decoupling control system of FIG. 7.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, so long as the technical solutions can be realized on the basis of the above embodiments without creative efforts, which should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a continuous type alternating temperature becomes wet black tea fermentation machine which characterized in that: the tea leaf fermentation device comprises a box body (1), a polyester net conveyor belt, a humidifying pipe (6), a fin heating pipe (7), layering partition plates, a circulating fan (8), a wall-mounted ventilation fan (17) and a roof exhaust fan (22), wherein a tea inlet (2) for putting tea leaves to be fermented is formed in the upper portion of the box body (1), the layering partition plates are provided with a pair of parallel arrangement, the layering partition plates are an upper layering partition plate (20) and a lower layering partition plate (18) from top to bottom in sequence, the two layering partition plates are arranged in the box body (1) and divide the box body (1) into three relatively closed fermentation chambers, and the three fermentation chambers are an upper fermentation chamber, a middle fermentation chamber and a lower fermentation chamber from top to bottom in sequence;
Each fermentation chamber is internally provided with a polyester mesh conveyor belt, and an external motor drives a power gear (9) to rotate through chain transmission so as to provide power for the polyester mesh conveyor belts; the polyester net conveying belt comprises an upper layer polyester net conveying belt (3) arranged in an upper layer fermentation chamber, a middle layer polyester net conveying belt (4) arranged in the middle layer fermentation chamber and a lower layer polyester net conveying belt (5) arranged in a lower layer fermentation chamber, wherein the inlet end of the upper layer polyester net conveying belt (3) is arranged under the tea inlet (2), a tea falling port corresponding to the outlet end of the upper layer polyester net conveying belt (3) is formed in an upper layer layering partition plate (20) under the outlet end of the upper layer polyester net conveying belt (3), the inlet end of the middle layer polyester net conveying belt (4) is arranged under the tea falling port of the upper layer layering partition plate (20), a tea falling port corresponding to the outlet end of the middle layer polyester net conveying belt (4) is formed in a lower layer partition plate (18) under the outlet end of the middle layer polyester net conveying belt (4), the inlet end of the lower polyester net conveyor belt (5) is arranged right below a tea falling opening of the lower layered partition plate (18), and the outlet end of the lower polyester net conveyor belt (5) extends out of a discharge opening formed in the side wall of the box body (1) and extends out of the box body (1);
A pair of humidifying pipes (6) is arranged in each fermentation chamber, the humidifying pipes (6) are matched with the polyester net conveyor belt and the humidifying pipes (6) are arranged on two sides above the polyester net conveyor belt of the corresponding fermentation chamber, the humidifying pipes (6) are connected with an atomizing system arranged outside the box body (1) through pipelines, mist generated by the atomizing system is introduced into the humidifying pipes (6) through the pipelines, fine small holes are formed in the humidifying pipes (6), and the mist is sprayed out from the small holes to humidify tea leaves to be fermented on the polyester net conveyor belt in the fermentation chamber;
four wall-mounted ventilation fans are mounted on the side wall of the lower layer fermentation chamber, four top exhaust fans (22) are mounted on the top plate of the box body (1) at the upper end of the upper layer fermentation chamber, an openable shutter is embedded in each layered partition plate, a first shutter (21) is arranged on each upper layered partition plate (20), and a second shutter (19) is arranged on each lower layered partition plate (18);
each fermentation chamber is internally provided with a fin heating pipe (7), the fin heating pipe (7) is arranged below the polyester net conveying belt in the fermentation chamber, the fin heating pipe (7) is connected with an external water tank arranged outside the box body (1) through a pipeline, water heated by the external water tank is pumped into the fin heating pipe (7) through a return water circulating pump, and heat is supplied to tea leaves to be fermented in the fermentation chamber through the fin heating pipe (7);
Two circulating fans (8) are arranged in each fermentation chamber, and the two circulating fans (8) are diagonally arranged in the fermentation chambers;
and each fermentation chamber is internally provided with a temperature sensor group distributed in an array manner.
2. The continuous temperature and humidity changing black tea fermentation machine according to claim 1, wherein: the fin heating pipe (7) is in a loop shape, and fine and dense small radiating fins are distributed on the fin heating pipe (7).
3. The utility model provides a continuous type alternating temperature becomes wet black tea fermentation machine which characterized in that: the temperature sensor group (23) distributed in the array in the fermentation chamber comprises three groups of temperature sensors distributed at the top, the middle and the bottom of each fermentation chamber, three temperature sensors at equal intervals are arranged in the array direction of each group of temperature sensors and are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and a humidity sensor is arranged in each fermentation chamber in the same mode according to the arrangement position of the temperature sensors.
4. A regulation and control method of a continuous temperature and humidity variable black tea fermentation machine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: theoretical belt speeds of the upper polyester net conveyor belt (3), the middle polyester net conveyor belt (4) and the lower polyester net conveyor belt (5) are calculated;
assuming that the staged fermentation of black tea is divided into three stages, namely high temperature and high humidity requiring time t1, low temperature and high humidity requiring time t2 and low temperature and low humidity requiring time t3, the unit of t1, t2 and t3 is h, the effective transport length of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt (3) is L1, the effective transport length of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt (4) is L2, the effective transport length of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt (5) is L3, the unit of L1, L2 and L3 is m, the theoretical belt speed V1 of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt (3), the theoretical belt speed V2 of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt (4) and the theoretical belt speed V3 of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt (5) are respectively calculated as follows:
Step two: after theoretical belt speeds of the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt (3), the middle-layer polyester net conveying belt (4) and the lower-layer polyester net conveying belt (5) are calculated, the theoretical belt speeds of the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt (3), the middle-layer polyester net conveying belt (4) and the lower-layer polyester net conveying belt (5) are achieved by adjusting the transmission ratio of chain transmission, so that tea leaves to be fermented are in a high-temperature high-humidity environment when being on the upper-layer polyester net conveying belt (3), the tea leaves to be fermented are in a low-temperature high-humidity environment when being on the middle-layer polyester net conveying belt (4), and the tea leaves to be fermented are in a low-temperature low-humidity environment when being on the lower-layer polyester net conveying belt (5), so that three-stage fermentation is carried out;
step three: arranging temperature and humidity sensors at all positions of the fermentation chamber to acquire the temperature and humidity at all positions in the fermentation chamber; the temperature sensors are arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom in each layer of fermentation chamber, the name of a measuring point i is Pi, the temperature detected at the Pi position is Ti, the temperature weight is TWi, the humidity is Hi, and the humidity weight is HWi; if the set temperature is T0 and the set humidity is H0, the weighted average temperature Tm and the weighted average humidity Hm of the temperature and humidity environment can be calculated as follows:
taking a measuring point which is close to the center of the fermentation chamber and is closest to the tea leaves to be fermented in the fermentation chamber as a reference point, wherein the distance between each measuring point Pi and the reference point is PL iThe value range of the weight is WminTo WmaxWherein 0 is<Wmin<Wmax<1, the maximum distance between each measuring point Pi and the reference point is PLmaxThen, each measurement point P can be calculatediThe weight of the temperature is:
wherein, WmaxThe weight of the reference point is the maximum value of the weight, and the weight of the measuring point farthest from the reference point is the minimum value WminFrom each measuring point PiThe temperature weight of each measuring point is calculated in the same way to obtain the weight of the humidity of each measuring pointA value;
step four: due to the fact that temperature and humidity are coupled, temperature rise and humidity fall, humidity rise and temperature fall, the temperature and humidity are decoupled by adopting a diagonal matrix method, a diagonal matrix decoupling structure is arranged in a fuzzy PID control system of a fermentation machine to obtain a temperature and humidity fuzzy decoupling control system, a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 are used as the input of the temperature and humidity fuzzy decoupling control system, the actual temperature and humidity of a fermentation chamber are used as the output, the measured actual temperature Tm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the control system, and the measured actual humidity Hm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the control system; through the control scheme, the single-layer temperature and humidity can be guaranteed to well fluctuate slightly under the set temperature and humidity.
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