CN114659342A - Traditional Chinese medicine browning drying device and method based on accurate temperature and humidity control - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicine browning drying device and method based on accurate temperature and humidity control Download PDFInfo
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- CN114659342A CN114659342A CN202210293914.6A CN202210293914A CN114659342A CN 114659342 A CN114659342 A CN 114659342A CN 202210293914 A CN202210293914 A CN 202210293914A CN 114659342 A CN114659342 A CN 114659342A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 54
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
- F26B9/066—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers the products to be dried being disposed on one or more containers, which may have at least partly gas-previous walls, e.g. trays or shelves in a stack
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
- F26B21/002—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure heating the drying air indirectly, i.e. using a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/003—Supply-air or gas filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
Abstract
The invention discloses a browning type traditional Chinese medicine drying device and method based on accurate temperature and humidity control, wherein the drying device comprises a box body, an air energy heat pump device, a hot air circulating device, a humidifying and dehumidifying device and an automatic control device; be provided with the drying chamber in the box, air energy heat pump device provides heat energy heating air for hot-blast circulating device and forms hot-blastly, hot-blast circulating device provides the hot-blastly for drying chamber drying traditional chinese medicinal materials in the brown stain, humidification dehumidifying device provides the moisture for the drying chamber and is used for adjusting humidity, automatic control device is used for controlling air energy heat pump device, hot-blast circulating device and humidification dehumidifying device, realizes the drying of traditional chinese medicinal materials in the brown stain. This drying device can reduce energy consumption and cost, and the humiture that can accurate control drying chamber realizes the balance and the stability of humiture, guarantees stability and the homogeneity in the brown stain type chinese medicinal material course of working, is favorable to improving brown stain type chinese medicinal material quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for drying browning traditional Chinese medicines based on accurate temperature and humidity control.
Background
The fresh Chinese medicinal materials are not suitable for storage due to high moisture content and are easy to rot and deteriorate after being harvested, and drying is an important method and means for solving the problem. The Chinese medicinal material varieties need different drying methods due to different material characteristics, so that the comprehensive optimization of the quality and the drying efficiency of the Chinese medicinal material is achieved. The drying method of the origin place of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials specified in the Chinese pharmacopoeia mainly comprises drying, baking, sun drying, shade drying, airing, low-temperature drying and the like. The traditional Chinese medicinal materials can generate browning reaction in the drying process, so that the content or the structure of active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is changed, the quality of part of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is reduced, and the drug effect of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is influenced; however, some Chinese medicinal materials generate new active ingredient substances due to browning reaction and have special efficacy, such as dark plum, wrinkled gianthyssop fruit, sealwort, desertliving cistanche and the like, and the varieties of the Chinese medicinal materials are collectively called browning Chinese medicinal materials. However, the existing production place drying method of browning traditional Chinese medicinal materials mainly adopts traditional drying modes such as natural airing and smoking, and the like, so that the problems of low drying efficiency, uneven drying, poor quality and the like are solved, bacteria are easy to breed, and the quality of the medicinal materials is seriously influenced.
The factors influencing the browning degree of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are divided into two types, namely material characteristics and external environment conditions, wherein the material characteristics comprise enzyme activity, ph, water activity and the like, the external environment conditions mainly comprise temperature, humidity, illumination and the like, and the temperature and the humidity influence the most. The existing temperature and humidity control hot air drying equipment is low in humidifying efficiency and insufficient in humidity control stability and precision.
The traditional heat pump drying equipment can cause great fluctuation of internal temperature and humidity in the heat pump circulating working process due to the working principle and the heating mode, and the drying stability and uniformity of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in browning are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a browning type traditional Chinese medicine drying device and method based on accurate temperature and humidity control, which can realize accurate control of temperature and humidity in a drying process of browning type traditional Chinese medicines, detect the water content on line in real time, switch drying parameters according to the water content, and improve the drying efficiency and the quality of the dried browning type traditional Chinese medicines.
The technical scheme is that the browning traditional Chinese medicine drying device based on accurate temperature and humidity control comprises a box body, an air energy heat pump device, a hot air circulating device, a humidifying and dehumidifying device and an automatic control device; the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device, the humidifying and dehumidifying device and the automatic control device are arranged on the box body;
the cabinet includes a drying chamber 101, a drying chamber door 102, an equipment chamber 103, and an equipment chamber door 104;
the outer layers of the drying chamber 101 and the drying chamber door 102 are wrapped with heat insulation plates, air equalizing plates 1011 are arranged on the left side and the right side in the drying chamber 101, an air supply cavity is formed between the air equalizing plate 1011 on the left side and the inner wall of the drying chamber 101, an exhaust cavity is formed between the air equalizing plate 1011 on the right side and the inner wall of the drying chamber 101, and an air outlet of the drying chamber 101 is formed in the exhaust cavity; the air-equalizing plate 1011 is densely distributed with vent holes and is provided with a material tray bracket at intervals, and the material tray 1012 is placed on the material tray bracket; a water collecting tray 1013 is placed at the lower part of the drying chamber 101; the bottom of the drying chamber 101 is provided with a hot air cavity 1014;
the air energy heat pump device provides heat energy for the hot air circulating device to heat air and form hot air, the hot air circulating device provides circulating hot air for the drying chamber 101 to dry the browning traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the humidification dehumidifying device provides moisture for the drying chamber 101 to adjust humidity, and the automatic control device is used for controlling the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device and the humidification dehumidifying device to dry the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in browning.
The air energy heat pump device comprises an evaporator 201, a compressor 202, an expansion valve 203, a condenser 204 and an axial flow fan 205, wherein the evaporator 201, the compressor 202, the expansion valve 203 and the condenser 204 are connected through pipelines;
a ventilation opening 1031 is arranged on the rear wall of the equipment chamber 103, an air outlet is arranged on the side wall of the equipment chamber, and a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the equipment chamber 103;
the axial flow fan 205 is installed at an air outlet on a sidewall of the equipment room 103, the evaporator 201 is installed at an upper portion of the equipment room 103 opposite to the axial flow fan 205, the compressor 202 is installed on a partition in the middle of the equipment room 103, and the condenser 204 is installed on a bottom plate of the equipment room 103.
The hot air circulating device comprises a variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301, an auxiliary heating pipe 302, an air deflector 303, an air deflector 304, an electric air valve 305, an exhaust pipeline 306 and a heat exchanger 307;
the variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301 is arranged on the bottom plate of the equipment room 103, an air inlet of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301 is connected with the condenser 204, and an air outlet of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301 is connected with an inlet of the hot air cavity 1014 at the bottom of the drying chamber 101; the auxiliary heating pipe 302 is installed in the hot air cavity 1014, and the air deflector 303 and the air deflector 304 are installed at the air outlet of the hot air cavity 1014; the electric air valve 305 is installed at the air outlet of the drying chamber 101, one end of the air exhaust pipeline 306 is communicated with the electric air valve 305, the other end of the air exhaust pipeline 306 is communicated with the heat exchanger 307, and the air outlet of the heat exchanger 307 is communicated with the air inlet of the condenser 204.
A mesh enclosure is arranged at the air inlet of the heat exchanger 307, and an air filter element 308 is arranged at the air inlet of the hot air cavity 1014.
The humidifying and dehumidifying device comprises a water storage tank 401, a descaling filter 402, a water inlet pipe 403, a humidifying water tank 404, a ball float valve 405, an ultrasonic atomization module 406, a mist blowing fan 407, a mist heater 408, a mist outlet pipeline 409, an electric dehumidifying valve 410 and a dehumidifying fan 411;
the water storage tank 401 is arranged on the back of the tank body, the humidifying water tank 404 is arranged outside the tank body, the water storage tank 401 is communicated with the humidifying water tank 404 through a water inlet pipe 403, and a descaling filter 402 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 403; a float valve 405, an ultrasonic atomization module 406 and a mist blowing fan 407 are arranged in the humidification water tank 404, the float valve 405 is arranged at an outlet of the water inlet pipe 403, the ultrasonic atomization module 406 is arranged at the bottom of the humidification water tank 404 and consists of a drive plate and a plurality of atomization sheets which can be controlled independently, and the mist blowing fan 407 is arranged at the upper part of one side wall of the humidification water tank 404; the other side wall of the humidifying water tank 404 opposite to the mist blowing fan 407 is provided with a mist outlet, the mist outlet is communicated with the air supply cavity of the drying chamber 101 through a mist outlet pipeline 409, and the water mist heater 408 is arranged on the mist outlet pipeline 409; the electric dehumidifying valve 410 is installed at the upper portion of the drying chamber 101, and its outside is connected with a dehumidifying fan 411.
The humidifying and dehumidifying device further comprises a turbulent fan 412, and the turbulent fan 412 is arranged at the air supply cavity of the drying chamber 101.
The automatic control device comprises a controller 501, two temperature sensors 502, a temperature and humidity sensor 503 and a capacitance sensor 504;
the two temperature sensors 502 are respectively arranged in the hot air cavity 1014 and the mist outlet pipeline 409, the temperature and humidity sensor 503 is arranged in the drying chamber 101, and the capacitance sensor 504 is arranged in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials; the two temperature sensors 502, the temperature and humidity sensor 503, and the capacitance sensor 504 are electrically connected to the controller 501.
A browning traditional Chinese medicine drying method based on accurate temperature and humidity control comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the internal of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is quickly heated, so that the browning traditional Chinese medicine is quickly dehydrated, and the quality, particularly the appearance quality of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is ensured to be unchanged;
(II) component conversion stage: chemical reaction is carried out on the browning traditional Chinese medicine under the stress condition of the temperature and humidity environment, so that the browning traditional Chinese medicine is further dehydrated, and the internal marked components are converted and accumulated along with the surface color browning;
(III) final drying stage: after the component conversion is finished, the browning traditional Chinese medicine materials are further dried to reach the water content specified by the pharmacopoeia.
A browning traditional Chinese medicine drying method based on accurate temperature and humidity control comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the drying temperature and the drying humidity of the browning traditional Chinese medicinal materials are controlled to be 40-50 ℃ and 40-50%;
(II) component conversion stage: the component conversion temperature and humidity of the browning traditional Chinese medicine are controlled between 60 and 80 ℃, and between 60 and 80 percent respectively;
(III) final drying stage: the drying temperature of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is controlled between 50-60 ℃, and the drying humidity mode adopts a moisture removal mode.
The device and the method for drying traditional Chinese medicinal materials in browning on the basis of accurate temperature and humidity control, provided by the invention, have the following advantages:
1. according to the traditional Chinese medicine drying device based on accurate temperature and humidity control for browning, the air energy heat pump device is used as a heat source for heating air, and the hot air is used for heating the drying chamber, so that the energy consumption and the cost are reduced, and the reliability and the stability of the operation of the drying device are ensured.
2. In the drying process, the hot air entering the drying chamber is subjected to dust removal treatment, so that the pollution to the Chinese medicinal materials is reduced.
3. The automatic control device detects the temperature and the humidity of the drying chamber in real time through the temperature sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor, and controls the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device and the humidification and dehumidification device in real time, so that the temperature and the humidity of the drying chamber can be accurately controlled, the balance and the stability of the temperature and the humidity are realized, the stability and the uniformity in the processing process of the brown Chinese medicinal materials are ensured, and the quality of the brown Chinese medicinal materials is favorably improved.
4. Adopt capacitive sensor real-time detection brown stain type traditional chinese medicine's moisture content to in time switch over drying parameter according to brown stain type traditional chinese medicine's moisture content, realize accurate, intelligent control, reduced the cost of labor, be favorable to improving brown stain type traditional chinese medicine drying quality simultaneously.
5. The method for drying the browning traditional Chinese medicine based on accurate temperature and humidity control is suitable for the drying process of the browning traditional Chinese medicine, and the method for drying the browning traditional Chinese medicine can ensure the stability and uniformity of the browning traditional Chinese medicine in the processing process and is beneficial to improving the quality of the browning traditional Chinese medicine.
6. The browning traditional Chinese medicine drying device based on accurate temperature and humidity control can also be used for drying other traditional Chinese medicines.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front side and left side perspective view of a browning type traditional Chinese medicine drying device based on accurate temperature and humidity control;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the right side and the rear side of a traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control;
fig. 3 is a schematic front view of an inside of a traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a humidifying water tank;
reference numbers in the drawings illustrate:
101. drying chamber, 102 drying chamber door, 103 equipment chamber, 104 equipment chamber door
1011. Air equalizing plate, 1012 charging tray, 1013 water collecting tray, 1014 hot air cavity
1031. Air vent
201. Evaporator, 202, compressor, 203, expansion valve, 204, condenser, 205, axial-flow fan
301. Variable frequency centrifugal fan, 302 auxiliary heating pipe, 303 air deflector, 304 air deflector, 305 electric air valve, 306 exhaust pipe, 307 heat exchanger, 308 air filter element
401. The system comprises a water storage tank, a descaling filter, a water inlet pipe, a humidifying water tank, a floating ball valve, a water outlet pipe, a humidifying water tank, a floating ball valve, a water outlet pipe, a water mist heater, an electric moisture exhaust valve, a water mist heater, an electric moisture exhaust valve, a water mist heater, an electric moisture exhaust fan, a water mist heater, a water mist heater, a water tank, a water mist heater, a water tank, a water heater, a water mist heater, a water tank, a water heater, a water tank, a water heater, a water tank, a water
501. Controller, 502, temperature sensor, 503, temperature and humidity sensor, 504 and capacitance sensor
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Examples
The drying device for browning traditional Chinese medicine based on accurate temperature and humidity control in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1 to 4.
The browning traditional Chinese medicine drying device based on accurate temperature and humidity control comprises a box body, an air energy heat pump device, a hot air circulating device, a humidifying and dehumidifying device and an automatic control device; the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device, the humidifying and dehumidifying device and the automatic control device are arranged on the box body;
the cabinet includes a drying chamber 101, a drying chamber door 102, an equipment chamber 103, and an equipment chamber door 104;
the outer layers of the drying chamber 101 and the drying chamber door 102 are wrapped with heat insulation plates, air equalizing plates 1011 are arranged on the left side and the right side in the drying chamber 101, an air supply cavity is formed between the air equalizing plate 1011 on the left side and the inner wall of the drying chamber 101, an exhaust cavity is formed between the air equalizing plate 1011 on the right side and the inner wall of the drying chamber 101, and an air outlet of the drying chamber 101 is formed in the exhaust cavity; the air-equalizing plate 1011 is densely distributed with vent holes and is provided with a material tray bracket at intervals, and the material tray 1012 is placed on the material tray bracket; hot air enters the drying chamber 101 from the air supply cavity through the air equalizing plate 1011, damp and hot air which is dried up and used for traditional Chinese medicinal materials enters the air exhaust cavity through the air equalizing plate 1011, the damp and hot air is exhausted out of the drying chamber 101, and the hot air entering the drying chamber 101 is uniform through the air vents on the air equalizing plate 1011. A water collecting tray 1013 is placed at the lower part of the drying chamber 101 for collecting water generated in the drying process and impurities falling from the Chinese medicinal materials; the bottom of the drying chamber 101 is provided with a hot air cavity 1014;
the air energy heat pump device provides heat energy for the hot air circulating device to heat air and form hot air, the hot air circulating device provides circulating hot air for the drying chamber 101 to dry the browning traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the humidification dehumidifying device provides moisture for the drying chamber 101 to adjust humidity, and the automatic control device is used for controlling the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device and the humidification dehumidifying device to dry the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in browning.
The air energy heat pump device comprises an evaporator 201, a compressor 202, an expansion valve 203, a condenser 204 and an axial flow fan 205, wherein the evaporator 201, the compressor 202, the expansion valve 203 and the condenser 204 are connected through pipelines; the condenser 204 is an air-cooled condenser.
A ventilation opening 1031 is arranged on the rear wall of the equipment chamber 103, an air outlet is arranged on the side wall of the equipment chamber, and a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the equipment chamber 103;
the axial flow fan 205 is installed at an air outlet on a sidewall of the equipment room 103, the evaporator 201 is installed at an upper portion of the equipment room 103 opposite to the axial flow fan 205, the compressor 202 is installed on a partition in the middle of the equipment room 103, and the condenser 204 is installed on a bottom plate of the equipment room 103.
The environment fresh air enters the equipment room 103 through the vent 1031, flows through the evaporator 201, absorbs heat, and is led out from the side surface of the equipment room 103 by the induced draft axial flow fan 205.
The compressor 202 is located between the evaporator 201 and the condenser 204, and is separated from the evaporator and the condenser by a partition, so that the compressor 202 is in a stable environment and has a prolonged service life.
The hot air circulating device comprises a variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301, an auxiliary heating pipe 302, an air deflector 303, an air deflector 304, an electric air valve 305, an exhaust pipeline 306 and a heat exchanger 307; the heat exchanger 307 is a waste heat exchanger.
The variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301 is arranged on a bottom plate of the equipment room 103, an air inlet of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301 is connected with the condenser 204, air is heated after passing through the air-cooled condenser 204, an air outlet of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301 is connected with an inlet of a hot air cavity 1014 at the bottom of the drying room 101, and the heated air enters the hot air cavity 1014; the auxiliary heating pipe 302 is arranged in the hot air cavity 1014 and is used for increasing the temperature of hot air during rapid or high-temperature drying; the air deflector 303 and the air deflector 304 are arranged at the air outlet of the hot air cavity 1014 and are used for adjusting the direction and the flow of hot air entering the drying chamber 101; electric air valve 305 is installed at the air outlet of drying chamber 101, and the one end and the electric air valve 305 intercommunication of exhaust duct 306, the other end and the waste heat exchanger 307 intercommunication of exhaust duct 306, and the damp and hot air of having dried chinese-medicinal material passes through waste heat exchanger 307 and accomplishes heat exchange, realizes waste heat recovery and the effect of waste gas dehumidification. An air outlet of the waste heat exchanger 307 is communicated with an air inlet of the air-cooled condenser 204, and the environment fresh air is primarily heated by the waste heat exchanger 307, enters the air-cooled condenser 204, is continuously heated and then enters the drying chamber 101.
A mesh enclosure is arranged at the air inlet of the heat exchanger 307, and an air filter element 308 is arranged at the air inlet of the hot air cavity 1014. The two forms an air dust removing structure, and reduces the pollution of air to the traditional Chinese medicine.
The humidifying and dehumidifying device comprises a water storage tank 401, a descaling filter 402, a water inlet pipe 403, a humidifying water tank 404, a ball float valve 405, an ultrasonic atomization module 406, a mist blowing fan 407, a mist heater 408, a mist outlet pipeline 409, an electric dehumidifying valve 410 and a dehumidifying fan 411;
the water storage tank 401 is arranged on the back of the box body, the humidifying water tank 404 is arranged outside the box body, the water storage tank 401 is communicated with the humidifying water tank 404 through a water inlet pipe 403, a descaling filter 402 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 403, the descaling filter 402 can remove impurities, calcium, magnesium and the like in water, and the ultrasonic atomization efficiency is prevented from being influenced by scale; a float valve 405, an ultrasonic atomization module 406 and a mist blowing fan 407 are arranged in the humidification water tank 404, the float valve 405 is arranged at an outlet of the water inlet pipe 403, the ultrasonic atomization module 406 is arranged at the bottom of the humidification water tank 404 and consists of a drive plate and 7 atomization sheets which can be controlled independently, and the mist blowing fan 407 is arranged at the upper part of one side wall of the humidification water tank 404; the other side wall of the humidifying water tank 404 opposite to the mist blowing fan 407 is provided with a mist outlet, the mist outlet is communicated with an air supply cavity of the drying chamber 101 through a mist outlet pipeline 409, the water mist heater 408 is installed on the mist outlet pipeline 409, the heating power of the water mist heater 408 is adjustable, and the water mist can be heated to a set temperature; the electric dehumidifying valve 410 is installed at the upper portion of the drying chamber 101, and its outside is connected with a dehumidifying fan 411.
The humidifying and dehumidifying device further comprises a turbulent fan 412, and the turbulent fan 412 is arranged at the air supply cavity of the drying chamber 101. The turbulent fan 412 mixes the hot air in the air supply cavity with the humidifying water mist, and uniformly sends the mixture into the drying chamber 101.
The automatic control device comprises a controller 501, two temperature sensors 502, a temperature and humidity sensor 503 and a capacitance sensor 504;
the controller 501 has a display screen, and is disposed on the equipment room door 104 for setting parameters, receiving signals, and sending instructions. The two temperature sensors 502 are respectively arranged in the hot air cavity 1014 and the mist outlet pipeline 409, wherein the temperature sensor 502 in the hot air cavity 1014 detects the temperature of hot air entering the drying chamber 101, and the temperature sensor 502 in the mist outlet pipeline 409 detects the temperature of water mist entering the drying chamber 101. The temperature/humidity sensor 503 is provided in the drying chamber 101 and detects the temperature/humidity of the drying chamber 101. The capacitive sensor 504 is disposed in the traditional Chinese medicine material and used for detecting real-time moisture content of the traditional Chinese medicine material. The two temperature sensors 502, the temperature and humidity sensor 503, and the capacitance sensor 504 are electrically connected to the controller 501. The automatic control device is also used for controlling the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device and the humidifying and dehumidifying device to dry the browning traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
A browning traditional Chinese medicine drying method based on accurate temperature and humidity control comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: because the initial water content of the fresh browning traditional Chinese medicine is higher, the internal of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is quickly heated to the temperature of the drying chamber at this stage, so that the browning traditional Chinese medicine is quickly dehydrated, but the quality, particularly the appearance quality of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is required to be ensured;
(II) component conversion stage: at the stage, the internal water content and the water activity of the browning traditional Chinese medicine are moderate, the initial concentration of substances participating in conversion is high, so that the browning traditional Chinese medicine is subjected to chemical reaction under the stress condition of a temperature and humidity environment, the browning traditional Chinese medicine is further dehydrated, and the internal marked components are converted and accumulated along with the surface color browning;
(III) final drying stage: after the component conversion is finished, the browning traditional Chinese medicine materials are further dried to reach the water content specified by the pharmacopoeia.
A browning traditional Chinese medicine drying method based on accurate temperature and humidity control comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the drying temperature and the drying humidity of the browning traditional Chinese medicinal materials are controlled to be 40-50 ℃ and 40-50%; in the embodiment, the drying temperature is controlled at 45 ℃ and the drying humidity is controlled at 45%.
(II) component conversion stage: the component conversion temperature and humidity of the browning traditional Chinese medicine are controlled between 60 and 80 ℃, and between 60 and 80 percent respectively; in this example, the temperature of the component conversion is controlled to be 70 ℃ and the humidity of the component conversion is controlled to be 70%.
(III) final drying stage: the drying temperature of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is controlled between 50-60 ℃, and the drying humidity mode adopts a moisture removal mode. In this example, the drying temperature was controlled to 55 ℃.
The working method of the browning traditional Chinese medicine drying device (drying device for short) based on accurate temperature and humidity control in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
in the preparation period of drying the browning traditional Chinese medicines, spreading the traditional Chinese medicines to be dried in a material tray 1012, putting the material tray 1012 full of the browning traditional Chinese medicines into the drying chamber 101, and closing the drying chamber door 102; the power is turned on, the drying process parameters are set on the display screen of the controller 501, and after the parameter setting is completed, the drying device starts to work.
(II) browning traditional Chinese medicine predrying stage, for improving drying efficiency, for making the inside humiture of drying chamber 101 reach the settlement parameter rapidly after the start, air can heat pump device and auxiliary heating pipe 302 work with full load state simultaneously, carries out rapid heating to the air that gets into in drying chamber 101 for the rate of rising the temperature. When the internal temperature of the drying chamber 101 reaches a set parameter, the working state of the auxiliary heating pipe 302 changes, if the set temperature is less than or equal to 50 ℃, the air energy heat pump device can meet the heating requirement, and the auxiliary heating pipe 302 stops working; if the set temperature is higher than 50 ℃, when the air-source heat pump device cannot meet the heating requirement, the auxiliary heating pipe 302 starts to continue the auxiliary heating work, the heating power of the auxiliary heating pipe changes according to the change of the heating power of the air-source heat pump device, and the auxiliary heating pipe and the air-source heat pump device complete the heating work together, so that the temperature is stable. Starting the humidifying and dehumidifying device, operating the ultrasonic atomization module 406 to atomize water in the humidifying water tank 404, operating the mist blowing fan 407 to blow water mist into the mist outlet pipeline 409, wherein the water mist enters the drying chamber 101 after being heated to a preset temperature by the water mist heater 408 in the process of entering the mist outlet pipeline 409, and the number of working atomization pieces in the ultrasonic atomization module 406 can change along with the change of the difference value between the real-time humidity and the set humidity, so that the humidifying speed is adjusted; when the real-time humidity is lower than the set humidity value and is more than or equal to 15% RH, all the ultrasonic atomization pieces work simultaneously; when the real-time humidity is lower than the set humidity and the value is more than 5% RH and less than 15% RH, half of the ultrasonic atomization sheet works; when the real-time humidity is lower than the set humidity value and is less than 5% RH, 1 ultrasonic atomization sheet works, so that the humidity is increased to the preset humidity.
The probe of the capacitance sensor 504 is inserted into the browning traditional Chinese medicine, the collected electric signal is fed back to the controller 501 at intervals, the controller 501 converts the electric signal into a relative dielectric constant, and the water content of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is detected on line in real time by using a mathematical model; and entering a component conversion stage when the difference between the real-time water content and the set water content is +/-5% RH.
(III) in the browning traditional Chinese medicine component conversion stage, the inside of the drying chamber 101 is in a constant temperature and humidity state, and the air speed in the drying chamber 101 is reduced, so that the drying chamber is in a stable damp and hot environment. Reducing the rotating speed of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan 301, and adjusting the opening degrees of the air deflector 303 and the air deflector 304 so as to control the wind direction and the wind quantity, wherein the temperature control method is shown in the step (II); intermittent dehumidification is adopted in the dehumidification process, the electric dehumidification valve 410 and the dehumidification fan 411 are closed, the ultrasonic atomization module 406 works, water mist mixed hot air is naturally and slowly exhausted from an air outlet, the interior of the drying chamber 101 is kept in a constant-temperature and constant-humidity state, when the humidity in the drying chamber 101 is lower than a preset humidity, the working number of atomization sheets is increased, the humidification rate is increased, and when the humidity in the drying chamber 101 is higher than the preset humidity, the electric dehumidification valve 410 and the dehumidification fan 411 are opened, so that the dehumidification is forced, and the dehumidification rate is increased; the working number of the ultrasonic atomization pieces, the opening degree of the electric dehumidifying valve 410 and the rotating speed of the dehumidifying fan 411 are dynamically adjusted according to the difference value between the real-time humidity and the set humidity in the drying chamber 101, and the stability of the humidity in the drying chamber 101 is realized.
(IV) at the final drying stage of the browning traditional Chinese medicines, when the real-time temperature is higher than the set temperature, the power of the air-energy heat pump device is reduced, the opening degree of the electric air valve 305 is increased, the temperature inside the drying chamber 101 is reduced, and when the real-time temperature inside the drying chamber 101 is reduced to the set temperature, the air-energy heat pump device is opened, the opening degree of the electric air valve 305 is controlled to change, and the temperature is kept stable. When the real-time temperature is lower than the set temperature, the power of the air-source heat pump device is increased, the opening degree of the electric air valve 305 is reduced, the temperature in the drying chamber 101 is increased to the set temperature, when the opening degree of the electric air valve 305 is changed, the temperature is kept for 10s after being increased (or reduced) by 10 degrees every time, the temperature in the drying chamber 101 is kept stable, and in the process, the temperature and humidity sensor 503 transmits temperature information until the temperature in the drying chamber 101 reaches the preset temperature, so that the opening degree of the electric air valve 305 is determined. After normal drying begins, the dehumidifying work is carried out at the same time, the dehumidifying fan 411 is started, the electric dehumidifying valve 410 is opened, and continuous dehumidifying is carried out in the drying process. When the real-time humidity is higher than the set humidity, the rotation speed of the dehumidifying fan 411 is continuously increased to promote dehumidifying, when the real-time humidity is stabilized at the set humidity, the rotation speed of the dehumidifying fan 411 is maintained unchanged, and when the real-time humidity is lower than the set humidity, the rotation speed of the dehumidifying fan 411 is gradually reduced.
The capacitance sensor 504 detects the moisture content of the browning traditional Chinese medicine materials at intervals, when the real-time moisture content meets the drying requirement, the moisture content specified by the pharmacopoeia is reached, and the drying process is finished.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a brown stain traditional chinese medicine drying device based on accurate control of humiture, characterized by: comprises a box body, an air energy heat pump device, a hot air circulating device, a humidifying and dehumidifying device and an automatic control device; the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device, the humidifying and dehumidifying device and the automatic control device are arranged on the box body;
the cabinet includes a drying chamber (101), a drying chamber door (102), an equipment chamber (103), and an equipment chamber door (104);
the outer layers of the drying chamber (101) and the drying chamber door (102) are wrapped with heat insulation plates, air equalizing plates (1011) are arranged on the left side and the right side in the drying chamber (101), an air supply cavity is formed between the air equalizing plates (1011) on the left side and the inner wall of the drying chamber (101), an exhaust cavity is formed between the air equalizing plates (1011) on the right side and the inner wall of the drying chamber (101), and an air outlet of the drying chamber (101) is formed in the exhaust cavity; the air equalizing plate (1011) is densely distributed with vent holes and is provided with material tray brackets at intervals, and material trays (1012) are placed on the material tray brackets; a water collecting tray (1013) is placed at the lower part of the drying chamber (101); the bottom of the drying chamber (101) is provided with a hot air cavity (1014);
the air energy heat pump device provides heat energy for the hot air circulating device to heat air to form hot air, the hot air circulating device provides circulating hot air for the drying chamber (101) to dry brown Chinese medicinal materials, the humidification dehumidifying device provides moisture for the drying chamber (101) to adjust humidity, and the automatic control device is used for controlling the air energy heat pump device, the hot air circulating device and the humidification dehumidifying device to dry brown Chinese medicinal materials.
2. The traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control of claim 1 is characterized in that: the air energy heat pump device comprises an evaporator (201), a compressor (202), an expansion valve (203), a condenser (204) and an axial flow fan (205), wherein the evaporator (201), the compressor (202), the expansion valve (203) and the condenser (204) are connected through pipelines;
a ventilation opening (1031) is arranged on the rear wall of the equipment chamber (103), an air outlet is arranged on the side wall of the equipment chamber, and a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the equipment chamber (103);
the axial flow fan (205) is arranged at an air outlet on the side wall of the equipment room (103), the evaporator (201) is arranged at the upper part of the equipment room (103) and faces the axial flow fan (205), the compressor (202) is arranged on a partition plate in the middle of the equipment room (103), and the condenser (204) is arranged on a bottom plate of the equipment room (103).
3. The traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control of claim 1 is characterized in that: the hot air circulating device comprises a variable-frequency centrifugal fan (301), an auxiliary heating pipe (302), an air deflector (303), an air deflector (304), an electric air valve (305), an air exhaust pipeline (306) and a heat exchanger (307);
the variable-frequency centrifugal fan (301) is arranged on a bottom plate of the equipment room (103), an air inlet of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan (301) is connected with the condenser (204), and an air outlet of the variable-frequency centrifugal fan (301) is connected with an inlet of the hot air cavity (1014); the auxiliary heating pipe (302) is arranged in the hot air cavity (1014), and the air deflector (303) and the air deflector (304) are arranged at the air outlet of the hot air cavity (1014); the electric air valve (305) is arranged at the air outlet of the drying chamber (101), one end of the air exhaust pipeline (306) is communicated with the electric air valve (305), the other end of the air exhaust pipeline (306) is communicated with the heat exchanger (307), and the air outlet of the heat exchanger (307) is communicated with the air inlet of the condenser (204).
4. The traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control of claim 3, which is characterized in that: a mesh enclosure is arranged at an air inlet of the heat exchanger (307), and an air filter element (308) is arranged at an air inlet of the hot air cavity (1014).
5. The traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control of claim 1 is characterized in that: the humidifying and dehumidifying device comprises a water storage tank (401), a descaling filter (402), a water inlet pipe (403), a humidifying water tank (404), a ball float valve (405), an ultrasonic atomization module (406), a mist blowing fan (407), a water mist heater (408), a mist outlet pipeline (409), an electric dehumidifying valve (410) and a dehumidifying fan (411);
the water storage tank (401) is arranged on the back of the tank body, the humidifying water tank (404) is arranged outside the tank body, the water storage tank (401) is communicated with the humidifying water tank (404) through a water inlet pipe (403), and a descaling filter (402) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (403); the humidifying water tank (404) is internally provided with a ball float valve (405), an ultrasonic atomization module (406) and a mist blowing fan (407), the ball float valve (405) is arranged at an outlet of the water inlet pipe (403), the ultrasonic atomization module (406) is arranged at the bottom of the humidifying water tank (404) and consists of a drive plate and a plurality of independently controllable atomization sheets, and the mist blowing fan (407) is arranged at the upper part of one side wall of the humidifying water tank (404); the other side wall of the humidifying water tank (404) opposite to the mist blowing fan (407) is provided with a mist outlet which is communicated with an air supply cavity of the drying chamber (101) through a mist outlet pipeline (409), and the water mist heater (408) is arranged on the mist outlet pipeline (409); the electric dehumidifying valve (410) is arranged at the upper part of the drying chamber (101), and the outer side of the electric dehumidifying valve is connected with a dehumidifying fan (411).
6. The traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control of claim 5, which is characterized in that: the humidifying and dehumidifying device further comprises a turbulent fan (412), and the turbulent fan (412) is arranged at the air supply cavity of the drying chamber (101).
7. The traditional Chinese medicine drying device for browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the automatic control device comprises a controller (501), two temperature sensors (502), a temperature and humidity sensor (503) and a capacitance sensor (504);
the two temperature sensors (502) are respectively arranged in the hot air cavity (1014) and the mist outlet pipeline (409), the temperature and humidity sensor (503) is arranged in the drying chamber (101), and the capacitance sensor (504) is arranged in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials; the two temperature sensors (502), the temperature and humidity sensor (503) and the capacitance sensor (504) are electrically connected with the controller (501).
8. A browning traditional Chinese medicine drying method based on accurate temperature and humidity control is characterized by comprising the following steps: the drying method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (I) a pre-drying stage: the internal of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is quickly heated, so that the browning traditional Chinese medicine is quickly dehydrated, and the quality, particularly the appearance quality of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is ensured to be unchanged;
(II) component conversion stage: chemical reaction is carried out on the browning traditional Chinese medicine under the stress condition of the temperature and humidity environment, so that the browning traditional Chinese medicine is further dehydrated, and the internal marked components are converted and accumulated along with the surface color browning;
(III) final drying stage: after the component conversion is finished, the browning traditional Chinese medicine materials are further dried to reach the water content specified by the pharmacopoeia.
9. The method for drying traditional Chinese medicinal materials with browning based on accurate temperature and humidity control as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (I) a pre-drying stage: the drying temperature and the drying humidity of the browning traditional Chinese medicine are controlled to be 40-50 ℃ and 40-50 percent respectively;
(II) component conversion stage: the component conversion temperature and humidity of the browning traditional Chinese medicine are controlled between 60 and 80 ℃, and between 60 and 80 percent respectively;
(III) final drying stage: the drying temperature of the browning traditional Chinese medicine is controlled between 50-60 ℃, and the drying humidity mode adopts a moisture removal mode.
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