CN114673528A - Tunnel top cavity supporting method - Google Patents
Tunnel top cavity supporting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114673528A CN114673528A CN202210313949.1A CN202210313949A CN114673528A CN 114673528 A CN114673528 A CN 114673528A CN 202210313949 A CN202210313949 A CN 202210313949A CN 114673528 A CN114673528 A CN 114673528A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
- E21D11/183—Supporting means for arch members, not provided for in E21D11/22
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/28—Longitudinal struts, i.e. longitudinal connections between adjoining arches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel top cavity supporting method and a tunnel top cavity supporting structure, relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, and aims to support unstable cavities at the top of a tunnel after the tunnel is broken and safely and quickly pass through weak broken rock surrounding tunnel sections. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: in the method for supporting the top cavity of the tunnel, during blasting excavation of a weak broken rock surrounding tunnel section, an unstable cavity appears at the top of the tunnel close to a tunnel face, and a steel arch piece, an arch piece bracket, an arch foot and an arch foot fixing piece are manufactured for standby; then removing bottom dross of the tunnel, respectively erecting arch springs on two side walls of the tunnel, respectively and fixedly installing arch sheet brackets on the arch springs, and installing steel arch sheets; then slag is discharged and the installation operation of the steel arch sheet of the rest tunnel section is carried out until the tunnel face is reached; hanging steel bars on the inner sides of the arch legs and spraying concrete to form a structural layer; finally, the unstable cavity is backfilled through the backfilling hole. The method is used for processing the unstable cavity at the top of the tunnel close to the tunnel face of the weak broken surrounding rock tunnel section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a method and a structure for supporting a top cavity occurring in the tunnel excavation process.
Background
In the tunnel excavation process, under the soft broken surrounding rock tunnel section, especially the carbonaceous slate geological condition that groundwater develops, face great collapse risk, the condition that the loose rock-soil body that the higher moisture content in tunnel top after the blasting easily appears drops from time to time, if not handle in time, probably cause bigger loss.
At present, the treatment measures for the working condition include the following methods: firstly, treat that the loose rock mass in tunnel top is stable basically, after great ground block body drops no longer appears, carry out the construction of slagging tap, later support and backfill the grout processing to the cavity part again. Second, if unable stable in the loose ground body short time in tunnel top, great ground block drops the phenomenon and takes place occasionally, according to on-the-spot actual conditions usually have two kinds of processing schemes, the scheme is (r): the block falling phenomenon is serious, the cavity at the top is large, the loose rock-soil body to be fallen completely covers the tunnel face, the loose slag body is subjected to grouting consolidation, the cavity is backfilled, and the core soil is reserved in an excavation mode to dig out slag after the designed consolidation strength is achieved; scheme II: if the hole slag and the fallen blocks are not enough to completely cover the tunnel face, covering the tunnel face by adopting a slag backfilling mode, and then grouting and solidifying the loose slag body, wherein the subsequent treatment mode is the same as the scheme I.
The first treatment method has the following disadvantages: firstly, waiting for a long time may be needed, and collapse risk may be aggravated by support in time; secondly, under the condition of not taking any protective measures, the cavity at the top of the tunnel is supported and still has larger safety risk; and thirdly, backfilling and grouting the cavity, which has complex working procedures and strict technological requirements, and needs a certain time for slurry solidification, thereby causing adverse effects on the construction progress. The second treatment method has the following disadvantages: on one hand, covering the tunnel face by backfilling slag requires a certain time, and slag is discharged and transported out subsequently, so that the construction progress is greatly influenced; on the other hand, the adverse effect of backfill grouting for the cavity is the third disadvantage of the first treatment method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly provides a method for supporting a cavity at the top of a tunnel, and aims to support an unstable cavity at the top of the tunnel after the tunnel is blasted, so that a surrounding rock tunnel section can be safely and quickly broken through weakness.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for supporting a cavity at the top of a tunnel is characterized in that during blasting excavation of a weak broken surrounding rock tunnel section, an unstable cavity appears at the top of the tunnel close to a tunnel face, and a supporting treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a steel arch sheet, an arch sheet bracket, an arch springand arch springfixing pieces for later use, wherein the steel arch sheet is a strip-shaped steel plate bent into an arch, and one side of the arch sheet bracket is provided with continuous arch sheet clamping grooves.
The arch piece bracket is a U-shaped channel steel, the front end of the channel steel is sharp, a U-shaped arch piece clamping groove is formed in one side of the channel steel, and the width of the arch piece clamping groove is larger than the thickness of a steel arch piece; the arch springing is the shaped steel, and arch springing mounting is the lock foot stock. For example, the thickness of the steel arch sheet is 1-2 cm, and the width is 20-50 cm; the width of an arch piece clamping groove of the arch piece support is 1.5-2.0 times of the thickness of the steel arch piece, and the depth of the arch piece clamping groove is 3-5 cm; the arch springing is I16I-shaped steel.
S2, removing bottom foot scum of the tunnel, respectively erecting arch springs on two side walls of the tunnel, and fixing the arch springs on the side walls through arch springing fixing pieces. For example, the arch springing is the shaped steel, and every shaped steel interval is arranged and is fixed in the lateral wall of tunnel through at least two lock foot stock, and the vertical degree deviation of every shaped steel all is less than 2.
In order to improve the stability between the arch springing, at least one transverse reinforcing rib is fixedly arranged between the arch springing of any side wall of the tunnel. The transverse reinforcing rib is preferably parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the transverse reinforcing rib is preferably welded with the arch springing, and one end of the transverse reinforcing rib, which is far away from the tunnel face, is preferably fixedly connected with the arch springing part of the existing steel support.
And S3, arch sheet supports are fixedly installed on arch feet of two side walls of the tunnel respectively, arch sheet clamping grooves of the arch sheet supports are upward, the two arch sheet supports are parallel to the axis of the tunnel, and the front ends of the arch sheet supports are inserted into the tunnel face. For example, the arch sheet support and the arch foot are welded or bolted, and the front end of the arch sheet support is inserted into the palm surface for 1-2 m.
S4, removing slag on the tunnel excavation contour surface, which influences the installation of the steel arch pieces, from one end far away from the tunnel face, installing the steel arch pieces to the top of the tunnel one by one, attaching the outer sides of the steel arch pieces to the tunnel excavation contour surface, respectively placing two ends of each steel arch piece in arch piece clamping grooves of arch piece supports, and leaving no gap between adjacent steel arch pieces; and reserving at least one backfill hole corresponding to at least one steel arch sheet at the position of the unstable cavity at the top of the tunnel.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: at least one transverse connecting rib is fixedly arranged between the steel arch pieces on the same side wall of the tunnel and is positioned on the inner side of the steel arch piece. For example, the transverse connecting rib is welded and fixed on the steel arch sheet, and the length direction of the transverse connecting rib is parallel to the axis of the tunnel.
And S5, carrying out slag tapping operation on the tunnel section in the steel arch piece mounting range, and continuing carrying out steel arch piece mounting operation on the rest tunnel section after slag tapping is finished until the tunnel face is reached.
And S6, hanging a reinforcing mesh on the inner side of the arch springing and spraying concrete to form a structural layer. If the gaps between adjacent arch legs are large, dry masonry can be piled up at the gaps between the arch legs for filling, then a reinforcing mesh is hung, concrete is sprayed, and the thickness of the sprayed concrete is 8-10 cm.
And S7, backfilling the unstable cavity through the backfilling hole. For example, dry sand is backfilled into the unstable cavity, and the backfill thickness is determined through design calculations.
The invention also provides a tunnel top cavity supporting structure, which aims to support unstable cavities at the top of the tunnel after the tunnel is blasted, and safely and quickly surround a rock tunnel section through weak crushing. The top cavity supporting structure of the tunnel comprises arch springs, arch springing fixing pieces, arch sheet supports and steel arch sheets, wherein the arch springing fixing pieces are used for erecting two side walls of the tunnel, the arch springing fixing pieces are used for fixing the arch springing to the side walls of the tunnel, the arch sheet supports are fixedly installed on the arch springing, the steel arch sheets are erected between the two arch sheet supports, the two arch sheet supports are both parallel to the axis of the tunnel, the arch sheet supports are provided with continuous arch sheet clamping grooves, the opening of each arch sheet clamping groove faces upwards, the steel arch sheets are strip-shaped steel plates bent into an arch, at least two steel arch sheets are provided with at least one backfill hole, two ends of each steel arch sheet are respectively arranged in the arch sheet clamping grooves of the arch sheet supports, and the steel arch sheets are closely spliced; the inner side of the arch springing is a structural layer formed by hanging a reinforcing mesh and spraying concrete.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the arch springing is section steel, and the arch springing fixing piece is a locking anchor rod; the arch piece support is a U-shaped channel steel, the front end of the channel steel is sharp, a U-shaped arch piece clamping groove is formed in one side of the channel steel, and the width of the arch piece clamping groove is larger than the thickness of the steel arch piece.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the steel arch sheet is 1-2 cm, and the width of the steel arch sheet is 20-50 cm; the width of an arch piece clamping groove of the arch piece support is 1.5-2.0 times of the thickness of the steel arch piece, and the depth of the arch piece clamping groove is 3-5 cm; the arch springing is I16I-steel.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: every shaped steel interval arrangement and fixed through at least two lock foot stock, the vertical degree deviation of every shaped steel is less than 2.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: at least one transverse reinforcing rib is fixedly arranged between the arch springing of the tunnel and the side wall. The transverse reinforcing ribs are preferably parallel to the axis of the tunnel, and the transverse reinforcing ribs and the arch springing are preferably connected in a welding mode.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the gap between the arch springing is piled with dry stones, and the inner sides of the arch springing and the dry stones are structural layers formed by hanging reinforcing mesh and spraying concrete.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the arch sheet bracket is connected with the arch foot through welding or bolts.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: at least one transverse connecting rib is fixedly arranged between the steel arch pieces and is positioned on the inner side of the steel arch pieces. In order to facilitate construction, the transverse connecting ribs are welded and fixed on the steel arch sheet, and the length direction of the transverse connecting ribs is parallel to the axis of the tunnel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is suitable for weak broken surrounding rock tunnel sections, for example, under the geological condition of carbonaceous slates in underground water development, the working condition that unstable cavities appear at the top after tunnel blasting can be used for quickly carrying out construction operation, the steel arch sheet is arranged at the lower part of the unstable cavities to protect the working surface, the safety risk of construction is reduced, the construction progress is accelerated, and the supporting method and the supporting structure are simple in operation, safe, quick and low in manufacturing cost. And a backfill hole is reserved in the steel arch sheet, and the unstable cavity is backfilled through the backfill hole in the steel arch sheet, so that the stress structure outside the steel arch sheet is improved. The dry sand is backfilled into the unstable cavity, the construction difficulty is reduced, the operation is simple, the construction is rapid, the slurry consolidation time is saved for the underground water development tunnel section, the treatment effect is improved, the follow-up excavation operation can be rapidly carried out after backfilling, and the adverse effect on the construction progress is reduced to the maximum extent.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a tunnel top cavity treated in accordance with the present invention.
Reference numerals: the steel arch piece comprises a steel arch piece 1, an arch piece support 2, arch feet 3, a backfill hole 4, a transverse reinforcing rib 5, a steel support 6, a transverse connecting rib 7 and dry masonry 8.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for supporting the top cavity of the tunnel is used for the working condition that an unstable cavity appears at the top of the tunnel close to a tunnel face during blasting excavation of a weak broken surrounding rock tunnel section, and the supporting treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing the steel arch sheet 1, the arch sheet bracket 2, the arch springing 3 and the arch springing fixing piece for standby. The steel arch sheet 1 is a strip-shaped steel plate bent into an arch, the steel arch sheet 1 can be made of other metals or alloy materials, and the steel arch sheet 1 is used for being installed at the top of the tunnel and supporting the top of the tunnel, so that the arch of the steel arch sheet 1 is preferably consistent with the excavation contour line of the tunnel. For example, the steel arch sheet 1 is made of a common steel plate with a thickness of 1-2 cm, and the width of the steel arch sheet 1 can be 20-50 cm according to actual conditions.
The arch piece support 2 is used for supporting and fixing the steel arch piece 1, one side of the arch piece support 2 is provided with continuous arch piece clamping grooves, and two ends of the steel arch piece 1 are arranged in the arch piece clamping grooves. The arch sheet clamping groove can be in a right-angle open structure or a U-shaped groove structure. For example, the arch piece support 2 is the channel-section steel that the cross-section is the U-shaped, and one side of channel-section steel forms the arch piece draw-in groove that is the U-shaped naturally, and the width of arch piece draw-in groove is greater than the thickness of steel arch piece 1 to in the arch piece draw-in groove is inserted to the one end of steel arch piece 1, for example the width of arch piece draw-in groove is 1.5 ~ 2.0 times of steel arch piece 1 thickness, and the degree of depth of arch piece draw-in groove is 3 ~ 5cm, just obvious gap can not appear in guaranteeing that steel arch piece 1 easily puts into the arch piece draw-in groove. The front end of the arch piece support 2 is preferably sharp to facilitate driving into the face of a tunnel.
The arch springing 3 is used for being fixed on the side wall of the tunnel, so that the arch sheet bracket 2 is stably arranged on the arch springing 3. The arch springing 3 is, for example, a section steel, and is further, for example, an I16I-section steel. The arch springing fixing pieces are used for fixing the arch springing 3 on rock-soil bodies on the side wall of the tunnel, and the number of the arch springing fixing pieces is preferably that the arch springing 3 can bear the load of an upper structure. The arch foot fixing piece is preferably a locking foot anchor rod so as to facilitate the site construction.
S2, removing bottom foot scum of the tunnel, erecting arch springs 3 on two side walls of the tunnel respectively, and fixing the arch springs 3 on the side walls through arch springing fixing pieces. The arch springing 3 is erected from the tunnel section which is initially supported and is close to the tunnel section with the top cavity, the inner side of the arch springing 3 is preferably aligned with the tunnel excavation contour line and is vertically installed, for example, the arch springing 3 is formed steel, each formed steel is arranged at intervals and is fixed on the side wall of the tunnel through at least two locking anchor rods, and the vertical deviation of each formed steel is less than 2 degrees. After the arch springing 3 is positioned, the locking anchor rod is arranged for fixing through balanced striking. In order to improve the stability between the arch springing 3, at least one transverse reinforcing rib 5 is fixedly arranged between the arch springing 3 of any side wall of the tunnel. The transverse ribs 5 are preferably evenly distributed and parallel to the tunnel axis, and the end of the transverse ribs 5 remote from the tunnel face is preferably fixedly connected, for example welded, to the arch springing portion of the existing steel support 6 to improve the integrity and stability of the arch springing 3.
S3, arch sheet supports 2 are fixedly installed on arch feet 3 of two side walls of the tunnel respectively, arch sheet clamping grooves of the arch sheet supports 2 are upward, the two arch sheet supports 2 are parallel to the axis of the tunnel, and the front ends of the arch sheet supports 2 are inserted into a tunnel face.
The front end of the arch piece support 2 is inserted into the palm surface by a depth of more than 1m, for example, 1-2 m. The rear end of the arch piece bracket 2 is lapped with the existing steel support 6, for example, the corresponding part of the steel support 6 in the influence range of the top cavity of the tunnel is drilled, so that the rear end of the arch piece bracket 2 is fixed on the steel support 6. The mounting height of the arch sheet bracket 2 is preferably located at the arch camber position of the tunnel, and the arch sheet bracket 2 can be fixedly mounted at the top of the arch springing 3 or mounted at the outer side of the arch springing 3. The fixed connection between the arch piece support 2 and the arch springing 3 can be welded or bolted, and the welded connection is preferred in view of the fact that the bolted connection is not positioned accurately.
And S4, mounting the steel arch sheet 1. From the one end of keeping away from the face, clear away the slag body that tunnel excavation profile face influences the installation of steel arch piece 1, install steel arch piece 1 one by one to the tunnel top again, the laminating of the outside and the tunnel excavation profile face of steel arch piece 1, the arch piece draw-in groove of arch piece support 2 is arranged respectively in at the both ends of steel arch piece 1, does not leave the space between the adjacent steel arch piece 1.
The steel arch sheets 1 are transported into the tunnel in advance, at least one backfill hole 4 is reserved corresponding to at least one steel arch sheet 1 at the position of the unstable cavity at the top of the tunnel, and the backfill hole 4 is preferably opened in the step S1. The steel arch pieces 1 are installed at intervals of 0.5-1.0 m, a supporting piece can be additionally arranged below the arch piece support 2 for supporting, and the supporting piece is fixed on a rock-soil body and is welded and fixed with the arch piece support 2. The added supporting member may be the arch springing 3, that is, the arch springing 3 may be completed in step S2, or the construction of the arch springing 3 may be performed in both steps S2 and S4.
In order to improve the integrity between the steel arch pieces 1, at least one transverse connecting rib 7 is fixedly arranged between the steel arch pieces 1, and the transverse connecting rib 7 is positioned on the inner side of the steel arch pieces 1. For example, the transverse connecting rib 7 is welded and fixed on the steel arch sheet 1, and the length direction of the transverse connecting rib 7 is parallel to the tunnel axis.
And S5, carrying out slag tapping operation on the tunnel section in the installation range of the steel arch sheet 1, and continuing to carry out the installation operation of the steel arch sheets 1 of the rest tunnel section after the slag tapping is finished until the tunnel face.
S6, hanging a reinforcing mesh on the inner side of the arch springing 3 and spraying concrete to form a structural layer. If the gaps between the adjacent arch legs 3 are large, dry masonry 8 can be piled up and filled in the gaps between the arch legs 3, then a reinforcing mesh is hung, concrete is sprayed, and the thickness of the sprayed concrete is 8-10 cm.
And S7, backfilling the unstable cavity through the backfilling hole 4. The purpose of backfilling is to improve the structure of the outer side of the steel arch sheet 1, so that the part of the unstable cavity close to the steel arch sheet 1 becomes as dense as possible. The inner side of the steel arch sheet 1 can be sprayed with concrete or subjected to other anticorrosion treatment. The anticorrosive treatment of the steel arch piece 1 may be performed at step S7 or at step S1.
The invention also provides a tunnel top cavity supporting structure which is obtained according to the supporting method. Referring to fig. 1, a tunnel top cavity supporting structure comprises arch feet 3 arranged on two side walls of a tunnel, arch foot fixing pieces used for fixing the arch feet 3 on the side walls of the tunnel, arch sheet supports 2 fixedly installed on the arch feet 3, and steel arch sheets 1 arranged between the two arch sheet supports 2, wherein the two arch sheet supports 2 are parallel to the axis of the tunnel and are preferably positioned at the arched part of the tunnel, the arch sheet supports 2 are provided with continuous arch sheet clamping grooves, the opening of each arch sheet clamping groove faces upwards or faces towards the inner side of the tunnel, each steel arch sheet 1 is a strip-shaped steel plate bent into an arch, at least two steel arch sheets 1 are arranged, at least one steel arch sheet 1 is reserved with at least one backfill hole 4, two ends of each steel arch sheet 1 are respectively arranged in the arch sheet clamping grooves of the arch sheet supports 2, and no gap and close joint is reserved between the steel arch sheets 1. The inner side of the arch springing 3 is a structural layer formed by hanging a reinforcing mesh and spraying concrete.
The arch springing 3 can be steel section or channel steel, or other metal parts, and the arch springing fixing piece is preferably a locking anchor. In order to ensure the stability of each arch springing 3, the arch springing 3 is arranged at intervals, each arch springing 3 is fixed by at least two locking pin anchor rods, and the vertical deviation of each section steel is less than 2 degrees. The arch piece bracket 2 is a U-shaped channel steel, the front end of the channel steel is sharp, a U-shaped arch piece clamping groove is formed in one side of the channel steel, and the width of the arch piece clamping groove is larger than the thickness of the steel arch piece 1. The arch sheet bracket 2 is connected with the arch springing 3 by welding or bolts, and the welding connection can be selected for use, so that the construction is convenient. At least one transverse reinforcing rib 5 is fixedly arranged between the arch springing 3 of the tunnel and the side wall. The transverse reinforcing ribs 5 can be parallel to the tunnel axis and also can be not parallel to the tunnel axis. The transverse reinforcing ribs 5 and the arch springing 3 are preferably welded for construction.
The inner side of the arch springing 3 is a structural layer formed by hanging a reinforcing mesh and spraying concrete. In order to reduce the concrete spraying amount, dry masonry 8 is piled in the gap between the arch springing 3, and the inner sides of the arch springing 3 and the dry masonry 8 are provided with reinforcing meshes in a hanging manner and are sprayed with concrete to form a structural layer.
At least one transverse connecting rib 7 is fixedly arranged between the steel arch pieces 1, and the transverse connecting rib 7 is positioned on the inner side of the steel arch pieces 1. For the convenience of construction, the transverse connecting ribs 7 are welded and fixed on the steel arch sheet 1, and the length direction of the transverse connecting ribs 7 is preferably parallel to the axis of the tunnel.
Claims (10)
1. A method for supporting a cavity at the top of a tunnel comprises the following steps that during blasting excavation of a weak broken surrounding rock tunnel section, an unstable cavity is formed at the top of the tunnel close to a tunnel face, and the method is characterized in that: the support treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a steel arch sheet (1), an arch sheet bracket (2), an arch foot (3) and arch foot fixing pieces for later use, wherein the steel arch sheet (1) is a strip-shaped steel plate bent into an arch, and one side of the arch sheet bracket (2) is provided with continuous arch sheet clamping grooves;
s2, removing bottom foot scum of the tunnel, respectively erecting arch springs (3) on two side walls of the tunnel, and fixing the arch springs (3) on the side walls through arch springing fixing pieces;
s3, arch sheet supports (2) are fixedly installed on arch feet (3) of two side walls of the tunnel respectively, arch sheet clamping grooves of the arch sheet supports (2) face upwards, the two arch sheet supports (2) are parallel to the axis of the tunnel, and the front ends of the arch sheet supports (2) are inserted into a tunnel face;
s4, removing slag on the tunnel excavation contour surface, which influences the installation of the steel arch pieces (1), from one end far away from the tunnel face, installing the steel arch pieces (1) to the top of the tunnel one by one, attaching the outer sides of the steel arch pieces (1) to the tunnel excavation contour surface, respectively placing two ends of each steel arch piece (1) in arch piece clamping grooves of the arch piece supports (2), and leaving no gap between adjacent steel arch pieces (1); at least one backfill hole (4) is reserved corresponding to at least one steel arch piece (1) at the position where the unstable cavity exists at the top of the tunnel;
s5, carrying out slag tapping operation on the tunnel section in the installation range of the steel arch sheet (1), and continuing to carry out the installation operation of the steel arch sheets (1) of the rest tunnel section until the tunnel face is reached after the slag tapping is finished;
s6, hanging a reinforcing mesh on the inner side of the arch springing (3) and spraying concrete to form a structural layer;
and S7, backfilling the unstable cavity through the backfilling hole (4).
2. The method for supporting a tunnel roof cavity of claim 1, wherein: in S1, the arch piece bracket (2) is a U-shaped channel steel, the front end of the channel steel is sharp, a U-shaped arch piece clamping groove is formed in one side of the channel steel, and the width of the arch piece clamping groove is larger than the thickness of the steel arch piece (1); the arch springing (3) is section steel, and the arch springing fixing piece is a locking anchor rod.
3. The method of supporting a tunnel roof cavity of claim 2, wherein: s1, the thickness of the steel arch sheet (1) is 1-2 cm, and the width is 20-50 cm; the width of an arch piece clamping groove of the arch piece bracket (2) is 1.5-2.0 times of the thickness of the steel arch piece (1), and the depth of the arch piece clamping groove is 3-5 cm; the arch springing (3) is I16I-steel.
4. The method of supporting a tunnel roof cavity of claim 1, wherein: in S2, the arch springing (3) is steel sections, each steel section is arranged at intervals and fixed on the side wall of the tunnel through at least two foot-locking anchor rods, and the vertical deviation of each steel section is smaller than 2 degrees.
5. The method of supporting a tunnel roof cavity of claim 1, wherein: and S2, at least one transverse reinforcing rib (5) is fixedly arranged between the arch feet (3) of any side wall of the tunnel, and one end of the transverse reinforcing rib (5) far away from the tunnel face is fixedly connected with the arch foot part of the existing steel support (6).
6. The method of supporting a tunnel roof cavity of claim 1, wherein: in S3, the arch sheet support (2) is connected with the arch foot (3) through welding or bolts, and the front end of the arch sheet support (2) is inserted into the palm surface for 1-2 m.
7. A tunnel roof cavity support method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: in S4, at least one transverse connecting rib (7) is fixedly arranged between the steel arch pieces (1), and the transverse connecting rib (7) is positioned on the inner side of the steel arch pieces (1).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: in S4, the transverse connecting ribs (7) are welded and fixed on the steel arch sheet (1), and the length direction of the transverse connecting ribs (7) is parallel to the axis of the tunnel.
9. A tunnel roof cavity support method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: in S6, dry masonry stones (8) are stacked in gaps between adjacent arch legs (3) for filling, then reinforcing mesh is hung, concrete is sprayed, and the thickness of the sprayed concrete is 8-10 cm.
10. A tunnel roof cavity support method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: in S7, the unstable cavity is backfilled with dry sand through the backfilling hole (4).
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| CN202210313949.1A CN114673528B (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Tunnel top cavity supporting method |
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| CN202210313949.1A CN114673528B (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Tunnel top cavity supporting method |
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| CN114673528A true CN114673528A (en) | 2022-06-28 |
| CN114673528B CN114673528B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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