CN114673491A - Method for judging and automatically processing resistance and card encountering of swabbing system - Google Patents
Method for judging and automatically processing resistance and card encountering of swabbing system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 281
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009429 distress Effects 0.000 description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging and automatically processing resistance and jamming of a pumping system, which comprises the following steps: acquiring tension information of a pumping instrument detected in pumping operation in real time, judging the detected tension information of the pumping instrument and theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument in real time, judging that the pumping instrument meets a card if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is greater than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, and sending the card meeting information of the pumping instrument to a pumping person; if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is smaller than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument is in danger, and sending the danger information of the pumping instrument to pumping personnel; after receiving the jamming or blockage information of the pumping instrument, the pumping personnel executes the operation of releasing the jamming or blockage of the pumping instrument. The method can find abnormality in time, respond in time and automatically process, solves the problems of reaction delay and fatigue work of manual operation, and reduces potential safety hazards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground operation of oil and gas fields, and relates to a method for judging and automatically processing resistance and blockage of a swabbing system.
Background
The pumping drainage or pumping induced-blowout is a common basic process technology for oil and gas wells, and is widely applied to various large oil and gas fields; during pumping, the wireline pulls the swab, weight bar, etc. (hereinafter referred to as the tool) up and down the well. Due to the complex conditions in the well, the situation of obstruction is often encountered during the lifting and lowering processes.
When the instrument is blocked in the pulling-up process, if the instrument is pulled up continuously, the steel cable is stretched, and when the pulling-up force exceeds a limit pulling force value, the steel cable is pulled apart, so that an accident is caused. When the instrument is lowered, the instrument is hindered (hereinafter referred to as twisting), and if the instrument is lowered continuously, the steel cable is twisted or twisted, and even the steel cable is stacked and jammed around the well wall, so that accidents are caused.
The situation often appears in the field, the existing processing method is that whether the situation of pulling force and depth is met or not is judged through experience by workers according to the situation of pulling force and depth, then manual processing is carried out through experience, the swabbing operation time is long, meanwhile, fatigue operation or other negligence of the workers can also happen, accidents are caused due to the fact that the situation of twisting or the situation of clamping is not found in time, potential safety hazards exist, and safety accidents are caused.
Therefore, the depth, the tension and the like of the card are required to be monitored at any time when the card is twisted and stuck, and the card can respond in time when abnormality is found, so that potential safety hazards are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for judging whether a swabbing system meets a resistance or a card and automatically processing the resistance or the card, which can timely and accurately judge and automatically process, solves the problems of delayed response and fatigue work of manual operation, and reduces potential safety hazards.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for judging and automatically processing the blocking and jamming of a pumping system comprises the following steps:
s1) acquiring the tension information of the pumping instrument detected in the pumping operation in real time, judging the detected tension information of the pumping instrument and the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument in real time, if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is larger than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument meets a card, and sending the card meeting information of the pumping instrument to a pumping person; if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is smaller than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument is in danger, and sending the danger information of the pumping instrument to pumping personnel;
S2) after receiving the information of the swab encountering the card or the blockage, the swabbing personnel executes the operation S3 of releasing the swab encountering the card or the operation S4 of the blockage;
s3) if the jamming occurs in the pumping instrument, stopping lifting the pumping instrument, after stopping lifting for a period of time, continuing to lift the pumping instrument if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged to be normal, lowering the pumping instrument if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged not to be normal, immersing the pumping instrument in liquid again, lowering the pumping instrument below the submergence depth, then slowly lifting again, and repeating the operation if the jamming is not still removed in the pumping instrument; if the card is not released after the operations are repeated for a plurality of times, the card is manually processed; if the pumping instrument is free from the card, the pumping instrument is continuously lifted;
s4) if the pumping instrument is blocked during pumping, the pumping instrument is lowered after the lowering speed of the pumping instrument is reduced by the least square method; if the pumping instrument is still blocked, the descending speed of the pumping instrument is decelerated again until the speed is 0%;
if the lowering speed of the pumping instrument is 0, judging the tension value of the pumping instrument again, and if the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, lowering again; if the pumping instrument is still in resistance, the pumping instrument is lifted up; after the pumping instrument is lifted to a certain depth, if the pumping instrument is still blocked, the pumping instrument is continuously lifted until the wellhead stops to alarm for manual treatment;
If the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, the pumping instrument is lowered again, if the pumping instrument is blocked again in the lowering process, the number of times of removal is increased by 1, and then the operation is repeated; after repeated times, if the blockage is not released, the artificial treatment is carried out; if the blocking is removed within a plurality of times, clearing the blocking times and continuing to transfer.
And judging the detected tension information of the pumping instrument and the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument in real time, if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is less than half of the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument is in a blockage state, and sending the blockage state information of the pumping instrument to a pumping person.
Step S4) specifically includes:
s401) in the process of lowering the pumping instrument, judging whether the pumping instrument is in blockage or not all the time, when judging that the pumping instrument is in blockage, reducing the lowering speed of the pumping instrument by a least square method, and lowering the pumping instrument after reducing the speed;
s402), judging the lowering process of the pumping instrument again after the step S401 is executed, and if the pumping instrument is still blocked during lowering, decelerating the lowering speed of the pumping instrument again by using a least square method until the speed is 0-1 m/S;
S403) waiting for 1-2 min when the speed is 0-1 m/S, judging the pumping work of the pumping instrument again, if the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, lowering the pumping instrument again, and if the lowering process of the pumping instrument is still blocked, lifting the pumping instrument;
s404) if the pumping apparatus is lifted to a certain depth, wherein the lifted depth is-300 m of the failure depth;
s405) if the pumping instrument is still blocked after being lifted, the pumping instrument is lifted continuously until the well is stopped to alarm to wait for manual treatment;
s406) if the tension value of the swabbing instrument during working is normal, the swabbing instrument is lowered again, if the swabbing instrument is blocked again in the lowering process, the number of times of removal is increased by 1, and then the operations are repeated;
s407) repeating for 2 times, and handing over to manual treatment if the encounter resistance is not removed;
s408) if the blocking is removed within 3 times, clearing the blocking times and continuing to transfer.
When the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument meets the resistance, the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument increases along with the depth, which is determined by gravity, air resistance, inertia and the like, and the expression F is adoptedG+FA-FM-FK＝FxCalculating to obtain;
in the formula:
FG: gravity of lowering steel cable
FA: instrument (add)Heavy bar and swab, etc.) by gravity
FM: friction between swab and well wall
Fx: value of real time tension
FK: air resistance
Wherein, FGDependent on the depth of lowering, FARelated to the quality of the apparatus, FMThe roughness of the contact surface of the swab and the well wall is related.
Step S3) specifically includes:
s301) if the pumping instrument is jammed, stopping lifting the pumping instrument for at least 1min, judging the tension condition of the pumping instrument after stopping lifting for at least 1min, and if the tension of the pumping instrument returns to normal, continuing lifting the pumping instrument;
s302) if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged not to be recovered to be normal, the pumping instrument is put down, the pumping instrument is immersed into the liquid again at the speed of 0.5-1.0 m/S, the pumping instrument is put down to the depth of sinking, wherein the depth of sinking is increased by 20-30 m, and then the pumping instrument is slowly lifted up again;
s303) if the sucking instrument is not released from the card, repeating the operation;
s304) if the card is not released after repeating the operation for 3 times, handing over to manual processing;
s305) if the operation is repeated for 3 times and the sucking instrument is not blocked, the lifting operation of the sucking instrument is continuously executed.
Step S3) further includes the steps of:
s306) if the swabbing instrument is not blocked, modifying the current sinking depth: the current sinking depth is-50 m.
When the tension information of the pumping instrument theory meets the card, the formula F is adoptedz＝Fy-Ff+Fm+FG+FlmObtaining the result; wherein, Fz: tension, Fy: air resistance
Ff: buoyancy in air
Fm: friction force between swab and well wall
FG: gravity force
Flm: friction of the fluid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method for judging and automatically processing the encountering resistance and the encountering blockage of the swabbing system provided by the invention visually analyzes the motion and stress conditions of instruments in a well, can compare a calculated value with actual stress aiming at the stress analysis, judges the encountering resistance and the encountering blockage, automatically processes the encountering resistance and the encountering blockage, does not need to monitor depth, tension and the like at any time manually, automatically responds when abnormity is found, can automatically control to early find, timely and accurately judge and automatically process, solves the problems of delayed response and fatigue work of manual operation, and reduces potential safety hazards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for determining and automatically processing encounter and block of the pumping system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the determination of encountering resistance and card in the pumping system and the automated processing method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an automated processing method for detecting a fault in the swabbing system and an automated processing method for detecting a fault in the swabbing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the determination of encounter in the swabbing system and the automated processing method of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of an automatic processing method for detecting and processing encounter card in the swabbing system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for determining and automatically processing encounter and block of a pumping system includes the following steps:
s1) acquiring the tension information of the pumping instrument detected in the pumping operation in real time, judging the detected tension information of the pumping instrument and the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument in real time, if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is larger than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument meets a card, and sending the card meeting information of the pumping instrument to a pumping person; and if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is less than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument is in danger, and sending the danger information of the pumping instrument to pumping personnel.
S2) the swab user receives the information of the swab encountering with the card or the obstruction, then the operation S3 or S4 of removing the card encountering with the swab is performed.
S3) if the jamming occurs in the pumping instrument, stopping lifting the pumping instrument, after stopping lifting for a period of time, continuing to lift the pumping instrument if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged to be normal, lowering the pumping instrument if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged not to be normal, immersing the pumping instrument in liquid again, lowering the pumping instrument below the submergence depth, then slowly lifting again, and repeating the operation if the jamming is not still removed in the pumping instrument; if the card is not released after the operations are repeated for a plurality of times, the card is manually processed; if the pumping instrument is free from the card, the pumping instrument is continuously lifted;
the specific implementation is as follows: s301) if the pumping instrument is jammed, stopping lifting the pumping instrument for at least 1min, judging the tension condition of the pumping instrument after stopping lifting for at least 1min, and if the tension of the pumping instrument returns to normal, continuing lifting the pumping instrument;
s302) if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged not to be recovered to be normal, the pumping instrument is put down, the pumping instrument is immersed into the liquid again at the speed of 0.5-1.0 m/S, the pumping instrument is put down to the depth of sinking, wherein the depth of sinking is increased by 20-30 m, and then the pumping instrument is slowly lifted up again;
S303) if the suction instrument is not released from the encounter, repeating the operation;
s304) if the card is not removed after repeating the operation for 3 times, handing over to manual processing;
s305) if the swab instrument encounter card is removed within 3 times of repeating the operation, continuing to execute the uplifting operation of the swab instrument;
s306) if the swabbing instrument is free from the card, modifying the current sinking depth: the current sinking depth is-50 m.
When the tension information of the pumping instrument theory meets the card, the formula F is adoptedz＝Fy-Ff+Fm+FG+FlmObtaining the result; wherein, Fz: tension, Fy: air resistance
Ff: buoyancy in air
Fm: friction force between swab and well wall
FG: gravity force
Flm: friction of fluid
FmThe friction force of the swab and the well wall is related to the positive pressure and the dynamic friction factor
FfThe buoyancy instrument in the air is related to the total weight of liquid, gas density, steel bulk density and liquid accumulation density;
s4) if the pumping instrument is blocked during pumping, the pumping instrument is lowered after the lowering speed of the pumping instrument is reduced by the least square method; if the pumping instrument is still blocked, the descending speed of the pumping instrument is decelerated again until the speed is 0%;
if the lowering speed of the pumping instrument is 0, judging the tension value of the pumping instrument again, and if the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, lowering again; if the pumping instrument is still in resistance, the pumping instrument is lifted up; after the pumping instrument is lifted to a certain depth, if the pumping instrument is still blocked, the pumping instrument is continuously lifted until the wellhead stops to alarm for manual treatment;
If the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, the pumping instrument is lowered again, if the pumping instrument is blocked again in the lowering process, the number of times of removal is increased by 1, and then the operation is repeated; after repeated times, if the blockage is not released, the artificial treatment is carried out; if the resistance is relieved in multiple times, the resistance is metAnd resetting the times and continuing the transfer. It should be noted that, when the theoretical tension information of the pumping apparatus meets the resistance, the theoretical tension information of the pumping apparatus increases with the depth, which is determined by the factors of gravity, air resistance, inertia and the like, and the expression F is adoptedG+FA-FM-FK＝FxCalculating to obtain;
in the formula:
FG: gravity of lowering steel cable
FA: gravity of instruments (weighting rod, swab, etc.)
FM: friction between swab and well wall
Fx: value of real time tension
FK: air resistance
Wherein, FGDependent on the depth of lowering, FARelated to the quality of the apparatus, FMThe roughness of the contact surface of the swab and the well wall is related.
Further, if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is less than one-half of the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, the situation is judged to be encountered; and when the distress is judged to be met, the following operations are executed: s401) in the process of lowering the pumping instrument, judging whether the pumping instrument is in blockage or not all the time, when judging that the pumping instrument is in blockage, reducing the lowering speed of the pumping instrument by a least square method, and lowering the pumping instrument after reducing the speed;
S402), after the step S401 is executed, judging the lowering process of the pumping instrument again, if the pumping instrument still meets the resistance during the lowering process, decelerating the lowering speed of the pumping instrument again by a least square method until the speed is 0-1 m/S;
s403) waiting for 1-2 min when the speed is 0-1 m/S, judging the pumping work of the pumping instrument again, if the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, lowering the pumping instrument again, and if the lowering process of the pumping instrument is still blocked, lifting the pumping instrument;
s404) if the pumping apparatus is lifted to a certain depth, wherein the lifted depth is-300 m of the failure depth;
s405) if the pumping instrument is still blocked after being lifted, the pumping instrument is lifted continuously until the well is stopped to alarm to wait for manual treatment;
s406) if the tension value of the swabbing instrument during working is normal, the swabbing instrument is lowered again, if the swabbing instrument is blocked again in the lowering process, the number of times of removal is increased by 1, and then the operations are repeated;
s407) repeating for 2 times, and handing over to manual treatment if the encounter resistance is not released;
s408) if the blocking is removed within 3 times, clearing the blocking times and continuing to transfer.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, a method for determining and processing encounter resistance in a pumping system and an automated processing method: the stress of the instrument in the well needs to be analyzed to realize automatic judgment of the condition of the distress, and the distress is judged to possibly occur when the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is smaller than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument.
When the pumping operation is put down, when the tensiometer detects that the tension information of the pumping instrument is less than or equal to half of the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, the situation is judged to be encountered, and the following automatic processing method is executed.
And (3) calculating the tension information of the pumping instrument theory:
when the instrument is lowered into the well along with the steel cable, the steel cable is lowered into the well along with the increase of the depth, and factors such as gravity, air resistance, inertia influence and the like need to be considered. By comprehensively considering the factors, the tension information of the theory of the real-time lowering pumping instrument, namely the tension value, can be calculated.
FG+FA-FM-FK＝Fx
In the formula:
FG: gravity of lowering steel cable
FA: gravity of instruments (weighting rod, swab, etc.)
FM: friction between swab and well wall
Fx: real-time tension calculation
FK: air resistance
Wherein, FGDependent on the depth of lowering, FARelated to the quality of the apparatus, FMThe roughness of the contact surface of the swab and the well wall is related.
Calculating air resistance:
the air resistance is summed by the force vectors of air column static pressure, air buoyancy, axial stress, turbulent pressure, inertia influence and the like.
FKZ＝FJY+FFL+FZY+FWL+FGX
Wherein, FKZ: air resistance; fJY: gas column static pressure; fFL: gas buoyancy; fZY: axial stress; fWL: turbulent pressure; fGX: the inertia effect.
Referring to fig. 2 to 3, a method for determining encounter resistance and encounter jamming of a pumping system and for relieving encounter resistance in an automated processing method includes the following steps:
1) in the instrument releasing process, judging whether the instrument is in blockage or not, and when the instrument is judged to be in blockage, reducing the releasing speed by a least square method;
2) if the resistance is still met after the second judgment, performing deceleration treatment by using a least square method again until the speed is 0%;
3) when the speed is 0, waiting for 1-2 min, judging again, and if the tension value is normal, lowering again; if the resistance is still met, the system is lifted up.
4) Lifting a certain depth, and displaying the depth of arrival as the fault depth of-300 m;
5) if the well is still blocked, the well is lifted continuously until the well is stopped for alarming and is to be manually processed;
6) if the tension data is normal, the tension data is released again, and if the tension data is blocked again in the releasing process, the releasing times are increased by 1, and the operations are repeated;
7) after repeating for 2 times, if the blockage is not released, handing over to manual treatment;
8) if the blocking is removed within 3 times, clearing the blocking times and continuing to transfer.
Referring to fig. 4 to 5, the encounter card pre-judging and processing method in the determination and automatic processing method of the encounter resistance and the encounter card of the swabbing system
The automatic judgment is realized, the instrument is required to be lowered to the sinking depth in the well, and the swab of the instrument drives a part of effusion to be lifted. And analyzing the stress in the lifting process, judging the detected tension information of the pumping instrument and the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument in real time, and judging that the pumping instrument meets the card if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is greater than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument. It should be noted that the pumping apparatus refers to a swab, and the specific process is as follows:
And (3) lowering the swab to a sinking depth (such as 200-300 m), and after 1 minute, quickly lifting the swab at a speed of 1.5-2 m/s, wherein the swab is opened, a seal is formed inside the oil pipe, part of accumulated liquid is taken up to ascend, and the accumulated liquid is discharged after the accumulated liquid ascends to a wellhead.
When the swab is lifted, the buoyancy in water is greater than that in air, so that the maximum tension point is that the accumulated liquid is not spilled when the liquid level is just lifted, the buoyancy is air buoyancy, and the maximum tension is reached.
Stress analysis when liquid level of accumulated liquid is extracted by swab
The actual fluid is viscous, and momentum exchange can be generated between fluids with different speeds in the flowing process due to the viscous action, so that the fluid is slower at a high speed. The speed is slow and fast, and when the fluid flows through the solid, the fluid close to the solid is stagnated due to the action of viscosity, the speed is zero, and the speed of the surrounding fluid is reduced, so that the resistance is formed.
The formula of the tension calculation is Fz＝Fy-Ff+Fm+FG+FlmWherein, Fz: tension, Fy: air resistance Ff: buoyancy in air; fm: friction force between the swab and the well wall; fG: gravity; flm: the resistance of the fluid.
Resistance of fluid
The fluid has viscosity, and internal friction exists during flowing, and the fixed pipe wall or the solid wall surface with other shapes promote the relative motion inside the flowing fluid, so that the resistance of the fluid is generated. The magnitude of the fluid resistance is related to the physical properties of the fluid, the flow conditions, the shape of the wall surface and other factors; generally divided into two categories
Straight pipe resistance: when fluid passes through a straight pipe with a certain pipe diameter, the fluid overcomes the resistance generated by the viscosity of the fluid and the friction with the inner wall of the pipe. Present over the entire length in the flow direction, denoted hfz。
Local resistance: the resistance of the fluid to bypass the solid surface is the sum of the frictional resistance and the form resistance. The fluid flows through the pipe in the pipeline and the resistance generated at local places such as sudden expansion or reduction of the pipe section. Is marked as hfj
Flow resistance ∑ hfExpressed in bernoulli's equation:
∑hf＝hfz+hfj
referring to fig. 5, a method for determining and automatically processing encounter and block of a pumping system includes the steps of:
1) stopping lifting for 1min after the card is encountered, and continuing lifting if the tension returns to normal.
2) If the tension is not recovered to be normal, the instrument is lowered, the swab is immersed into the liquid again at the speed of 0.5-1.0 m/s, the swab is lowered to the depth below the sinking depth (the depth value of the sinking depth is increased by 20-30 m), and then the swab is slowly lifted up again;
3) if the card is not released, repeating the above operation;
4) after repeating for 3 times, if the card is not released, handing over to manual treatment;
5) if the card is not encountered within 3 times, continuing lifting operation;
6) after the card is removed, modifying the current sinking depth: the depth of sink is-50 (m).
It should be noted that, because the well conditions of each well are different, in order to realize automatic processing of the meeting and the meeting of the meeting card, the known data of the pumping well needs to be input into the pumping system controller, and the pumping system controller calculates each item of data in the well. And then manually lifting and lowering once to calibrate the data calculated in the pumping system controller. Meanwhile, the real-time depth and the real-time tension condition need to be measured accurately and accurately. And the detected numerical value is sent to a pumping system controller in real time, and the winch is controlled to make corresponding movement.
The invention provides a method for judging whether a pumping system meets resistance or a card and automatically processing the resistance, which adopts a mode of carrying out real-time judgment on detected tension information of a pumping instrument and theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, can timely lift the resistance, find problems and make corresponding reflection and remove the problems when the resistance is met, and stops the machine to wait for manual processing if the problems are not solved.
Therefore, the problem can be effectively solved for the automatic treatment of blocking and blocking, the depth, tension and the like are not required to be monitored by manpower constantly, the automatic control can timely respond when abnormity is found, early, timely and accurate judgment can be realized by automatic control, the problems of manual operation reaction delay and fatigue work are solved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for judging and automatically processing the blocking and jamming of a pumping system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1) acquiring the tension information of the pumping instrument detected in the pumping operation in real time, judging the detected tension information of the pumping instrument and the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument in real time, if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is larger than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument meets a card, and sending the card meeting information of the pumping instrument to a pumping person; if the detected tension information of the pumping instrument is smaller than the theoretical tension information of the pumping instrument, judging that the pumping instrument is in danger, and sending the danger information of the pumping instrument to pumping personnel;
S2) the swab staff receives the information of the swab instrument card encounter or blockage, executes the operation S3 of removing the swab instrument card encounter or the operation S4 of blockage removal;
s3) if the jamming occurs in the pumping instrument, stopping lifting the pumping instrument, after stopping lifting for a period of time, continuing to lift the pumping instrument if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged to be normal, lowering the pumping instrument if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged not to be normal, immersing the pumping instrument in liquid again, lowering the pumping instrument below the submergence depth, then slowly lifting again, and repeating the operation if the jamming is not still removed in the pumping instrument; if the card is not removed after the operations are repeated for a plurality of times, handing over to manual processing; if the pumping instrument is unlocked, the pumping instrument is continuously lifted;
s4) if the pumping instrument is blocked during pumping, the pumping instrument is lowered after the lowering speed of the pumping instrument is reduced by the least square method; if the pumping instrument is still blocked, the descending speed of the pumping instrument is decelerated again until the speed is 0%;
if the lowering speed of the pumping instrument is 0, judging the tension value of the pumping instrument again, and if the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, lowering again; if the pumping instrument is still in resistance, the pumping instrument is lifted up; after the pumping instrument is lifted to a certain depth, if the pumping instrument is still blocked, the pumping instrument is continuously lifted until the wellhead stops to alarm for manual treatment;
If the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, the pumping instrument is lowered again, if the pumping instrument is blocked again in the lowering process, the number of times of removal is increased by 1, and then the operations are repeated; after repeated times, if the resistance is not released, handing over to manual treatment; if the blocking is eliminated within multiple times, clearing the blocking times and continuing to transfer.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detected tension information of the pumping apparatus and the theoretical tension information of the pumping apparatus are determined in real time, and if the detected tension information of the pumping apparatus is less than one-half of the theoretical tension information of the pumping apparatus, it is determined that the pumping apparatus is in a fault, and the fault information of the pumping apparatus is sent to a pumping staff.
3. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the step S4) comprises:
s401) in the lowering process of the pumping instrument, judging the resistance of the pumping instrument all the time, when the resistance of the pumping instrument is judged, reducing the lowering speed of the pumping instrument by a least square method, and lowering the pumping instrument after the reduction;
S402), judging the lowering process of the pumping instrument again after the step S401 is executed, and if the pumping instrument is still blocked during lowering, decelerating the lowering speed of the pumping instrument again by using a least square method until the speed is 0-1 m/S;
s403) when the speed is 0-1 m/S, waiting for 1-2 min, judging the pumping work of the pumping instrument again, if the tension value of the pumping instrument is normal, lowering the pumping instrument again, and if the lowering process of the pumping instrument is still blocked, lifting the pumping instrument;
s404) if the pumping apparatus is lifted to a certain depth, wherein the lifted depth is-300 m of the failure depth;
s405) if the pumping instrument is still blocked after being lifted, continuing to lift the pumping instrument until the wellhead stops to alarm for manual treatment;
s406) if the tension value of the swabbing instrument during working is normal, the swabbing instrument is lowered again, if the swabbing instrument is blocked again in the lowering process, the number of times of removal is increased by 1, and then the operations are repeated;
s407) repeating for 2 times, and handing over to manual treatment if the encounter resistance is not released;
s408) if the blocking is removed within 3 times, clearing the blocking times and continuing to transfer.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the theoretical tension information of the pumping apparatus increases with depth when encountering a blockage, and is expressed by gravity, air resistance and inertia G+FA-FM-FK＝FXCalculating to obtain;
in the formula:
FG: gravity of lowering steel cable
FA: gravity of instruments (weighting rod, swab, etc.)
FM: friction between swab and well wall
FX: value of real time tension
FK: air resistance
Wherein, FGDependent on the depth of lowering, FARelated to the quality of the apparatus, FMThe roughness of the contact surface of the swab and the well wall is related.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3) comprises:
s301) if the pumping instrument is jammed, stopping lifting the pumping instrument for at least 1min, judging the tension condition of the pumping instrument after stopping lifting for at least 1min, and if the tension of the pumping instrument returns to normal, continuing lifting the pumping instrument;
s302) if the tension of the pumping instrument is judged not to be recovered to be normal, the pumping instrument is put down, the pumping instrument is immersed into the liquid again at the speed of 0.5-1.0 m/S, the pumping instrument is put down to the depth of sinking, wherein the depth of sinking is increased by 20-30 m, and then the pumping instrument is slowly lifted up again;
s303) if the sucking instrument is not released from the card, repeating the operation;
s304) if the card is not released after repeating the operation for 3 times, handing over to manual processing;
S305) if the pump instrument encounter card is removed within 3 times of repeating the above operations, the pump instrument lifting operation is continuously executed.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S3) further comprises the steps of:
s306) if the swabbing instrument is free from the card, modifying the current sinking depth: the current sinking depth is-50 m.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the theoretical tension information of the pumping apparatus is determined by the formula Fz＝Fy-Ff+Fm+FG+FlmObtaining the result; wherein, Fz: tension, Fy: air resistance
Ff: buoyancy in air
Fm: friction force between swab and well wall
FG: gravity force
Flm: friction of the fluid.
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