CN114673444B - Flexible screw drilling tool and drilling method - Google Patents
Flexible screw drilling tool and drilling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114673444B CN114673444B CN202210329204.4A CN202210329204A CN114673444B CN 114673444 B CN114673444 B CN 114673444B CN 202210329204 A CN202210329204 A CN 202210329204A CN 114673444 B CN114673444 B CN 114673444B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
- E21B21/103—Down-hole by-pass valve arrangements, i.e. between the inside of the drill string and the annulus
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
Abstract
The invention provides a flexible screw drilling tool and a drilling method, wherein the flexible screw drilling tool comprises a bypass valve assembly, a flexible screw motor, a transmission shaft assembly and a drill bit, wherein the flexible screw motor comprises screw pup joints which are distributed in a multistage linear manner; the screw nipple comprises a stator single section and a rotor single section, wherein the inner wall of the stator single section is provided with a stator part, and the outer wall of the rotor single section is provided with a rotor part; at least one single stator section is provided with a ball head body, at least one single stator section is provided with a spherical groove, the ball head body is embedded in the spherical groove in two adjacent single stator sections, and the two adjacent single stator sections can relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove; at least one rotor single joint is provided with a universal joint spline, at least one rotor single joint is provided with a universal joint spline groove, and two adjacent rotor single joints can rotate relatively. The invention relieves the technical problems of low torque transmission efficiency, long radial side drilling period, low mechanical drilling speed and high operation cost in the radial drilling technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radial drilling processes for oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a flexible screw drilling tool and a drilling method.
Background
For heavy oil, complex small broken blocks and low permeability/ultra low permeability reservoirs, how to efficiently develop heavy oil reservoirs, dig the top of a thick oil layer and locally remaining oil resources of a fault sealing oil layer, increase the utilization degree of the reservoir, improve the oil gas recovery ratio and improve the development effect becomes a key problem to be solved in each oil field.
Aiming at the difficult problem, the oil and gas well exploration industry provides a radial drilling technology, namely, loads such as axial force, torque and the like are effectively transferred to a drill bit through the underground flexible drilling tool, and the open-window sidetrack drilling in the original well casing is directly realized. The technology can utilize high-pressure water jet energy to jet multi-branch channels in the oil and gas layer, break through the pollution of near-wellbore zones, and establish high-efficiency oil and gas circulation channels, thereby increasing the oil drainage area and the oil well oil control range.
The radial drilling technology has been developed to form a small-curvature large-radius, medium-radius, short-radius and ultra-short-radius sidetracking method at present, but the conventional flexible drilling tool has the problems of low torque transmission efficiency, long radial sidetracking period, high operation cost and the like, and restricts the development of the radial drilling technology.
The screw drilling tool is a volumetric underground power drilling tool which uses drilling fluid as power and converts the pressure energy of the drilling fluid into mechanical energy. When the drilling fluid pumped by the slurry pump flows through the bypass valve and enters the motor, a certain hydraulic pressure drop is formed at the inlet and the outlet of the motor, the rotor is driven to rotate around the axis of the stator, and the rotating speed and the torque are efficiently transmitted to the drill bit through the universal shaft and the transmission shaft. The transmission characteristic of the screw drilling tool gets rid of the traditional mode of providing drilling power by means of rotation of a drill string, has the technical advantages of being capable of obtaining large torque, large discharge capacity and high drilling speed under low rotation speed driving, and is widely applied to the working processes of vertical wells, horizontal wells, window sidetracking and the like at present.
The most remarkable difference between the radial horizontal well and other complex structure wells, particularly the ultra-short radius sidetrack horizontal well, and the conventional horizontal well is that the curvature radius is extremely small, and in the operation process of the well, the conventional screw drilling tool in the well often drills by means of material deformation deflection.
However, the stress of the tool shell is aggravated in the sidetrack operation with small curvature radius, so that the anti-drop shell connected with the motor stator and the universal shaft shell are easily broken at the external thread, and the underground accident is caused.
Based on the above, the flexible drilling tool applied to radial sidetrack horizontal well operation is rarely provided with a screw drilling tool matching, is applied to dynamic loads such as torque, rotating speed and the like of radial sidetrack horizontal well operation and auxiliary bit window sidetrack operation, and still depends on the rotation of a drill string to provide the dynamic loads, so that the transmission efficiency of the flexible drilling tool is continuously reduced along with the increase of the well encountering depth of drilling, the radial sidetrack period is prolonged, the operation cost is too high, and the long-term continuous development of oil and gas field development is not facilitated.
Accordingly, there is a need for a flexible screw drilling tool and method of drilling that overcomes the above-described problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible screw drilling tool and a drilling method, which are used for relieving the technical problems of low torque transmission efficiency, long radial sidetrack period and high operation cost in the radial drilling technology.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a flexible screw drilling tool, which comprises a bypass valve assembly, a flexible screw motor, a transmission shaft assembly and a drill bit which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the bypass valve assembly is connected with an upper-end operation pipe column, the transmission shaft assembly is connected with the drill bit, and the flexible screw motor comprises screw pup joints which are distributed in a multi-stage linear manner;
the screw rod nipple joint comprises a stator single joint and a rotor single joint, wherein the inner wall of the stator single joint is provided with a stator part, the outer wall of the rotor single joint is provided with a rotor part, the rotor single joint is arranged in the stator single joint in a penetrating way, and the multistage screw rod nipple joint is used for transmitting torque under the combined action;
at least one single stator section is provided with a ball head body, at least one single stator section is provided with a spherical groove, the ball head body is embedded in the spherical groove in two adjacent single stator sections, and the two adjacent single stator sections can relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove;
at least one of the rotor single joints is provided with a universal joint spline, at least one of the rotor single joints is provided with a universal joint spline groove, and in two adjacent rotor single joints, the universal joint spline is embedded in the universal joint spline groove, and the two adjacent rotor single joints can rotate relatively.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of transmission grooves are formed in the spherical surface of the single-section ball head body of the stator, a plurality of column keys are arranged on the single section of the stator, adjacent single-section column keys of the stator can be inserted into the transmission grooves, and cavities are formed between the transmission grooves and the column keys, which are matched with each other.
In a preferred embodiment, the stator single section comprises a stator cylinder and a stator part fixedly connected in the stator cylinder, the stator part is a spiral groove with a certain number of teeth processed in an inner hole of a conventional flexible short section, the rotor part comprises a spiral ring, and the number of heads of the spiral ring on the rotor single section is 1 less than that of the spiral groove on the stator single section.
In a preferred embodiment, the rotor single joint is a screw rod with universal joints processed at two ends, the universal joint spline comprises a key wide part and a key narrow part, and the rotor part, the key narrow part and the key wide part are distributed in sequence; the universal joint spline groove comprises a groove wide portion and a groove narrow portion, and the rotor portion, the groove wide portion and the groove narrow portion are distributed in sequence.
In a preferred embodiment, the center of the deflection movement of the single rotor section around the axis of the single stator section is the center of the stator part, and the center of the rotation of the ball head body around the spherical groove of the adjacent single stator section is the center of the stator part, so that the design length of the single rotor section is ensured, and the synchronous flexible transmission effect of the single stator section and the single built-in rotor section is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the center of the runout between adjacent rotor single sections coincides with the center of the runout between adjacent stator single sections.
In a preferred embodiment, the two adjacent screw sub bending angles range from 0 to 90 °, the sub bending angles not being changed by the rotational movement of the stator and rotor singles, the screw sub bending angles being changeable by lateral forces.
In a preferred embodiment, the curvature of the flexible screw motor structural axis is greater than or equal to 0m -1 The flexible screw motor structure axis curvature does not change with the overall rotational movement of the tool, and the flexible screw motor structure axis curvature can change with lateral force.
The invention provides a drilling method, which adopts the flexible screw drilling tool, and comprises the following steps:
the drill bit is arranged at a well section of the whole well drilling operation, adjacent stator single sections relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove and drive adjacent rotor single sections to relatively rotate, and the adjacent rotor single sections transmit torque through the spline and the spline groove;
the drill bit enters a straight well section and a stable inclined section operation well section, the ground turntable drives an operation pipe column connected with the bypass valve assembly to rotate, drilling fluid pumped by a ground mud pump flows through the bypass valve assembly and enters the stator single section, the rotor single section is driven to rotate through hydraulic pressure, and the rotor single section drives the drill bit to rotate through the transmission shaft assembly;
the drill bit enters the radial sidetrack drilling operation well section, the ground turntable stops driving the operation pipe column connected with the bypass valve assembly to rotate, and at the moment, the flexible screw drilling tool is driven to rotate only through drilling fluid, and the drill bit is driven to rotate through the transmission shaft assembly.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
drilling fluid pumped by a ground mud pump flows through the bypass valve assembly, sequentially flows through stator single sections of screw pups at each stage, and under the action of the stator part and the rotor part, the rotor single sections are hydraulically driven to rotate around the axis of the stator single sections, and the rotating speed and the torque are transmitted to a drill bit through the transmission shaft assembly.
The ball head body of each stator single section rotates around the ball center of the spherical groove of each adjacent stator single section, so that the rotating curvature radius of each stator single section can be changed, the flexible connection function is exerted, meanwhile, the adjacent rotor single sections are driven to rotate relatively, torque is transmitted between each rotor single section by means of the matching of the universal joint spline and the spline groove, flexible transmission of power in the whole well drilling operation process is realized, flexible transmission of power generated by the screw motor is realized, torque transmission efficiency in the radial drilling technology is improved, the radial sidetracking period is facilitated to be shortened, the mechanical drilling speed is improved, and the operation cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1A-2 are schematic structural views of a stator single section in a flexible screw drilling tool provided by the invention;
fig. 3A-4 are schematic structural views of a single rotor section in the flexible screw drilling tool provided by the invention;
FIGS. 5A-6 are schematic diagrams of the working process of the straight well section/the steady inclined section of the flexible screw drilling tool provided by the invention;
FIGS. 7A-8 are schematic diagrams of radial sidetrack operation of a flexible screw drilling tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a partial schematic view of a ball housing in a flexible screw drilling tool provided by the present invention;
fig. 10 is a partial schematic view of a spherical recess in a flexible screw drilling tool provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10. a bypass valve assembly; 11. a drive shaft assembly; 12. a drill bit;
80. a flexible screw motor; 81. screw nipple;
1. stator sheetA section; 5. a stator part; 51. spiral grooves; o (O) 1 A stator part center; l (L) 1 A stator portion axis;
2. a ball head body; 21. a transmission groove; 22. an end plane;
41. a spherical groove; 42. a column key;
4. a stator cylinder; 3. a ball seat;
6. a rotor single section; 61. a rotor section; 611. a thread loop;
71. a universal joint spline; 711. a key width portion; 712. a key narrow portion;
72. spline grooves of the universal joint; 721. a groove width portion; 722. a slot narrow portion.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Scheme one
The invention provides a screw drilling tool, as shown in fig. 6-8, which comprises a bypass valve assembly 10, a flexible screw motor 80, a transmission shaft assembly 11 and a drill bit 12, wherein the bypass valve assembly, the flexible screw motor 80, the transmission shaft assembly 11 and the drill bit 12 are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the flexible screw motor 80 comprises screw pup joints 81 which are distributed in a multi-stage linear mode; the screw rod short section 81 comprises a stator single section 1 and a rotor single section 6, the inner wall of the stator single section 1 is provided with a stator part 5, the outer wall of the rotor single section 6 is provided with a rotor part 61, the rotor single section 6 is arranged in the stator single section 1 in a penetrating way, and the multistage screw rod short section 81 is connected end to jointly act to transmit torque; as shown in fig. 1B-2, at least one single stator section 1 is provided with a ball head body 2, at least one single stator section 1 is provided with a spherical groove 41, the ball head body 2 is embedded in the spherical groove 41 in two adjacent single stator sections 1, and the two adjacent single stator sections 1 can relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove 41; as shown in fig. 3A to 4, at least one of the rotor single joints 6 is provided with a universal joint spline 71, at least one of the rotor single joints 6 is provided with a universal joint spline groove 72, and in two adjacent rotor single joints 6, the universal joint spline 71 is embedded in the universal joint spline groove 72, and the two adjacent rotor single joints 6 can rotate relatively.
Drilling fluid pumped by a ground mud pump flows through the bypass valve assembly 10, sequentially flows through the stator single sections 1 of the screw pup joints 81, rotates around the axis of the stator single section 1 through the hydraulic driving of the rotor single section 6 under the action of the stator part 5 and the rotor part 61, and transmits rotating speed and torque to the drill bit 12 through the transmission shaft assembly 11.
The ball head body 2 of the stator single section 1 rotates around the spherical center of the spherical groove 41 of the adjacent stator single section 1, so that the rotating curvature radius can be changed among the plurality of stator single sections 1, the flexible connection function is exerted, meanwhile, the adjacent rotor single sections 6 are matched to rotate relatively, torque is transmitted among the rotor single sections 6 by means of the matching of the universal joint spline 71 and the universal joint spline groove 72, flexible transmission of power in the whole well drilling operation process is realized, and therefore the power generated by the flexible screw motor 80 is flexibly transmitted, torque transmission efficiency in the radial drilling technology is improved, the radial sidetracking period is shortened, and the operation cost is saved.
As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the multi-stage screw nipple 81 in the flexible screw motor 80 is linearly distributed. In the screw drilling tool, the uppermost screw nipple 81 is connected with the bypass valve assembly 10, and the lowermost screw nipple 81 is connected with the transmission shaft assembly 11. For the stator single section 1 in the screw nipple 81 at the uppermost end, the lower end of the stator single section is provided with a ball head body 2 or a spherical groove 41; for the stator single section 1 in the screw nipple 81 at the lowest end, the upper end of the stator single section is provided with a ball head body 2 or a spherical groove 41; for the stator single section 1 in the screw nipple 81 at the middle position, the lower end of the stator single section 1 is provided with a ball head body 2 or a spherical groove 41, the upper end of the stator single section is provided with the ball head body 2 or the spherical groove 41, and the stator single sections 1 in two adjacent screw nipples 81 are connected with the spherical groove 41 through the matched ball head body 2.
For the rotor single joint 6 in the uppermost screw nipple 81, the lower end of the rotor single joint is provided with a universal joint spline 71 or a universal joint spline groove 72; for the rotor single joint 6 in the screw nipple 81 at the lowest end, the upper end of the rotor single joint is provided with a universal joint spline 71 or a universal joint spline groove 72; the lower end of the rotor single joint 6 in the screw nipple 81 at the middle position is provided with a universal joint spline 71 or a universal joint spline groove 72, the upper end of the rotor single joint 6 is provided with the universal joint spline 71 or the universal joint spline groove 72, and the rotor single joints 6 in the adjacent two screw nipples 81 are connected with the universal joint spline grooves 72 through the matched universal joint spline 71.
Specifically, the bypass valve assembly 10 is connected with the stator single section 1 in the uppermost screw nipple 81, and the transmission shaft assembly 11 is connected with the rotor single section 6 in the lowermost screw nipple 81. In the screw drilling tool, the stator single sections 1 and the rotor single sections 6 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the number of the stator single sections 1 and the rotor single sections 6 is not limited.
As shown in fig. 1B, fig. 2, fig. 9 and fig. 10, the stator single section 1 is provided with a transmission groove 21, the stator single section 1 is provided with a column key 42, the column key 42 is inserted into the transmission groove 21, and the column key 42 is matched with the transmission groove 21, so that when two adjacent stator single sections 1 relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove 41, the two adjacent stator single sections 1 can synchronously rotate to transmit torque, flexible transmission connection of the adjacent stator single sections 1 is realized, and the operation of a vertical well or a stable operation section is facilitated. The cross section of the transmission groove 21 is larger than that of the column key 42, so that the transmission groove 21 is provided with a margin for the column key 42 to move, and the adjacent two stator single sections 1 can rotate freely around the sphere center of the spherical groove 41.
In one embodiment, the plurality of driving grooves 21 are distributed on the spherical surface of the ball head body 2. Further, the plurality of driving grooves 21 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of column keys 42 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction. The ball head body 2 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of transmission grooves 21 for hinging with the column keys 42 of the adjacent stator single sections 1. The number of the column keys 42 and the number of the driving grooves 21 are not limited, and for example, the number of the column keys 42 is 4 or 6, and the number of the driving grooves 21 is also 4 or 6.
The spherical surface of the single-section ball head body of the stator is provided with a plurality of transmission grooves 21, a single section of the stator is provided with a plurality of column keys 42, adjacent single-section column keys 42 of the stator can be inserted into the transmission grooves 21, and cavities are arranged between the matched transmission grooves 21 and the column keys 42 so as to reserve space for the column keys 42 to move in the transmission grooves 21, so that the ball head body 2 can swing in the spherical grooves 41.
The spherical head body 2 can deflect around the spherical groove 41 of the adjacent stator single section 1 by 0-180 degrees, so that the flexible screw motor 80 changes the rotation curvature radius and plays a flexible connection role. As shown in fig. 1B, the ball head body 2 has an end plane 22, that is, the ball head body 2 is in a non-complete sphere shape, and the end plane 22 is located at the end of the ball head body 2 away from the body of the stator single-section 1, so that the ball head body 2 can freely rotate in the spherical groove 41. Further, two ends of the ball head body 2 are respectively provided with a plane, and the ball head body 2 is drum-shaped as a whole.
In an embodiment, the stator single section 1 includes a stator cylinder 4 and a stator part 5 fixedly connected to an inner wall of the stator cylinder 4, the stator part 5 may be a spiral groove 51 with a certain number of teeth formed by processing an inner hole of a conventional flexible short section, the stator cylinder 4 is generally hollow and cylindrical, the spherical groove 41 may be disposed at an upper end of the stator cylinder 4, and the stator cylinder 4 may be connected with an adjacent stator single section 1 or the bypass valve assembly 10.
As shown in fig. 1A-1B and 3A-4, the stator part 5 includes a spiral groove 51, the rotor part 61 includes a spiral ring 611, and the stator single-section 1 accommodates the rotor single-section 6 at a specific position. The stator single section 1 is meshed with the rotor single section 6, the lead difference of the stator part 5 and the rotor part 61 forms a spiral sealing line, a sealing cavity is formed in the stator single section 1, slurry flows into the sealing cavity, and the rotor single section 6 in the stator single section 1 can rotate around the axis of the stator single section 1 under hydraulic drive.
In an embodiment, the stator single-section 1 includes a ball seat 3 disposed between a stator cylinder 4 and a ball head body 2, as shown in fig. 1B, the ball seat 3 is cylindrical, a spherical groove 41 is disposed at an upper end, and the spherical groove 41, the stator portion 5, the ball seat 3 and the ball head body 2 are sequentially distributed from top to bottom.
Further, the number of the spiral grooves 51 on the stator single section 1-the number of the spiral rings 611 on the rotor single section 6=1, the connection safety among the stator part 5, the rotor part 61, the universal joint spline 71 and the universal joint spline groove 72 is enhanced, and the tool applicability is improved. The number of helical rings 611 on the rotor single segment 6 can be determined based on well conditions. For example, the number of heads of the rotor portion 61 may be 5, 6, 7, etc., and accordingly, the number of heads of the stator portion 5 may be designed to be 6, 7, 8, etc.
The spherical recess 41 can accommodate the joint spline 71 and the joint spline groove 72 of the two rotor singles 6.
Preferably, two adjacent rotor single segments 6 are wound around two adjacent stator single segment 1 axes L 1 The center of the deflection movement is the center O of the stator part 1 The rotation center of the ball head body 2 around the spherical groove of the adjacent stator single section 1 is also the center O of the stator part 1 . On one hand, the power transmission effect of the screw drilling tool can be guaranteed, the design length of the rotor single section 6 can be guaranteed, the synchronous flexible transmission effect of the stator single section 1 and the built-in rotor single section 6 is exerted, and the use safety of the screw drilling tool is improved. Adjacent two rotor single sections 6 are wound around the axis L of adjacent two stator single sections 1 1 A synchronous deflection is produced. Center of stator part O 1 Is the center of the sphere of the spherical recess 41.
The adjacent screw nipple 81 performs deflection movement to realize steering, and at the same time, deflection occurs between the adjacent rotor single sections 6, and deflection also occurs between the adjacent stator single sections 1. The center of the deflection between the adjacent rotor single sections 6 coincides with the center of the deflection between the adjacent stator single sections 1.
The universal joint spline 71 and the universal joint spline groove 72 are respectively arranged on the outer circumferential end surfaces of the rotor single joints 6, and adjacent rotor single joints 6 are matched with each other through the universal joint spline 71 and the universal joint spline groove 72, so that flexible transmission of power generated by the flexible screw motor 80 can be realized. The universal joint spline 71 on the adjacent two rotor single joints 6 are matched with the universal joint spline grooves 72 to form a plurality of universal joint spline combined structures with omnibearing rotation and high freedom degree, and flexible transmission connection is realized.
As shown in fig. 3B and 4, the gimbal spline 71 includes a key wide portion 711 and a key narrow portion 712, and the rotor portion 61, the key narrow portion 712, and the key wide portion 711 are distributed in this order; the universal joint spline groove 72 includes a groove wide portion 721 and a groove narrow portion 722, the rotor portion 61, the groove wide portion 721 and the groove narrow portion 722 are distributed in sequence, and the key wide portion 711 is embedded in the groove wide portion 721, so that the universal joint spline 71 can move in the universal joint spline groove 72 and avoid the two from being separated, and a plurality of universal joint splines 71 are matched with the universal joint spline groove 72, so that torque can be stably transmitted between adjacent rotor single joints 6, and relative rotation can be realized. The universal joint spline 71 extends along the axial direction of the rotor single joint 6, the central angle of the key wide part 711 is larger than that of the key narrow part 712, and the side wall of the key wide part 711 and the side wall of the key narrow part 712 are arc-shaped and arc transition is carried out between the two. The universal joint spline groove 72 extends in the axial direction of the rotor single joint 6, the central angle of the groove wide portion 721 is larger than that of the groove narrow portion 722, and the side wall of the groove wide portion 721 and the side wall of the groove narrow portion 722 are arc-shaped and arc-shaped transition is formed between the side wall and the side wall. Preferably, the number of the joint splines 71 and the number of the joint spline grooves 72 on one rotor single joint 6 may be 4 or 6.
Bending of the screw nipple is matched by means of a universal joint; the lateral force is a force generated by the tool structure body working underground, and the medium for applying the force can be a well wall or a tool. The range of the relative bending angles of two adjacent screw nipple segments is 0-90 degrees, the bending angles of the screw nipple segments are not changed due to the rotation movement of a stator single section and a rotor single section, and the bending angles of the screw nipple segments can be changed due to the lateral force born by the flexible screw drilling tool.
When the flexible screw motor is in conveying and working, the curvature of the structural axis of the flexible screw motor is greater than or equal to 0m -1 The curvature of the flexible screw motor structure axis does not change along with the rotation movement of the multi-stage screw pup joint, and the curvature of the flexible screw motor structure axis can change along with the lateral force born by the flexible screw drilling tool. The curvature of the axial line of the flexible screw motor is the reciprocal of the underground deflecting radius, and when the bending angle of the multi-stage screw pup joint is 0 DEG, the curvature of the axial line of the motor is equal to 0; at 90 deg., the curvature of the axis is infinite.
In the radial side drilling horizontal well operation process, the flexible screw drilling tool simultaneously plays technical advantages of the flexible drilling tool and the screw drilling tool, high-efficiency transmission of radial drilling torque and safety of screw member connection are effectively guaranteed, installation is simple, and construction cost is low. The flexible screw drilling tool also has the following beneficial effects: (1) The flexible screw drilling tool has strong operability and is easy to process and operate; (2) The flexible screw drilling tool component is high in connection safety, and reliability of single-joint flexible hinge positions of the stator, spline matching positions of the universal joint and screw strength is guaranteed; (3) The flexible screw drilling tool has higher economical efficiency, shortens the operation time and can greatly reduce the operation cost.
The flexible screw drilling tool is suitable for radial drilling technology, has good economical efficiency, can enable the residual oil reservoir to be better developed and utilized, is beneficial to improving the crude oil recovery ratio, and has important application value for increasing the oil reservoir utilization degree, improving the oil recovery ratio and improving the development effect.
Scheme II
The invention provides a drilling method, which adopts the flexible screw drilling tool, and comprises the following steps: the drill bit 12 enters the radial sidetrack operation well section, the adjacent stator single sections 1 relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove 41 and drive the adjacent rotor single sections 6 to relatively rotate, and the adjacent rotor single sections 6 transmit torque through the universal joint spline 71 and the universal joint spline groove 72; drilling fluid pumped by a ground mud pump flows through the bypass valve assembly 10, enters the stator single section 1, and rotates through the rotor single section 6 driven by hydraulic pressure, and the rotor single section 6 drives the drill bit 12 to rotate through the transmission shaft assembly 11.
In the drilling method, the rotor single section 6 is hydraulically driven around the axis L of the stator single section 1 1 And (5) rotating. The radial sidetracking operation well section has the advantages that the rotation curvature radius can be changed among the stator single sections 1, the flexible connection function is exerted, meanwhile, the adjacent rotor single sections 6 are driven to rotate relatively in a matched mode, torque is transmitted among the rotor single sections 6 by means of the matching of the universal joint spline 71 and the universal joint spline groove 72, flexible transmission of power in the radial sidetracking operation process is achieved, the rotating speed and the torque are transmitted to the drill bit 12 through the transmission shaft assembly 11, torque transmission efficiency in the radial drilling technology is improved, the radial sidetracking period is shortened, the mechanical drilling speed is improved, and the operation cost is saved.
The drilling method mainly comprises the double-drive drilling of a straight well section/a stable inclined section and the single-drive drilling of a radial inclined section. The main operation steps comprise:
(1) The multi-stage screw nipple 81 of the flexible screw drilling tool is connected end to end, the upper end of the multi-stage screw nipple is connected with the bypass valve assembly 10, the lower end of the multi-stage screw nipple is connected with the transmission shaft assembly 11 and the drill bit 12, and the multi-stage screw nipple is put into an oil well after the tool is installed;
(2) In the drilling operation process of the straight well section and the stable inclined section of the drill bit 12, as shown in fig. 5A-6, a ground rotary table drives a working string connected with a bypass valve assembly 10 to rotate, drilling fluid pumped by a slurry pump flows through the bypass valve assembly 10 to enter a flexible screw drilling tool, and a rotor single section 6 is hydraulically driven to wind a stator single section 1 axis L 1 Rotating, presenting the characteristic of 'ground turntable + screw double driving' drilling operation, transmitting the rotating speed and torque to the drill bit 12 through the transmission shaft assembly 11;
(3) When the drill bit 12 enters the radial sidetrack operation well section from the straight well section, as shown in fig. 7A-8, the ball head body 2 in the stator single section 1 rotates around the ball center of the spherical groove 41 of the adjacent stator single section 1 to drive the universal joint spline 71 between the adjacent rotor single sections 6 to rotate relatively in a matched manner, and the rotor single sections 6 deflect around the adjacent rotor single sections 6 by virtue of the matching of the universal joint spline 71 between the rotor single sections 6 and the universal joint spline grooves 72;
at this time, the ground rotary table stops driving the operation pipe column connected with the bypass valve assembly 10 to rotate, and the drilling fluid pumped by the ground slurry pump only flows through the bypass valve assembly 10 to enter the flexible screw drilling tool, and the rotor single section 6 is hydraulically driven to wind the axis L of the stator single section 1 1 The rotation, the characteristic of 'screw single drive' drilling operation is presented, the rotation speed and the torque are transmitted to the drill bit 12 through the transmission shaft assembly 11, and the flexible transmission of the screw drilling tool power in the radial side drilling operation process is realized.
The drilling method comprises two types:
(1) Double-driving drilling method for straight well section/inclined stable section
In the drilling process of the drill bit in the straight well section and the inclined-line section, the ground turntable drives the operation pipe column connected with the bypass valve assembly to rotate, the drilling fluid pumped by the ground slurry pump flows through the bypass valve assembly and enters the stator single section, the rotor single section is driven to rotate through the hydraulic drive, the rotor single section drives the drill bit to rotate through the transmission shaft assembly, the characteristic of 'ground turntable and screw double-drive' drilling operation is presented, the well construction time is shortened, the mechanical drilling speed is improved, and the radial well horizontal footage is prolonged.
(2) Radial deflecting section 'single drive' drilling method
The drill bit enters the radial sidetrack operation well section, the adjacent stator single sections rotate relatively around the spherical center of the spherical groove and drive the adjacent rotor single sections to rotate relatively, the adjacent rotor single sections transmit torque through the spline and the spline groove, the operation pipe column does not rotate at this moment, drilling fluid pumped by the ground slurry pump only passes through the bypass valve assembly and enters the stator single sections, the rotor single sections are driven to rotate through hydraulic drive, the rotor single sections drive the drill bit to rotate through the transmission shaft assembly, the characteristic of 'screw single drive' drilling operation is presented, and horizontal deflection of the radial ultrashort radius is realized.
The foregoing is merely a few embodiments of the present invention and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or alterations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the disclosure herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The flexible screw drilling tool is characterized by comprising a bypass valve assembly, a flexible screw motor, a transmission shaft assembly and a drill bit which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the bypass valve assembly is connected with an upper-end operation pipe column, the flexible screw motor comprises screw pup joints which are distributed in a multistage linear manner, and the transmission shaft assembly is connected with the drill bit;
the screw rod nipple joint comprises a stator single section and a rotor single section, wherein the inner wall of the stator single section is provided with a stator part, the outer wall of the rotor single section is provided with a rotor part, the rotor single section is arranged in the stator single section in a penetrating way, and the screw rod nipple joint is multi-stage to transmit torque under the combined action;
at least one single stator section is provided with a ball head body, at least one single stator section is provided with a spherical groove, the ball head body is embedded in the spherical groove in two adjacent single stator sections, and the two adjacent single stator sections can relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove; the adjacent two stator single sections are respectively provided with a transmission groove and a column key, a plurality of transmission grooves are distributed on the spherical surface of the ball head body, the column keys are inserted into the transmission grooves, and the column keys are matched with the transmission grooves, so that the adjacent two stator single sections can synchronously rotate to transmit torque while relatively rotating around the spherical center of the spherical groove, and flexible transmission connection of the adjacent stator single sections is realized;
at least one rotor single joint is provided with a universal joint spline, at least one rotor single joint is provided with a universal joint spline groove, and in two adjacent rotor single joints, the universal joint spline is embedded in the universal joint spline groove, and the two adjacent rotor single joints can relatively rotate;
the stator single section comprises a stator cylinder and a stator part fixedly connected in the stator cylinder, and the stator part comprises a spiral groove; the rotor portion includes a thread loop; the stator part is meshed with the rotor part, and the stator single section accommodates the rotor single section at a specific position; the center of the rotor single section, which rotates around the axis of the stator single section, is the center of a stator part, the center of the ball head body, which rotates around the spherical groove of the adjacent stator single section, is the center of the stator part, and the center of the stator part is the center of the spherical groove; the adjacent two rotor single sections synchronously deflect around the axes of the adjacent two stator single sections.
2. The flexible screw drilling tool according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of transmission grooves are formed in the spherical surface of the ball head body, a plurality of column keys are arranged on the stator single section, the column keys of adjacent stator single sections can be inserted into the transmission grooves, and cavities are formed between the matched transmission grooves and the column keys.
3. The flexible screw drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the number of heads of the screw ring on the rotor single section is 1 less than the number of heads of the screw groove on the stator single section.
4. The flexible screw drilling tool of claim 3, wherein the gimbal spline comprises a key wide portion and a key narrow portion, the rotor portion, the key narrow portion, and the key wide portion being sequentially distributed;
the universal joint spline groove comprises a groove wide portion and a groove narrow portion, and the rotor portion, the groove wide portion and the groove narrow portion are distributed in sequence.
5. The flexible screw drilling tool of claim 1, wherein a center of deflection between adjacent ones of the rotor segments coincides with a center of deflection between adjacent ones of the stator segments.
6. The flexible screw drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the relative bending angle of adjacent two of the screw subs ranges from 0 ° to 90 °.
7. The flexible screw drilling tool of claim 1, wherein the flexible screw motor structure axis has a curvature of greater than or equal to 0m -1 。
8. A method of drilling using the flexible screw drilling tool of any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising:
the drill bit is arranged at a well section of the whole well drilling operation, adjacent stator single sections relatively rotate around the spherical center of the spherical groove and drive adjacent rotor single sections to relatively rotate, and the adjacent rotor single sections transmit torque through the spline and the spline groove;
the drill bit enters a straight well section and a stable inclined section operation well section, the ground turntable drives an operation pipe column connected with the bypass valve assembly to rotate, drilling fluid pumped by a ground mud pump flows through the bypass valve assembly and enters the stator single section, the rotor single section is driven to rotate through hydraulic pressure, and the rotor single section drives the drill bit to rotate through the transmission shaft assembly;
the drill bit enters the radial sidetrack drilling operation well section, the ground turntable stops driving the operation pipe column connected with the bypass valve assembly to rotate, and at the moment, the flexible screw drilling tool is driven to rotate only through drilling fluid, and the drill bit is driven to rotate through the transmission shaft assembly.
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